Surya 2011

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HISTORY OF HINDI LITERATURE-APPSC JL/DL/LPCET
(..to be continued...)
Note- For History of Hindi

Literature part -1 see 25 may
2011 PRAGNA Magazine
or visit our web site
www.suryaa.com
Md.Munvar Ali, M.A,HPT

Hindi Pandit,
KarimNagar
S.I. of Police: GENERAL ENGLISH

Words Often Confused
(Continued from last week)
21. Make ducks and drakes of : (squander)
Never make ducks and drakes of your money
on unnecessary things.
He inherited a vast fortune from his
deceased aunt and soon made ducks and
drakes of it.
22.beside................. besides
beside = by the side of
There is a house beside the sea.
besides = in addition to; further more;
Besides my two sons, my nephew too have
joined the army.
23.Abstract........... Extract
abstract = a brief summary;
He gave an abstract of the whole novel in
about 500 words.
Extract = a passage taken from a book;
This is an extract from Raja Rao's novel.
24.Alternative .................... Alternate
Alternative = an option;
There is no alternative to hard work if you
want to achieve success.
Alternate = two things coming one after the
other;
Day and night alternate with each other.
25.Confident ......... Confidential
Confident = sure;
I am confident of passing the examination.
Confidential = trusted; secret;
Please keep the matter confidential.
26. Eminent ................. Imminent
Eminent = great,
Nehru is an eminent writer.
Imminent = about to happen;
A battle between India and Pakistan is imminent.
27. Cogenial .......... congenital
Cognenial = suitable Agreeable
We can work better in cogenial surroundings.
Congential = from birth;
His blindness is congenital.
28.Distinct ............ Distinctive

distinct = seperate;
These two words are quite distinct though
they sound alike.
distinctive = characteristic;
The distinctive quality of our teacher is his
clarity.
29.Popular .......... Populous.
Popular = liked by people;
Nehru was a popular leader.
polulous = thickly populated;
Calcutta is a very populous city nowa days.
30.Estimate ......... Estimation - Esteem
estimate = calculation;
Before starting any project, we must prepare
an estimate of the expenditure.
estimation = opinion,
In my estimation, Chinua Achebe is a great
writer.
esteem = respect; I hold Dr.B.R.Ambedkar in
high esteem.
31.Imaginary ................. Imaginative
Imaginary = not real;

His fears are imaginary.
The characters in the novel of "kanthapura"
are imaginary.
imaginative = gifted with imagination; John
keats was a very imaginative poet.
32.Hole .......... Whole
hole = opening,
There is a hole in my pocket.
Whole = complete;
I have read the whole lesson.
33.Soar ........... Sore
Soar = go up;
Prices of every item are soaring.
Sore = painful;
I have a sore throat.
34.Weak ........Week
Weak = having no strength,
He is too weak to work in the hot sun.
week = seven days;
Our college works thorughout the week.
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11
Animals: Tiger, elephant, goat, cow.

4. Chiranjeevi has three children.
{$, {r$ V>Z E-$ - ^-st() { AO V V $aMy
Underline the nouns of the following
5. The C.M left for Delhi yesterday.
s, CMO A-$$ $$-y/yGy y{X r$ E^* #s$. C M>M$y AM H A
4. Adverb ({M* )
$ A (s-s)Z ---V> E-~
I V> ^$a$ A$ B sentences.
1. Ashoka was a great king.
Adverb is a word which qualifies ({M$
Er$. M$P ^rt A$ZM _a
A $_ $$$ rty. { sM
2. China has a large population.
$$MP V> $$MPV> $$$M {M$
s $y {$M, {$M $$Z
NV> A$#.
3. The Ganga is a sacred river.
$$MP V> A> ^ Adverb
$O $ $M$ A^ E CM* >{$ _ .$,
4.
Hyderabad
is
a
beautiful
city.
As
$)
2010, AV$tZ GsD E$ A
y.G. I s $$$ y$ (2008) Z
5.
English
is
an
international
language.
Note:
ly A$$ $ #
(s^ Ghs st&ss)$ ^ ~
CW s$ JM A^ B {M>
2.
The
Pronoun
(
$
)
Adverb
M
M $$. E----M$
$$_. GsD *YM> M$V$V> >
y.
The
names
which
use
instead
of
Nouns
quickly,
suddenly, slowly, neatly, daily,
yOMts B *P Gy$M ss kO 31
&1 , & 2 E$y
are
called
pronouns.
(
weekly,
monthly,
quarterly, halfyearly, yearly,
$
$V>
y
^ ~$$_.
1. Parts of speech
annually,
rarely,
panctually,
only, often every
$
(pronouns)
As
$
.
ssZ M>O$$V *$P$ 60 V>
2. Tenses
day,
every
month
etc.
There
are
many
pronouns
in
English
but
if
~$$ ^$. Z l, yZ y$3. Types of sentences
Underline the adverbs of the following sen
you mind the following pronouns you can
$ ss $. JM A _
4. Prepositions & Articles
tences.
answer
the
questions
under
this
part
easily.
A$$ M*y sh $$V$^$MyM
5. Degrees of comparison
1. Let us start now.
Subjective Objective Possessive Reflexive
G DM$ f$M>^$a. ssZ
6. DS &IDS
I
me
mine
myself
2. He writes the notes neatly.
*$PM$ yGZ 20 $$si$
M^$. {$M $$ 1 $y 5 V$M$

Z^ E$$$ & 1Z$, 6 $y 8
V$M$ Z^ E $$$ &2Z 60
*$P$ ^ Er$. y$
$$Z* Z^$M$ A$$ y$
Z* 60 *$P$ ^.
2012 f- > JMs $y 5 -V
M$ u>$ Z^$M$ yDy A-$$
*{$ A$$. D Mr-W $ -&1 > -$. 6,7,8 -V-$-M$ Z^$-M$ yDy,
Dy $ A$$.
ssZ â *$P MM.
y$-Z 20 $$-si C$-$
ssZ â *$P$ A-$ --$$ $$. 150 *$P$ V -&1 $$$ &2Z 60 *$P$ _ E-~
_ V> V$-$. A-$-M$ 50
$$$ G, Gt A-$-M$ 40 *$P$
>.
ss CX V> ^y.
ss &l $$$ llZ CXM$
_ # JM A$ E$$. -A$$
&llZ M A$ GM$PV> E$$.
s 3 V $y 8 V M* V
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V {V>$ t$ $~V> A^.
A$$ # A* $V$ $y$
$y _a Es$. M>st { A
JM y Z Ay $$.
CXO rt$ ^yM JM jM$t GMt
VY $, _sP$ $$M {y.
CX GMPy $y () H t $y
{ A $ $M, ^$
A$$ { BV> $$$rty
7. Question-tags
8. AV & PV
9. Use of phrases
10. Comprehension
11. Composition
12. Vocabulary
Cy$ $ &l , &ll Z M>$V>

# AZ $$rV> Parts of spech
( V>$) V$_ *sy$ M$.
1. PARTS OF SPEECH
We
us
ours
our selves
You
you
yours
yourself
You
You
yours
yourselves
She
her
hers
herself
He
him
his
himself
It
it
its
it self
They
them
theirs
themselves
Other pronouns:
No
No one
Nobody
Nothing
Every Everyone Every body Everything
Some Some one Somebody
Something
Underline the pronouns for the following
sentences.
1. I met Lavanya yesterday.
2. They will visit the Tajmahal tomorrow.
3. You are a good student.
4. Its raining now.
5. we are not your servents.
3. Verb ({M$)
A verb is a word which tells an action or
state or possession of the subject in the present.
(M (Subject) $$MP or , MY
Ey$r$ verb ({M$) As$.
action () : go, eat, drink, come
State () : am, was, were
Possession (MY Eyr) : have, has, had
verbs are divided into 2 types.
They are
1. Helping verbs or Auxiliary verbs
2. Main verbs
Helping verbs ($M {M$$): H {M$$
Parts As V $$$ Speech As

() *r$ A A. As V>$ A
A. CX Z AM M$O $ #$$
A$$ A Sentence (M)Z ^ st
s 8 V>$V> h^$. s Parts of
speech ( V>$) As$.
A$$ JM M> ^yZ $ ^*
1. The Noun ($^M)
Es* s $ {M$$ As$. C
2. The Pronoun ($)
24 M#. A:
3. Verb ({M$)
am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did,
4. Adverb ({M* )
have, has, had, will, would, can, could,
5. Adjective ()
may, might, shall, should, need to, dare to
6. Preposition (M)
used to must to ought to
7. Conjunction ($$â$)
Main verbs ({ {M$$):
8. Interjection (Ba>M)
$$ $ g { {M$$ (Main verb)
1. The Noun ($^M)
As
$. { Main verb M$ 3 *$ Es$$.
The names of persons, places, things,
animals, etc are called Nouns.
($$$ $$MP, $$MP, $# $$MP,
f$# $$MP $ $ Nouns
As$)
Eg: Persons: Lavanya, Kiran, Mumyth
khan.
Places: Hyderabad, Tirupathi, Valmiki
pu ram.
Things: table, pen, bat.
3. Murali was deaf too.

4. She works very care
fully.
5. He reads the Hindu
daily.
K.Venkata Ramana
Director K.V.R. Spoken English
Cell: 9959 310 234
5
b{ |\ JMA $VV$$y-f-W$ B{M-M-$ry$.,
|+ f$$ NV> $^$M--y-M y$^ . CZ $ y$V$s . $$yM M*y V$y f$. -fV>
Cs J-yZ Gs O V>-$ --y--$.
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--y--$. M> D ty {MM-r y-_
Mr E-$ GW-y$. Cs- f-W I-GZ sV A- Ba- $$^y$. A {M-V. V$ V-^- $$M$P
-$-M$ M ^-$. A A-$ ^$.
D {M u>$ $a--M$-$.
bs& + & . .
1. i-Z Gs Mt-$$-_a G-_, >y
M $Z Er$.
2. G-O $$ M$V-, *r ...
M *- $ f$ *{$.
3. , r$t-, {M$---, { Es Gs
f* A$$ ^-^$a.
4. H { $y _a, H M$r$ $y
_a Z Es G* f-* B$.
5. JMP _$--# Gs -P - O
G$-P--^$a.
6. $# Gs MtZ E....{-^-M
B A^-^$a.
7. G G$ G-W,
VY $ B-^$,
Mt Mt-$V> ^$.
BM -M~, IPS,
Ay-- G, MV*y
present form (v1) pastform (v2) past participle form (v3)

go
went
gone
eat
ate
eaten
Underline the verbs of the following
sentences.
1.The state govt ordered the collectors.
2. We have many problems.
3. Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated.
Email- gandhianpolicing@gmail.com
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T<ys+ 1 pH 2011
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drum
dub
Duck
Dudgeon
Dug
Dump
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Apparatus for dragging

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To sprinkle (flour, etc.)
A musical instrument
A long, narrow ridge of
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Confer knighthood upon
To give a new soundtrack
A deep pool in a stream
A water bird
To dive, dip under water
To bob the head
A kind of untwilled linen
Anger, sullen resentment,
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The root of the box tree
That has been dug
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A pile of refuse
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To demand payment with
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egg
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Embattle
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Entrain
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The organ of hearing

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Serious, grave
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To incite, urge
Older; senior in position
Tree of the genus
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To furnish with battlements
A smouldering piece of
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An anniversary, a recur
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To enfold in the arms
To fasten or fix with a
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One who embraces
One who tries to corrupt a
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To draw after, to bring as
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To put into a railway
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A unit of work done
Even
exact
exit
exon
explicit
express
eye
To watch,
to observe
An area of shifting sand

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The disease of ergot in
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Arguing, wrangling
An Australian wallaby
Currency of European
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Level, smooth, uniform
To make smooth or level
To a like degree, equally
Precisely agreeing in
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To compel to be paid or
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A passage or door, a way
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To depart, to leave a place
A corporal of the Yeomen
of the Guard
A segment of a gene con
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Plainly expressed, dis
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An old word equivalent to
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Direct, explicit, definitely
show or stated
To set out, to represent, to
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Just, reasonable, legiti
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Light in colour
Passably good
A funfair; a market
To pretend, simulate
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A ventilation or cooling
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An enthusiastic admirer
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fawn
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(11) Write a report on the accident in which
a motorcyclist was killed instantaneously
when he dashed a lorry, while over taking it.
LORRY HIT A MOTOR CYCLE MOTORIST DEAD
Hyderabad, March 1 (PTI) : During the last
hours of yesterday, near the Vijayawada - Hyd
erabad highway, a motorist was killed in a
accident when a lorry hit his motorcycle. The
driver of the lorry absconded leaving the lorry
deserted on the road. This road was marked
accident prone and proper care has to be taken
by the motorists. Police came to the spot to
enquire into the causes of the accident and
complete the necessary formalities. Such incidents became common on this road. The dead
body of the motorist was taken for post-mor
tem. Later it was handed over to the relatives.
Police are investigating to fnd out the owner
of the lorry. People in that area reported the
Police that the motorist was trying to overtake
the lorry when the accident occurred.
(12)Write a report as Assistant Manager to
the General Manager on a fire accident in
your factory. Imagine tat 3 workers died, 20
injured and property destroyed before fire
was controlled by Fire Service personnel.
A REPORT FROM Asst. MANAGER,
RAKESH MOHAN
To
The General Manager,
Alpha Motor Works Pvt. Ltd.,

Coimbatore.
Dear Sir,
I am report that our factory in
Rajahmundry caught fire yesterday because
of the short circuit in the godown. The fare
aggravated as the rubber tyres in the godown
quickly caught fire. Three workers bringing
stock from the godown were burnt alive.
About twenty workers near the godown were
Report Writing
injured before the fire personnel came and
controlled the flames. Rs. 15 lakh worth of
property got completely damaged and I am in
the process of claiming insurance. I request
you to provide monetary support for the families of the dead and injured workers.
Yours sincerely,
(Rakesh Mohan)
Assistant Manager.
(13)Write a report on the 'blood donation
camp held by the students' organisa-tions in
your town and the voluntary donations of
students on Republic Day.
Blood : The life saver
Vijayawada, Jan' 1 (PTI) : It was amazing
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to see a long queue of students, not in front of

a theatre, but at the entrance to a Blood Dona
tion Camp, organized by the local Vivekan
anda Youth Service Centre on the occasion of
the Republic Day. There was a tremendous
response to the call of the CENTRE's secretary to donate blood voluntarily. Services of
the personnel of local hospitals were sought to
collect, group and store blood. Hygienic conditions were taken proper care of. The
President of the Centre, speaking at the closing ceremony, highlighted the need to donate
'safe' blood. One of the donors was heard saying, "Real happiness lies NOT in Taking But
in Giving". How True !
(14)Write a report on the AIDS awareness
campaign held in your town, highlighting
safety measures that should be observed to
prevent the spread of the dreaded disease.
AIDS Awareness Camp in Nellore
Nellore, March 1 (PTI) : An AIDS awareness camp was held in Nellore. The participantswere enlightened about safety measures.
"The young must be ready against AIDS" said
the speakers. The other might be an AIDS
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method of greeting with kisses. They are
harmful. The camp was organised by help
youth of India - district wing. It was attended
by many college lecturers and students also.
(15)Write a report on the disappearance of
three students who went to a picnic?
Disappearance of Students - Picnic
Kurnool, March 1 (PTI) : Three students
who went for swimming into the river yesterday afternoon were drowned. They were caug
ht in a whirlpool and even their bodies were
not found. They were among the group of students who have come for a picnic from Kurn
ool. All of them belong to Coles Memorial
Junor College in Kurnool. The other students
cried for help. But it was of no use. The local
police have been reported to search for the bodies is going on.
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T<ys+ 2 |e] 2011
10 Class : ENGLISH
th
Complete the following words by using

ia, ai, ei, ie, ee, ea, ae, au, ou, uo
1. Court_____r (ie, ei)
2. P____pie
(eo, ea)
3. H____rd
(ea, ae)
4. Cr___ture
(ea, ia)
5. Appropr___te (ia, ie)
6. G___ rd
(au, ua)
7. Ch___ky
(ee, ea)
8. Impat__ntly
(ie, ia)
9. L__gh
(au, ua)
10. Thr___gh
(ou, uo)
11. S___ze
(ei, ie)
12. Spr___d
(ea, ae)
13. Exper__nce
(ie, ia)
14. Grad___lly
(ua, au)
15. Be___tiful
(au, ua)
16. L___rnt
(ea, ae)
17. App___r
(ea, ie)
18. P___ sant
(ea, ae)
19. Offic___l
(ia, ie)
20. L___st
(ea, ee)
21. Y___ ng
(ou, uo)
22. S__ med
(ee, ea)
23. M___ stache (ou, uo)
24. V___ce
(oi, io)
25. Ag___ nst
(ai, ia)
26. Nikol___uich (ae, ea)
27. Jardharg___n (ao, ea)
29. Fr___nd
(ie, ei)
30. Br___the
(ea, ee)
31. Ach___ve
(ie, ei)
32. T___cher
(ee, ea)
33. L__ding
(ea, ee)
34. Ero__n
(io, oi)
35.Ar__nd
(au, ou)
36. ch__n
(ai, ia)
37. r___ch
(ee,ea)
38. incr__se
(ea, ee)
39. infl___nce
(ue, ua)
40. acc__ntant
(ou, au)
41. rel__ve
(ie, ei)
42. m__n
(ee, ea)
43. million__re
(ai, ia)
44. r___lize
(ea, ia)
45. worr__d
46. rec__ve
47. afr__d
48. espec__lly
49. th__sand
50. bel__ve
51. Pi__se
52. bec__se
53. sold__r
54. c__rage
55. rest__rant
56. bur__d
57. arch__ology
58. tr__sure
59. rel__se
60. anc__nt
61. Egypt__n
62. cl__m
63. dr__m
64. aud__nce
65. tr__t
66. Gangyin__s
67. J___rney
68. tradit__nal
69. enc__rage
70. Europ__n
71. c___ntry
72. abr__d
73. gr__t
74. pr__d
75. expl__n
76. apprec___te
77. r___son
78. d___ry
79. cur__sity
80. tr__ble
81. Pi__sant
82. St__ned
83. agr__ment
84. d__ghter
85. accompan__d
86. sh___lder
87. shr__k
88. bl__d
89. 1___ther
(ie, ei)
(ei, ie)
(ai, ia)
(ia, ie)
(ou, au)
(ie, ei)
(ea, ee)
(au, ua)
(ie, ia)
(au, ua)
(au, ua)
(ie, ei)
(ae, ea)
(ea, ae)
(ea, ee)
(ie, ia)
(ia, ie)
(ai, ia)
(ee, ea)
(ie, ia)
(ea, ee)
(ou, au)
(ou, au)
(ai, io)
(ou, uo)
(ea, ia)
(ou, ou)
(oa, ao)
(ea, ae)
(au, ou)
(ai, ia)
(ia, ie)
(ea, ee)
(ia, ai)
(io, ai)
(ou, uo)
(ea, ae)
(ai, ia)
(ee, ea)
(au, ua)
(ie, ei)
(ou, au)
(ie, ei)
(ea, oo)
(ea, ae)
90. r__se
(ai, ia)
91. music___n
(ia, ie)
92. compan___n (ia, io)
93. 1___utnent
(ie, ea)
94. qu__ t
(ie, ei)
95. mount___n
(ai, ia)
96. obed___nce
(ie, ea)
97. Non v ___ lence (oi, io)
98. p___se
(ua, au)
99. r___ listic
(ea, io)
100. p___ rcing
(ie, ei)
ANSWERS
1.ie 2. ea 3. ea 4.ea 4.ia 6. ua 7. ee

8. ie 9.au 10. ou 11. ei 12.ea 13. ie
14. ua 15. au 16. ea 17. ea 18. ea
19. ia 20. ea 21. ou 22. ee 23. ou
24. oi 25. ai 26. au 27. ao 28.ea 29.
ie 30. ea 31. ie 32. ea 33. ea 34. io
35. ou 36. ai 37. ea 38. ea 39. ue
40. ou 41. ie 42. ea 43. ai 44.a 45.
ie 46. ei 47. ai 48. ia 49. ou 50. ie
51.ea 52. au 53. ie 54. ou 55. au 56.
ie 53. ae 58. ea 59. ea 60.ie 61. ia
62.ai 63.ea 64. ie 65. ea 66.ou 67.ou
69. ou 68. io 69.ou 70. ea 71.ou 72.
oa 73. ea 74. ou 75.ai 76. ia 77.ea
78. ia 79. io 80. ou 81. ea 82. ai
83.ee 84. au 85.ie 86. ou 87.ie 88.
oo 89.ea 90. ai 91 . ia 92 . io 93. ie
94. ie 95. ai 96. ie 97.io 98. au 99.ea
100.ie
1. Const ___
(antly, ently)
2. Prob___
(ably, obly)
3. Unfortuna___ (ately, tly)
4. Happ___
(ened, nd)
5. Appropri___ (ate, ete)
6. Punish___
(merit, ment)
7. Vout___
(ine, ene)
8. Sudd___
(enly, anly)
9. Immedia___ (tely, tly)
10. Brisk___ly
(ly, ely)
11. Impatien___ (tely, tly)
12. Experi___
(ence, ance)
13. Respon___
(cible, sible)
14. Illiter___
15. Peas___
16. Govern___
17. Success___
18. Moust___
19. Enve___
20. Unthink___
21. Electri___
22. Mulb___
23. Atmos___
24. Import___
25. Nurs___
26. Confer___
27. Milli___
28. Farm____
29. Obedi___
30. Respon___
31 Account___
32 Cert____
33 Myster____
34. Million___
35. Dr____
36. Especial___
37. Val____
38. Particul____
39. Thous____
40. Beauti____
41. Influ____
42. Correspond__
43. Lieutn____
44. Illiter____
45. Differ____
46. Restaur____
47. Grate____
48. Audi____
49. Auditor____
50. Perform____
51. Uncrush____
52. Prop____
53. Amput____
54. Gangr____
55. Passion____
56. Journ____
57. Par____
58. Bal____
(ate, ete)
(ant, ent)
(ment, mant)
(full, ful)
(ache, eche)
(lope, lop)
(able, ble)
(city, sity)
(emy, amy)
(fere, phere)
(ant, ent)
(ary, ery)
(ence, ance)
(ion, eon)
(er, ar)
(ence, ance)
(sible, cible)
(ant, ent)
(ainly, ianly)
(ious, eous)
(aire, iere)
(ily, yly)
(iiy, ly)
(tey, ey)
(ar, er)
(and, end)
(full, ful)
(ence, ance)
(ant, ent)
(ant, ent)
(ate, ete)
(ant, ent)
(ant, ent)
(ful, full)
(ence, ance)
(eum, ium)
(able, ble)
(erly, arly)
(ate, ete)
(ance, ence)
(enous, inous)
(ate, ete)
(ey, y)
(ent, ant)
(ance, asfi.)
PARABOLA
Inter Maths II(B)
Prove that the poles of normal chords of the

parabola y2=4ax lie on the curve (x+2a)
y2+4a3=0
Sol:- Given eq of parabola y2=4ax ---> (1)
The eq of normal chord of the parabola is
y+xt = 2at + at3
=> x(t)+y - (2at+at3) = 0 ----> (2)
Let P(x1y1) be the pole of (2) w.r.t (1)
The eq of polar of 'p' w.rt eq (1) is
yy1-2a(x+x1) = 0
=> x(-2a)+y(y1)+(-2ax1) = 0 ---- > (3)
eq (2) & (3) represent same lines,
t/-2a = 1/y1 = +(2at+at3)/+2ax1
=> 1/-2a - 1/y1 ---> t = -21/y1 ---(4)
=> t/-2a = 2at+at3/2ax1 => - t = 2at+at3/x1
=> -x1t = 2at + at3
=> -x1(-2a/y1) = 2a (-2a/y1)+a(-2a/y1)3 (from 4)

=> 2ax1/y1 = -4a2y12-8a4/y13
=> 2a(x1/y1) = -2a(2ay12+4a3)/y13y12
=> - x1y12 = 2ay12+4a3
=> x1y12+2ay12+4a3 = 0
=> (x1+2a)y12 + 4a3 = 0
The locus of 'p' is (x+2a)y2+4a3=0
Prove that the poles of tangents to the para
bola y2=4ax with respect to the parabola
y2=4bx lie on Q parabola. (May 2009)
Sol:- Given eq of parabola y2=4ax ----> (1)
The eq of any tangent to (1) is of the form
y=max+a/m ---> (2)
Let P(xy1) be the pole of (2) wrt
y2 = 4bx ---> (3)
Then the polar of 'p' w.rt (3) is s1=0
i.e. yy1-2b(x+x1) = 0 => yy1=2bx+2bx1 ----> (4)

eq (2) & (4) represent the same lines comparing the coefficients.
1/y1 = m/2b = a/m/(abx1) => 1/y1 = m/2b
=> m/2b = a/2bmx1 => 2b/y1 = m
=> m2 = a/x1 Now, m2 = a/x1 (2b/y1)2 = a/x1
=> 4b2/y12 = a/x1 => 4b2x1/a = y12
y12 = (4b2/a)x1
The pole 'p' lines on the parabola y2 = (4b2/a)x
Show that the poles of chords of a parabola
y2=4ax which subtend a right angles at ver-
59. Langu____
60. Charact____
61. Achievem___
62. Adolsc___
63. Enchantm___
64. Strang___
65. Serious___
66. Husb___
67. Curio ___
68. Usua___
69. Should___
70. Desc____
71. Independ____
72. Childr___
(age, ege)
(er, or)
(ent, ant)
(ent, ant)
(ant, ent)
(ely, ly)
(ely, ly)
(and, end)
(sity, city)
(iiy, iy)
(er, ar)
(and, end)
(ent, ant)
(en, an)
ANSWERS
1. antly
3.tiy
5.ate
7.ine
9.tely
11.tly
13. sible
15. ant
17. ful
19. lope
21. city
23. phere
25. eny
27. ion
29. ence
31. ant
33. ious
35. yles
37. ley
41. ence
45. ent
49. ium
53. ate
57. ent
61. ent 63. ent
65. ly
67. sity
69. er
71. ent
2. ably
4. ened
6. ment
8. enly
10. ly
12. ence
14. ate
16. ent
18. ache
20. able
22. erry
24. ant
26. ence
28. er
30. sible
32. ainly
34. aive
36. lly
39. and
43. ant
47. ful
51. able
55. ate
59. age
P.N.Bhaskar Rao
School Asst.
Nellore
tex, lies on a line parallel to its directrix.

