WHAP Test Review: Imperialism, Reaction of China and Japan to the West, and World

War I

Know and be able to apply your knowledge of the following terms:

Imperialism country has more power and influence through diplomacy or military
force; ruled by an emperor
Cecil Rhodes British businessman and Politician in South Africa; made laws to help
mine and industry owners. Introduced British imperialism saying they were the
finest race
Schlieffen Plan Deployment plan to set own initiative at war Germany going against
France and Russia
Colony territory under immediate political control of state, connected to parent
nation
East India Company English Joint Stock Company formed to pursue trade with East
Indies, wanted to be the worlds most powerful trading empire
Kaiser Wilhelm Germanys last Kaiser, launched Germany in New Course in foreign
affairs to get support for Austria-Hungary in crisis of July 1914. He was an ineffective
war leader and lost support of army, then fled to exile in Netherlands.
Protectorates State controlled and protected by another
Sepoys
Indian soldier serving under British or European army
Treaty of Versailles a peace treaty to end World War I, ended state of war between
Germany and Allied powers. Signed in June 28, 1919, five years after assassination
of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Sphere of Influence (or interest) Country or area in which another country has power
to affect developments although it has no formal authority, accommodates interests
of powers outside the borders of the state that controls it.
Emilio Aguinaldo first president of Philippines, led Philippines forces against Spain in
Philippine revolution and helped achieve independence of island.
Big Four the top allied leaders who met at Paris Peace Conference to end World War
I, also known as the Council of Four. Composed of the US, Britain, Italy and France.
White Mans Burden: the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose
their civilization on the black inhabitants of their colonies.
Social Darwinism:
is a modern name given to various theories of society that
emerged in the United Kingdom, North America, and Western Europe in the 1870s.
Berlin Conference:
regulated European colonization and trade in Africa
during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden
emergence as an imperial power.
Opium War: was a war between Germany, Britain, and China caused by trade
deficit
Treaty of Nanking:
a treaty that
its purpose was to end the fighting
between the countries, which effect was the expansion and independence of the
Chinese.
Taiping Rebellion:
A rebellion between 1850-1864 that killed many lives, it
was a religious and political revolt.
Boxer Rebellion: A rebellion in 1900 that alliance the countries and stopped the
economic issues and disputes.

Cecil Rhoades: a businessman and politician in South Africa that controlled the
British South African Company.
East India Company: was a company build to pursue trade in east India.
Sepoys: were Indian troops that served the British, got mad at British because they
use sacred food, pork, to empower their weapons.
Emilio Aguinaldo: 1st president of the Philippines, led the Filipinos rebel to turn
their army against their new intruders.
Ram Mohan Roy: was a Bengali intellectual which stated that a society should be
based on modern Europe and science and Hinduism.
Monroe Doctrine: was a U.S foreign policy regarding European countries that
stated that further plans for colonization on us would be considered as aggression.
Militarism: the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should
maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to
defend or promote national interests.
Alliance Systems: The alliance system was started by Bismarck, the German
Chancellor from 1871 to 1890. After the Franco-Prussian War, Bismarck held that
Germany was a "satiated state" which should give up ideas of further conquest.
Nationalism:
the political view that your own country is great, and you
believe strongly in nations,
Imperialism: a policy of extending a country's power and influence through
diplomacy or military force.
Schlieffen Plan: the operational plan for a designated attack on France once
Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilize her forces near
the German border.
Kaiser Wilhelm: emperor of Germany (1859-WWI end) dreamed of building
Germany into a major naval force
Treaty of Versailles:
one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It
ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28
June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Big Four: Prime Ministers David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Vittorio Orlando of
Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow Wilson.
Fourteen Points: a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President
Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and
calling for postwar peace in Europe.
League of Nations: an international organization to promote world peace and
cooperation that was created by the Treaty of Versailles
Nicholas II: main reason for revolution in the 20th century, was a tsar, and a weak
emperor due to not being able to handle the stress load of Russia in those times.
Rasputin: a mystical adviser in the court of Czar Nicholas II of Russia.
Bolsheviks: member of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party,
which, led by Lenin, seized control of the government in Russia (October 1917) and
became the dominant political power.
V.I. Lenin: founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the Bolshevik
Revolution and architect and first head of the Soviet state.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand: he was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His
assassination started the beginning of World War I.
Bloody Sunday: the name given to the events of Sunday, 22 January 1905 in St
Petersburg, Russia, where unarmed demonstrators led by Father Georgy Gapon
were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards
the Winter Palace to present a petition Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

