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++Databases are collections of data that are well organised, allowing them to be
accessed and updated quickly and easily. There are different types of databases,
classified by their content; they can be either bibliographic, text, statistical or multimedia
databases.
Some databases have their information split into several, more easily manageable
groups, these are called relational databases. These separate tables can then be linked
together, creating a relationship. Relational databases reduce data duplication, meaning
the database will be smaller than if it was all lumped into a single flat file database.
Primary keys
A primary key is a field in the table which enables you to see all the unique information
that is in that table which will include numbers, transactional numbers and so on also
they always tend to be at the top of the tables. For example in a school there will be the
student/ teacher ID number and they will be most likely at the top of their tables. Also it
can only be in one table but it can link to other tables to make it a record.
Foreign keys
A foreign key can be used to link the tables together and therefore a relationship of the
tables is created. Also it is the field that is in one table is linked to a primary key in
another table. In tables those that are identically named as fields and it is also known as
foreign key.
Entities
Entities are the use of tables is to store data to be viewed at a later data if needed within
the database. The data can be stored in countless amounts of tables and all databases
can store a lot of tables.
Data Redundancy
The information that is used more than once in a table is called date redundancy. It is a
condition that is created within a database or data storage in which the same piece of
data is held in two different places. This can occur by accident, but is also done
deliberately for backup and recovery purposes. You can avoid data redundancy by
developing and organising different fields and tables within the database. To do this you
could split the large tables into smaller ones and then defining the relationships of them.
The job of it is to separate the data, which means any deletion of data, modifications and
additions of fields.
Data Types
Databases are permanently kept as data to make sure that the data is more efficient and
also the different types of data can normally be classed as a certain data types. The
main data types are:
Text and alphanumeric. This refers to the data that is made up of letters and
numbers. Also symbols and space may be allowed to be incorporated in.
Here is an example:
Forename: Aziz
Surname: Ahmed
Address: 73, High Street
Postcode: CV34 5TR