(June 2005, March 2008)
sol:- Given eq of parabola y2=4ax --->(1)
Let p(x1y1) be the pole
The poles of chord of 'p' w.rt (1) is
yy1-2a(x+x1) = 0 yy1-2ax-2ax1=0
yy1-2ax=2ax1 => yy1-2ax/2ax1 = 1 ----> (2)
The Equation of pair of lines LA and L1A is
obtained by homogenising the eq (1) with the
help of (2); The comined equation of LA and
L1A is
y2 = 4ax (yy1-2ax/2ax1)
y2=4ax (1)
2
=> x1y =2x(yy1-2ax) => x1y2=2xyy1-4ax2
=> x1y2-2xyy1+4ax2=0 => (4a)x2-2xyy1+(x1)y2 = 0
But LAL1 = 900, i.e eq (3) represents a pair of
r lines, then coeff of x2+coeff of y2 = 0
i.e., 4a + x1 = 0 => x1 = -4a
'p' lies on x = -4a and it is ||
to the directrix x = a. Hence
the result.
A.V.PHANEENDRA SARMA
Sr. Lecturer in Mathematics
achikuchi.phaneedra@gmail.com
10
T<ys+ 2 e] 2011
|C nqT+<+
th
10
CLASS ENGLISH
Letter Writing
(1)Write to the Manager, applying for the post of Jr. Asst.,
Place:
Date:
To
The Manager,
Kalyani & Co.,
HYDERABAD.
(4) Write a letter to the Editor of the Newspaper about the

nuisance of beggers:
Place:
Date:
To
The Editor,
The Indian Express,
HYDERABAD.
Sir,
Gentlemen,
I would like to apply for the post of Jr. Assistant advertised in to-day's Indian Express.
I am twenty. I have passed the S.S.C examination in first
class. I have taken a course in typewriting and computer.
I herewith enclose some testimonials and would refer you
to the Headmaster of the School for my character.
If I am given the post, I can assure you I will do my best
to give you satisfaction.
Envelop
Yours truly,
xxxxx
(2) Write a letter to the Sub-Inspector of Police complaining
the theft of valuable things.
Place:
Date:
To
The Sub-Inspector of Police,
I Town Police,
HYDERABAD.
Sir,
I am sorry to bring to your notice that the thefts are
common in our locality. When it becomes dark, people will
affraid with thieves. The thieves break into the houses and take
precious things by threatening the owners. Recently the
thieves rushed in a house and made off with jewels when the
owners were on pilgrimage. The people living here are in great
fear. So I request you to make patrolling at night and avoid
thefts.
Envelop
Yours faithfully,
xxxxx
(3) Write a letter to the Postmaster complaining to make
enquiry and handover the registered parcel:
Place:
Date:
To
The Postmaster,
Head Post office
HYDERABAD.
Sir,
I would like to bring to your kind notice that my
uncle sent a registered parcel to me containing the valuables. I
have not received it till now. He sent it by the Registered post
20 days ago.
I shall be obliged if you kindly make enquiry and
handover the registered post as the earliest.
Envelop
Yours faithfully,
I would like to bring to your notice about the nuisance of beggers. Now a days begging is a royal duty to abled
and disabled persons. They are being seen at the temples, theaters and important places. They demand for their alms. Some
abled persons will be changed as thieves at night. The
Government does not seem to take any action. They are burden
on Society. Hence I request the officers concerned to pay the
attention on this problem.
Envelop
Yours faithfully,
Xxxx
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
QUESTIONS &ANSWERS
THE KING AND THE TAMARIND DRUM
(1) Do you agree that the king's love and admiration for
himself was abnormal?
(A) He looked at himself constantly in mirror, in pools of water
even in other pupil's eyes when they spoke to him. So the
king's love and admiration for himself was abnormal.
(2) How did the God punish the king?
(A) The God punished the king by making two horns on his
head.
(3) The king warned the barber against doing something.
What was it?
(A) The king warned the barber not to reveal the secret that he
had horns on his head.
(4) Did the barber succeed in covering the king's horns
completely?
(A)The barber was not succeeded . He covered the king's horns
partially.
(5 )What happened when the royal musician played the
tamarind drum?
(A) When the royal musician played the tamarind drum it
intoned the Raja had horns on his head instead of "thum
thum, thum" sound.
(6) The change came over the king when he was in forest.
What was it?
(A) The king learnt about the beauty of the world around him.
He learnt to care for creatures smaller than himself. He
grew strong, wise and selfless.
(7)When did the king realise his horns had disappeared?
(A)While he was cupping his hands he saw his reflection. He
found that his horns had disappeared.
UNWRITTEN REGISTRY (POEM)

(1) What is first item in the poet's list of lovely things?
(A) The first item in the poet's list is " a river kissed by sun".
(2) The poet uses the two words day and night? Why?
(A) The poet's list and the Reader's list are different. Each has
a list of lovely things and strangely similar to each other.
(3) In whose list do flowers appear?
(A) In Reader's list.
(4) What does the poet compare beautiful music to?
(A) The poet compares beautiful music to gently and continuous falling of snow.
(5) What make the poets and the Reader's list strangely
similar?
(A)The two lists warm the heart and give happiness.
POLYA
xxxxx
(1) Who was Polya?
(A) Polya was an illiterate

woman.
(2) Who was Ivan?
(A) Ivan was a responsible
government Officer.
(3) Why was Ivan not happy with his wife?
(A)Ivan's wife does not know even to write her name. So he
was not happy with is wife.
(4) What did Polya find inside Ivan's jacket?
(A) She found a letter in Ivan's jacket.
(5) What did Polya make to read the letter?
(A) The letter was a nice clean one with neat handwriting and
slight scent of perfume.
(6) When did she realize to learn to read and write?
(A)When Polya found a mysterious letter in her husband's
jacket she realized to learn to read and write.
(7) What made Polya suspicious?
(A) Ivan took more care of moustache and clothes.
(8) How did Polya learn to read and write?
(A) She put together the words, learn to form the letters and
memorise sentences.
(9) Why did Polya feel "secretly insulted"?
(A) She suspected Ivan's behaviour. She knew that the letter was
written by Maria Blokhines. Then she felt secretly insulted.
CHIPKO
(1) What do the forests bear?(Produce)
(A) The forest produce soil, water and pure air.
(2) What is the main aim of the Chipko movement?
(A) Better land use, nursery management and reforestation.
(3) Why is Bahuguna so keen on preventing deforestation
in the Himalayas?
(A) Himalayas are destroying if they are not saved and India
will be turned into desert.
(4) Do you think that he was influenced by Gandhiji methods ?
(A) Bahuguna was influenced by Gandhiji methods nonviolence and disobedience to British rule. On foot marches he
spread the Chipko messages.
(5) Bahuguna started a movement in the 70's against the
contract system. Why?
(A) Bahuguna started a movement for stopping commercial
falling of trees in the Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh.
(6) Why have women led the fight against deforestation?
(A) For fuel and fodder.
JIMMY JET AND TV SET(Poem)

(1) Did Jimmy watch only some of the programmes on TV
or all of them? What happened to Jim as a result?
(A) Jim watched all the programmes on TV. As a result he
grew pale and lean.
(2) Several funny things happen to Jim. Which of them do
you think is the funniest?
(A) The funniest thing is his chin turned into a tuning dial.
FINANCIAL CARRIER
(1) I knew this beforehand what did the narrator know
before hand?
(A) His salary raised to fifty dollars a month and he felt that
the bank was the only place for it.
(2) What made the manager think that the narrator worked for
Pinkerton's Detective Agency?
(A) His mysterious manner made the manager that the narrator
worked for Pinkerton's Detective Agency.
(3) Why did the narrator try to look like a man with a quick
temper?
(A) The narrator thought that some one had insulted him while
he was writing the cheque. He wanted to withdraw all the
money.
(4) The narrator made one last mistake before
leaving the bank?
(A) He had drawn the whole money what he
deposited in the bank.
P.N.Bhaskar Rao, School Asst. Nellore
T<ys+ 2 e] 2011
|C nqT+<+
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f@ M$ { = 0.8 gm/cc = 0.8 gm cm-3
7. JM f , f * A$
V$$ Gy* AZ ^$.
*V> E$$. x& A ^ M 13. fy As H$s? M fy$?
G?
f@ {$$ y$, >$
f@ f A = Fsin
Z E $# >$Z EysM ^
Z E $# V MVsM {$
f * A = Fcos
$. $# $$MP D > fy
$y Fsin = Fcos
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sin = cos => sin/cos = 1 => tan=1
$ $ fy. $# {>
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fyM MV> $M^$a.
C_a $ M$$ = 450
8. y$ *$ 3 $$$ 5 $* 14. {^ As H$s? SI {*$,
r$. C 600 M ^$s
$$ {$y?
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* G?
^ $$$ M>$$ {^$$
f@ P = 3 $*r$
As$.
Q = 5 $*r$
{^ J = $$ x M>$$
= 600
{*$$ @ *r & M$
R = P2+Q2+2PQcos = (3)2+(5)2+(2x3x5x1/2)
15. VfM $$$ {V> $
= 9+25+15 = 49 => 7 $*r$
>$y?
9. A= i-j M$ X- A>M $V M G?
f@ VfM K.E = 1/2(mv2)
f@ A = i - j
= xi+yj
{V$$ P = mv => v = P/m
A x & A ^$$M A$$
{V$$, VfM$ $ $$
KE = p2/2m
tan = y/x
tan = -1/1 => = 450
16.D M A*Z H oM > V>

Er$. 1. M A*
10. y$ V> E *$ 7
2. AM A*
$$$ 24 $*r$. D M
f@ 1) M A*Z {V> $$$$,
â * G?
V M$ $$$$ y* V> Es$$.
f@ P = 7 $*r$
E $$ A$# $ A*$.
5. y#, $$MP {*$ $V$ r$
Q = 24 $*r$
2) A M A*Z {V> $$
_, y {* G r$ $V$$.
= 900
2
2
2
*{$ V> Ey$$. VfM M>$.
f@ y P1 = /O$$ = F/L
* R = P +Q
E Vy$ M$r, y$ M$$
F, L {*$$ 4 r$ W^ y P2 =
= (7)2+(4)2 = 49+576 = 625 = 25 $*r$
$ A*$$.
4F/(4L)2 = 4F/16 1/4.(F/L2)= P1/4 AV> 11. 5 kg {> V JM $# V 4i+2j-k
17. { V$M> __, M,
y$$ 4 r$ V$Y$.
ms-1 {V G?
AM A*M$ { V$M
6. {>, y#, M>, {*$ st# ^ f@ m = 5kg, v = (4i+2j-k) ms-1
$$ Py?
M {* H V> *$$?
{V P = MV = 5 (4i+2j-k)
f@ A* $$$ B $#$ $^
f@ MM $ $ = ML2T-2
= 20i+10j-5k kg.ms-1
V>M $$$ A* > $#$ y
E = ML2/T2
12. JM {M Q {M G?
$ V>M $ V {
MM * {*$ E1=(2m)(2L)2/(2T)2 f@ {M $$MP {M Q a = g
V$M As$. e *_$.
= (2m)(4L2)/4T2 = 2 (ML2/T2)= 2E
{M>Z $# ^ H V> EsM
1gm = 10-3 kg
1 cm = 10-2 m
{ S.I $ = 0.8 x (10-3 kg) x (10-2m)-3
= 0.8 x 10-3 x 106 kgm-3
= 0.8x103 kgm
CHEMISTRY- I
15. > fy $$#$ $^
{M {M$ *$$$ {$$$$.
^y?
JMPMP {M$ y$ *$P$.(10 x 2 = 20) 16. > fy $$#$ $^
Section - A
^y?
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2. 2700C 5 * O{sZf $$MP VM
*$ ^ ^y?
MP Vrty (M>Z).
18.s$ (K) = 26.57, {M$$ (Cr) =
3. Na2CO3 $$MP $M> M$Vy.
35.36, BMf (O) = 38.07. $ V JM
4. $$ Q AV>$? NaCl, CsCl Z
$$$ $$MP AM $$ M$MPy.
$$ Q$ y?
(K, Cr, O *$ >$ 39, 52&16).
5. >O O{yf { y?
Section - C
6. Os $$$ y$Os $$ {$y?
7. G*$$ AV>$? JM E III. {M {M$ HO y$ {M$ *{$
*$$$ {$$$$. JMPMP {M$
y?
G$ *$P$.
(2 x 8 = 16)
8. Etg ^ AV> $? JM E y?
19.
Z
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{
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9. COD $$$ TLV $ _^y?
f
s
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$$# $ y?
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Section - B
Ms GM$P G$M$. $$$ A$M M
II. {M {M$ HO B$ {M$ *{$
{ ^$$ A$ ^y?
*$$$ {$$$$. JMPMP {M$ 21. C *$ ^ HO $*y$ $$
$V$ *$P$.
(6 x 4 = 24)
A D {M s G ^ f$#
11. 270C. 2 $$# $$MP RMS V>
^y.
MP^y?
(a) Br2 / Ccl4 (b) O3
12. $ > O{yf >My (c) >M (d) $ M
* ^y?
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13. SP3d2MM JM E ^y?
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14. Z>M N V$_ ^y?
I.
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V$$/ AV$ V$$.
N~ M A*M e = 1
AM A*M e <1
N~ AM A*M e =0
18. "h' G$$y aêV> MM y JM $#
*$ M $ h/4 G$M$ OM B
$#M$ *$M $ { V$M
G?
f@ h1 = h, h2 = h/4
e = h2/h1 = (h/4)/h
= 1/4 = 0.25 = 0.5
19. Gst $Z $# {> M{, V$

$$ HM$$?
f@ HM V$ {Z $# () {>.
M{, V$ HM$$.
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CHEMISTRY- II
I.
{M {M$ *$$$ {$$$$.

JMPMP {M$ y$ *$P$.(10 x 2 = 20)
Section - A
1. y $$s $$$ >$y.

2. C $s$ AV>$?
3. G{sZ. $ G{sZ$ AV>$?
4. ^~ __, ^y.
5. POg As H$s?
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$$y.
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9. M {M As H$s? M $y
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15. {{M$ V$_ ^y.
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17. A$$? D
^y.
18. A$M, gsM My$ ^y.
Section - C
{M {M$ HO y$ {M$ *{$

*$$$ {$$$$. JMPMP {M$
G$ *$P$.
(2 x 8 = 16)
19. ^ r$ A* Z $$R
$ $y.
Section - B
20. CO BP *$ ^$$ H y$
$$ .HO $V$ $
II. {M {M$ HO B$ {M$ *{$
^$ >$y.
*$$$ {$$$$. JMPMP {M$
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^$; HO $V$
11. M> $$ $y. $$MP
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12. {V $M$ E^y .
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III.
T<ys+ 2 e] 2011
|C nqT+<+

(Continued...from Last week.)
7. A Rolling Stones Gathers No Mass

One who decides the goal of his life and
continues his efforts in one direction gains
success step by step. But some people are not
stable in their lives. They want to have wealth
or prominence in a short period of time. Reac
hing the threshold of success they skip to
something else. The goal is changed whatever was gained earlier is lost. Shifting from one
job to another, one aim to another, one party
to another they do not consolidate their position anywhere. With an humble investment a
Modi or a Dalma becomes an Indus trial giant
while a highly qualified technocrat may no
gain prominence if he often changes the cour
se of his life. A leader shifting from party to
party is lost in the wildness of politics. Selec
tion of a right job, perserverance and devotion
take a man to the summit. Shifting sands of
way ward ness are blown away by the strong
winds of tough competition.
in the interest of the rich. Indirect taxes are

increased at the cost of the poor. The rich gain
advantage not simply in framing the laws but
in their interpretations too. Even judiciary
cannot help the poor. The poor always lose a
suit for they can neither have a good advocate, nor can they bride those who can get the
things mended. The rich can afford all these
and get the things manipulated in their favour.
Thus laws grind the poor both ways.
9. Science is more a destroyed

than a Creator.
10. Knowledge is power

Even in the past it was not only physical
strength that gave power to a king or a nation.
It was the material skill, the knowledge of
new ammunitions given by scientific research
that gave supremacy to a nation over the
other. The knowledge of oil technology gave
power to the USA and England over all countries of the Middle East. It was the knowledge
Expansion
The rich is always an upper hand in the soc

iety. With the changing norms of morality and
idealism only the rich can afford to contest an
election. Thus most of the members of the legi
slatures i.e. the law making bodies are either
rich men or their representatives or stooges.
Naturally the laws are framed in the interest
of the rich. A rich finance minister would en
act laws giving relief in direct taxes which is
Science has nothing to do with creation. It

sustains life, it discovers the mysteries of nat
ure. It can sustain and prolong life through me
dical innovations. Its creation is limited to the
breeding process both of beneficent and malig
nant bacteria; life cells it has not been able to
create. But destroyed it is. It may be a destruction in favour of man or against him. But Scie
nce has established itself as the earth. Begin
ning, with fire at its early stage to destroy
forests and foes both men and animals, it has
developed its potentiality to bring about the
holo caust of the Hiroshima or a Nagasaki wit
hin moments. It can create, devils like nuclear
war-heads on missiles, chemical bombs and
computers to decide war strategy in spilt sec-
(V $$$...)
Shortcut :
8. Laws Grind the Poor and Rich

Men Rule the Laws ?
ond accuracy to annihilate life from this beautiful planet forever.
of the Gre eks that gave them supremacy over

Europe in the pre-Christian era.
11. Education should be for Life

not for Livelihood
To educate, according to webster's dictionary, means to advance the mental asethetic, ph
ysical or moral development. The subsidiary
meaning is to qualify by instruction for the
business and duties of life, to instruct, to train,
to rear. The accidents believed that education
means not only to know what a man doest not;
but to act as he should and does not. A Sans
krit scripture says that education is meant to
expand the horizons of knowledge. Thus the
Shortcut :
H y$ Q Y$$ $$ = B y$ x $$MP $$s n V$f$$ $$$$

*y & 5
Q ($$) x ()
[(x x n)(n+1)/2]
$*y$ Q 4:5:6 s > 20 = 25 x 5 = 75
C^r x = 5, n = 60
A$$ sZ Q$ M$V$$$? (RRB, $$ {$^y @
[(5x60)(60+1)/2]
APPSC)
= (300x61)/2
6) y$ Q $$ 28 s $ 12
Shortcut :
= 18300/2
A$$ B y$ Q Y$$ $$$
Cy Q 4:5:6
= 9150
M$V$$$?
Q AV> 6 V$$$
M$M 5 $$MP $$s 60 V$f$$ $$$$
*
y
&
7
> = >$ $$/>$ Q
9150 AV$$.
$$s 25 Q $$$$$ M$V$$$?
(4+5+6)/3 = 15/3 = 5
$$ {$^y @
M$M Cy Q > 5 AV$$.
5 --------> 20
6 --------> G? = (6/5) x 20 = 120/5 = 24
M$M Q $ 24M$ *$$ AV$$.
$$ {$^y @
5) $*y$ Q 7:8:9 s > 40
8) 10 $$MP $$s 50 V$f$$ $$$$$
(RRB, S.I)
A$$ sZ Q$ M$V$$$?
M$V$$$?
Shortcut :
*y & 6
*y & 9
$$s 'n' Q $$$$ n2 AV$$.
y$ Q $$ 25 s $ 5 A$$ C^r n = 25
JM Q$ 25^ W_ $$ 7 ^$a$. A
B y$ Q Y$$ $$$ M$V$$$? 252 = 625
f$ @ M> y$ Q$ a, b M$M $$s 25 Q $$$$ 625 Q$ 5^ W_ ^$a $$$ M$V$$$?
(SI, RRB, APPSC)
A$M$$$. (a>b)
AV$$.
Shortcut :
$$ {M>$$ (a+b) = 25, (a-b) = 5
$$ {$^y
2
2
y$ Q Y$$ $$ AV> a -b 7) $$s 30 Q $$$$$ M$V$$$? 5 A$ 25 $$MP M>M$$ M$M 7$
5^ W^V> ^$a $$ f$ AV$$.
M$V$$ A$$.
5) 7 (1
*
y
&
8
2
2
a -b = (a+b)(a-b) = 25x5 = 125
5
M$M B y$ Q Y$$ $$ 125 5$$MP $$s 60 V$f$$ $$$$$
&&&&&
2
M$V$$$?
AV$$.
d+U eed (Number System)
aim of education is to rear in a way that his

whole personality is so developed that he bec
omes useful both himself and the society. One
can earn even without education - Modi beca
me an industrial giant. An artisan learns the
ways of earning from his forefathers. It rather
than irony that those who think of education
as a source of livelihood remain unemployed?
and those who adopt he real source earn thousands per month from petty stalls.
12. Birds of a feather flock together

It is the common trait of people that bring
them together. Go to the Chambal Valley, you
find dacoits. To see the old men flocking toget
her in the morning in the parks, in the evening
of their lives, is a common sight. The good
would unite to bring relief to the poor while
the fundamentalists would come together to
deprive Muslim women of their right. They
would cross the party lines for they share the
male chauvinism in considering women to be
living at their mercy. Mafias would flock tog
ether in the ruling party while psychopants
would flock round the leader. It may look a bit
queer that the sense of flocking together is
more common among the
vice than among the
noble.
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
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Civils (Prelims)Syllabus
Paper-1
Current events of national and international importance.
History of India and Indian National
Movement.
Indian and World Geography - Physical,
Social, Economic Geography of India
and the World.
Indian Polity and Governance -Constit
ution,Political System, Panchayati Raj,
Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Economic and Social Development Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inc
lusion,Demographics, Social Sector
initiatives, etc.
General issues on Environmental Ecolo
gy, Bio-diversity and Climate Change that do not require subject specialisation.
General Science.
Paper-11
Comprehension
Interpersonal skills including commun
cation skills;
Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Decision-making and problemsolving
General mental ability
Basic numeracy (numbers and their
relations, orders of magnitude, etc.)
(Class X level), Data interpretation
(charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency
etc. - Class X level)
English Language Comprehension
skills (Class X level).
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Section - A
I.Answer all questions from the following.
1. Who invented the electron microscope
and what is its use?
2. Which aerial stem modification is concerned with vegitative propagation? Give
two examples?
3. Define leafmosaic type of Phyllotaxy?
Give example?
4. What are the modifications of bracts,
bracteols and perianth lobel in a compound spike?
5. The sequence of Nitrogen bases in one
strand of DNA is GCTATGCCATGC.
What is the sequence present on the opposite strand?
6. What is viviparous seed germination?
Give an example?
7. What is crossingover? what is its significance?
8. What is Tautonymy? Give an example?
9. Hydrophytes show reduced xylem why?
10. Define the terms phenotype and genotype?
Section - B
II. Answer any six questions
------------------------------------------------------Time: 3 Hours]
[Max.Marks : 100
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12. What is Adelphy? Explain different types
of adelphy of stamens?
13. Describe the structure and functions of the
cellorganelle that is concerned with protein synthesis?
14. Write the differences between Mitosis and
Meiosis.
15. Describe the essential organs of Malvaceae.
16. Which tissue secreets water? Explain its
structure with the help of a diagram.
17. Explain the classification of Xerophytes?
ECONOMICS - I
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Alphones Jr. College

Karimnagar
thalophyte that is studied by you?
Section - A
I. Answer all the questions
1. Define Hetero thallism in which species of
Rhizopus it is seen?
2. How coralloidroot is useful for cycas plant?
3. What is a mesosome? mention the functions that is perform?
4. Define TON of an enzyme?
5. How is Azolla helpful as bio-fertilizer?
6. Differentiate between turgidcell and flac-
13. Write the differences between Lytic and
7.
Section - C
III.Answer any two questions
19. Describe different types of leaf modifications along with suitable example and diagrams
20. Explain various kinds of ovules with
examples
21. Describe the internal structure of Monocot
stem with a neat lablled diagram.
Dr. Ch.Srinivas, Lecturer
12. Explain the structure of prothallus of Pteris.
BOTANY MODEL PAPER

18. Why did Mendal selected pea plant for his
experiments?
Time : 3 hrs
[Max.Marks : 100
I. Answer any 3 of the following questions.
(3x10 = 30)
1. Explain the law of diminishing marginal
utility with the help of diagram. ?
2. Explain the law of variable proportions
and write its importance?
3. Define perfect competition. Explain how
price is determined under it?
4. What are the various methods to compute
national income?
5. Discuss various methods of debt redumption?
II. Answer any 8 of the following questions.
(8x5=40)
6. Write about Jacob Viner's definition of
economics?
7. Define macro economics.what is its
importance?
8. Why demand curve has a negative slope?
9. Explain point method to measure elasticity of demand.
10. What is the importance of elasticity of demand?
11. List out the Properties of Indifference curve?
12. What are the determinents of supply?
13. Explain the factors that determine real wages.
14. What are the sources of public revenue?
15. Supply creates its own demand explain?
16. What are the difficulties of the barter system?
17. Explain various types of inflation?
III. Answer any 15 of the following questions.
(15x2=30)
18. Intermediary goods 19. Price
20. Deductive method 21. Giffen's Paradox
22. ISO - Utility curve 23. Indifference map
24. Fixed Factors
25. Opportunity Cost
26. Diseconomics
27. Local market
28. Price diescrimination 29. Oligopoly
30. Contract rent
31. Net Interest
32. Disposable Income 33. Per Capita Income
34. Deficit Budget
35. Over drafts 36. Liquidity
37. Reserve Money
8.
9.
10.
cidcell.
What is meant by triple response growth?
which hormone causes it?
Define apoplast and symplast?
What is shepherds crook? Name the bacterium responsible for its formation?
Name the mushroom which emits light in
the dark write briefly about it?
Section - B
II.Answer any 6 questions.
11. Describe the cell structure of an autotrophic
Lysogenic Cycles?
15. Describe the mechanism of the opening
and closing the stomata.
16. Bringout the differences between C3 and
C4 plants.
17. Describe the aims and objectives of plant
breeding.
18. Explain any four physiological effects of
Auxins?
Section - C
III.Answer any two questions.
19. Explain the structure of Funaria capsule
by the help of a neat lablled diagram?
20 .Describe the respiratory pathway which
is common for both aerobic and anerobic
respirations.
21. Explain various steps
in recombinant DNA
technology.
M.RAGHAVENDRA
Sr. Lecturer in Botany
Cell: 9030700770
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T<ys+ 3 >d 2011
a, an, the
ARTICLES
are called pointing words or

ARTICLES.
Look at the sentence : The boy kicked a
ball into an orchard.
Sometimes there is a describing word
between the pointing word and the naming word, like this : The little boy
kicked an old ball into a big orchard.
. The second thing we must note is that

we use an instead of a before a word
that begins with a vowel. There are five
vowels :
a, e , i , o , u
In the first sentence we wrote : ..
into an orchard, because orchard
begins with the vowel O.
In the second sentence we wrote :
into a big orchard, because big
does not begin with a vowel.
We also wrote : an old ball,
because old begins with the vowel O.
. We use an instead of a before a word

beginning with a silent h.
an hour late, an honest man, an heir to
the throne, an honourable man.
. We use a instead of an before such vowels as have the sound of 'yoo'.