Meiji Restoration: was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to
Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
1. What were the reasons/motivations for the New Imperialism of the 19 the
Century? How were these reasons/motivations different from the earlier round
of Imperialism during the Age of Exploration/Colonization?
Need for raw materials, markets for finished goods, and places to
invest capital
Need places and materials to re supply ships
2. What were some of the effects of the New Imperialism?
introduced new technologies, improved transportation, introduced new
and better education systems, introduced new crop
forced labor, economic exploitation, racism
3. Which country had the largest colonial empire?
British empire
4. What caused the Opium War? What were the effects of that war?
Opium War was caused directly by China's isolationist trade policy with
the West. Because China would accept only silver from the British,
tension arose quickly between the two countries.
The British won the First Opium War due to a superior navy, and the
Chinese were forced to comply. This resulted in a treaty that opened
five new ports in China for trade with the west.
5. How were the Taiping Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion similar and different?
The Taiping Rebellion lasted 14 years and killed at least 20 million
people. The Boxer Rebellion lasted less than 2 years and killed less
than 500,000 people.
The Taiping Rebellion aimed at the overthrow of the Qing dynasty
imperial government; the Chinese empire was therefore against it. The
Boxer Rebellion aimed at expelling all foreigners, and all foreign
influence, from China. It was supported by the Qing imperial
government
The main similarity is that both rebellions were defeated with
substantial outside foreign military help.
6. How did the Berlin Conference shape modern Africa?
The Berlin Conference 1884-1885 was one of the defining moments of
African history for a number of reasons, the most important being that
it changed (for the worse) political boundaries of Africa.
7. How was imperialism the same in Africa and China? How was it different?
They both fought by many European Countries seeking to gain control
of their land. Chinas imperialism was based on their markets, more
commercial based, while in Africa, a European powers came with forces
to control Africa territory, mainly for goods
8. What changes and reforms were made during the Meiji Restoration?

Made formal declaration of formal of his power.

9. What role did the East India Company play in the downfall of the Mughal
Empire?
East India Company disposed the last Mughal Empire and exiled to
Burma and the war of 1857.
10.What was the effect of the sepoy rebellion?
The end of The India Company, and a new start for a direct rule by the
British government.
11.How was the British model of imperialism similar to the French model? How
was it different?
Britain and France both wanted to help themselves and no other but
them. The difference was that the French allow African Subject to
become part of the French people.
12.Why did Japan become an imperialist power?
Japan was industrializing fast, and so their military power allowed to
become imperialist power.
13.What were the long term causes of World War I? What was the immediate
cause?
Immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke of Ferdinand. Long
term causes of WWI were the formation of mutual military defense
alliances among different nations, imperialism, and nationalism.
14.Why was World War I considered a global war?
Because WW1 was fought on very continent except Australia and people from
all the continents fought in the war.

15.What impact did trench warfare have?

The battlefields were stalled making a war of fixed defenses and static lines.
In order to break the stalemate, men would charge from their trenches in an
attempt to capture an enemy trench. Machine guns, artillery, poison gas did
much to break up attacks and reinforce the stalemate at the front lines.
16.What were some new technology of World War I and how did they change
warfare?
Airplane, Submarine, Tank, Gas Poison, and Long Range Artillery.
17.Why did the United States enter World War I?
In 1915 Germany sunk Lusitania and killed 128 Americas with unrestricted
submarine warfare caused Germans to sink American ships without warning.
The Zimmerman Note send to Mexico to declare war on the U.S, on April 2,
1917 the U.S entered the WW1.

18.What role did Propaganda play in world war I?

The U.S printed off thousands upon thousands of anti-german posters, along
with having military style parades and marches through large cities. Britain,

Germany, and France all did the same they also used it to promote the army
and have people join in.

19.Why do some say the Treaty of Versailles set up World War II?
It made Germany look bad as a country and gave rise to Hitler.
20.What was the rule of the tsars/czars like?
The rule of the tsar/czar was like an emperor, full control of the whole
country/area.
21.Why were the serfs freed in Russia?
Feudal society has disappear slowly and serf life were the same even
though they were free because they lived on farm and farm for the rest
for their lives.
22.Did Bloody Sunday really change anything in Russia?
Bloody Sunday was supposed to be a wake up called for Russia, to get
prepare for what was coming but Russia went on and lost to the
Japanese.
23.What were some of the economic, political, and social causes of the Russian
Revolution?
Economics: most workers were poor
Political- abdication of Nicholas II
Social- Nobles vs. Russian Orthodox Church
24.How did the Russian Revolution change Russia? What stayed the same?
Russias dictatorship was over, which led to the creation of the USSR.
Russian orthodoxy stayed the same.