An umbrella is a useful thing.
A union of sweepers was formed.
A European was killed in an accident.
He is a university student.
The metre is a unit of length.
(8 i $$$....)
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. When we refer to some particular person or thing, we use the instead of a or

an.
I saw a boy riding on an ass.
The boy was wearing a hat.
The ass was white.
Here the means the particular one we
are talking about, not the others.
The is always used before :
names of rivers the Ganges, the Nile,

the Thames.
names of oceans and seas the Indian

Ocean, the Arabian Sea, the Persian
Gulf, the Bay of Bengal.
names of mountain-ranges the
Andamans, the Alps, the Himalayas.
names of holy books the Ramayana, the
Mahabharata, the Bible, the Quran.
names of newspapers the Tribune, the
Hindustan Times, the Times of India,
the Statesman.
well-known single objects The earth
moves round the sun. The moon is
shining in the sky. All the world's a
stage.
names of races or nations the Hindus,
the Muslims, the Sikhs, the British, the
French.
adjectives in the superlative degree
Honesty is the best policy.
first, second, third, tenth, etc. January
is the first month of the year.
. Countable vs. Non countable
A and an are used if the noun can be
counted.
1. I stepped in a puddle. (How many puddles did you step in? Just one.
Therefore, use a.)
2. I drank a glass of milk. (Glasses of milk
can be counted)
3. I saw an apple tree. (Apple trees can be
counted)
The must be used when the noun cannot be
counted.
1. I dived into the water. (How many
waters did you dive into? The question
doesn't make any sense because water is
non countable. Therefore, use the.)
2. I saw the milk spill. (How many milks?
Milk cannot be counted)
3. I admired the foliage. (How many
foliages? Foliage cannot be counted)
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5) an, an
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10
T<ys+ 4 yT 2011
|C nqT+<+
EAMCET
MATHS
CALCULUS
dt f(x) =
x-->0
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
(n+2)!+(n+1)!
dt ____________
17. x-->
(n+2)!-(n+2)!
[x] = 0 then
cos(/2x)
dt
________
1) x-->1
=
1-x
a)
b) /2
c) /4
d) /8
sin(ex-2-1)
dt
2) If f(x) = ________ then
x-->1 f(x)
log(x-1)
given by
a) -2
3) If
b) 1
c) -1
d) 0
ax-xa
dt ________
= -1 then a =
x-->a
xx-aa
a) 1
4)
is
b) osinx-cosx
c) e
dt
________
x-->/4
x - /4
a) 1/2
b) 2
d) 2
=
c) 2
b) -1
c) e2
1-cos[2(2x-1)]
6) dt _____________
x-->1
x-1b) -2
a) 2
c) does not exists
b) 1
b) -1
d) none
c) 1
d) does not exist
b) (0, )
d) (-, 0)
10. Let f(x+y) = f(x).f(y) for all 'x' and 'y',

suppose that f(3) = 3 and f1(o) = 11 then f ' (3)
=
a)22
b) 44
c) 33
d) None
b) -1
c) 0
d)
dt
12. x--> (4n + 5n)1/n
a) 4
b) 5
a) 10
b) 100
c) 1000
d) 1
19. If f(x) = a[x+1] + b[x-1] where [x] is the
integral part of 'x' is continuous at x = 1 then,
a) a+b=0
b) a-b = 0
c) 2a-b = 0
d) a-2b = 0
20. If f(x) = 1-cos4x/x2 ; x<0, f(x) = a, x = 0
and f(x) = x/16+x - 4 ; x>0 is continuous at
x = 0 then f(0) =
a) 0
c) 8
b) 2
d) 4
b) /2
d)
a) 0
c) 1
n
2n
dt
22. n--> log [ 5]
n=1
c) 8
a) loge5
c) 0
x
23. If f(x) = 1
0
a) 0
c) 2
b) lege5
d) 2loge5
x2 x3
f(x)
dt ____
_
2x 3x2 then x-->0 x3 =
2 6x
b) 1
d) 3
dt
n
nk
n+1
24. n--> log n-1.logn .......log nk-1]
where K N is
a) 0
c) K
b) 1
d) 2k
dt
25. If n--> (1+/x + /x2)2x = e4 then
a) = = 1
c) =1, =2
x4sin(1/x) + x2
dt
______________
11. x-->
1+|x|3
a) 1
(x+1)10+(x+2)10+........+(x+100)10
dt
18. x--> ____________________________
x10+1010
c) does not exits d) none
9. The set of all points, where the function f(x)

= x/1|x| is differentiable is
a) (-, )
c) (-, 0)(0, )
d) 1/3
21. The value of f() so that f(x) = 1-cos (7(x) /(x-) is continuous at the point x = is
dt
8) x-->2 (-1)[x] : where [x] is greatest
Integer function
a) 1
c) -1/2
d) 1/2
7) Let f(x) = {1/x - 2/e2x -1 ; x 0

k
;x=0
if f(x) is continuous at x = 0 then k =
a) 0
b) 1/2
d) 0
dt
5) x-->0 {Tan(/4 + x)} 1/x =
a) 1
a) 1
d) does not exist
b) =2, =1
d) =1, = 0
[x]+[2x]+[3x]+.....+[nx] =
dt ____________________
x-->
n2
a) x/3
b) x/2
c) 2x
d) x
26.
d) 9
1-cos(x-1)
_________
1
4
9
dt
(x-1)2
_____
_____
_____
x3+2x2+x+1
_____ 27. dt ___________
=
13. x--> n3+1 + n3+1 + n3+1 +...........+ 3
x-->1
n +1
x2+2x+3
a) 0
b) 3
a) 1
b) 2/3
c) 1/3
d) 0
c) 5/6
d) 3/2
xn+1-2n+1
dt ________
14. If x-->2
= 192 and n N then
Answers :
x-2
n=
1) a 2) b 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) b 8) d 9) a
a) 4
b) 5
c) 3
d) 2
10) d 11) b 12) b 13) c 14) b 15) d 16) d
200
17) a 18) b 19) a 20) c 21) a
k
dt
x
15.
=
k=1
x-->1 _______
22) a 23) c 24) c 25) b 26) b
x-1
27) c
a) 5050 b) 21000 c) 2010 d) 20100
n2
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T<ys+ 4 yT 2011
TAXONOMY :
1. A System of classification, in which a
large number of traits are considered is
1) Artificial system 2) Synthetic system
3) Natural system
4) Phylogenetic system
2. Which one of the following families belo
ngs to Bicarpellatae under Gamop etalae in Bentham and Hookers system of
classification?
1) Cucurbitaceae
2) Asteraceae
3) Solanaceae
4) Liliaceae
3. The book in which, Linnacus proposed
binominal system of nomenclature
1) Species plantarum
2) Historia plantarum
3) Genera plantarum
4) Systema Nature
4. Assertion (A) : The system of classification proposed by Linnaeus was artificial
Reason (R) : Linnaeus considered the characters of androecium and gynocium only
1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2) Both A and R are true and R is not the
correct explanation of A
3) A is true and R is false
4) A is false and R is true
5. Find the incorrect statement with rega
rd to B & H system of classification
from the followying.
1) No.of cohorts in polypetalae is equal to
that of in Gamopetalae in Bentham &
Hooker's classification
2) No. of series in Dicotyledonae is double
to the no.of series in monocotyledonae
3) No.of cohorts in Disciflorae is equal to
the no.of cohorts in Bicarpellatae
4) The ratio of No. of polypetalae cohorts
and gamopetalae cohorts is 3:2
6. Arrange the following in ascending
order based on their number
A) Cohorts in gamopetalae with superior
ovary
B) Series in monochlamydeae
C) Cohorts in polypetalae with hypogynous flower
D) Series in gamopetalae
1) ABCD
2) BCDA
3) DABC
4) CDAB
7. Match the following lists:
List -I
A. Bentham & Hookers system of classification
B. Linnaeus system of classification
C. de Historia plantarum
D. Post Darwinian classification
List-II
I. Names of some Taxa indicate the nature
of Androecium
II. Cartain specific principles of classification
III. Popular in common wealth countries
IV. Hutchinson
V. Theophrastus
A
B
C
D
1.
I
II
III
IV
2.
II
III
IV
V
|C nqT+<+
3.
III
I
V
IV
4.
III
II
IV
I
8. Arrange the following Taxa in the correct order in hierachial sequence.
A) Series
B) Division C) Order D)
Natural order E) Class
1) ABCDE
2) EBACD
3) BECAD
4) BEACD
9. Find the correct scientific name according to ICBN
1) Solanum Tuberosum
2) solanum Tuberosum
3) solanum tuberosum
4) Solanum tuberosum
10. Assertion (A) : In Taxonomy, only floral
characters are useful in classification only
Reason (R): Floral characters are more stable than vegetative characters
11. The floral formula EpiK0K(5)C5 A() G -()
depicts the flower of
1) Hibiscus
2) Dolichos
3) Abutilon
4) Allium
12. Sir Joseph Dolton Hooker is not associated with
I. Historia plantarum
II. BSI
III. Species plantarum
IV. Flora of British India
1) II & IV
2) I, III, V
3) II, IV, V
4) I & II
13. The family of Madras hemp is characterized by
1) Monoadelphous androecium with tetra
sporangiate anthers
2) Reniform anthers with introrse condition
3) Exstipulate, dorsiventral leaves
4) Union of inner non essential whorl with
outer whorl of essential organs
14. Study the following lists & Find the correct match
Find the correct match
Scientific name
Common name
Ratio of perinanth
leaves & stamens
A. Datura metal Thorn Apple
........ 2:1
B. Crotalaria Juncea Madras hemp
.........1:2
C. Colchicum
autumnale
.........2:1
Red Dragon
D. Gloriosa superba Nabhi
..........1:1
1) A & B
2) A & C
3) B & C
4) A & D
15. Study the following lists and identify
correct match
List - I
A. Solitary Terminal cyme
B. Extra axillary scorpioid cyme
C. Solitary axillary
D. Simple umbel with unisexual flowers
List - II
I. Gloriosa
II. Smilax
III. Gossypium
IV. Duranta
V. Solanum
A
B
C
D
1.
I
II
III
IV
2.
II
III
IV
V
3.
III
V
I
II
4.
III
II
IV
I
16. Find the set of plants, showing Bicollateral
vascular bundles in the stems
1) Belladona, Kamanchi, Spanish dagger
2) Petunia, Holly hock, Soyabean
3) Kamanchi, Petunia, Vaakudu
4) Day king, Squill, Holly hock
17. The Alkoids obtained from solanaceae
& liliaceae members respectively are..
1) Sarasaparilla, Capsine
2) Atropines Nicotine
3) Capsine & Atropine
4) Nicotine & Colchicine
18. Find the Correct statement with regard
to papilionaceous corolla
1) The anterior margins of Alae are over
lapped by standard petal
2) The posterior margins of keel petals are
completely outside
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3) The posterior margins of wing petals

are over lapped by standard petal
4) The anterior margins of carina petals
are not fused
19. Stamens are arranged in two whorls in
the flowers of
I. Malvaceae
II. Fabaceae
III. Solanaceae
IV. Liliaceae
1) I & II 2) II & III 3) III & IV 4) II & IV
20. Assertion (A): Cololla of Malvaceage is
gamopetalous
Reason (R) : Corolla of Malvaceae falls of
as a unit after fertilization
Answers:1)2 2)3 3)1 4)1
5)1 6)3 7)3 8)4 9)4 10)4
11)4 12)3 13)2 14)4 15)4
16)3 17)3 18)4 19)3 20)4
M.Raghavendra
Lecturer
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A.Ravi Krishna, IPS
ASP, Chief Office, Hyderabad.
12
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T<ys+ 4 yT 2011
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|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 4 yT 2011

(Continued from Last week)
Prefix
Meaning
over
more than usual
post
Example
overdose
overdrawn
overdue
overestimate
overpopulated
post-war
post-modern
post-pone
post-independence
premature
preview
prefix
preplanned
pre-school
pre-historic
pro-democracy
pro-indian
pro-government
reinstall
review
retold
reaction
restore
remake
rehabilitation
semi-final
semi-circle
semi-colon
semi-precious
subordinate
subcontinent
subcommittee
after
Pre
before
pro
in favour of /
supporting
re
again
semi
partly/half
sub
below/
less than
(V $$$...)
*y & 4
4)
A$$
A:B = 1:3, B:C = 5:7, C:D = 9:7

A:B:C:D $$ M$V$$$?
Shortcut :
3
1
B
A
7
7
A:B:C:D = 1 x 5 x 9 : 3x5x9 : 3x7x9 : 3x7x7

= 45 : 135 : 189 : 147
= 15 : 45 : 63 : 49
$$ {$^y @
4) A:B = 2:3, B:C = 4:5, C:D
A:B:C:D $$ M$V$$$?
= 6:7
A$$
*y & 5
10:11:12M$ Z$ M$V$$$?
Shortcut :
10
3
12
tele
un
VOCABULARY
unwanted
unable
unusual
under
below / little
underdeveloped
undergraduate
underestimate
vice
next in rank
vice-captain
vice-president
vice-chancellor
SUFFIXES : A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to
the end of a word, to change its meaning.
Suffix
Meaning
Suffixed words
-able
having the
comfortable
quality
readable
fashionable
f$ = 10x11 : 11x 12 : 12 x 10
= 110 : 132 : 120 = 55 : 66 : 60
s@ A$> O ^y Shortcut
{$f$$ V$$ > V$$^$MV$.
$$ {$^y @
5) 8 :9 :10 M$ Z$ M$V$$$?
*y & 6
-ible
-al
-an/-ian
-ant/-ent
-ar
-cide
-cy
11
changeable
capable
responsible
visible
eligible
concerning
internal
historical
political
nominal
person
American
connected
Indian
with a place / a
politician
profession / thing historian
grammarian
musician
Asian
European
something
participant
someone that
contestant
resident
incumbent
inhabitant
concerning
circular
something
triangular
singular
killing
pesticide
something
suicide
the quality accuracy
of being privacy
piracy
bureaucracy
aristocracy
K.Venkata Ramana
(to be contin- Director K.V.R. Spoken English
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Cell: 9959 310 234
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8 & 3 = 5
Q = (8/5) x 115 = 8 x 23 = 184
$$ {$^y @
7) y$ Q 4 : 11 $$$ s
147 A$$ sZ Q$ M$V$$$?
(Civils - 1993)
Shortcut : C_a $ $$s Q 1
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y$ Q >Y $$
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*y & 8
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y$ Q 5 : 8 s $$ 91 A$$ M **y y$ A, B $$$ C M$ 5:6:9

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Z $V> ^y$. AM$ 45 *$y
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y$ _ $$$$ *$y y$ G M#?
super
sub-editor
sub-division
subdue
more than
superhuman
normal /
superimpose
extremely
supercomputer
distant
telephone
television
telegram
tele printer
opposite / negative unfortunate
unnoticed
unidentified
w (RATIO)
= 24 x 64 = 1536
*y & 10
y$ Q M..V$ 180, s $ 3 : 4
A$$ sZ Q $$ M$V$$$?
Shortcut :
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C_a Z 3, 4 M..V$ = 12
(S.I - 2007)
Q = (4/12) x 180 = 4 x 15 = 60
Shortcut : C_a Z A s 5 V$$$ $$ {$^y @
$$ V$$$ = 5 + 6 + 9 = 20
10) y$ Q M..V$ 160, s $
$$ *$y y$ = (20/5) x 45
4 : 5 A$$ sZ Q $$ M$V$$$?
C_a Z $$s Q 5 V$$$,

y Q 8 V$$$
$$ = 5 + 8 = 13
$$s Q = (5/13) x 91 = 5 x 7 = 35
= 4 x 45 = 180
y Q = (8/13) x 91 = 8 x 7 = 56
$$ {$^y @
$$ {$^y @
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$$ {$^y @ f$$
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T<ys+ 6 @| 2011
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m+d{ e< eT+ es\ #+&..!

G$ $$ EAMCET Z >^s ""V '' ^ Planes
MM. CfV V>M _ {{Z $$ 160 Sr. Inter : Circles, System of circles, Parabola, Hyperbola,
{$ Es$$. { {M$ JM *$P Er$-. C$Z Polar Co-ordinates
Ws($O) *$P$ Ey#. 160 {Z 80 *$P$ V-M 5. Calculus (M V-):
$$$ hM, M$[tM$ JMP---M 40 *$P$s$$. $$ Jr.Inter: Limits and continuity, Differentation, Errors and
$$ 3 Vr$. C$Z JMsVr *M$ $W approximations, rate measure, tangents and Normals, Maxima
JMsVr hM, M$[tM$ E*W^$ M. $M$ E 80 and minima, Partial Differentiation.
{Z (VZ) $$$V> ^** *$ > M Sr.Inter: Successive Differentiation, Indefinite Integration,
Es$$. s V$_ $$$V> B ^$y. $W {M$ Definite Integration, Integral as a limit of summation, Areas,
M GM$P sO$ $M >$. { {M$ 50 M Numerical Integration, Differential Equations.
$M ^$VY $ ""f$''! Gs Z {$$Q { ^
""V ''M$ _ l$, $ Cr $ 6. Probability & Distribution
(- $$$ - -f--$):
$$$ s$y HH sM $y G *$PM$ {$ $Sr.
Inter: Probability (Addition Theorem, Multiplication
-* M ^y fW. s _ GM$P $$sg
Theorem,
Byies Theorem) on Probability Random Variable
*$P$ E sM$ $$$ ^, $W s $ ^
and
Random
Distributions.
$_ *$P$ (>M) --^$a.
Chapters
1. Algebra
(fV)
2. Trignometry
({M$)
3. Vector Algebra
( fV)
4. Coordinate Geometry
(*M RV)
5. Calculus
(M V)
6. Probability and Random
distribution
Expected Marks
Jr. Inter (7-6)
20 Marks
Sr. Inter (14-13)
Jr. Inter
13-14 Marks
Jr. Inter
5-6 Marks
Jr. Inter (7-8)

Sr. Inter(8-9)
Jr. Inter (9-11)
Sr. Inter(11-9)
Sr. Inter
16 Marks
20 Marks
5-6 Marks
(, $$$ f$, ^>$$)

1. Algebra (fV):
Jr.Inter : Surds, Logarithms, Mathematical Induction, Functions
Sr.Inter: Quadratic Expressions and Equations, Theory of
Equations, Matrices, Partial fractions, Exponential series and
Logarithemic series, permutations and combinations,
Binomial Theorem
2. Trigonometry ({M$):
Jr.Inter:Trigonometric ratios to transformations, Properties of
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|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 6 @| 2011

Biography of earth
The top layer of the earth is "Earth's Cru
st". Thickness is 60kms from the surface. Its
specific gravity varies from 2.7 to 3.0. We can
find silica, alluminium, oxygen, magnesium
etc. in molten form (thick fluid state material).
The next layer of the earth is "mantle". Its
specific gravity varies from 3.0 to 5.5. Silica
and other material can be formed in this
region in molten form. The central and third
layer of the earth is "Earth's Core". Its thickness is form 2840 to 3500 km. Its specific
gravity varies from 12.0 to 15.0. We can find
nickel and iron in this region in molten form.
Recent investigation reveal that unscientific over-exploration of the ground water resour
ces are the causes for the earthquakes. It is est
imated that the temperature is high in earth's
interior, rocks in such regions occur in the
molten form. It is estimated that the radius of
the earth is 6440 kms. Seismologists can estimates it through indirect methods.
Little seismic waves. It is not possible to
measure directly. Temperature increases at the
rate of 10C for every 32 meters of descent.
Pressure also increases along with the
descent. Hence mud like material appear in

descent of the earth.
Solar energy
Sun emits energy continuously in the form
of light. Our earth receives it. It is called solar
radiation.The sun is a burning sphere of gases.
This solar energy is capable and responsible
for the occurence and sustenance of our life. It
consists of inorganic gases like Helium and
energy. Crests and through are occurring in

seas and oceans due to this solar energy.
Eclipses such as solar eclipse and lunar
eclipse will occur. The rays emitted by the
Sun are harmful to our eyes. Solar energy is
inexhaustible. Our scientists are struggling
hard to know about the ball of fire since we
are getting a tiny amount of energy from the
Sun. This tiny amount of Solar energy is most
essential form our life.
Essay writing
Argon.
In ancient days, the sun is a God to them.
Even now we worship the Sun for our health.
Our ancestors expressed that heat is a powerful substances. It was proved scientifically
now. This energy is being converted into electricity. We get salt from the oceans due to this
energy. Photosynthesis is being done by this
energy. Hot water is being supplied to all the
pilgrims at Tirupathi by solar energy.
Fire can be produced with the help of solar
ROLE OF STUDENT IN MODERN

SOCIETY
If a person wants to be civilized, he must
be educated. Education is an endless one.
Students should not study for mere government jobs. One must attain self satisfaction
and confidence. No government can provide
jobs to all due to the increase in population.
So one must study for ourself and not for
slave raised jobs. We need not depend upon
jobs for our livelyhood.

There are many welfare programmers
before us. We must become self-sufficient by
utilizing them. Vocational courses help a man
to become independent. The knowledge of
crafts, trade, technical skill, vocational training courses enlighten a man and eases the
problem of unemployment. These help us to
live independently. Satisfaction makes us
more confident and skillful persons.
Our Government is implementing many
welfare programmers. Some of them are
P.M.R.Y., C.M.E.Y., financial assistance etc.
By using them one canget self-sufficiency. If
the per-capital income increases, automatically that nation develops in all respects. All citizens must utilize these programmers, offered
by government. Now-a-days every educated
youth has a facility to start any kind of business of his interest. By
utilizing these programmers, unemployment can
also be eradicated.
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
GhsM
yGy A$$ *{$ A$$
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$$ {$^y @
9. 4 $# M 3 $# A$ M$
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u - qc\
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t$$. 30% $$ >$$ y*$
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GM$ A$$$$? (APPSC, RRB)
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$$ {$^y @
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10. 10 $# A$ 8 $# M M$
t$$ _a $$Z A$
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*. A$$ $$$ M$V$$$?
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*y & 9
$$ {$^y
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M s^ Gy$M (NCTE) {
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*$P$ ^. {$M, $$M u
Shortcut : $$ _a^ 100%M$ M*y$.
t$$ _a^ 100% $y $$. ZM$M$ $V> $. ss {$s
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C $$MP M = 990 x (110/100) x 90/100
JM ss E$~O A$$ Hy$ >
= *. 980.10
r$ {$M, {$M uZ Z^y
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yGyM$ $ y*y!
M$ M$V$$$?
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$$ {$^y @ f$$
A$M$ Ghs $tZ f M^y
yGy A R$ Q V>
7) *.2500 8) *.7700
W. V # $ R$
9) 25% 10) 20% 11)
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s. M*y $$ * _a.
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NCTE Ghs $tM$ M yGy A$
Ms Ms$
M_V r, M{
A$$V> Py yGy M$M$ $ y*y
@ 9885357654
V AM> E.
10
T<ys+ 6 E 2011
|C nqT+<+
APTET- 2011 HINDI MATERIAL
MODEL QUESTIONS
TET HINDI MATERIAL

( previous issues)
VISIT www.suryaa.com
Material
Prepared
by

Hindi Pandit, KarimNagar
T<ys+ 6 E 2011
|C nqT+<+
11
Tenses
Tense As time A A.
EnglishZ 3 tenses E$$.
They are
1. Present tense
2. Past tense
3. Future tense
$ { tense $ 4 forms V> divide ^$^$a. As simple, continuous, perfect, $$$
perfect continuous M>st $$ 3 x4=12
forms of tenses E-$$.
They are as follows
1. Simple present
2. Simple past
3. Simple future
4. Present continuous
5. Past continuous
6. Future continuous
7. Present perfect
8. Past perfect
9. Future perfect
10. Present perfect continuous
11. Past perfect continuous
12. Future perfect continuous
1. Simple present
{ l A--r$V> fV $$ M>-{M*$ -y-M Simple present E-*-W.

A V> DM s -y-M M*y Simple
present E-*-W.
To denote/ regular/ daily/ routine every
day actions
to denote Habitual actions (A--r$)
to denote General truths (- -$)
to denote Universal truths (---$)
to denote morals ($-$)
to denote proverbs ($--$)
to denote axioms (M--$)
to denote running commentaries
to denote Head lines in the newspapers
to denote future planned actions
Structure- Sub+V1+obj
JM- sentece $ simple present Z {*-s-O
> structure Z >*.
I
we
You
V1
They
She
He
It
note-1- subject
V1+s/es
Z III person singular

Es {MP â verb M$ "s/es' add ^*.
Note-2- S, H, O, X A A->- A-$$
Verbs M$ "es' add ^*.
Note-3. s -Z JM M Simple presentZ
E A DM indicators $$-#V> V$^^$a.
Indications: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly,
quarterly, Half-yearly, yearly, annualy, seldom, often, rarely, punctually, casually, generally, occassionally, once a day, twice a month.
Every (hour, day, week, month, year, decade
time, morning, evening,, afternoon)
O indications M s V$^y.
Exercise on simple present
1. I................. (go) to college daily. (Ans-1)
1) go 2) goes 3) went 4) is going
2. Man often..............(make) mistakes.(Ans-2)

1) make 2) makes 3) will make 4) None
3. The sun.......... (rise) in the East (Ans-4)
1) is rising 2) will rise 3) rised 4) rises
4. The sun.........(set) in the West. (Ans-1)
1) sets 2) set 3) is setting 4) None
5. Children ..................(like) music. (Ans-1)
1) like 2) likes 3) liked 4) is liking
2. Simple Past
f-W $$-/N A$$ $$ -y-M
simple past E-*-W.
To denote completed actions
Structure- Sub+V2+obj
JM M> Simple past Z >*-s subject
MP V2. verb >*.
I
We
You
They
V2
She
He
It
tj Note- JM M simple past Z E ~-$$^y-M M Indications V$_ ^-^$a.
Indications - yesterday, day before yesterday,
ago, longlong ago, once opon a time, once
there was, in the past, In olden days, In those
days.
last (hour, day, week, month, year, decade,
time, morning, evening)
Exercise
1. I .................(see) Badrinadh movie yester
day.
(Ans-2)
1) see 2) saw 3) will see 4) None
2. We .........(visit) the charminor in 2009.
(Ans-1)
1) visited 2) visit 3) visits 4) visiting
3. The CM ............(leave) for Delhi last
Sunday.
(Ans-4)
1) leaves 2) left 3) is leaving 4) left
4. They.............(pay) the fee 4 days ago.
(Ans-4)
1) pay 2) pay paying 3) were paid 4) paid
5. Calcutta................. (be) the capital of India
till 1911. (Ans-2)
1) is 2) was 3) will be 4) is being
3. Simple Future tense.
--$Z f-V-Z$ $$ -y-M
simple future tense E-*-W-.
To denote the actions which will happen
in the future.
Structure- Sub+shall or wil +V1+obj
Note (1) Subject Z I, we shall A
$V subjects will A E-*-W^.
Indications-Tomorrow, day after tomorrow
Next ((hour, day, week, month, year, decade,
time, morning, evening, afternoon)
After (2 hours, 2 days, 2 weeks, 2 months)
Future (time, days, month, year, decade)
Exercise
1. I .................(talk) to you tomorrow. (Ans-1)
1) shall talk
2) am talking
3) talked
4) None
2. We .........(pay) the the next month. (Ans-2)
1) paid
2) are paying
3) will pay
4) were paid
3. I ............(be) in Rajahmundry in 2013.
(Ans-3)
1) am 2) was 3) shall be 4) None
4. They.............(announce) the results after 3

hours.
(Ans-1)
1) will announce
2) are announcing
3) announced
4) None
5. Kiran................. (meet) Sonia Gandhi on
the 10th July.
(Ans-2)
1) met 2) will meet 3) is meeting 4) None.
4. Present Continuous
{$ f$-V$-$ $$ -y-M Present
Continuous tense E-*-W.
To denote the actions which are going on
at present.
Structure- Sub+am / is / are +(V1+ing)+ obj.
JM M ^-$ M$ ^$>a$$. $* ^-y. JM b{ |\

|+
{y M M>$ M CsM
y$ JM Vr $- $-sM _a ^*,
B My$M$ JM M$ M>$ $ H X* M-y$ rt-> M JMP- AMPy E M{
My$M$ ^ $ V> My-y$. JMP- M
^$$ y$-$. B$--{Z yMt$ "^ >$
NV> _s *$$' A ^#-y$. {y $
^ r$t-M B _ "yy V> E' Asy$
{y MZ M$ $-sM $$. CsM y$. D y$ M>$ V> s My$M$P
C Mt$ A$-Msy$. M r- M>$
*r$ M> y {^y$. Ay$
i-Z $ M M$ Z-#-y$. M$
My$M$ X X$ ^$-#y$. A "yy I-$$'
I -------- am
She, He , It, Devi ................ is
We, You, They (Any plural) .......... are
Indications- now, at present, right now, at this
time, at this movement, Don't+V1, see!, look!
observe!
$ rt-> M Cs O A$ O $y
Exercise
*M B ^$-Msy$.
1. I .................(write) my story now. (Ans-1)
M ---M _. $$QV> s -1) am writing
2) is writing
M$ A$-$, f-* CM> -
3) will write
4) None
$ _ -*-M M-M Z$ A-M>
2. We .........(talk) to me at present. (Ans-2)
E. $V> -->-$V> {$-y$, Cs
1) will talk
2) is talking
M> H ^y... A CsZ G- JMP *r
3) was talking
4) None
As ..... r M $-sM $.. $
3. Don't disturb she ............(sleep). (Ans-1)
RV> Er$- Ar* Hya Vy $$--#1) is sleeping
2) was sleeping $. -$$ A* JMP $ V$$ r$t3) slept
4) will sleep
M- G ^-$$ A M>$ f-$
4. look! something.............(go) there.(Ans-2) A { f$ M$
1) was going 2) is going 3) go 4) goes
s^. M-M Z$$
5. observe! something................. (go) on
$ M ^$-M-M$-y$.
there. (Ans-2)
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G/GsM$ 3 H$ y# E.
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food.
(Ans-2)
Cry$s E$~$ M>.
1) is cooking
2) was cooking R$ M Vy$# : kO 20, 2011
3) cooks
4) None
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2. When I woke up last night it, .........(talk)
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(rain).
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Cy$ Ctr*s B $g$s, V$*$
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3. When I went to the
Z {M$ R$$ B.
class yesterday, the stu:50 *$P HO {V>y$$
dents ............(squarrel).
r$ 7 $y 15 H A$ Ey.
(Ans-were quarrelling) -
|+....
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
BO h[t { : kO 10, 2011

BO h[t Vy$# : t 30, 2011
>M$ www.iimb.ernet.in/postgraduate/eggp
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17.2, 18.4, 19.3, 2-0.3, 21.1, 22.2, 23.2
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31.2, 32.4, 33.1, 34.2, 35.1, 36.3, 37.3,
38.2, 39.1, 40.3, 41.3,
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mdt.m+.s|, &ssY
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Cell: 9866414200
|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 6 E 2011
APPSC
Group-I ,II
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10
|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 7 &d+s 2011
TET/DSC (HINDI) EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
ANSWERS
1-4
6-4
11-2
16-4
21-1
2-1
7-1
12-2
17-4
22-4
3-1
8-3
13-2
18-4
23-4
4-2
9-4
14-4
19-4
24-1
5-3
10-4
15-1
20-3
25-4
26-4
31-3
36-4
41-2
46-2
27-2
32-1
37-2
42-2
47-4
28-2
33-3
38-1
43-4
48-2
29-4
34-1
39-4
44-2
49-2
30-1
35-3
40-2
45-4
50-3
Material Prepared by
Md.Munvar Ali, Advisor
Vignan Hindi Vidyalay
KarimNagar, 9441020597
T<ys+ 7 &d+s 2011
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|C nqT+<+
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L P C E T ( H I N D I ) M O D E L PA P E R - 2 0 11
Model Paper
Prepared by
Hindi Pandit,
KarimNagar
T<ys+ 8 pH 2011
|C nqT+<+
11
6
( V $$$....)
Adjective ()
A word which
describe the subject of a sentence is called an
adjective. JM MZ M (Noun or Pronoun)
$ ~^ adjective As$.
M M>$ V$^y :&

Radhika is a beautiful girl.
:& O sentence Z >M Gr$s
A*$$ As beautiful girl A *
$. M>st beautiful A >M$
~$$ B adjective As$.
Eg. Small, big, tall, long, large, good, bad
etc.
{ adjective M 3 *$s$$. M>st H
word C_a A$$ adjective V> V^.
large - larger - largest
small - smaller - smallest
long - longer - longest
good - better -best
Note :Number M _ A
$ adjectives A#$$.
Eg. one, two, three, four etc.
first, second, third, etc
all, no, many, any, some, few, each, either,
every
Underline adjectives for the followint lines
1. Mumaithkhan is a good dancer
2. She is the best girl of the class
3. Murali is a tall student
4. It is a dark room
5. I need 4 pens
6. Conjunction (
$$â$$$) :
Junction y$ M AMs GM$P $
M "' A A.
Conjunction As y$ AMs GM$P
$ MM E*W^$ "' A A.
Conjunction is a word which combines or
joins two or more sentences together
D M M>$ V$^y
>M JM A$O M, M> JM A$O
M
Radika is a beautiful girl, Kaveri is a beautiful girl
O y$ sentences M and $ E*W_
D V> {$^$a.
Radika and Kaveri are beautiful girls.
Note : 'and' A E*W_ O y$ M>$
JMsV> {$VY$$ M># and $ conjunction
A As.
Eg. and, or, but, though, Although, Eventho
ugh, If,Unless, Not only... but also, either....
or, Neither....nor, as soonas, as long as, since,
As, if
Underline the conjunctions for the following sentences
1. Prasad worked hard but he failed.
2. If sachin plays cricket, India will win
3.Though he is poor, he is honest
4. She will not give you material unless you
pay the fee.
5. He drinks neither coffee nor tea.
7. Preposition (M) : pre As $$$
position As preposition As $$$
A A. JM noun or pronoun M$ $$$
_a A $M noun M$ M adjectiveM$ verb
M$ $$.
D {M M>$ V$^y :
The book is on the table

($)
The book is under the table (M)
The book beside the table ({MP)
The book is infront of the table ($$$ )
O sentence Z book M$ $$$ table M$
$ V relationship $ on, under, beside and
infront of A $ $$$$.
Eg: between, Among, besides, since, for ,
with, by, in into, on, upon, onto, above, over,
about, around, along, against, accross,
beneath, of, off
Underline the prepositions for the followint sentences.
1. I am proud of my father
2. Pawan never sits between Nandhini and
Renu
3. There is a union among villages
4. Ashok jumped into the river
5. Mary knows English besides telugu
Interjection (Ba>M$$) :
Ba> M $@R M M
^> $g $ Interjection As$.
[ A word which tells a sudden feeling of wonder or sorrow or joy or emotion is called an
Interjection]
D M M>$ V$^y.
Alas ! She is dead
O Sentence Z Alas A A* A ^
M ^$ M># Alas A
Interjection As$.
Eg: Oh !
Alas !
Hellow !
Hurrah !
Underline interjection of the following
sentences.
1. Alas ! She is dead
2. Oh ! Look at the room.
3. Hellow ! What are you doing there
4. Hurrah ! we won the game
5. Hai ! How are you
ARTICLES
'Article' A English grammar Z A
_ topic. A$$ Importance *{
GM$PV> E. # >, g$ $$Z fV
s $$ IAS, Group I, RRB, P.O's, Icet, BEd, Constable, Departmental Exams
Z Articles O {$ GM$PV> $$$. D
Articles O N AV> M $V$Z
C$.
A, An or The $ Articles As$. s 2
$V> h^^$a.
1. Indefinete article 2. Definete article
Indefinite articles :- H article A$$ sentence Z subject V$_ (exact information)
Q_a$O *^ C$ Ar$s article
$ Indefinete article As$. [ An article
which tells the exact information about the
subject in a the exact informatin about the subject in a sentence then it is called Indefinete
article]
See the followint example
A girl is going on the road
A girl = any girl
O Sentence Z girl As H girl ? H girl
A$$ A^$a. class girl,
age girl, area girl A *$
$g$$. M>st " a ' A Indefinete infor-
mation C$yr ^ " a '
Indefinete
article
As$.
She is asking an Umbrella
an Umbrella = anyUmbrella
Note: CMPy an Umbrella As any Umbrella
JM
An
one
per
all(to denote the class/race)
any
single
to denote professions
in comparisions
in exclamatory sentences
to denote unknown persons
before 'few,little' in the
meening of 'some'
after S
CM $V$ kZ (l b{ |\
12, 2011) -
|+
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* - $- f$-V-$ $$s {-$ C. C-sM ^-$ -$$ $
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3. Jy r$t-M-M _ Z {-- *$M$.
_ M* >-y g# $--M*y$.
CSAT-2011
4. $$ {-V> r$t-M-. *V>, *$,

yM s ^*.
5.
D
$V$ kZ *y { { A-1.Inthe meaning of 'one' ( 'one' A AZ )
. M W --- t^$ M,
Eg. I want a cell a phone
$Z
G A$$ {* A V> *y
a cell phone = one cell phone
^*.
2. In the meaning of 'per'(per A AZ)
6.
D
{
{ $-$Z, - ^-B
Eg: My wife draws Rs. 10,000 a month
^*. BrM>$ M-W^y, *sy^y ^$a month = per month
- $$ ^.
3. In the meaning of 'all ( 'all' A AZ)
7. ^ { {-$ $ $-M Zr$ r$
Eg : A cow is a domestic animal
$-^$-M-.
A cow = All cows
8. M -*$ $$$ rty Ms #@-a- (--f4. In the meaning of 'single' ('single A
) O {M t st.
AZ)
9. -s-Ms, , $, $ s s $$
Eg. She didn't speak a word in the meeting
^$-M-. $$$ -V-M$y M M>
st. Oz 0.45 $ $$s $ M> M
a word = single word
V>Y --$.
5. To denote professions ( $$)
10.
$Z { $-O-. $*
Eg : She is a nurse
*V ^$My.
He is an Engineer
11.
-$M $$$ g ->$

Murali is a lawyer
M
$-MP-. M JM Vr
6. In the meaning of 'any' ('any' A AZ)
$
$
$ -M ^$-MEg: Send here a student
.
a student = any student
B t...
7. In comparisions ( $ar)
BM -M~, IPS,
case - 1
JM M/ $ already JM VZ Ay-- G, MV*y
KnownA$$ $M 'a' M/ E*W. Email- gandhianpolicing@gmail.com
Usages -
He is Sachin of my my village.
Note : A$ cricket V> Byy$ A A.
M> A $ Sachin M>$.
She is an Iswaryarai of my colllege
Note : B$ beautiful V> Er$ A A.
M> B$ $ Iswaryarai M>$.
case II :
Person JMPs....professions y$
Eg: He is a better teacher than clerk
Note : A$ clerk Ms teacher V> V>
V$# y$.Er$ A A.
He is a better singer than dancer
A$ dancer Ms singer V> V>
V$#
y$.
8. In exclamatory sentences
Eg: What a beautiful girl !
What an idea it is !
What a shame it is !
What an idiot you are !
9. To denote unknown persons
(A_ M$ V$_ ^ Z)
eg: Mr. john came for you

(speaker knows john)
Note John M $ â$.
A Mr. John came for you
(speaker doesn't know you)
10. Before 'few, little' in the meaning of
'some', few', little which means H$ $,
Nothing)
a few a little which means M, M^,
M some
Eg: Few students attended the party
Few students means No students
(G* f$ M>$)
A few students attended the party
A few students means
Some students
(M$ f*$)
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
12
|C nqT+<+
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T<ys+ 8 pH 2011
-Day..err.Civil Services Exam is

fast approaching. And this time in a new
format. The proposed change in the format of
preliminary examination has thrown thousands of aspirants in a tizzy. Civil Services
Prelims has been replaced by the newly introduced Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT),
which includes two objective papers with one
General Studies and one General Aptitude
Paper (replaces the optional subject).
The reason behind introduction of this section as specified by the Alagh Committee is,
"The present testing of the optional subject is
based on College/University curriculum. Reexamining the candidates in their own subjects appears to have doubtful utility. The universities have already done the work and
retesting, possibly even at a lower level that
what candidates have completed earlier,
appears to be unnecessary. What is important
is the relevance of a subject to the job requirements of a Civil Servant, especially in the
changing scenario."
Number System
A glance on the statistics of this exam indicates its own number system. In 2010, aspirants in a 6 digit figure (2,69,036) appeared
for the exam, a 5-digit figure (12,491) qualified the preliminary round, those in a 4-digit
figure (2,589) qualified for the mains examination, a 3-digit figure (920) were recommended, and a mere 2-digit figure will get the
most coveted IAS positions. This sublimes to
mere 0.3% selected (out of total students
appeared).
What Now ..?

As seen above, the civil services exam has
limited seats to be decided among lakhs of
candidates, making it very tough to crack.
Most candidates have to appear for it multiple
times before they clear it. Any change in the
format of the exam is likely to cause considerable psychological impact on the human
mind and this change too has sent fearful
signs across a large section of students. A
majority of students with a non-technical
background are fearful about their old nemesis, Mathematics. But this fear may be base-
|C nqT+<+
less as the changes lay greater emphasis on

the 'aptitude' of candidates, which mainly
involves reasoning skills and not just
Mathematics. The most important thing that
an aspirant can take from this new avatar of
civil services is inspiration rather than fear.
Now when hardly 2 weeks are left for the preliminary examination, this confidence will
play a major role in preparation as it will be
instrumental in alleviating fear and reducing
pressure in this intense competitive exam.
However, this confidence will only come
when one is fully prepared for the exam. As
we know, CSAT comprises of two papers
which, now, have equal weightage. So one's
arsenal should be replete with techniques
which to counter the problems posed by the
respective paper.
revised from the notes one has prepared and

concepts should be checked again to certain
one's position. For further improvement, more
and more questions and practice tests should
be solved till the examination date. This will
certainly widen their knowledge horizon and
give them confidence.
For the undefined areas, students should
understand the practical and theoretical issues
along with basic details. Since the preparation
time is limited now, all areas that have been
optimized as much as possible. At the current

stage of preparation, the areas which have
been traditionally strong should be consolidated with a good workbook for practice. The
importance of solving good questions is very
important in this paper as once a particular
logic is mastered, it gives loads of confidence
for further questions. Unlike paper I where
quantity of questions is a major determinant
for static section, paper II cannot be tamed
without solving quality questions, though few
Paper I: General Studies

This paper has been the traditional "waterloo" for the many of the "good" candidates
since long. Though only a few still associate
it with general knowledge, most of the students don't understand the reasoning part
associated with this paper. Though the UPSC
has officially introduced "aptitude" testing
from 2011, but general studies aptitude has
indirectly been a part of the curriculum from
the past 4-5 years. The kind of questions that
the UPSC has been testing aspirants on,
require strong reasoning skills along with
basic factual information. So in effect many
students have already been preparing for the
General Studies Aptitude Test (GSAT).
Now towards the fag end of one's preparation of general studies for prelims, consolidation is required. As we know paper I includes
(i) Static part with traditional areas like Indian
National Movement, Indian Polity, Basic
Economic Understanding, Geography, and (ii)
Dynamic part which include current affairs
and general knowledge and has no proper definition and syllabus.
Static areas are traditionally scoring areas
and the higher the candidate scores in this
area, lesser is the dependence on the uncertain
areas of current affairs and general knowledge. These areas should be thoroughly
Take good care of yourself and have a proper sleep day before the
Don't forget to revise important facts, figures, definitions, theories
But, incidentally if you spot some area that have not prepared well
or forget to revise the latest
developments as you didn't
had access to updated content , don't panic. Even don't waste time
to search such material. If someone helps on that front, fine; otherwise be content with what all you have and use that for revision.
Paper II:
This section includes English language
skills, Mathematical skills, Reasoning skills,
Analytical ability and Interpersonal skills.
Unlike paper I which has a static part, unfortunately this paper provides no such respite.
But the sense of reasoning and aptitude testing
has continuity from paper I.
As most of the candidates are not smart
with all the aspects specified above, one can
smartly choose the area where scores can be
while working out the right options and also in eliminating the
wrong ones.
examination.
and concepts during last minute preparation. This will boost your
confidence once you see questions related to these during exam.
marked by the candidate can be revisited

again with special focus on main keywords of
the issue. This would help them achieve a
good strike rate in the type of questions which
demand reasoning along with factual data.
Finally, solving as many questions as possible
from good sources, will give required to give
the finishes to the preparation.
Alertness is needed as sometimes aspirants commit blunders by

marking wrong alternative on the answer-sheet.
Remember in new pattern also there will be penalty (Negative

Marking) for wrong answers in prelims. It is a step to check random answering and
wild guessing to
Last minute Preparation Tips for C-SAT-2011
During practice, which topic or issues troubled you or solving

questions where you committed errors? Prepare these topics again
and be careful that you don't repeat such mistakes during examination.
Common sense and presence of mind would improve your

prospects in Preliminary Examination. You will be benefitted
eliminate non-serious candidates.

'Cultivating habit of reading question full'. Even if you
know the answer, read question and all alternatives before
finally reaching at conclusion.
Practice, have faith in your abilities and make yourself ready
for Preliminary Examination. 'Efficiency with accuracy' is
the key and with practice, you can develop sharpness and
habit of making quick decisions. It tests your memory and
power to recall information when needed.
in number. Thus, smart work at this time can

be a major determinant in cracking this section.
In the quantitative section, understanding of
numbers is vital as such questions form a fair
portion of total marks. Candidates must work
hard to smart this section. Methods to improve
time management of such questions should
necessarily be looked at, as this section is historically notorious for eating a chunk of time.
This decreases overall ability of students to
attempt maximum questions.
Students who don't have a background in
English, students, who are not well versed
with this language, should never panic and
must keep confidence in the mode and pattern
of preparation that has been followed till date.
As specified by UPSC, testing requires skills
till "class X level", so there are lesser things to
worry about. Studying must not be made complex by following deeper aspects which are
not demanded by the syllabus.
Overall, both the papers can be dealt section
wise and one can afford to miss certain subsection if other areas are fairly strong. Again
time management is very vital in such exams
where each mark makes a big difference. So,
practice done, in the coming days, should be
synchronized with the time management.
Overall, the paper demands an all-round
ability which should peak at the right time.
And as the time for battle is around the corner,
one must put all energies into the preparation
and concentrate on all the vital aspects of the
examination.
................... Good luck!
- Mr. Rajat Sen, Member,

Career Launcher Civil Services Team
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10 Class : ENGLISH
th
OPPOSITE WORDS
CONSONANT SOUNDS
There are 24 Consonants

p() pet__pin
b () bus __bet
t (r) tall __tub
d (y) dog __door
k (M) kite___king
g (V) gun ___ goat
ts (^) chin __chain
dz (f) gent___jam
f () fan___fall
v() van___ vase
() thin __thief
() that__these
s() sun__sit
z(f) vision__pleasure
h() hat___high
m($) man___mat
n() net___nib
n (V) sing __wing
l() lad__lamb
r() ram__ray
j($)yes__yolk
w() wall_walk
COMMANDS:
(Imperatives) ( Subject understood)
Let's go.
Stop! Wait!
Do come
Let him go.
SEEKING PERMISSION
Can I go?
Could I leave the office a little
early?
May I come in?
REQUESTS
Would you please count your
change?
Keep quiet, will you?
Would you mind moving a bit?
Could you show the way to the
Railway Station?
(3 h $$$...)
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OFFER:
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Would you like to dance with me?
OFFERING HELP:
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May I help you?
Shall I get a cup of tea?
ADVICE
(must, ought to, should)
You must read this book.
You ought to learn English.
You should give up smoking.
You should see the doctor.
(had better + bare infinitive)
You had better practice Yoga.
Why don't you
Why don't you read the book?
It's time you + past tense
It is time you bought a dictionary.
If I were:
If I were you I would build a new
house.
SUGGESTIONS
Shall we meet at the theatre.
Shall we go to film.
Interrogatives:
Where shall we have lunch?
What shall we do
this week end?
P.N.Bhaskar Rao
School Asst.
Nellore
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WHAT IS EXPANSION :
Expansion means elaborating the idea contained in a phrase, sentence or quotation. For
med the trend was that certain common saying, proverbs or quotations from prominent
prose writers or poets were set in the examination. They contain a singular idea which the
candidates are expected to expand. Of late,
the trend has been a mixed one. Although the
quotations are still set, they may not be from
literary books. Many are from modern writers
too on current themes or social conditions.
The candidate is expected to think over the
spirit the essence contained in the line and
express his view in his own language in one
paragraph only. The idea that is just the opposite process of precis writer while in expansion there is full liberty of giving one's own
opinion on the saying, of course, sticking to
the topic only, without going way ward.
Sometimes it is said that the expansion or
the paragraph writing is in a mini-essay. This
again creates a confusion. In an essay one discusses many aspects of a topic. but in an
expansion one has to stick only to the interpretation of what has been said by the writer.
The candidate, of course, is free to interpret it
in his own way. But it cannot introduce another point. Expansion has one dimension while
an essay is multi-dimensional. Paragraph
(V $$$...)
*y & 4
writing can be divided into two parts ...

(a) Expansion of an idea,
(b) Description of a certain event or scene
or gathering. The first is generally known an
"expansion". The other in sometimes put as
'descriptive writing'. The expected length in
both the types of paragraph writing varies
from 120 to 200 words which had been maintained in the specimen passages that follows.
How to attempt a question on expansion ?
Expansion
y$ V$$ $$ 1:2 A$$ s

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1. All the glitters is not gold

Outward appearances may not be the reality. Beautiful creatures may be cruel at heart.
Keats talks of 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci' i.e.
the beautiful lady without mercy. Shakespeare
bring the face of a skeleton out of a golden cas
ket. A man seemingly handsome may be the
worst and may one day kill his better half.
One comes across a number of political and
social leaders looking nice-good in behaviour
promising the welfare of the downtrodden,
but in reality indulging in nepotism and meeting their own selfish ends ? Napoleon fighting
for the cause of the people turns autocrat; a
drug packed in a beautiful wrapper may be
spurious. A sober priest
may prove a horned
Devil.
sion in which one is lost in the maze of confused ideas. Like all composition exercises
expansion too requires practicle, not simply in
writing more to more passage, but in writing
correct language too. An ordinary elaboration
in correct language fetches more marks than a
fine idea written in incorrect language.
(22-1) x 100% = (4-1) x 100%
$$ {M>$$ AV$$ $$ (r)

= 7 .$
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1232 ^..$ AV$$.
= 462 ^..$
Shortcut :
M$M Cy AV$$ N~
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O$$ 462 ^..$ AV$$.
$$ {M>$$ AV$$ $$ (r) $$ {$^y @
= 14 .$
9) JM AV$$ $$ 14 .$ A$$
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N~ O$$$ M$V$$$?
= 1232 ^..$
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1232 ^..$ AV$$.
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Shortcut : [2x + (x2/100)]% $$
{M>$$ x = 10
[2x10+(102/100)]% = [20+(100/100)]%
= (20+1)% = 21%
$$ {$^y @
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4) 4:9 5) 8:27
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6) 800% 7) 2600%
(T.S.A) = 3r2
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= 3 x (22/7) x 72 = (3x22x49)/7
9) 1848 ^..$
= 3234/7 = 462 ^..$
M$M Cy AV$$ N~ 10) 44%
Ms Ms$
O$$ 462 ^..$ AV$$.
M_V r, M{
Shortcut : (66/7)r2
@ 9885357654
= 3 x 100% = 300%
Descriptive writing
While expansion of a quotation or saying
is an expansion of idea, a description passage
requires the faculty of observation and then
drawing a true picture of what one sees. As
this is to between in one paragraph only the
= (2x22x196)/7 = 8624/7
= 1232 ^..$
|Tq|]eDeTT\-6
(x3-1) x 100% $$ {M>$$ x = 2
(23-1) x 100% = (8-1) x 100%
Shortcut :
r13 : r23
candidates should start straightway giving

complete details in a hutshell. Emotions and
sentiments may form a part of all writing,
whether thought provoking or requiring obser
vation. But definitions and explanations are
the beauty of the passage and occupy space
which could be devoted to a better thought or
description.
A good expansion depends upon the thinking capacity of the candidate. It is true that
some quotations are set in the papers again
and again. Many of them have been explained
in the specimens that follows. But many new
ones also set which the candidate might never
of come accross. Thus candidates cannot dep
end upon cramming. They have to think over
the topic and express their own idea upon it.
Sometimes it is said that the candidates must
begin with explaining the topic before elaborating it. It may be helpful for a student / candidate who has none of his own ideas. One,
who has formed the habit of forming one's
y$ V$$ $$ 1:2 A$$ s M$M Cy V$$ E O$$

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Shortcut :
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V
$$ $$MP $$ 3 r$ A$$ E
r12 : r22
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$*$$Z $V$ $$$ M$V$$$?
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Shortcut :
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s $$MP E O$$ M$V$$$?
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own opinions, can hit the topic straightway,

sticking of course to the topic. Sometimes a
candidates may be having an opinion just the
opposite of what has been asserted in the quotation. He should express it giving arguments
in favor of his own opinion quite humbly. An
expansion should contain only one idea. One
or two examples may be added supporting the
idea. It should neither be full of examples nor
just barren stereo-typed philosophic discus-
= 7 x 100% = 700%
M$M Cy V$$ $*$$ 700%

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f$ @ $$ {M>$$ AV$$
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AV$$ {M O$$ (C.S.A)
= 2r2 = 2x(22/7)x142
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
T<ys+ 9 |e] 2011
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VECTORS
(Very Short Answer Questions)
1. The Position vectors of two points 'A' and
'B' are a and b respectively. If 'C' is a point
on AB such that AC = 5 AB then find the
position vector of 'C'.
2. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2i+3j+k and parallel
to the vector 4i-2j+3k.
3. OABC is a parallelogram. If OA = a and
OC = c, find the vector equation of the
side BC.
4. Find the vector equation of the line
Joining the points 2i+j+3k and -4i+3j-k.
5. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points i-2j+5k, -5j-k and
-3i+5j
6. If A= 3i-j-4k, B=-2i+4j-3k, C=i+2j-k then
find the values of (i) 2A-B+3C (ii)
|A+B+C| (iii) A unit vector parllel to 3A2B+4c.
7. Let a = i+2j+3k and b=3i+j. Find the unit
vector in the direction of a+b.
8. If the vectors -3i+4j+k and i+8j+6k are
collinear vectors then find and .
9. a=2i+5j+k and b=4i+mj+nk are collinear
vectors, then find '' and ''.
10. Let a=2i+4j-5k, b=i+j+k and c=j+2k find
the unit vector in the opposite dircetion of
a+b+c.
11. Find the area of paralleogram having a=2jk and b=-i+k as adjacent sides.
12. Find the area of the parallelogram whose
diagonals are 3i+j-2k and i-3j+4k.
13. Find the area of the le, havig 3i+4j and 5i+7j as two of its sides.
14. Find the volume of the parallelopiped having coterminus edges i+j+k, i-j and i+2j-k.
15. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having
the edges i+j+k, i-j and i+2j+k.
16. Let a, b, c be non-coplanar vectors. If
[a+2b 2b+c 5c+a] = [abc], then find .
17. If a = (1, -1, -6), b = (1, -3, 4), c=(2, -5, 3)
then compute the following (i) a.(bxc) (ii)
ax(bxc) (iii) (axb)xc
18. Find 't' for which the vectors 2i-3j+k, i+2j3k and j-tk are coplanaer.
Short Answer Questions
1. Prove that the vector a-2b+3c, -2a+3b-4c,
a-3b+5c are coplanar, where a, b, c are
non-coplanar vectors.
3. If a, b, c are linearly independent vectors,
then S.T a-2b+3c, -2a+3b-4c, -b+2c are
linearly dependent.
4. Show that the four points -a+4b-3c, 3a+
2b-5c, -3a+8b-5c, -3a+2b+c are coplanar,
where a, b, c are non-coplanar vectors.
5. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with
centre 'O' then prove that AB+AC+AD+
AE+AF = 3AD = 6AO
6. In the two dimenional plane, prove by
usig vector methods, the equation of line
whose intercepts on the axes are 'a' and 'b'
is x/a+y/b = 1.
7. If a+b+c = 0 then P.T axb = bxc=cxa
8. For any vector a, show that |axi|2-|axj|2
+|axk|2 = 2|a|2.
9. IF r is any vector then prove that

i) ix(rxi)+jx(rxj)+kx(rxk) = 2r
ii) (r.i)i+(r.j)j+(r.k)k = r
10. Find the area of the triangle formed with
the points A(1, 2, 3), B(2, 3, a), C(3, 2, 1)
11. If a, b, c are non coplanar, prove that the
points 2a+3b-c, a-2b+3c, 3a+4b-2c, a-6b+6c
are coplanar by using vector eq of plane.
12. Show that the points (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 3), (2,
-1, 1) form an isosceles triangle. find the
direction cosines of the sieds.
13. Show that the points (2, 4, -1), (4, 5, 1), (3,
6, 3) from an isosceles right angled triangle. Find the D.C's of the sides.
14. Show that the points i+2j+3k, -i-j+8k,
-4i+4j+6k form an equilated triangle.
15. The angle in a semicircle is a right angle.
Long Answer Questions

1. Prove that by vector method
i) cos(+) = cos.cos-sin.sin
ii) cos() = cos.cos+sin.sin
iii) sin(+) = sin.cos+cos.sin
iv) sin() = sin.cos-cos.sin
v) In ABC (sinA)/a = (sinB)/b = (sinC)/c
vi) In ABC = a2=b2+c2-2ab cosA
vii) In ABC a = bcosC+ccosB
viii) In = s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
FUNCTIONS
1. Let f:A--> B, g:B--->C be bijections, then
prove that gof: A-->C is a bijection.
2. f:A-->B, g:B-->C are two bijections,then
show that (gof)-1 = f-1og-1
3. Le f:A-->B, IA and IB be identify functions
and 'A' and 'B' respectively. Then show
that foIA = f = IBof.
4. If f:A-->B and g:B-->A are two functions
such that gof = IA and fog = IB then show
that g=f-1.
5. If f:A-->B is a bijection, then fof-1=IB and
f-1of = IA.
6. If f:Q-->Q is defined by f(x) = 5x+4 xQ
show that 'f'is a bijection and find f-1.
Very Short Answe Questions

1. If A = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2} and f:A-->B is a
surjection defined by f(x) = x2+x+1 then
find B.
2. Find the domain of the real valued function f(x) = 4x-x2.
3. If f:Q-->Q defined by f(x) = 5x+4 find f-1.
4. Find the domain of the function f(x)=
log(x2-4x+3).
5. Find the domain of the real valued function
f(x) = 16-x2 and f(x) = (3+x+3-x)/x .
Important Questions
ix) Show that the angle between the diag
ols of a cube is cos-1(1/3)
2. if a, b, c are three vectors then show that
i) (axb)xc = (a.c)b-(c.b)a
ii) ax(bxc)=(a.c)b-(a.b)c
iii) [b+c c+a a+b] = 2[a b c]
3. If a = i-2j-3k b=2i+j-k c= i+3j-2k then
show that ax(bxc) (axb)xc
4. If a = 2i+j-3k, b=-i+2j-4k c = i+j+k then
find (axb)(bxc).
5. If a = 2i+j-3k b=i-2j+k c = -i+j-4k d=
i+j+k then compute |(axb)x(cxd)|.
6. If |a| = |b| = 5 (a, b) = 450 then find the area
of the le constructed with the vectors
a-2b, 3a+2b as adjacent sides.
7. If A = [1, -2, -1] B=(4, 0, -3] c = [1, 2, -1]
D = [2, -4, 5] then find the distance
between AB and CD.
8. Find the volume of tetrahrduon formed by
the points [1, 2, 1] [3, 2, 5] [2, -1, 0] [-1, 0, 1].
9. Find the vector equation and its cartesian
from of the plane containing the points [2,
3, -1] [4, 5, 2] [3, 6, 5].
10. Find the equation of the plane passing
through the points A[3, -2, -1] and parallel
to the vectors b=i-2j+4k and c= 3i+2j-5k
11. a.b.c. are non-zero vectors and a is perpendicular to both b and c. if |a| = 2 |b| = 3
|c| = 4 and (b, c) = 2/3 then find |[a b c ]|.
12. Find the shortest distance between the
skew lines r = (6i+2j+2k)+t (i-2j+2k) and
r = (-4i-k)+s(3i-2j-2k).
+(12+22+32)+.....upto 'n' terms = n(n+1)2

(n+2)/12 nN.
3. using the principle of mathematical induction, show that 1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+....upto
'n' terms = n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)/4 ; nN
4. By using mathematical Induction prove that,
a+ar+ar2+...'n' terms = a(rn-1)/(r-1) ; nN
5. By using mathematical Induction P.T
13/1+13+23/1+3 + 13+23+33/1+3+5+.... 'n'
terms = n/24[2n2+9n+13]., nN.
6. using mathematical induction prove that
3.52n+1+23n+1 is divisible by '17' nN.
7. using mathematical induction show that
1/1.4+1/4.7+1/7.10+...upto 'n' terms =
n/3n+1; nN.
8. using mathematical induction S.T 49n+
16n-1 is divisible by 64 nN.
9. By using mathematical induction S.T
xn-yn is divisible by x-y nN.
10. using mathematical induction P.T the formla.
2+3.2+4.22+...up to 'n' terms = n.2n,
nN.
HEIGHTS AND DISTANCE

Long Answer Questions.
6. If f:R--->R and g:R--->R are defined by

f(x) = 3x-1 and g(x) = x2+1 then find (i)
(fog)(x) ii) (gof)(x).
7. If 'f' and 'g' are real valued funcions
defined by f(x) = 2x-1 and g(x) = x2 then
find (i) (fg)(x) (ii) (f+g+z) (x)
8. Find the domain and range of the function
f(x) = x/(2-3x)
9. Find the domain of the real valued function f(x)= 1/[x]2-[x]-2 where [x] is gretest
integer function (or) step function.
10. If f:R-{1}--->R is defined by f(x) = log
|1+x/1-x| then s.t f(2x/1+x2) = 2f(x).
11. Find the domain of f(x) = 49-x2 and f(x)
= 1+x+[1/loge(1-x)]
12. If h(x) = x, g(x) = 2x2 and f(x) = 3 then find
the value of (fogoh)(x).
13. Find the inverse of the function f:R-->
(o,) defined by f(x) = 5x and g(x) = logx2
14. If f:R--->R is defined by f(x) = 1-x2/1+x2
the S.T f(Tan) = Cos2.
15. If f:R--->R, g:R-->R are defined by f(x) =
4x-1 and g(x) = x2+2 then find gof (a+1/4).
MATHEMATICAL
INDUCTION
Long Answer Quations
1. Prove by mathematical Induction
a+(a+d)+(a+2d)+....up to 'n' terms =
n/2[2a+(n-1)d]; nN
2. By using the principle of mathematical
Induction, then prove that 12+(12+22)
1. From the top of a tree on the bank of a

lake, an aeroplane in the sky makes an ang
le of elevation and its image in the river
makes an angle of depression ''. If the
height of the tree from the water surface is
'a' and the height of the aeroplane is 'h'
show that h = a sin(+)/sin ().
2. one end of the ladder is in conatct with a
wall and the other end is in contact with
the level ground making an angle ''. when
the foot of the ladder is moved through
distance 'a' cms away from the wall, the
end in contact with the wall slieds through
'b' cms along the wall and the angle made
by the ladder with the level ground is now
'' . show that a = b Tan (+/2).
3. on a tower AB of height 'h', there is a flag
- staff BC. At a point of 'd' meters away
from the foot of the tower, AB and BC are
making equal angles. show that the height
of the flag - staff is h [d2+h2/d2-h2] mts.
4. A pillar is leaning towards east and '' and
'' are the angles of elevation of the top of
the pillar from two points due west of the
pillar at distance 'a' and 'b' respectively.
show that the angle between the pillar and
horizantal is [Tan-1 (ba/(bcot- a cot)
(to be continued...)
phani_maths@yahoo.com
10
T<ys+ 9 e] 2011
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MODEL PAPER
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ENGLISH PAPER-II - PART-B

(continued from page-3)
(14) Read the passage and answer the following questions:Harry Lawrance explained that besides
mathematics, Ruth also enjoyed English,
History, Geography, Nature Study and other
subjects. She began to read at four and started
academic subjects at five. 'We did not start off
with the thought that would not go to school'.
he said, 'but we enjoyed teaching her so much
and we seemed to be making quite a good job
of it, so we just carried on.'
5 Marks.
(a) What subjects did Ruth enjoy?
(b) When did she begin to read?
(c) When did she start academic subjects?
(d) What did her father say?
(e) How did they feel teaching her?
(15) Read the following passage carefully:
Alexander the great was the powerful and
legendary king of ancient Greece. He was
born to king Philip -II of Macedon in 356B.C.
He was known for his brilliant military
powess. He was a great ruler and strategist.
Thessaly, a place near Greece, was famous for
its horses and horsemanship. The horse,
bought from the horse traders, was magnificent and regal. It was absolutely unmanageable by any of those present. Alexander was
also present during the occasion. The horse
was not willing to anyone to mount on it.

Alexander requested his father to allow him
the opportunity to mount the horse. Alexander
was adamant. Alexander went forward to the
razing horse. Holding the horse's head in his
arms, Alexander began to talk softly to the
horse. He turned the horse around. He
grasped the reins firmly and in one quick
move, mount the horse. Alexander rode the
horse all around the stadium. He alighted in
front of his father and bowed to him.
Answer the following questions, put a tick
mark against the right answer:- 4 Marks
1)Who was Alexander?
a)He was the powerful and legendary
b) He was king Philip-II of Macedon
c) He was a horse trader.
d) He was an Indian king
2) He was born in
a) 300 B.C. [ ]
(b) 365 B.C
c) 356 B.C
[ ]
(c) 325 B.C
(3) He was known as
a) a military officer [ ]
b) a brilliant military powess
c) Bucephalus [ ] (d) a wise man
4) Alexander had the opportunity
(a) to play with horse
(b) to rein and mount the horse
(c) to challenge the soldiers
[
[
[
[
]
]
]
]
[
[
]
]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
(d) to order the soldiers

[ ]
(B) Given below are SIX Statements three of
them are true.
3x1 = 3
(1) Alexander was a great ruler and strategist.
[ ]
(2) The horse was brought from the soldiers
[ ]
(3) Alexander changed his mind
[ ]
(4) Alexander began to talk to horse
[ ]
(5)The horse was magnificent and regal [ ]
(6) His father asked him round the horse [ ]
(16) Read the following passage carefully:Science gave many wonders. Now a days
computers are widely used. They have
reduced man's mental labour. Computer can
be defined as a machine that calculates anything. How we have small devices that stores
lots of information. Information fed to the
computer is called data. The solutions based
on their data is called processing. A computer
receives and processes information and provides solutions. Storing of information is
done by the memory unit of the device. They
are largely used in offices, educational institutions, business organizations and banks.
Computers have a great use in Space
Research Centres. Different computer languages are used as Basic, Cobol, Fortran.
Computers can be classified into digital computers, analog computers and hybrid computers.
Answer the following questions:2x1=2
{*f ?
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a)What are the uses of Computers?
i)..
(ii)
.
b) There are five words in List-A. The meanings of four of them are given in List-B.
Choose the right word from List-A.
List-A: labour, device, information, memory,
reduced.
List-B: (i) a period of work --------- -------(ii)ability to remember things ----------- -----------iii) an object designed to do particular job
(iv) facts about somebody ..
( 4x = 2)
(c) Complete the following sentence using a
word:
(i) Computer can be defined .
(ii) Information fed to the computer
(2x =1)
(d) The solutions based on
(i) ii)..
(2x1=2)
(e) Answer the following in a word
(1) What languages are used in computers?
(2) How can the computers be classified?
(2x =1)
- P.N.BHASKAR RAO
School Assistant(English)
Nellore
12
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T<ys+ 9 e] 2011
th
10
CLASS ENGLISH
PAPER-I
PART-A
Answer any five.
(5 x2= 10M)
1. Do you agree that the king's love and admi
ration for himself was abnormal?
2. What makes the poet's list and the Read
er's list strangely similar to each other?
3. Why did Poly a suspect her husband?
4. What is the main aim of the Chipko movement?
5. What made the manager think that the
narrator worked for Pinkerton Detective
Agency?
6. The narrator made one last mistake before
leaving the bank? What was it?
7. Howwer John Bland Ford and Hollis
Meynell going to recognise each other?
8. "The seed of achievement lies in the hum
an mind" how is this true of Sudha Chan
dran's life?
9. Why is the wanderer always thinking
about true identity?
10. The problem had been dropped into the
Mahatma's lap? What was it?
11. Complete the following stanza.
(5M)
Each, for his own......
......................while snow,
(or)
Where the mind........
.....depth of truth.
12. Read the following passage and answer
the questions.
(3M)
"I too feel pain, I am your friend. I bring
you fresh air, I bring you water, I always
bow down before you . Why do you cut
me down?"
1) Who is the speaker of the words?
2) Who is talking to?
3) What does the speaker say?
13. "I could'nt go back to the country to my
family. It would hold my work. I am a
writer."
(2M)
1) Who is the speaker?
2) Why could'nt he go back?
PART-B
14. Complete the passage choosing the right
words:
(2 1/2M)
Brahmadatta..........extremely fond of hun
ting. One day he ......, hunting with his
courtiers................went deep...............the
forest......................there they
saw lake and beautiful stag.
1. a) was
b) are
c) is
d) were.
2. a) has gone b)goes c) went
d) had gone
3. a) we
b) they c)he
d)she
4. a) into
b) in
c)of
d)for
5. a) but
b)and
d)then d)so
15. Match the Part A sentences with Part B:
(2 1/2 M)
Part 'A'
1) When I got home
( )
2) Since I haven't money ( )
3) You will read the book, ( )
4) If they had played well
( )
5) Kausik is learning Russian ( )
Part 'B'
a) I can't build a new house.
b) they had already slept
c) they would have won.
d) so that he wants to study in Russia
e) won't you?
16. Study the following pair of sentences
and the questions.
(1M)
(a) Bhanu looks through the problem.
(b) Chandu looks into the problem.
(Q) Who will attend the exam?
Ans.:......... ...............
17. Two English men made the discovery.
(Change into passive voice)
(1M)
18. I woke up late. I missed the school bus
(1M)
As................. ........
19. You are sitting in a bus waiting for it to le
ave It's already twenty minutes late. (lM)
It's time................ .............
20. Fill in the blanks with correct forms of
the verbs:
(2x 1/2 =1M)
(i) She's...............(wait) for you in the
restaurant.
(ii) Manu tried to stop him and.... (catch)
hold of his hand.
21. Fill in the blanks choosing the right
a) Sachin is a professional. He is a cricketer by.................................

b) Neeraja invited her friend for her birthday party. She could not accept her..........
c) Gandhiji was a great leader. Every one
appreciated his.............................
d) Reforestation is an important thing.
People should know the....................of it.
25. Put the following words under correct
heading:
(8x1/4=2M)
1) cardiac, psycho, leprosy, diabetes,
fever, leper diabetic optician
Disease
Persons
26. Complete the following words by using
ie, ei, ia and ai
(2 x 1/2=1M)
(a)shr_k (b) Cl_m
27. Complete the following words with the
letters given in the brackets: (2 x1/2=1M)
a) Electri_____(city, sity)
b) llliter___(ete, ate).
28. One word in each set is spelt wrongly,
Underline the word. (2 x 1/2=lM)
a)courtier, gangrenous, correspondant,
accountant.
b) nieghbour, performance, financial,
exhibition.
29. In each set the letters underlined in two
Model Paper
word:
(4 x 1/2=2M)
1) Please accept the gift with the complements..........his friend.
( of, from, with)
2) The Government has cut
.............
medical supplies to the hospitals.
(off, out, down)
3) Sushma and Sunil made..............each
other.
(of, for, with)
4) The car broke......................when it was
a big storm (off, out, down)
22. Choose the right answer given in the
brackets:
(4 x 1/2=2M)
a) Poornima was...........in a road accident.
(injured, wounded, knocked)
b) Some one has a disability in controlling
the muscles in some parts of the body.......
(cripple, spastic, mute)
c) The manager...........the proposal of
reforming system.
(rejected, refused, hesitated)
d) My uncle got eye pain. He should see...
(ophthalmologist, cardiologist, dermatologist)
23. Fill in the blanks with the opposites to
those underlined words: (4 x 1/2=2M)
1) He is talkative but his friend is.............
2) The clerk closed the file, the Secretary.
...............it.
3) Anu is polite man, but his brother is......
4) We always encourage the players. We
never..............them.
24. Fill in the blanks with the right form of
the underlined words:
(4 x 1/2=2M)
words are pronounced in the same way.

Find the words and copy them out.
(2 x 1/2=1M)
a) glass, bread, heart, said.
b)pleasure, age, leisure, pledge
30. Arrange the words in alphabetical
order:
(4 x 1/2=2M)
clear, clever, classic, correct.
31. Your friend has started smoking. Advise
him not to do it.
(1M)
32. Put a tick mark against the right answer:
(2 x 1/2=1M)
(i) Could I use your telephone?
(a) suggestion
(
)
(b) seeking permission
(
)
(c) request
(
)
(d) offering help
(
)
(ii) You must not take liquor,
(a) command
(
)
(b) advice
(
)
(c) request
(
)
(d)suggestion
(
)
33.Change the following in a polite request:
(1M)
Conductor to passenger ' count your change'
34.Your friend damaged your cellphone. What
would you say?
(1M)
-------------------------------------------------------
PAPER -II
Part - A Marks : 30
( I-10 ) Answer any Five
(5x1=5M)
1. What kind of man was Antonio ? Why did
the people of Venice love and respect him
2. Why was Shylock against Jessica marry-
ing Lorenzo ?
"All that glitters is not gold" how was it
true in Morocco's life ?
4. What did Portia say when she gave Bass
anio a ring ? What did Bassanio promise?
5. Portia made an appeal to Shylock at the
beginning? What was the appeal?
6. What good news did Portia bring for Antonio ?
7. What did the silver casket contain ?
8. Why did Portia ask Shylock to arrange a
doctor ? Did Shylock agree ? Why ?
9. What were Gratiano and Jessica quarreling ? What did she ask him about the present ?
10. What kind of bond did Shylock want
from Antonio ?
11. Then looking at it with his eyes half shut,
he said: "The light is dim. Read out the
letter to me." And he promptly handed the
sheet of paper to the jailor. Finding that he
could not remember a word of the letter
either, the jailor replied: "The light is
indeed dim, sir. I must get my glasses".
Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the
jailor returned a few minutes later with a
pair of glasses and the usual copy of the
letter, which he then proceeded to read to
the prisoner.
a) What did the jailor say?
b) Who did he handover the letter ?
c) What did the jailor reply?
d) When did the jailor come back ?
e) Who was cleverer, the jailor or the prisoner?
12.Write a story using hints
Old former - four lazy sons - quarrel themselves - father worries - wants to change - in
vain - on death bed - calls them - hides some
treasure - field - ask them to dig - take treasure after death - die - go to the field - dig up
every inch - find no treasure - advise them to
sow wheat - rich harvest
(Or)
A dog - very hungry - goes - in search of reaches a meat shop - steals a piece of meat eats alone - crosses a river - see reflection in
the river - thinks another dog - carries a piece
3
of meat - mouth - barks - a piece of meat falls - sad
13.The in-sanitary conditions in your locality.

The streets are full of garbage and complaining the Municipal Commissioner to
set right the sanitary conditions. (10 M)
(Or)
Write a letter to your brother advising him to
participate in sports and
games.
( Part-B on Page -11)
P. N. Bhaskara Rao
School Asst.
Nellore
T<ys+ 9 e] 2011
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Paper - I
Part - A
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A$$Z (CAPITAL LETTERS )
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1.
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)
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) 4
y) 2
Note: 1. D {M Z H $V$ {M$ 5. D {M Z y* A$P
*$ {$y.
4x1=4M
M>
( )
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Z Q ^$ G ${$?
*$Z Er$.
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V> $ MW Es$$.
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13.
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.................... As$.
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B
y ^$.
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>
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CO2 $ .......................... As$.
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Note: 1. D {M Z H JM {M$
20. sP $ $r......................
*$$ {$y.
III. D {M f^y. { {M$ 1/2
2. D {M$ I$ *$P$. (1 x 5 = 5 M)
*$P.
(5 x 1/2 = 2 1/2)
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GROUP - B
r X$y? V>$ V$^y?
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Time: 30 Minutes
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23. M
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Time: 2 Hours
Marks: 35
SECTION - I
18
26. $O BP
27. V*Mg
28. *s
29. i
30. Gs
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6
1.
2. G
3. y
4.
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6.
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8. G
9.
10.
12
10
2 Marks Questions
1. M>, {M$$ $*M> G[M>t $

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3. A**, PCl5 A$# BM$$ X$$$$
4. 750 $.. 0.4M V> V NaOH f
{Z NaOH * Q G ?
5. $M As H$s ?
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2.12
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Z Q ^$ G ${$?
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# $$s MP^y ?
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11.
{
f,
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10. f {st >$, E*V>$ $#$$ ?
12.
M>
s sZ M$V$$. M> MZ
5 Marks (Diagrams)
M$V$. M>$$s ?
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V$^y.
14. {s $$ $#$$.
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M ^*$#y$ Hy$ A$
4 Marks Questions
P Q$ r X$y, r $ 1. Z *$ $*Z {$
#$ V$^y.
y? D $*Z V y$
3. y$P$$ $$MP E $$, oVM
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Important Questions
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A.V. SUDHAKAR ,
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School Asst.
20. M>r AV>$ ?
Inukurthi Cell: 9951686894
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(4x4=16)
{V*# & G
f- O 2
15. M--f *-V-{M$M$ M> yO BMOy A-(Biological Sciences)
-$ Gr$ --$?
sO$@ 2 Vr$
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t & G
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17. -Z $* {V {$$Q H$s? D
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$ -y?
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V$-$?
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4. M> As H$s?
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(5x2=10)
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11. ${$ {V..........................
12. Z {M$$ y-M> $..............
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13. AP >Z G
MM$y*y$?
13. {s-M>-$-$$Z fV $ ^-$ A-$

^ {-kqy$.........
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15. DVZ...... --M- ^ Ay y$-Z -$--y$-$.
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s$$. M>V> $$M 500 {V>. $$*$y 20. 1+1/2+1/4+1/8+............a=................
500 {V>. $V Wf$s$$. Vt III. Matching
(10 x 1/2 = 5)
Time 2 1/2 Hours
Max Marks : 50
i) Group-A
Group-B
$
rM
$
JMP
$
Parts - A and B
^$$?
21. AB $$$ n(A)=5, ( ) A) 8
Section - I
(5 x 2 = 10)
n(B) = 6 A$$ n(AB)
20. a1/3+b1/3+c1/3 = 0 A$$ (a+b+c)3 = 27abc
*^$ @1) D {M$ A $$$ B {V*#Z
22. 'I' JM $$
A ^*#$$.
( ) B) 0
JMPMP $y M$$ y$ {$ ^ 21. 05.+0.55+0.555+...... V${ n $
{$$$O I-1(4) =
$$$$ 5 {M$ *$ >$$$$.
23. f(x) =2x A$$
$$ M$V$$$.
( ) C) 5
2) JMPMP {M$ 2 *$P$.
fof(2) =
22. (b+c), (c+a), (a+b)$ H.PZ Es 1/a2,
Group-A
1/b2,1/c2 $ M*y H.PZ Ey$ ^*#$$. 24. 6x2-5 = 0 $$MP
( ) D) 11
$
*$
$
$
$
$
({^$, $$$, {$*$, $$$)
Section - IV
(
) E) 6
1. A {M $M A, B$ y$ E$ *^$ @ 1) D {M {Z JMM 25. x2-3x+kM$ x-2
M>
$
$
A
$
$
k=
$$ A$$ AB = A-B1 = B - A1 A
*$$ >$$$$.
F) 4
^*y.
2) JM {M$ 5 *$P$.
G) 2
2.$$ê$$$$ __, stM$ >$y. 23. Y = x2 >$ $ x2-5x+6 = 0
H) 5/6
3. f: R-{2} ----> R $ f(x) = 2x+1/x-2 A
$ ^$$$.
ii. Group-A
Group-B
_ f(2x+1/x-2) = x A ^*y.
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Alphabet series
In this type of questions a sequence of english alphabets (either individual letter series
or a sequence of combination of letters) is
provided which are usually called TERMS
of the sequence. All the terms in sequence
follow a certain pattern throughout the series. The candidates are required to recognise this pattern and either complete the
series with most suitable alternative or find
out the wrong term in the series. The questions based on English alphabets generally
harp on the relative positions of alphabets.
Therefore, you should remember the positions of alphabet both from left to right and
from right to left. If you do know the position number of any alphabet from right
number of any alphabet from right to left. If
you do know the position number of any
alphabet from left to right, then you can
determine its position in the reverse order
of subtracting that position number from 27,
for instance, the position number of letter H
is 8 in English alphabet if we countfrom left
to right. Now you can easily find out its postion number counting from your right. Its
position number thus, in the reverse order
would be 27-8=19th. You can verify this fact
by reffering to the following illustration.
Some important tips for solving questions
based on English alphabet.
i.
From your right implies from right to left
ii. From your left implies from left to right

iii. To the right implies from left to right.
iv. To the left implies from right to left
v. If you have find out a letter to the right your
right, you should apply the subtraction
method.
It implies that 15-8=7th letter from the left.

But the order of the first half of the letters
has been reversed. Thus
M L K J I H G F E D C B A N O PQ..
Ex.2: If the position of the first letter of
English alphabet is interchanged with
the position of the fourteenth letter, second letter with fifteenth letter in such a
way that M is interchanged with Z, them
which of the following letters will be 9th
to the right of 17th letter from the right?
1)F
2) E
3) R
Answer : (1)
Answer to question the new sequence
would be
9th to the right of 17th letter from the right

means (17-9) =8th letter from the right.
Ex.3 : In the given English alphabet if the letters begining with B and every second
letter after them is written in capital lette
-rs and others written in small letters then
the word conclude will be written as:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ
4) ConCludE
vii. You should remember EJOTY, which helps

in determining the position of other alphabets counting from your left. Each letter in
the term EJOTY represents the position
which is multiple of 5. Thus.
According to question the structure of

alphabets would be :
O T
viii. Similarly, the term VQLGB signifies the

same arrangement in the reverse order of
English alphabets.
V
Q L
10 15 20 25
2) H
AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUv
WxYz
C
O N
3) G
4) I
Ex.4: In the following letter series which of

the alternatives given below will come in
the place of the question mark(?)?
1) jk
2) im
5) none of these
ef vu
Ex.1:If the order of first half of the letters in

the English alphabet is reversed which
letter will be eigth to the left of fifteenth
letter from the left?
1) F
Answer : (3)
Ans : (3)
+1
Thus,
FEDCBALKJ I HGR Q PONMXWVUTSZY
Answer (2)
The alphabetical arrangement of letter of
the given word: 3rd to the right of G
C E
F G
N R
In this question you have to find out third

letter to the right of the seventh letter from
your right. Hence, you canfind the answer
quickly by applying subtraction method.
Required letter will be = 7-3=4th from right
A C
+1
gh ts
3) mn
+1
ij
4) nm
+1
rq kl
F G I
L N
-1
-1
-1
-1
Ex. 5:If all the letters in the word EXTORTIONISTS are arranged in alphabetical
order which letter will be at the middle
position?
1) S
2) R
3) T
5) None of these
Answer : (2)
Answer : (3)
Alphabetical order
Required letter 8th to the left of 15th letter from the left.
EIINOO G
4) N
SSTTTX
Middle letter
5) O
+3
3.(2)D
+4
In the subsequent term the first two letters

are taken from the preceeding term. The
second and the third letters of the first term
constitute the first and the second letters
respectively.
2nd term G KP
First two letters of the next term.
4th term PV C
The second and the third letters of the third
term
Therefore, 3rd term will be letters
SOMETIMES a set of four or five questions

are asked on English alphabet pertaining to
relative position of a letter with respect to
another letter in the alphabet series from
either left or right. Now consider the follwing examples:
Directions (1-3): Following questions are based
on English alphabet
Ex.1: If the letters from T to Z are interchanged in opposite order by the letters
A to G in such a way that A takes the
position of T and so on, then which will
be third letter to the right of 18th letter
from left?
1) Y
2) U
4) C
5) None of these
3) B
Ex.2: If first 6 letters shall be written in

opposite order, then the next 6 letters
shall be written in opposite order and so
on. At the end Y will be interchanged by
Z then which will be the fourth letter to
the left of 13th letter from right?
1) J
2) H
4) O
5) none of these
3) I
Ex.3 : What will come in place of the question mark in the following series ?
po mn
In the original alphabet 21st letter from left

is U but U has been interchanged with B.
Therefore, our required answer will be letter B.
2.(3)According to the question the new
sequence would be
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
5) None of these

C O n
From left to right
3) C
SERIES
3) COnCIUDE
10 15 20 25
5) None of these
8th letter from right F
vi. If you to find out a letter to the right of a certain letter counting from your left you should
apply the addition method.
2) N
4) I
NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFG
HIJKLM
2) COnCLUdE
1) U
4) T
5) None fo these
1) CoNCIUdE
Ex.6: If the letters of the word CENTRIFUGAL are arranged which letter will be
third to the right of the seventh letter
from your right?
DGK GKP? PVC

1) GKV
4) KPU
2) KPV
3) PVZ
5) none of these
Answers with Explanation

1.(3) According to question the new sequence
would be :
TUVWXYZHIJKLMNOPQRSA
BCDEFG
3rd letter to the right of 18th letter from left
means 21st letter (3+18) from the left.
IN YET ANOTHER type of questions of

alphabets, all the letters A to Z are
assigned certain numerical value and then
some questions are asked which can be
solved by calculating the value of the given
alphabets. Now consider the following
examples.
Ex. If all the consonants starting from B are
given
Ex. If all the consonants starting from B are
given sequentially the value of even numbers such as B=2, C=4 and so on and all
the vowels are given the value of 5 each,
then what will be the value of the letters of
the word CUSTOM?
1) 92 2) 86 3) 82
none of these
4) 96 5)
Ans (4)
A B
C D E F G H I
5 2
4 6
10 12 5
14 16 18 20
K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

22 5
24 26 28 30 32 5
34 36 38 40 42
According to question
Now,
C U
O M
4 + 5 + 30 + 32 + 5 + 20 = 96
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EAMCET GUIDANCE
MATHS
Model 1 : Nature of Funtions
1. Let 'Z' denote the set of all integers
define f : z z by f (x) = x/2 : x is even
0 : x is odd
then 'f' is
a) onto but not one-one
b) one-one but not into
c) one-one and onto
d) neither one-one not onto
2. A = {0, 1, 2, 3}, B = {-7, -2, 3, 6, 8, 11}.
If 'f' is defined 'A' into 'B' defined by
f(x) = 5x - 7, then 'f' is
a) function
b) one-one
c) onto
d) one-one and onto
1
3. If f : R (0,1] defined by f(x) = 2
x +1
then 'f' is
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a) not one-one
b) not onto
c) not one-one but onto
d) one-one but not onto
If f(x) = x and g(x) = |x|, then f(x) + g(x)
is equal to
a) 0
b) 2x
c) 2x if x > 0; 0 if x < 0
d) 2x if x > 0; -2x if x < 0
Let f : R R be a function defined by
f(x) = cos (2x + 7). This function is
a) Injective
b) Surjective
c) bijective
d) None of these
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {a, b, c, d, e} then
the number of all possible constant
functions from A to B is
a) 9
b) 4
c) 5 d) 16
If f(x) = |x-1|+|x-2|+|x-3|; f:[2, 3] R is
a) one-one, onto function
b) an onto function only
c) an identity function
d) an into function only
Let f : R R is not a constant function
satisfying the conditions f (x+y) = f(x) .
f(y) Then f(0) =
a) 1
b) 0
c) 0 or 1
d) -1
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[Model 2 : Number of functions (1-1, onto,

Bijections ...) from a set to another set]
9. If A - {1, 2, 3, ..., m} and B = {1, 2, 3, ....,
n} then the number of functions from
'A to B' is
a) mn
b) mn
m
c) n
d) mpn
10. The number of injections (one-one)
that can be defined from {a, b, c, d} to
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is
c) 4! d) 5!
4
11. The number of injections (one-one) that
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a) 3!
b) 2!
a) 5!
b) 5
T<ys+ 11 yT 2011
HINTS & SOLUTIONS
Model 1 (Explanations)
1. (a)
f : z z and f(x) = x/2; if 'x' is even
0; if 'x' is odd
It is clearly observed that onto function.
But not one-one, since for each odd integer mapped with zero.
2. (b)
A = {0, 1, 2, 3} B = {-7, -2, 3, 6, 8, 11}
A
f(x) = 5x7
-7
-2
3
8
1
2
3
f(x) = 5x - 7
It is 1-1
3. (c)
1
f(x) = 2 (because f : R (0, 1])
x +1
R
-1
1
1
2
(0, 1]
f(-1) = -1/2
f(1) = 1/2
-1 1 f(-1) = f(1)
'f' is not - one
FUNCTIONS
c) 0
d) 3p2
12. The number of surjectons (onto) that can
be defined from {1, 2, 3, 4} to {x, y} is
a) 14
b) 16
c) 32
d) 33
13. The number of surjectoins (onto) that
can be defined from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} to {a,
b, c} is
a) 243
b) 60
c) 10
d) 150
14. The number of bijective functions
from set A to itself when A contains 108
elements is
4.
(i)
(ii)
5.
and 'f' is onto (because f(a) = b)

'f' is not one-one but onto
(c)
f(x) = x
g(x) = |x|
f(x) + g(x)
= x + |x|
(if x > 0)
=x+x
= 2x
f(x) + g(x)
= x + |x|
(if x < 0)
=x-x
=0
(d)
f(x) = cos (5x + 7)
It is neither injective nor surjective
(c)
[The number of constant functions that
can be defined from A to B is n(B)]
Here n(A) = 4, n(B) = 5
(d)
f(x) = |x-1| + |x-2| + |x-3| ; f : [2, 3] R
an into function only (f : A = B is a function such that there exists at least one element in 'B' which is not the f-image of
any element of A then 'f' is called an into
b) 108!
2
c) 108!
d) 109!
15. Let A = {x, y, z}, B = {u, v, w} and
f : A B defined by f(x) = u, f(y) = v,
f(z) = w then 'f' is
a) surjective but not injective
b) injective but not surjective
c) Bijective
d) none of the above
6.
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Diett-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh - 176031
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7.
Model II
9. (c)
The number of functions from A = B is
[n(B)]n(A)
Here n(A) = m
n(B) = n = nm
10. (a)
Here let A = {a, b, c, d} = n(A) = 4
Let B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} = n (B) = 5
The number of injections (1-1) functions
defined from A B is n(B)pn(A) = 5p4 (if
n(A) < n(B))
5!
= 5! = 5!
(5 - 4)!
1!
(c)
The number of 1-1 function from A B is '0'
if n(A) > n(B) (because here n(A) =
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(a)
The number of onto (surjections) that can
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(Here n(A) > n(B)), 2n(A) - 2
Here n(A) = 4
n(B) = 2 24 - 2 = 16 - 2 = 14
(d)
n(A) = 5 = m
n(B) = 3 = n
If n (A) = m and n (B) = n where m > n
then the number of onto function from A
to B is
= nc0.nm.nc1(n-1)m+nc2 (n-2)m - nc3 (n-3)n
= 3c0 . (3)5 - 3c1 (2)5 + 3c2 (1)5
= 243 - 96 + 3
= 150
(c)
The number of bijections from A set A to
itself is n(A)! (Here n(A) = 108)
= 108!
(c)
=
11.
12.
13.
14.
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f(0) = 1
T<ys+ 11 yT 2011
TAXONOMY :
(..CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK..)
21. Assertion (A) : In Ruscus, aerial stem
modification helps in sexual reproduction
Reason (R) : In Ruscus, cladodes bear
bisexual flowers
22. Arrange the following in descending order
based on the no.of carpels in the gynoecium
A) Liliaceae
B) Malvaceae
C) Fabaceae
D) Solanaceae
1) ABCD
2) BADC
3) CDAB
4) BDCA
23. Find out the correct statement
1) Androecium of Malvaceae show only
cohesion of staments
2) Androecium of Liliaceae flowers shows
both cohesion and adhesion
3) Androecium of Fabaceae flowers shows
neither cohesion nor adhesion
4) Androecium of Solanaceae flowers
shows only adhesion.
24. Study the following lists, identify the correct one.
Scientific name Family Friut type
A.Dalbergia latifolia Fabaceae Legume
B.Malvaviscus arboreus Solanaceae Berry
C. Lilium Candidum Liliaceae Capsule
D. Abelmoschusesculentus Malvaceae
Capsule
1. A & B incorrect 2. B and C incorrect
3. C and D incorrect 4. A and D correct
25. No. of Meiotic divisions that occurs in one
flower of Gloriosa during pollen production and embryosac formation when its
each antherlobe contains 80 pollen grains
and each carpel contain 12 ovules.
1. 480 and 72
2. 240 and 36
3. 200 and 60
4. 400 and 240
26. Name the series characterised by the presence of cup shaped thalamus, two whorls
of perianth with free petals.
1. Disciflorae
2. Inferae
3. Calyciflorae
4. Heteromerae
27. The ratio between series of Monocots and
Dicots
1. 1:3
2. 2:1
3. 1:2
4. 3:1
28. Basis for Bentham and Hooker's system of
classification is
1. Engler and Prantle' system
2. Darwin's origin of species
3. Natural system of dejussieu
4. De Candolle's system
29. The series in Bentham and Hooker's system of classification with epigynous flowers is
|C nqT+<+
1. Disciflorae
2. Inferae
3. Bicarpellatae
4. Heteromerae
30. The condition and arrangement of sepals
and petals in Malvaceae respectively are
1. Free-valvate and fused-twisted
2. Fused-twisted and free-valvate
3. Free-twisted and fused-valvate
4. Fused-valvate and free-twisted
31. The leafy vegetables and fibre yielding
plant with mucilaginous in plant parts is
1. Fenugreek
2. Madras hemp
2. Sum hemp
4. Squill
32. Assertion (A): The ratio between carpels
and locules may be 1:1 or 2:1 in different
species of Solanaceae.
Reason (A): In Solanaceae, septa between
the carpels may be present or may be dissolved or false septum also may be developed in the ovary of different plants.
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the
correct explanation of A.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.
33. Weak stemmed plant showing leaf modification, dehiscent pod with edibles seeds is
1. Dolichos lablab 2. Arachis hypogea
3. Scilla-bulb 4. Ruscus-phylloclade
34.Find the incorrectly matched
1. Gloriosa-rhizome
2. Colchicum- corm
3. Scilla-bulb
4.Ruscus-phylloclade
35. Name the fruit in a Solanaceae member
showing two protoxylem groups in the
roots, straight embryo in the seed and
occational self-pollination, is
1. Berry
2. Septifragal capsule
3. Drupe
4. Achene
36. The ratio between essential and non-essential floral leaves is 3:2, in the flowers of
1. Pisum
2. Solanum
3. Allium
4. Althea
37. The plants and parts useful for curing
asthma
1. Roots of Vakudu and Ummetha
2. Stems of Thorn Apple and Vakudu
3. Fruits of Kamanchi and Vakudu
4. Leaves of Vakudu and Thorn Apple
38. Find out the incorrect statement
1. Root extract of Withania somnifera is
used as rejuventing tonic
2. Aloe is useful for treating piles
3. Both the carpels of Solanaceae turn to
left due to clock wise rotation.
4. Essential organs of Fabaceae are immediately enclosed by anterior most petals.
39. The cross pollination contrivanances
found in Malvaceae are
1. Dicliny and Dichogamy
2. Protandry and Pollen Prepotancy
3. Herkogamy and Heterostyly
4. Protandry and Herkogamy

40. The xerophytes of Fabaceae and
Solanaceae are
1. Ruscus and Ulex
2. Ulex and Solanum surrattense
3. Crotalaria and Ruscus
4. Aloe and Dracaena
Answers:
21) 3 22) 2 23) 4 24) 1 25) 2 26) 3 27) 3 28)
4 29) 2 30) 4 31) 2 32) 1 33) 3 34) 4 35)
2 36) 3 37) 4 38) 3 39) 4 40) 2
Misc. Questions.
1. A:- Free Central placentation is found in
Dianthus
R:- Septa in the ovary with axile placentation degenerate
in Dianthus.
1) A, R are true, R explains A
2) A, R are true R does't explains A
3) A is true, R is false
4) A is false, R is true
2. When stamens of a flower connate by their
filaments only. forming more than two
bundles, it is seen in...
1) Datura
2) Hibiscus
3) Brassica
4) Citrus
11
3. A Solitory Stamen represent the male

flower in.....
1) Hypanthodium 2) Verticellaster
3) Cyathium
4) 1 & 3
4. Assymmetric flowers are seen in....
1) Canna indica 2) Ocimum
3) Cosia
4) Catharanthus
5. Study the statments & find out the suitable
statements related to Acalypha.
A) it is monoecious
B) It has drooping spike
C) It
hsas special type of alternate phyllota
D) It has two long and 4 short stamens.
1) A only
2) A, B, C
3) A, C, D
4) C, B, D
6. Nuter flower of colacasia is functionally
similar to
1) Ray floret
2) gall flowers
3) Achlamydous
4)Monochlamydous
flowers
Answers:
1) 1 2) 4 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2 6)2
M.Raghavendra
Lecturer
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T<ys+ 11 yT 2011

(Continued from Last week)
ee
someone
who is
-en
made of
-er
someone
who does
something
-ess
used to
denote the
feminine
gender
employee
payee
interviewee
nominee
trainee
examinee
golden
soften
silken
darken
interviewer
employer
trainer
player
dancer
singer
manager
gardener
actress
lioness
head-mistress
hostess
goddess
Add prefixes to the following:

Normal
abnormal / subnormal
like
partial
pure
known
decent
successful
comfortable
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
dislike
impartial
impure
unknown
indecent
unsuccessful
uncomfortable
(Data Analysis)
$$ AV> *^$$ A A$$.
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M.$. $$$ VrM$ 80 kmph
$*y
10 M.$. *$$$ {*_^ B M>$
$$MP > V$$$ M$V$$$ ?
Short cut
(3 S1S2S3)/ (S1S2 + S2S3+S3S1)
S1 =30, S2=60, S3=80
3 X 30 X 60 X80/30 X 60 + 60 X80 + 80
X 30)
= 432000/9000 = 48 kmph
locate
integrate
adequate
human
:
:
:
:
dislocate
disintegrate
inadequate
inhuman
Add suffixes to the following:

advise
resist
Europe
fever
danger
regular
dispose
rely
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
advisor
resistance
European
feverish
dangerous
regularise
disposal
reliance
VOCABULARY
examine
care
friend
:
:
:
examination
careful
friendly
SILENT LETTERS
BV$$Z Z M A>$ M$$. s

As$.
silent letters
The following is the list of some words and the silent letters in
them.
Words
Silent letters
head, bread, deaf, meant
a
debt, lamb, bomb, tomb
b
muscle, black, yacht
c
wednesday, handkerchief,
handbag
d
honour, heir, ghost, night
h
$$ {$^y
1. JM M>$ VrM$ 20 kmph
^
$$s 10 M.$., VrM$ 30 kmph ^
y 10 M.$. $$$ VrM$ 60 kmph
$*y 10 M.$. *$$$ {*_^
B M>$ $$MP > V$$$ M$V$$$ ?
V$$ X
Post
Graduates
Graduates
27
Model-2
# 20 kmph V$$ A $y BM $$$
B $y A M 60 kmph V$$ {*_
$$MP > V$$ G ?

(GG, {V*&1 2008)
Short cut :
2 S1S2/(S1 +S2)
knee, knock
k
talk, folk
l
mnemonic
m
hymn, solemn, damn
n
leopard
o
psalm, psychology, pneumatic
receipt
p
isle
s
often, castle, fasten
t
build, plague
u
whole, write, sword
w
sigh, high, daughter
gh
Identify silent letters in the following words:
S.No
Word
Silent letters
1.
pneumonia
p
2.
honorary
h
3.
tomb
b
4.
design
g
5.
calm
l
6.
solemn
n
7.
whistle
t
8.
island
s
9.
damn
n
10.
fasten
t
11.
wionder
r
12.
discern
r
13.
dumb
b
14.
scintillate
c
15.
bouquet
t
16.
world
r
17.
psychic
p
...................... K.Venkata Ramana
(..to be contin- Director K.V.R. Spoken English
ued...)
Cell: 9959 310 234
25
34
Under
School level
Graduates
<+X $XwD
Câr $$ {M>
S1 =20, S2= 60
2X20X60/ 20+60 = 2400/80 = 30kmph
V$$ Y
360
$$ {$^y.
2. >$$ 10 kmph V$$ A $y BM

$$$ B $y A M 15 kmph
V$$ {*_ >$$ $$MP >
V$$ G ?
X, Y V>Z $M $$ $$$
M r$$Z ^*yz$$.
Post Graduates
School level
1800
900
O _{ r$$$ A$_ D {M Cy
{M$ *$$$ C#$$ ?
(GG {V*&1 2008 )
*y 3
X V$$Z 70 $ t {V>y$$r$
Es, V$$Z $ f G ?
$$ {M>
X V$$Z t {V>y$$r$
= 100% / (25 + 34 + 27 ) %
=100% /86 %
= 14 %
14 % -& 70
100 % & ?
= 100/14 x 70
= 500
$$ {$^y. :
3. X V$$Z 126 $ t {V>y$$r$
Es, V$$Z $ f G ?
- &&&&&&&&&&&
$$ {$^y : f$$
1. 30 kmph
2. 12 kmph
3. 900
Ms Ms$
Under Graduates
Graduates
M_V r, M{
@ 9885357654
10
T<ys+ 12 qe] 2011
|C nqT+<+
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T<ys+ 12 qe] 2011
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f$ @ $$ {M>$$ $$$ $$MP
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11
Shortcut
(x2-1) x 100%
O$$$ *$$ A$$ B $$$ $$MP

$f$$ y#$ M$V$$$? (RRB, S.I)
$$ {M>$$ x = 2
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B
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2
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s
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Shortcut
10)
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= 125%
V = 1728 $..$, d = 12!3 .$
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M~$$ (d) = !3a
M$M $$$ $$MP O$$Z 125%
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56. How much money do you have?
y$ G E?
57. Why do you have to go to Vijayawada?
# f$y G$M$ E?
58. When does he come here?
A$ Gy$ CMPyM$ y$?

This, That & It (C & A)
(V $$$...)
Some More Sentences
$M M>$
43. How after do you watch TV?
# s.. G$ ^*#?
44. Whom do you like most in the world?
D {^Z G GM$PV> Cty#?

31. Do you have change for fifty rupees?
*. 50 M$ _ E?
32. Does Ravi go to temple everyday?
k V$yM y?
33. Do you think Ravi is honest?
g$$ $y A$M$r$?
34. Do you know Mr. Ravi well?
M$ V> $?
35. Does this bus go to charminar?
D $ ^ $?
36. Does this train arrive at 9:30?
O$ 9@30M ^$$?
37. Does this bus depart at 7:15?
$ 7:15M $$$$?
38. What do you have to do?
# H$ ^$ E?
39. When do you take your lunch?
# Zf Gy$ H#?
40. Whose advice do you follow?
# G s#?
41. What do you want to become?
# H$ A$M$r$#?
42. What do you want your son to become?
$ A$$ H$ A M$M$r$$?
45. Does he give that?
Ay$ Cy?
46. Where do you get your provisions?
# ^$ $M$$ GMPy $M$s#?

47. Where do you usually do your shopping?
# V> V$ GMPy ^#?

48. How do you spend your spare time?
# R $* GVy$##?
49. How much does the cycle cost?
D OM G?
50. Why do you like Ravi?
M$ As G$M$ Ct?
51. How much do I have to pay?
$ G ^^ _a?
52. How much does he owe you?
A$ M$ G M Ey$?
53. How do you know all these things?
M$ D * G $$$?
54. Do you go to movies often?
# *M$ ^* ?
55. How much money does your friend Ravi
earn?
$y$ G y$?
1. This is Ramu. Cy$ >$$y$

2. This is Janaki. D$ gM
3. That is Venu. Ay$ $
4. That is Radha. B$ >
5. It is a box. C JM st
6. It is very hot today. D k ^ yV> E
7. It is dusk now. Cy$ M>$$ A$$
8. It is dark. C `Ms y
9. Take it away. $M$
10. It is the root of so many ills.
C ^ f$M$ $*
11. It is saltish. C EV> E
12. It is sweet. C $V> E
13. It is bad to drink coffee.
M> V$r $_ M>$

14. It is very sour. C ^ #V> E
15. It is rotten. C M$$$.
16. It is two furlongs away.
A y$ >V$ *Z M$
17. Is it in good condition?
A $_ Z E?
18. It will reach in an hour.
HOMONYMS
calender
calf
calk
came
camp
can
Cannon
cant
canter
Cloth or paper press

Mendicant dervish
The young of any bovine
-animal
Fleshy part at the back of
-lower leg
To copy by rubbing and
-tracing
To furnish with a calkin
Past tense of COME
Lead strip used in fram
-ing glass
Temporary quarters of
-holidaymakers, explor
-ers, etc.
Affectedly homosexual
To be able to
Metal vessel for preserv
-ing meat, fruit, etc.
Heavy mounted gun
A billiards stroke
Hypocritical talk
Slope, inclination
One who uses speaks cant
Easy gallop
cape
caper
Capital
capsid
card
carp
case
cashier
cassation
A$Z 5 V$$
28. The cow is a gentle animal.
B# $O f$#
29. It has two fore legs and two hind legs
M y$ $$$ M>$ y$ $M M>$ M#

30. It has a long tail. M yO M M$.
31. It has two horns on its head.
$ y$ M$$ M#.
32. It has two eyes and two ears.
M y$ M$$, y$ ^#$ M#.

33. It has a mouth and a nose.
M $ $$M$P M#.
34. It drines away flies with the tail.
A M DV$ {$$
35. It gives us milk
A $M$ $ C^$a$
36. it generally found in all countries.
A $$Z M^$$
37. We have a coconut tree in our back yard.
* s yzZ *MM M ^r$t M$

38. It is grown much in south India.
$$ GM$PV> ^$^$$
39. Its leaves branch of like long arms.
BM$$ yO ^$$V> {MPM$ ^$$

40. Its inside of the fruits there is water.
M>$Z $ E
20. When will it reach vijayawada.
42. Its good for health.
A f$y Gy$ ^$$?

A V>{ M^ V> X M> M>^$a$.
23. What was it? A H$s?
catty
A division of a country
To divide into troops or
-cantons
A sleeveless cloak
Headland projecting into
-the sea
A frolicsome leap
A prickly shrub
Principal, chief, most
-important
The head of a pillar
Any bug of the family
-Miridae
Outer case of some viruses
Stiff paper or thin card
-board
Toothed instrument for
-combing wool
Freshwater fish
Talk querulously
An instance, occurrence
Box, chest or other con
-tainer
A person in charge of
-cash
Dismiss from service
Annulment, abrogation
18th-century instrumental
$$$ JM $$O r M$.

27. There are five classes in it.
41. This water is sweet.
cat
canton
24. This is our school. C *y

26. There is a beautiful garden infront of it.
A JM VrZ ^V$.
19. Where is it?. A GMPy E.
21. Is that all? A?
22. It may be vocal music or instrumental music.
chafer
chaff
channel
chap
char
charm
chase
Chat
chatty
composition
Any feline animal
Coal and timber vessel
Spiteful, malicious
South East Asian unit of
-weight
A person who chafes
A type of beetle
The husks of grain
Common European bird
Tube or duct, natural or
-artificial
A plank used for spread
-ing the rigging of a ship
Cause to crack or open in
-long slits
A fellow (coll.); the jaws,
-mouth and cheeks, chops
To burn slightly
A small fish; a char
-woman
A power or gift of alluring
A confusion of voices
To pursue
To engrave
A printing frame
A wide groove
Easy, familiar talk
A small bird
Talkative
Indian earthen pitcher
check
A test for accuracy,
quality, etc.
D $ $V> E
A BV$$M$ $_
($T> u>+ e# d+...)

Dr. V.Kutumbarao
LECTURER, HYDERABAD,
www.upakari.com
A chequered pattern
A board game
Parallel timber of a pon
-toon bridge
chick
A young bird
Bamboo door screen
chime
Sound of bells
Edge of a cask or tub
chine
Spine of any animal
Cut or break the back
-bone of
A deep and narrow ravine
chink
A narrow cleft or crevice
A jingling sound
chit
A child
A voucher for money owed
Chlorite
A green silicate mineral
A salt of chlorous acid
chop
Cut with a sharp blow
Suddenly change direction
The jaw of an animal
Eastern official stamp or seal
chord
Simultaneous sounding
of notes of different pitch
A straight line joiing
the extremities of an
arc
chess
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Conic : The locus of a point moving on a
plane such that its distances from a fixed
point and a fixed line in the plane are in
constant ratio "e", is called a "conic" the
constant ratio is called "eccentricity" of a
conic According to the values of e we get
following conics
Direction
M
x+a=0.
Note : a is the distance between focus and

vertex.
Find the coordinates of Focus, centre and
the equations of Diretrices Axes and length
of lotus rectum (LLR) for the Parabola
y2+4x-2y+3 = 0
Sol: Given eq of parabola
y2+4x-2y+3 = 0
y2-2y = -4x-3
=> y2-2y+1-1 = -4x-3
P
S
axis
focus
1) If e =1, the conic is parabola

2) If 0<e<1 the conic is an Ellipse
3) If e>1 the conic is is Hyperbola
The Equation of a parabola in

standard form
Let S be the focus , l = 0 be the directrix
Let Z be the projection of S on l = 0 and A
be the midpoint of SZ. A lies on the parabola then SA = AZ. A is called the Vertex of
the parabola Let YAY be the st. line passing
through A and parallel to the Directrix, and
take ZAX as X-axis and it is called Principal
Axis" of the parabola.
Then the coordinates of A is (0, 0) Let S(a, 0)
then Z(-a, 0) and equation of Directrix is
PARABOLA
Intermediate II(B)
If P(x, y) is a point on the parabola and pm is

the perpendicular distance from p to the
Directrix l=0, then we have by def of conic,
SP/PM = e = 1 => SP = PM
=> SP = PM => SP2 = PM2
=> (x1-a)2 + y12 = (x1+a)2
=> y12=(x1+a)2 - (x1-a)2
=> y12=4ax1
The locus of Point P is y2=4ax
Thus the equation of the parabola is y2=4ax;
a>0
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iii) The equation of directrix

x = h+a x = -1/2+1
=> x=1/2 ; 2x-1 = 0
iv) The equation of axis
y = k => y=1 ; y-1= 0
v) L.L.R = 4a = 4(1) = 4
If a line 2y = 5x+k is a tangent to the
parabola y2=6x then find K.
Sol: Given eq of parabola y2=6x ---> (1)
Here 4a = 6 => a=3/2
Given line 2y=5x+k
=> y = (5/2)x + (k/2) ---> (2)
Here m=5/2 c = k/2
we have, the line y = mx+c is a tangent to the
parabola y2=4ax then c=a/m
eq(2) is a tangent to eq (1) then c = a/m
=> k/2 = (3/2)/(5/2)
=> k/2 = 3/5
=> k= 6/5
=> (y-1)2 = -4x-2

=> (y-1)2 = -4(x+2/4)
=> (y-1)2 = -4(x+1/2)
=> (y-1)2 = -4 (x-(-1/2)) --> (1)
eq (1) compare with (y-k)2 = -4a(x-h) then we
get h=-1/2, k=1 and -4a = 4 => a=1
i) Focus S = (h-a, k)
S = (-1/2-1, 1)
S = (-3/2, 1)
ii) Vertex A = (h, k)
A = (-1/2, 1)
Cell: 9441185906
T<ys+ 12 qe] 2011
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|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 12 qe] 2011
S.I. of Police- GENERAL ENGLISH
(Continued from last week..)
_{M>$y$ JM { V$ _{y$. y M K
A # _{y$. $*y M K ^MPO
One day an old man, planting a mango $ Xy$. B > M $$ _a {
plant, was observed by a neighbour.
y$ y$^$M$ yM {$$$. >
The neighbour asked why the old man, who M sV$ ^$M$r* _a # ^$r*t
would never be able to eat the fruits, was ^$$. * V>M B y$ _{$ V>
planting the mango tree. The old man replied ^$a$$. B$ $*y _{ ^*ysM
that he was eating the fruits of the trees which $$s$. B$ K O# $. B$
others had planted and later others would eat OM GyM {$$. A M
the fruits of the plant he was planting.
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f@ $O BZ_^$ & JM k **y $$MP$ $*y _{M>$M $* Ag$.
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y$. B *$y y$ Ay$ GsM y ^$VW M$M.
$ B *$y $$MP$ G$M$ r$$ $
10. LEARNED STUPID MAN
Ws M B $ {^y$. B $y$ $ Once there lived three friends. They learned a
C$$ s ^r *M$ $ r$ lot. One became a specialist in animal bones.
$ r$$ $$MP *M$ $ > The second studied the art of living life to
C$$ Z *$ây$.
dead animals. The third man studied some
7) THINK OF FUTURE
8. CLEVER JESTER
Long ago there was a clever jester at a king s
court. He would make the king and the cout
iers laugh even in their saddest moments He
was a favourite of the king. One day he cut a
rude joke and offended the king. The king
grew furious and sentenced the jester to death.
The jester pleaded for mercy but the king did
not yield. The king was stern but gave one
concession to him. He ordered him to choose
the way how he would die. Immediately the
jester said that he had chosen to die of old age.
The king laughed at this and pardoned him.
The jester was able to save his own life by his
wit and humour.
f$ @ O *M$y$ & ^ M> {M K

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y$. Ay$ >kV>, M$$ $ ^V>
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^$ {$ M>y$MV$V$y$.
9. THE WINNING PICTURE
Once there lived three artists of great talent. A
competition was held in order to find the best
out of them. Each one got ready with his colo
urs, brushes, stand and other things. The first
artist painted a bunch of grapes. The second
artist painted a beautiful flower. The third one
painted a lover curtain. Then some birds came
and tried to peck at the grapes. Next some
bees came humming and circled round the flo
wer. The judge was pleased with those paints.
He was on his way to see the third paint. He
came across a curtain. He tried to lift it. He
was surprised to know that it was only a painting. He awarded the prize to the third artist as
his painting could deceive even a human being.
f$ @ V$ _{ & JMy$ G {
E $$V$Y$ _{M>$$ Ey$. Z V
M$VyM JM s ^y$$.
Z { JMP* V$$, M$^$, ty$
$$$ C $# $#$. $$s
holy scriptures. After finishing their studies

they set out their villages. They was passing
through a forest. They saw a heap if lion s
bones. They wanted to test their knowledge.
The third person warned them. They did not
heed to this advice. He bade goodbye to them
and went away. The first man put the bones of
the lion in their proper order. The second man
gave life to the lion. All of a sudden, the lion
jumped up, killed the two foolish learned
friends and ate them up.
f$ @ ^$#M$ $*$U$ & JMy$ $$V$Y$
Chandra sekhara Rao, some one else would

have spearheaded an agitation, he said. The
people were blaming Congress for total neglect of welfare of the State. Alarming levels of
corruption and diversion of allocated funds to
Jalayagnam.
f$ @ V> *{$ E GMM$

M> M> $V$ t s* $y$
s.Vy ^$. {$ M>{V t
O {fM$ $M A$. B$
B{{ PV ft y H>r$
^ "$s {' M>{M$Z JM {M$ *
C* E GM {g{* JM
$O ^$$. G$Ms AM M>$
E$$. M>st {M > M V> $$
y*y ^$y A Gs$y E >fM$
$M$$ M $ >fM$ M$ M$
y$$yy Z^$ A$. V> >
$ A$y$ ^{Q># D $O $
^rtM$y Es G JM$ E* ^st$
A A$. M>{V {f$ NV>
*$$. {$ {g {$$ r
$. JMO# A W$
sM Ms$$_ $$ {$ f$gqM
*{$ Ms$$$$.
12) Translate the following passage from Engl
ish to Telugu without changing the meaning.
Mr. Macleary was an efficient Detective
Inspector. He was very shrewd and was cautious about all suspicious characters. One day
Translations
$$ Ey$. $ G $aM$$.
JMy$ f$# G$$MM$ _ {$y$
A*y$. yy$ ^$$ f$#M$
{ M$ A^y$. $*yy$ {
$O {` {V$ A^y$. $ $
^$#$ N ^ $ FM$ $$>$. $
JM AyV$y $$$. $ K
G$$M M$$ ^*$. $ gq
^$M$M$$. $*yy$ $ â
^y$. $ Ay $ st^$M$. Ay$
M$ yP$ M *y$. $$sy$ B
G$$M$ O Z A$>ay$.
yy$ B M { y$. AM$V>
B OM GW B C$ ^$#M$ $*$U$
^ $ .
11) Translate the following passage from
English to Telugu without changing the
meaning.
Asserting that the demand for a separate Telan
gana was not only issue before the electorate
in the by-polls. Telugudesam party polit bur
eau member T.Devendar Goud said there was
wide spread resentment against the Congress
Government for its administration. Respondi
ng to a question at a meet the press program
me organized by the Andhra Pradesh working
Journalists Federation here on Saturday, he
said the by-polls could not be termed a referendum simply because there were other issu
es. Elaborating Mr. Goud said the demand for
Telangana had emerged from people of the
region and it would unfair to say that political
leaders were agitating for if only for the sake
of power. If it were not TRS President, K.
the Inspector became suspicious of German

lady Mrs. Myers, he was trying to make a living in London as a fortune teller. She was not
an expert in it. But she was beginning to be
succssful in her job. He thought that she was
perhaps a spy. All kinds of women visit every
day. Perhaps she was involved in white slave
traffic. So he would get to the bottom of it.
Mrs. Macleary agreed to visit Mrs. Myers.
Mrs. Macleary went to the fortune teller as an
unmarried girl. She told the fortune teller that
she was anxious to know about her future.
She introduced herself as miss jones with the
help of the cards. Mrs. Myers told her that she
would be married to a very rich young man
before the year is out. After the marriage she
would go with him across the ocean.
f$ @ $t $M$ A JM ysMt A*$

$O V M. Gy$ ^$r*t E
* M$O * E^$y$. $ $$
A f O A t y. yZ
$M$$# M gZ ^$* Er$. D
VZ B$M$ { $. A$$ B$ f
$$Os M$. AM M> $ B$
CsM * *Es$. B$ V*^*
CMt A$*. M
B$M$ $$* A$*. B$
V $$M$M$sy$. $
M>y$.CMt $ $$ M$ .
M> V> $ i A $ B$$ M$
$. $ $$M B>rV> E
Ar$. $ gZ M>z $ B$ # D
>ZV> ^ M$yO M *
y, A $${$ s $* {
M$ ^$$.
13) Translate the following passage from

English to Telugu without changing the
meaning.
Candidates taking coaching in Andhra
Pradesh A.P. Study Circle at Tankbund sat on
an indefinite hunger strike protesting the closure of mess facility and the decision to this
hostel within a few days candidates of A.P.
Study Circle Jubilee Hills branch also sat on a
dharna. The Commissioner, social welfare has
apparantly asked the officials close the mess
and also ordered the students to vacate the
hostel since the civil services preliminary test
is over. But candidates are demanding that the
facility be extended by another two months so
that they can prepare for Group-I and GroupII services. Konda Nageshwar, a candidate
who took coaching for civil services said that
candidates had met the commissioner, social
welfare, vidyasagar, but he refused to oblige
their request. "He said the Government will
provide Rs. 2000 per month to every candidate but mess and hostel facility would have
to be closed Mr. Nageswar claimed the B.J.P.
state general secretary, K. Lakshman and the
congress MLC, P. Sudh akar Reddy visited
the camp and assured to take up the issue with
the concerned officials and the Chief
Minister, Y.S.Rajasekhar Re ddy. But the
striking candidates did not relent. We will
stop the hunger strike only if an assurance
comes from the Chief Minister". Mr.
Nageswar said. About 600 candidates belonging to BC, SC, ST and Minority candidates
were being given coaching for civil service
before the mess was closed on Wednesday.
f$ @ B{{ G ty P AM>$$ P
MV> $*$r$ {Ms^y $$
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Y$.
{$ N$$ $
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M$$ M $ $$ _
B$ P^ A$. {$ { JMP
AM M$ *.2000 ^ C$. M> $,
t *{ Ey $.
AS f t f {Mr M.M,
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$$Q${ D $O t$O $ Câ
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$*$M # 600 $ , G, Gt,
$Os A$M$
M Câ$.
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
10
|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 12 ns 2011
\+>D kjTT< bs+

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chandu.jnvk6@gmail.com
T<ys+ 12 ns 2011
|C nqT+<+
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10
T<ys+ 13 @| 2011
|C nqT+<+
EAMCET MODEL TEST : BOTANY

Cell Biology
1. What is still noticed in the tissue which is
damaged by the heating up to 680C temperature?
1) Artificial system 2) Synthetic System
3) Natural System
4) Phylogenetic System
2. Which one of the following families
belongs to Bicarpellate under Gamopeta lae in Bentham and Hooke's system of
classification?
1) Cucurbitaceae 2) Asteraceae
3) Solanaceae
4) Systema nature
3. The book in which, Linnaeus proposed
binominal system of nomenclature.
1) Species plantarum
2) Historia plantarum
3) Genera plantarum
4) Systema Naturae
4. Assertion (A): The system of classification
proposed by Linnaeus was artificial
Reason(R): Linnaeus considered the characters of androecium and gynocium only
1) Both A and R are ture and R is the correct explanation of A
2) Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A
5. Find the incorrect statment with regard to
B & H system of classification from the
following
1) No.of cohorts in polypetalae is equal to
that of in Gamopetalae in Bentham &
Hooker's classification.
2) No.of series in Dicotyledonae is double
to the no. of series in monocotyledonae
3) No. of cohorts in Disciflorae is equal to
the no.of cohorts in Bicapellatae
4) The ratio of No.of polypetalae cohorts
and gamopetalae cohorts is 3:2
6. Arrange the following in ascending order
based on their number.
A) Cohorts in gamopetalae with superior
ovary
B) Series in monochlamydeae
C) Cohorts in polypetalae with hypogynous flower
D) Series in Gamopetalae
1) ABCD
2) BCDA
3) DABC
4) CDAB
7. Match the following lists:
List - I
A. Bentham & Hooker's system of classification.
B. Linnaeus system of classification
C. de Historia Plantarum
D. Post Darwinian classification.
List -II
I. Names of some Taxa indicate the nature
of Androecium
II. Certain specific principles of classification
III. Popular in common wealth countries
IV. Hutchinson
V. Theophrastus
A
B
C
D
1.
I
II
III
IV
2.
II
III
IV
V
3.
III
I
V
IV
4.
III
II
IV
I
8. Arrange the following Taxa in the correct
order in hierachial sequence.
A) Series
B) Division C) order
D) Natural order E) Class
1) ABCDE
2) EBACD
3) BECAD
D) BEACD
9. Find the correct scientific name according
to ICBN
10. Assertion (A): In Taxonomy, only floral
characters are useful in classification only
Reason(R): Floral Characters are more
stable than vegetative characters
1) Both A and B are true and R is the correct explanation of A
3) A is true and R is flase
11. The floral formula EpiK0K(5) C5 A() G()
depicts the flower of
1) Hibiscus
2) Dolichos
3) Abutilon
4) Allium
12. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker is not associated with
I. Historia plantarum
II. BSI
III. Species plantarum
IV. Flora of British India
1) II & IV
2) I, III, V
3) II, IV, V
4) I & II
13. The family of Madras hemps is characterized by
1) Monoadephous androecium with tetra
sporangiate anthers
2) Reniform anthers with introse condition
3) Exstipulate, dorsiventral leaves
4) Union of inner non essential whorl with
outer wholr of essentioal organs
14. Study the following lists & Find the correct match
Find the correct match
Scientific Name
Common name
A Datura metal
B Crotalaria Juncea
C Colehincum autummnale
D Gloriosa superba
Thorn Apple
Madras hemp
Red Dragon
Nabhi
1) A & B 2) A & C 3) B & C 4) A & D

15. Study the following lists and identify correct match
List - I
A. Solitary Terminal cyme
B. Extra axillary scorpioid cyme
C. Solitary axillary
D. Simple umbed with unisexual flowers
List - II
I. Gloriosa
II. Smilax
III. Gossypium
IV. Solanum
A
B
C
D
1.
I
II
III
IV
2.
II
III
IV
V
3.
III
V
I
II
4.
III
II
IV
I
16. Find the set of plants, showing Bicollateral
vascular bundles in the stems
1) Belladona, Kamanchi, Spanish dagger
2) Petunia, Holly hock, Soyabean
3) Kamanchi, Petunia, Vaakudu
4) Day king, Squill, Holly hock
17. The Alkaloids obtained from solanacease
& liliacease members respective are.
1) Sarasaparilla, Caspine
2) Atropines Nicotine
3) Caspine & Atropine
4) Nicotine & Colchicine
18. Find the correct statement with regard to
papilionaceous Corolla
1) The anterior margins of Alae are over
lapped by standard petal
2) The posterior margins of keel petals ar
ecompleted outside
3) The posterior margins of wing petals
are over lapped by standard petal
4) The anterior margins of carina petals
are not fused.
19. Stamens are arranged in two whorls in the
flowers of
I. Malvaceae II. Fabacear III. Solanaceae
IV. Lilliaceae
1) I & II
2) II & III
3) III & IV
4) II & IV
20. Assertion (A) : Cololla of Malvaceae is
gamopetalous
Reson (R) : Corolla of Malvaceae falls off
as a unit after fertilization
21. Assertion (A) : In Ruscus, aerial stem
modification helps in sexual reproduction
Reason(R) : In ruscus, cladodes bear
bisexual flowers
Ratio of perinath 2) Both A and R are true
leaves & stamens and R is not the correct
..................... 2: 1 explanatioon of A
.......................1: 2 3) A is true and R is flase
.......................2: 1 4) A is false and R is true
.......................1: 1 22.Arrange the following
indescending order based
on the no.of carpels in the gynoecium.
A. Liliaceae
B. Malvaceae
C. Fabaceae
D. Solanaceae
1) ABCD
2) BADC
3) CDAB
4) BDCA
23. Find out the correct staement
1) Androecium of Malvaceae show only
cohension stamens
2) Androecium of Liliaceae flowers shows
both cohension and adhension
3) Androecium of Fabaceae flowers shows
neither cohesion nor adhesion
4) Androecium of Solanaceae flowers
shows only adhesion
24. Study the following lists, identify the correct one.
Scientific name Family

Fruit type
A. Dalbergia
latifoila
Fabaceae
Legume
B. Malvaviscus
Solanaceae Berry
arboreus
C. Lilium
candidum
Liliaceae
Capsule
D. Abelmoschus
esculentus
Malvaceae Capsule
1) A & B incorrect 2) B & C incorrect
3) C & D incorrect 4) A & D correct
25. No. of Meiotic divisions that occur in one
flower of Gloriosa during pollen production and embryosac formation when its
each antherlobe containes 80 pollen grains
and each carpel contaion 12 ovules.
1) 480 and 72 2) 240 and 36
3) 200 and 60 4) 400 and 240
26. Name the series characterised by the presence of cum shaped thalamus, two whoris
of perianth with free petals
1) Disciflorae 2) Inferace
3) Calyciflorae 4) Heteromeare
27. The raio between series of Monocots and
Discots
1) 1:3 2) 2:1 3) 1:2
4) 3:1
28. Basis for bentam and Hookers systems of
classification is
1) Engler & Prantle system
2) Darwin's origin species
3) Natural System of dejussieu
4) De Candolle's system
29. The series in Bentham & Hooker's System
of classification with epigynous flowers is
1) Disciflorae 2) Inteare
3) Bicarpellatae4) Heterpromerae
30. The condition and arrangment of sepals
and petals in Malvaceae respective are
1) Free - valvate and fused - twisted
2) Fused - twisted and free - valvate
3) Free - twisted and fused - valvate
4) Fused - valvate and free - twisted
31. The leafy vegetable and fibre yeilding plant
with mucilaginous cavities in plant parts is
1) Fengreek
2) Madras hemp
3) Sum hemp 4) Squill
32. Assertion (A) : the ratio between carpels
and locules may be 1:1 or 2:1 or 1:2 in
dirfferent species of solanaceae
Reason (R) : In solanaceae, septa between
the carples may be present or may be dissolved or flase septum also may be developed in the ovary of different plants
3) A is true and R is flase
Answers
1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1 6) 3 7) 3 8) 4 9) 4 10)
4 11) 3 12) 2 13) 4 14) 4 15) 3 16) 3 17) 4 18)
3 19) 4 20) 4 21) 3 22) 2 23) 4 24) 1 25) 2 26)
3 27) 3 28) 4 29) 2 30) 4
31) 2 32) 1
(to be continued....)
M.Raghavendra
Sr. Lecturer,
Tadepalligudem
T<ys+ 13 @| 2011
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1. If the equation to the locus of points
equidistance from the points (-2, 3),
(6, -5) is of the form ax+by+c=0, then
ascending order of a, b, c is
A) a, b, c
B) c, b, a
C) b, c, a
D) a, c, b
2. AB is a variable line moving between the
axes in such a way that A lies
on xaxis and B lies on y-axis. If 'P' is a variable point on AB such that PA=b, PB=a
and AB=a+b, then the locus of 'P' is.
A) x2+y2=a2+b2
B) x2/a2- y2/b2 =1
C) x2/a2+y2/b2 =1
D) x2+y2=a2-b2
3. If (p, q), (acos, bsin ), (bcos, asin) are
the verticles of a triangle, where '' is a
parameter then the locus of the centroid of
the triangle is
A) x2/p2+y2/q2 = 9(a+b)2
B) (3x-p)2+(3y-q)2 = (a+b)2
C) x(x-a)+y(y+b) = p2+q2
D) (3x+p)2+(3y+q)2 = (a+b)2
4. The Locus representted by x=a/2(t+1/t),
y=a/2(t-1/t) is
A) x2+y2+a2
B) x2-y2=a2
C) 2x2-y2=a2
D) x2-2y2=a2
5. Assertion (A) : A(0, 2), B(0, -2) and
PA+PB = 6. The locus of 'p' is
on ellipse.
Reason (R) : Locus of a point the sum of
whose distances from two fixed points 'A'

C) (-2, 3)
D) (1, 3)
and 'B' is always constant and greater than 9. The point (3, 1) is translated parallel to the
AB is an ellipse.
line x-y=2 by a distance '6'
A) A is true, R is true and R is correct
units. If the new position is in the third
explanation of A
Quadrant the coordinates of the
new
B) A is true and R is not a correct explapoint are.
nation of A
A) (3+32, 1-32)
C) A is true, R is false
B) (-3-32, -1+32)
D) A is false, R is true
C) (3-32, 1-32)
6. The origin is shifted to (1,2 ). the equation
D) (-3+32, 1-32)
y2-8x-4y+12=0 charges to y2=4ax, then 'a' is 10. The point (4, 1) undergoes the following
three transformations
A) 1
B) -2
successively.
C) 2
D) -1
i) Reflection about the line y=x
7. Assertion (A) : If the axes are rotated
ii) translation through a distance 2 unit
through an angle 300 in clockwise direcalong the positive direction
tion about the origin, then the coodrinates
of x-axis
of the point (3, 5) trans form to (4, 23)
iii) rotation through an angle /4 about the
Reason(R): when the axes are rotated
origin in the counter
through an angle '' in the clock
clockwise direction. then the final posiwise direction about the origin the relation of the point is given by the
tions between (x, y) and (x, y) are X =
coordinates.
xcos + y sin and Y = -xsin+ycos which
A) (1/2, 7/2)
of the following is correct.
B) (-2, 72)
A) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is corC) (-1/2, 7/2)
rect explanation of 'A'
D) (2, 72)
B) Both 'A' and 'R' are true but 'R' is not
the correct explanation of 'A'
Answers :
C) 'A' is true but 'R' is flase
1) B 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) A
D) 'A' is false but 'R' is true
6) C 7) D 8) C 9) C
8. In order to eliminate the first degree terms
10) C
from the equation
2x2+4xy+5y2-4x-22y+7=0 the point
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Cell: 9000499234
|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 13 @| 2011

THE PROBLEM OF RISING PRICES
Rising of prices adversely affects the economy of India. Lakhs of people are working
hard for their both ends. Millions of people
are still living without food and shelter. They
are unable to earn sufficiently. This is all due
to the increase in the prices of commodities.
Essential commodities like rice, wheat, pulses
etc., are not reaching the common man properly because of the high prices. The prices of
these commodities have doubled since last
five years. Even though the production is mo
re govt. is unable to control the prices. Proport
ional increase of wages are not there. Incre
asing of prices has become a common factor.
The price of a product depend upon its pro
duction, consumption & demand. Production
costs are increasing due to natural calamities,
electrical failure, enhancement of taxes,
strikes, hike in the transportation. If the production is less, the goods will cost more and
black marketing will take place. Prices of the
commodities are fixed on the basis of raw-mat
erials, production cost, taxes, demands and
consumption etc.,
There are two types of goods. They are
essential goods and luxury goods. Even the
prices of these essential commodities are not
being controlled by the government. Our adm
inistration is completely polluted with corruption. Our export and import policies are also
not up to the standards. India, the seventh big
gest country in the world, having a population
of more than 100 crores has not attained self-
(V $$$...)
*y & 14
A JM $#$ 10% $$M$ BM$ A$$. B
M C M$ 20% t$$M$ A$$. C $$MP
M *. 7040 A$$^ A $$MP M$
M$V$$$?
Shortcut :
sufficiency in all fields so far. Distribution sys

tem through fair price shops is not fair.
Government should take stringent measures
to curb corruption, black marketing and smu
ggling. All these factors, whether directly or
indirectly effect the prices. The mfgrs., industrialists & whole salers are completely, ignoring the interests of the nation. They wanted to
become rich over night. They have no soft
corner towards the poor.
STUDENTS AND POLITICS

Since the days of Britishers students have
been advised by their teachers and parents not
lous young men called reffians who control

politics is not more than one percent of the
population. They guide or misguide the destiny of the nation. It is only the idealistic
young men who sacrifice for the national
cause.
It is the student who have to reap the fruits
- sweet or sour - in the days to come. They
must participate in politics and change the
trend. They have to make Politian nation oriented. It is only the young students who can
salvage the democracy of the world.
FOOD PROBLEM IN INDIA
Essay writing
to take part in politics. They knew that it is the
young who can revolt against them. In olden
days student who participated in the freedom
movement were expelled from school and
colleges. Thus politics was out of bounds for
students. It was not justified to say that students should not take part in politics. Personal
interests are to be sacrificed for national interests. After Independence opportunism and
corruption entered the nation. Now-a-days pol
itics was based not on the nation but on an
opportunism.
As a result intelligent students are becoming scapegoats under this politics. Ruffians
guide politics everywhere. Schools and colleges have not been left alone. This unscrupu-
India, the second largest populated country

in the world is facing many problems. Food
problem is one among them. Every human bei
ng needs food, shelter and clothing. India the
seventh biggest country in the world, has abu
ndant of natural resources.
But still we are facing this food problem
even after a lapse of 50 years. India is an agricultural country. Most of the percentage of
people are living in rural areas (70%). Their
main profession is cultivation. Farmers are
depending mainly on rainy water. This profession has become a lottery. If there are rains,
the farmers will get much yields and vice ver
sa. Infection to crops affects adversely on the
farmer's income. Natural calamities like hea
x2/100 % t$$ ^$a$.

202/100 % = 400/100 % = 4% t$$
*.840 WY_ A$^ 8% $$ ^$a$.

A$$ B *Pr M $ M$V$$$?
$$ {$^y @
Shortcut :
15. JM y$ $#$ JMPMP *. *Pr M$ 100%V> $M$$$.
910 M$ A$$. $$s O 30% $$, (12&8) 4% -------> *. 840
y O 30% t$$ _a $y $$$$ $
100% -------> G? = *. 2100 [4 x 210
= 840, 100 x 210 = 21000]
AM _a $$ M t$$ G?
$$ {$^y @
*y & 16
JM M s 5% t$$M$ A$$. *. 900 17. JM M *Pr$ 16% $$M$ A$$.
_ A$^ 10% $$ ^$a$. A$$ B *.1000 WY_ A$^ 11% $$ ^$a$.
A$$ B *Pr M $ M$V$$$?
$$ _a^ 100%M$ M*y Z$

* >*.
t _a^ 100% $y Z$
* >*.
A $$MP M = 7040 x (100/110) x
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$$ {$^y @
14. A JM $#$ 25% $$M$ BM$ A$$.
B M C M$ 10% t$$M$ A$$. C $$MP s. M$ M$V$$$?
M *. 11250 A$$^ A $$MP M$ Shortcut :
M$V$$$?
s.. M$ 100%V> $M$$$.
(5+10) 15% -------> *. 900
*y & 15
100% -------> G? = *. 6000 [15x60 =
JM y$ $#$ JMPMP *. 960
900, 100 x 60 = 6000]
M$ A$$. $$s O 20% $$, y
$
$
{$^y @
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16.
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M s 10% t$$M$ A$$. *.
AM _a $$ M t$$ G?
900
_
A$^ 6% $$ ^$a$. A$$ B
Shortcut :
s
$ M$V$$$?
y$ $# A$ *$$, $$s
*y & 17
x% $$M$, y x%
t$$M$ A$ $y $$$$ $ AM JM M *Pr$ 12% $$M$ A$$.
u - qc\
vy rains or drought also play a havoc in the

life of farmers. They are not being proved
with proper irrigation facilities. Main reason
for our food problem is population in our cou
ntry is increasing alarmingly. Proportional pro
duction is not there. Farmers are favouring
commercial crops. They can earn more profits
with this commercial crops. Literacy is also
one of the main causes for the food problem.
They are not following new methods of cultivation.
Our country consists full of many rivers.
We are unable to utilize them. Most of the
water in the rivers flowing into the seas wa
stely. Consutruction of dams across the rivers
help us in many ways, we can store the water
and divert it to the fields.
Fertilizers and pesticides must be used to
protect the crops. Even if the farmers get good
yields, they are not getting proper benefits.
Due to lack of literacy mediators are commanding the farmers. Mediatorship unauthorized transportation must be resisted.
Implementation of novel methods and fa
mily planning solve the food problem in our
country. Farmers must be educated. Gover
nment should take remedial steps to solve this
food problem.
Problem utilization of
water minimizes this
problem.
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
A$$ B M$ M$V$$$?
*y & 19
JM M y$ $#$ JMPMP *.
990M$ A$$. JMO 10% $$, y
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Shortcut :
t$$ x2/100% - 100/100 % = 1 %

M$ 100% A$M A$
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1980
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$$ {$^y @
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M$ M$V$$$?
$$ {$^y @ f$$
Shortcut :
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$$ {$^y @
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T<ys+ 13 E 2011
|C nqT+<+
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41. *- -$ & - -$ A
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1.300
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3.345
4.145
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3. } M~ ->-$$
4. $
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1.3, 2.3, 3.2, 4.3, 5.4, 6.1, 7.2, 8.3, 9.1,
10.1, 11.4, 12.2, 13.4, 12.2, 13.4, 14.3,
15.3, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 19.4, 20.1, 21.3,
22.4, 23.3, 24.2, 25.1, 26.4, 27.3, 28.3,
29.2, 30.4, 31.1, 32.3, 33.2, 34.3, 35.2,
36.1, 37.2, 38.3, 39.4,
40.4, 41.1, 42.2, 43.4,
44.3, 45.4, 46.3
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T<ys+ 13 E 2011
Question Tags
V> A ^y$. M!
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Negative SenseZ E A V$-^.
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b. Statement negative Z Es question tag positive Z Er$.
Arkyl
Eg- He is active. Isn't he?

She is brilliant. Isn't she?
Arkyl doesnot lie. Does he?
Sony doesn't cry. Does she?
2. C_a Statement 'Tense' V$-_ H "Tense' Z
Es Question Tag M*y A Tense Ey
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Eg- Arkyl is honest. Isn't he?
Sony was lazy. Wasn't She?
The boy can read. Can't he?
They will attend. Won't they?
Erwin has come. Hasn't he?
My father used to go to for a walk. Didn't
he?
Erwin is seldom absent. Is he?
D M> V$- statement positiveV> Er$
A--$. Question Tags M*y AV E A-
|C nqT+<+
USE of WAS/WERE
Was and were are the auxiliary verbs
used to describe situations in the past.
While talking about subjects I, He, She,
It, we use was and for You, We, They, we
use were followed by noun/adjective. In
negative sentences we use wasn't (was
not) and weren't (were not). To ask questions we start the questions with was,
were followed by subject and noun/
adjective. The point to remember here
while describing people, places or things
in the past is we don't use a main verb.
The auxiliary was, were, is followed by
adjective/noun.
Was, were is only followed by a verb in
passives.
EXAMPLES
Positive
1) The child was cute and chubby.
2) I was very shy as a young girl.
3) My grandfather was an agriculturist.
4) My science professor was a Doctorate
in Physics.
5) It was very cold last night.
6) My brother and I were in a hostel during our school days.
7) Both the leaders were adamant about
their respective views.
Negative
-$. M> CMPy V$-^--- -$-$-$-rs 1) I wasn't at home the whole (all)
Hardly, Seldom, Scarcly s $ Negative
evening yesterday.
senseZ E-*-W^--y-$$. M$M s Question
2) The children in the school weren't well
Tags positive Z >.
disciplined.
Exercises for practice.
1. The rose is beautiful.
2. Uma's brother has come from America
3. Uma donot prefer to take coffee.
4. I am honest always.
5. Dont cheat innocents.
6. They used to lie.
7. Arkyl will won Gold Medal in Science.
8. You need not worry.
*9. No one can speak English fluently.
10. Nothing is postponed.
Answers.
1. Isn't if?, 2. Hasn't he?, 3. Does he?, 4. Aren't
I?, 5. Will you?, 6. Didn't they?, 7. Wonn't he?,
8. Need you?, 9. Can they, 10. Is If?
*seldom rule.
Model questions.
1. Raj is an intelligent teacher.
Question will be
a. not intelleigent teacher
b. Do he?
c. Doesn't he?
d. Won't he?
2. Don't open the lab.
a. Will you?
b. Can't you?
c. has you?
d. Is if?
3. TET is advantage for students with
Mathematics background only.
a. can they
b. Hasn't they?
c. Doesn't it? d. Can't they?
-E. V. Immanuel, School Asst.

Govt.High School, Rayachoti.
3) Scuba diving wasn't an exciting experience for us.

4) We weren't ready for the test.
5) The doctor wasn't at the clinic last
week end.
6) You weren't very interested in sports
as a school boy.
7) My mother wasn't happy about my
plans to go abroad.
QUESTIONS
1) Was the film a hit?
2) Were they impressed by your presentation?
3) Was your father very strict?
4) Were you a good student at school?
5) Was I clear about the instructions?
6) Were we okayed by the selector?
7) Was your cousin a fashion designer?
When we wish to speak about something that was continuing at a particular
time in the past or when one action was
interrupted by another, we use was/wasn't
and were/weren't followed by the basic
verb +ing form after the subject. For
example.
1) I was watching a film on TV at 9 PM
last night.
2) I was having dinner when the door
bell rang.
3) The boy was crossing the road when a

truck hit him.
4) She wasn't working any where when
she got this job offer.
5) They weren't traveling by car at that
time.
6) We weren't staying at the Hilton Hotel
the last time we went to Mumbai.
7) Were you listening to music when I
called yesterday evening?
8) Was she attending a meeting at 10
a.m.?
9) Were they taking piano lessons before
they joined the music troupe.
10)While my sister was preparing dinner,
she burnt her finger.
EXERCISES
I. Was/Were
Use was or were in the boxes below.
1. It ______ hot at the beach yesterday.
2. He _____ very unhappy with his new
car.
3. We _________ tired last night.
4. You ________ late for work.
5. She __________ a good student.
6. They ______ absent from class.
7. It _________ warm yesterday.
II. Wasn't/Weren't
Use wasn't or weren't in the boxes below.
1. They __________ absent yesterday.
2. Anita __________ in the classroom.
3. Gita and Chandra _______________
at the supermarket.
4. The room _____________ very big.
5. I called you but you _____ at home.
6. She _____ exhausted even after a
long day at work.
7. I went to Dharam's party but you
______ there.
III. At Past Continuous - 1
What was Mani doing at a particular
time?
6.50 - 7.00
clean her room
Example: At 6.55 She was cleaning her
room.
7.00 am - 7.15 am
7.15 am - 8.00 am
8.00 am - 8.10 am
8.10 am - 8.30 am
8.30 am - 12 pm
12.00 pm - 12.45 pm
6.30 pm - 7.00 pm
7.00 pm - 7.10 pm
8.10 pm - 10.30 pm
10.30 pm - 6.50 am
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
have a shower
have breakfast
get dressed
drive to work
work
eat lunch
cook dinner
wash the dishes
watch television
sleep
At 7.10 am ____________________
At 7.20 am ____________________
At 8.05 am ____________________
At 8.15 am ____________________
At 11.00 am ___________________
At 12.30 pm ___________________
At 6.45 pm ____________________
At 7.05 pm ____________________
11
9. At 9.00 pm ____________________
10. At 11.30 pm ___________________
IV. Questions :
1. To speak suddenly and with strong
feeling.
A) exclaim B) applaud
C) crafty
D) peer
2. A mean or wicked person.
A) vain
B) drab
C) crafty
D) scoundrel
3. Skilled at tricking others.
A) peer
B) crafty
C) exquisite D) uneasy
4. Finely done or made; very beautiful.
A) intend
B) jeer
C) exquisite D) refine
5. Dull and without color; not cheerful
or colorful.
A) applaud B) drab
C) entire
D) uneasy
V. Tick the right word that best fits
into the blank.
1. Please arrive _______, because the
seminar will begin at 8 a.m. sharp.
a) promptly b) prompt
c) prompted d) prompting
2. My suitcase is locked and I've
_______ the combination.
a) forgetful b) forgettably
c) forgotten d) forget
3. The office ambience is much too
________; I wish it was just a bit
more exciting.
a) arbitrary b) customary
c) ordinary d) secondary
4. The Sales Manager usually ______
authority to his three closest assistants
when he goes on vacation.
a) delegates b) deletes
c) delays
d) deludes
5. Thanks to the company's budget
________, we will be able to give out
larger bonuses this year.
a) surprise b) surplus
c) sermon
d) surname
KEY
I. 1) was 2) was 3) were 4) were
5) was 6) were 7) was
II. 1) weren't 2) wasn't
3) weren't
4) wasn't 5) weren't 6) wasn't 7) weren't
III. 1) She was having a shower
2) She was having breakfast
3) She was getting dressed
4) She was driving to work
5) She was working
6) She was eating lunch
7) She was cooking dinner
8) She was washing the dishes
9) She was watching Television
10) She was sleeping
IV. 1)A 2)D
V. 1)a 2)c
3)B
4)C
3)c
4)a
5)b
5)B
12
|C nqT+<+
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|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 13 E 2011
APTET- 2011 HINDI MATERIAL

AP TET (HINDI)
MODEL QUESTIONS
TET HINDI MATERIAL

( previous issues)
VISIT www.suryaa.com
Hindi Pandit, KarimNagar
|C nqT+<+
T<ys+ 13 E 2011
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M>
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s$?
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(S.I-2011)
W AV>
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=
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A = 10 k$, B = 15 k$
4320
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(A+B)
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= 150/25
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= 30/3
= 10 k$
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A $$MP
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8 JM Vr
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JM k-Z, A 20 k-Z, B 20 k- $$ {$-^y
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= (100/8) x 1
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400
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C
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60
k$
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4-V$$ M$$ JM 12 -$$-Z N
$$ {$-^y : f-$$
$$ ""8'' V-$$$ $ ""5'' V-$$$
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2. 8 k-$
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(AB+BC+CA) (10x20)+ (10x20)+(10x20)
3.
25
k
$
4. 4 k-$
5 10 k$
Shortcut :
12000
5.
3
k
$
6.
1:4
3 G ?
=
M1 = 4, D1 = 12
2000
7.
*
.
300
8.
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M2 = 6, D2 = ?
6
k$
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9.
5
k
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M1 D1 = M2 D2
$$ {$-^y
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= 6 k$
4x12 = 6x?
JM
A
6
k
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k
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C
15
$$ {$-^y
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K.Venkata Swamy, Faculty
k-Z ^$-V-$. $$V$Y$ M B
JM M 11/13 $ 44 k-Z
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Sanjays Mind-Q IAS Study Circle,
G
k
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N
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Hyderabad, Cell : 9885357654
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JM M 7/11 $ 21 k-Z ^
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COMEDK PGET-2012
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10. "A- { MY' *-$$
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11. $$MPs H *-?
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12. A-V>
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13. -* {M$ AV$ $-#-$ ^
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14. {V -$ M $?
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15. {y M B{--M$ ^ >~-& 55.
16. M -ê- P M & { M-.
17. B{--M$ ~-$$$ G? &56
$V$ -M$ ~>? & 36.
18. {M M$ ~-$$$ G&40
P- M$ ~> & 50
19. {M>-? & G, H, -J, -K.
20. "M' $y "$' M$ V >~-M$ H$ $?
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22. $-$, -$ M> s$$$?
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23. -$- s-s$? & I,L.
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TIME & WORK

The "work-load" problems also known
as "Time - work" are based on the calculation
of time required by a given number of work
force to complete the given job.
These problem can be tackled in two ways:
a) The concept of "One - days work"
b) The concept of "Man- Days"
a) The concept of "One - days work" :
1.If A can do a piece of work in 'n' days
then A's 1 day's work = 1/n
2. If A's days's work = 1/n, then A can finish
the work in 'n' days
3. If A can do a piece of work in 'm' days
and B can do same piece of work in 'n'
days. Both A and B can complete the work
in .days.
4.If A is thrice as good a workman as B, then
Ratio of work done by A and B = 3:1.
Ratio of times taken y A and B to finish a
work = 1:3.
b) The concept of "Man- Days" :
If "X" number of people take "Y" days to
complete the given job the total number
"Man days" required to complete the job are
given by the product of "X" and "Y". This
product "XY" now remains uchanged. Thus, if
"X" changes to "X1" "Y", will chage to Y1
25. V>$ G? & 5.

26. A-*$ H? & V, ^, M .
27. E A$-^-r$$ H$s$?& .
28. M AV>?
& Eâ-^-s M As$.
29. Mu-t$ A s-s$? & J, K, y.
30. {$ {M--M>$ M> s H$s$?
& M$.
31. #$---^-M>-O $ --*$ --$ H$s$?
& $--^M.
32. *, -* M>-$ -M {M*--*{ $-# {M$M$ H$ $?
& ->--M.
33. $-Z
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34. $ ~-$$-M$ $$$ >~ H$s-$?
& E
35. AB,- E-F, JK, $ V*y ^f$ H$s$?
43. Vy A
& P- .
44. D {M $ A "' $
& F$, $, C$.
45. {V>$ $?
& â, â, -y$.
46. P--Z B-M G-$?
& ---M.-
47. B{--\$Z $-y- {V H?
& B{- $---.
48. "-{$: M>' A H {VZ E?
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49. -$M$ N _a $ - H?
& V -$$-.
50. B{- _-$ R __---$?
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51. -$$ {-*-^-$-V> P---$?
& BZ---
52. $-V$Z ---Z #st ^ H?
& B{- $---
53. $ -Z ^ H - MW
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54. M-$- -M $-V$Z *Y---M$y$
G$?
& $.
& $.
36. {V - V$
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37. - $-V$
& {V>$.
38. --M--Z V -V>-M H$ $?
& -ê-$.
39. {$-$$--$O $ & {$ {M-M.
40. C, D, GH V*y ^f$ & -$.
41. "{- M M---$$-M-'O $ {V
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42. -M>-> {*-W^y > $
^y$?
& A $-
55. --$-$$ E-R Z?

& $ B{$---Z-.
56. $M$ $$$ M#$ G-$?
& { y-$y$, A$--r$t, ^--r$t.
57. B{ _-$-M sM> >-$?
& G-M*-_- ----.
58. $ M-Z "E-$--{M' {
_ M G$?
& } $-y$- (-M>-Qy)
59. - _^r -$M$ "# $y$' $-$_a?
& B{ _-$
60. -$M$ $$$ M-yZ _a-- -
in such a way that XY = X1Y1 similarly, if Y

changes to Y2 X will change to X2 in such a
way that XY= X2Y2
Solved Example
1. Worker A takes 8 hours to do a job. Worker
B takes 10 hours to do the same job. How
long should it take both A and B, working
together but indepentdently, to do the
same job?
work = 6x10 = 60md

Let us assume the 2 men left after x days.
We can see that the 6 men put 6x man
days of work (\6 men worked for x days).
And in the 2nd phase the remaining 4
men put in 4(11-x) man days of work.
\ Total man days = 6x + 4(11-x)
But man days required = 60
\6x + 4(11-x) = 60, \6x + 44 - 4x = 60
\2x = 16,\ x = 8
\2 men should leave after 8 days.
Now, what if the job had to be done in 9
days with the addition of 2 more men
Sol: A's 1 hours work = 1/8,

B's 1 hour's work = 1/10
(A+B)'s 1hour work = (1/8 + 1/10) = 9/40
Both A and B will finish the work in
40/9 = 4 4/9 days.
2. 6 men can do a job in 10 days. After they
started work, in how many days con 2
men leave so that the work can now get
over in 11 days?
Sol: Firstly we must realise that since the
no.of hours is not mentioned, it is
assumedconstant \ now md = constant
in this case, man days required to do the
somewhere during the job? When should

they he added on the job?
6x + 8 (9-x) = 60md, \6x - 8x + 72 = 60
2x = 12, \x = 6 days.
3. A and B together can complete a piece f
work in 4 days. If A alone can complete
the same work 12 days in how many days
can B alone complete that work?
Sol: (A+B)'s 1 day's work = 1/4,
A's days's work = 1/12
B's 1 day's work = (1/4 - 1/12) = 1/6
Hence B alone can complete the
work in 6 days.
-$?
& {M*$j f-$
61. {M*$j f-$ {V M G-$?
& y$
62. V-$$ ^-$$ G$?
& y$.
63. "$ $r$t *Y$ $$
{M MP-MP-*r' A M G$?
& } $y$
64. "-$ $' {V M
& C{-Vs $-$-e-
65. "- -& $ -P' $
{V M & g--Vyz $$f-$ ->#.
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& ..-G -->#
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68. "#> ^---$' A--$?
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69. #> ^ -$ H?
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75. $ B{-M- Gst?
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77. "N-y-' ^$$ G$?
& $
.^._ , $V$ ys
h E u,
G.M
4. A is twice as good a workman as B and
together they finish a piece k of work in
18 days. In how many days will A alone
finish the work?
Sol: (A's 1 day's work) : (B's 1 day's
work) 2:1.
(A+B)'s 1 day work = 1/18.
Divide 1/18 in the ratio 2:1
A's 1 day work = (1/18 x 2/3) = 1/27.
Hence, A alone can finish the work in 27 days.
5. A can do a certain job in 12 days. B is
60% more efficient than A. How many
days does B alone take to do the same
job?
Sol: Ratio of times taken by A and B
=160:100=8:5.
Then, 8:5,::12:x 8x= 8x = 5x12
x = 15/2 days
6. 45 men can complete a work in 16 days.
Six days after started working 30 more
men joined them. How many days will
they now take to complete the remaining
work?
Sol: (45 x 16) men can complete the work in
1day.
1 man's 1 day's work = 1/720.
45 men's 6 days work = (1/16 x 6) = 3/8 .
Remaining work = (1 - 3/8) = 5/8
75 men's one day's work = 75/720 =
5/48
Now, 5/48 work is done by them in 1 day.
5/8 work is done by them in (48/5 x 5/8)
= 6 days
T<ys+15 pH 2011
( V $$$....)
A ,An $ GMPy E*W^...?
1. HO JM Z $$rt$$s A "A'
$y "A@' M$ _O An $.
$$$ M $y M$ _O "A'
$.
An .....
A & A@
A
...... M &
D {M CX A>$ V$^y.
L = el
G
(not yal)
G$
(not yam)
M= em
G
(not yan)
N = en
B
(not ar)
R = ar
G
(not yas)
S = es
G^
(not yal)
H = eh
GM
(not yax)
x = ex
()
a banana
a cellphone
()
a penstand
()
a press conference ({)
an american
(A)
an onion
(B)
an ink pillar
(C)
an eagle
(D)
an Ice cream
(I)
an owl
(L)
an anglo Indian
(B)
an Indian
(C)
an hour
(A)
an honour
(B)
an honest man
(B)
an enemy
(G)
an L plate
(G)
a watch
()
an idea
(I)
a good idea
(V$)
an LLB student
(I)
an MA/MCom/Msc/MBA/MCA/
MBBS/MTech student
an NRI student
an RMP doctor
an SI Student
an HMT watch
an X-ray
an MLA/MRO/MP/MPTC
a ZPTC
a university
a union
a unit
a Europian
a useful man
a union
a unit
a unique person
a one rupee note
a one rupee coin
a one month programme
a one legged person
Definete article : - The article which tells
the exact information about the subject in
a sentence is called 'Definite article'.
Eg : the
Usages ('The' GMPyMPy E*W^^$a )
Before the names of..............
1. Rivers ($$):
The Ganga, The godavari
|C nqT+<+
2. Seas ($${$) :
The Blue Sea, The Red Sea
3. Oceans ($$${$) :
The Pacific ocean, The Indian ocean
4. Ranges of Mountains ( {$$) :
Eg - The Himalayas,The Alfs
5. Canals (M>$$):
The Panama canal , The suez canal
6. Caves (V$$) :
The Ajantha & Ellora caves
7. Lakes ($$) :
The pulicot lake, The Kolleru lake
8. Waterfalls (f$) :
The Kuntala waterfalls, The Anjil water
falls
9. Deserts (Gy$$) :
The Sahara desert, The Atakama desert
:
10. Islands ($) :
The west Indies, The Greenlands
11. Before the names of Unique objects,
planets in the universe
(Z {M$O objects $$$ {V
$$$ ) :
Eg. The sun, The moon, The sky, the Earth,
The earth revolves round the Sun
The Sun rises in the east.
12. Before the names of the Directions
(M$P$) :
Eg. The East, The West, The NOrth, The
South
The Sun rises in the East
The Sun sets in the west
13. Before the names of Surnames
( $)
Eg: The Tatas, The Birlas, The Gandhies
The Tagores are respected
I was invited by the Tatas
14. Before the names of the
Designations/Positions/Posts
Eg: The CM, The PM, The Director, The
Chairman
Who is the CM of AP
I want to meet ........Chairman of the
company.
15. Before the names of ordinal numbers.
Eg. The first, The second, The third
I got the first rank of the class
Did your brother get the second rank ?
16. Before the names of superlative degrees
Eg. The tallest, The biggest, The shortest, the
most beautiful, The best
Anushka is the tallest actress in the telugu
industry.
Janki is the most beautiful girl .
17. Before the names of musical instruments.
Eg The tabala, The violin, The drum
Srikrishna plays the flute
He can play the Veena
18. Before the names of abbriviative type of
countries.
Eg. The USA, The UK, The USSR, The UAE,
the UK
I want to settle in the UK
She if working in the USA
19. Before the names of political parties and
organisations.
Eg. The BJP, The CPI, The PRP, The UNO,
The NATO
Narendra may join the BJP
He is working in the CPI
20. In comparisons
(JM $O M/ JM VZ
already {V>_ $M M V>
/Z M> a ^ Z 'The'
E*W.)
Eg : Bombay is the monchester of India.
Tenali is the paris of Andhra
Kalidasa is the Shakespear of Telugu liter
ature.
21. Before the names of News Papers,
Magazine, Novels, epics.
Eg. The Hindu, The Andhra Prabha, The
Mahabharata, The Ramayana
My Father reads the Hindu Every day .
Did you read the Mahabharata last year ?
22. Before the names of languages in the
meaning of 'people'
({f$ A A â Z languages
$$$ 'The' E*W^.)
The Telugu = {f$
Telugu
=
Eg: The Telugu are clever
Telugu is beautiful language to learn
The English ruled India
English is an international language
23. Before the names of adjectives in the
meaning of 'people'
({f$ A A â Z adjectives
$$$ 'The' E*W^.)
Eg. Poor = The Poor = $
Rich = M The rich = M$$
Eg: The rich are exploiting the poor
The rich should help the poor
When common nouns comes second time
Eg: I saw a beutiful girl yesterday, The girl is
very beautiful.
We visited a temple last year, the tmeple is
an ancient one.
25. Before the names of Army, Navy,
Airforce
Eg: The Army, The Navy, The Airforce
I want to get a job in the Army
Its she working in the Navy ?
26. Before the names of wars, battles, pacts,
alliances & Movements, weapons
Eg: The first world war, the Puna pact
The Quit India Movement
My Grand father participated in the Quit
India Movement.
The Puna pact was held between Gandjhi
and Ambedkar.
27. Before the names of buses, trains, ships,
planes, missiles, rockets and submarines
Eg: the Narayanadri Express
The Titanic
The Aryabhatta
I left for Delhi in the Dadar express
Will you come to our city in the sabari
express.
28. Before the names of Universities
Eg: The SV University, The Kakatiya
University,
Eg: I want to get a seat in the JNTU
11
She is doing MBA in the S.V. University.

29. Before the names of govt. departments.
Eg: the dept of police, the dept of Education
She is working in the medical department
She wants to get a job in the police dept.
30. Before the names of banks, clubs, the
atres, stadiums, libraries, parks
Eg: The ICICI, the officer's club, The Konark
Theatre
She is working in the ICICI bank.
I saw her in the Lumbini park.
Omission of articles
(Articles GMPy E*W^M*y$. )
1.Before proper nouns.
Eg: Murali is my close friend
. X Hyderabad is a beautiful city
2. Before common Nouns
Eg. X Man is mortal
X Woman is the man's mate
3. Before Abstract nouns.
X Love is blind.
X Honesty is the best policy
Note: Abstractive nouns

V> article $.
A JM M
The love of Swetha is very danger

The Honesty of Kiran is appreciable.
4. Before Material Nouns.
Eg. X Gold is costly.
X Iron is available here.
Note: Material Nouns

article $.
A JM M V>
Ramana presented janaki a gold ring.

It is an Iron box
The gold ring which she presented me is very
costly.
5. Before Names of games.
Eg: Sachin plays X cricket.
Murali plays X Tennis.
6.Before relations.
Eg. Mother came here yesterday
Father will give you money tomorrow
7. Before the names of meal times.
(Tiffin, Lunch, Supper, Dinner, breakfast...)
Eg: She took lunch here yesterday.
I take dinner in your house tommorrow.
8. Note : JM $ meal item {M_

E*W/^ 'the' $.
The breakfast prepared by my sister is delicious.
8. Before the names of colour ( )
Eg: X White, X black, X Yellow, XRed,
X blue
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names
( JM JMP My//Q/V$rt $ $$$)

X Everest is the highest peak in the world
X Dodabetla is the highest mountain in the
Nilgiries.
10. Before the names of untouchable nouns.
X fruniture
X information
X News
X Knowledge
K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
12
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IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Junior Inter
8 Marks Questions
1. Describe the various types of Root modifications?
2. With the help of suitable examples and
diagrams, explain different types of Aerial
stem modifications.
3. What are Multipurpose stem modifications? Describe them with examples.
4. Describe the different leaf modifications
with labelled diagrams and suitable examples.
5. Describe the transverse section of a dicot
stem with labelled diagram.
6. Describe the internal structure of a dicot
root?
7. Explain the structure of Monocot stem
viewed in transverse section.
8. Explain various types of fruits having
fleshy fruit walls with lablled diagrams.
9. Describe the strucutre of an Embryosac
that is ready for fertilization with the help
of neat lablled diagram.
10. Describe various types of ovules with suitbale diagrams and exmples.
11. What is pollination? Describe the various
types of contrivances for cross pollination?
12. Describe the process of Fertilization in
Angiossperms?
4 Marks Questions
1. Write a short notes on storage roots?
2. What are nodular roots? what is their significance?
3. Write short notes on Prasitic roots?
4. Differentiate Rhizome and corm?
5. Describe the leaf modifications that are
adapted to the drougt conditions.
6. Compare thorns and spines?
7. Write short notes on leaves that help in
vegetative propagation.
8. Write short notes on single- flower like
special inflorescene?
9. Write short notes on single-fruit like special infloresecene?
10. Describe the compound spike inflorescene?
11. Differentiate between cysathium and
Hypanthodium?
12. Describe the types of flowers that are classified on the basis of position of Gynoec
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13. Describe cohension of stamens.
14. Explain double fertilization in angio
sperms?
15. Write about the dry fruits which are single
seeded?
16. What is a capsule? Describe various kinds
of capsules?
17. Write short notes on aggrigate fruits?
18. Write a note on ICBN.
19. Write about the types of classification of
flowering plants?
20. Describe the essential organs of Malvaceae.
21. Explain the pollination mechanism in
Fabaceae.
22. Enumerate the modifications of regitative
parts in liliaceae.
23. Describe the struture and functions of
" Power House of cell".
24. Describe the cell organelle which is respo
nsible for the synthesis of starch.
25. Write briefly about
the organelle which
plays an importent
role in protein sysnthesis.
26. Write a short notes on 'Cellbrain'
27. Give a brief account of the types of monocentric Chromosomes on the basis of position of centromere.
28. Listout the differences between DNA and
RNA.
29. Bringout the differences between midtosis
and meiosis.
30. Interphase is not a resting Phase- Explain.
31. Which tissue is called living mechanical
tissue? explain various types of it.
32. Which tissue secretes water? Describe its
structure and give examples.
33. List out anatomical adoptions of Hydrop
hytes?
34. Write briefly on classification of xerophytes?
35. Why did Mendal selected pea plant for his
hybridization experiments.
36. Write a brief note on chromosomal muttions?
37. Which characters of pea plant were considered by Mendal for hybridization exper
iments?
38. Write a short note on annual rings?
8 Marks Questions
1. Describe the Internal structure of cycas lea
flet with neat lablled diagram and listout
the xerophytic adaptations seen in it.
2. Describe the structure of ovule of cycas.
3. Describe the internal structure of Funaria
Capsule.
4. With the help of bio-chemical reactions,
explain the various phases of photosynthetic carbon reduction occuring in the C3
plants.
5. Explain the biochemical reactions of C4
pathway?
6. Explain the respiratory pathway which is
common for both aerobic and anerobic
respirations?
7. Explain the tricorboxylic pathway which
occurs in mitochondrial matrix.
8. Explain various steps in recombinant
DNA technology?
9. Explain briefly the
steps involved in the
tissue culture?
4 Marks Questions
1. Explain the cell structure of an autotrophic thalophyte?
2. Differentiate between scalariform and lateral conjugation in spirrogyra?
3. Write about the three types of hyphae seen
in mycelium of Rhizopus.
4. Describe the antheridial branch of Funaria.
5. Differentiate between antheridial and
archegonial branches of Funnaria.
6. Describe the struture of pteris prothallus.
7. Differentiate between archegonia of Funn
aria nad pteris.
8. Describe the internal structure of coralloid
root of cycas.
9. Write short notes on Bacterial conjugation.
10. How bacteria are classified on the basis of
flagella?
11. How are viruses classified on the basis of
their hosts?
12. Explain the structure of TMV.
13. Explain the structure of T-even bacteriophages.
14. Mention the differences between lytic and
lysogenic cycles?
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Senior Inter
15. Write a short notes on four types of soil

water?
16. What happens when cells are dropped into
hypertonic solution, explain?
17. Explain cohension Tension theory?
18. Describe briefly the mechanism of stomatal opening and closing.
19. Transpiration is a necessary evil. Discuss.
20. What is active absorption of ions ? explain
the mechanism.
21. write about enzyme inhibitors?
22. Explain lock and key hypothesis.
23. Tabulate any eight differences between C3
and C4 plants.
24. Mention the differences between aerobic
and anerobic respiration.
25. Write a shorts notes on RQ.
26. Describe the biochemical pathway of alcoholic fermentation.
27. Describe various steps in the develompent
of root nodules in Legumes.
28. Write about the properties of genetic code.
29. Explain the role of auxins and gibberellins
in agriculture and horticulture?
30. Describe the physiological effects of
Gibberillins?
31. Write a short notes on mass selection.
32. What is a pure line, explain pure line selection with its advantages and achivements?
33. Write a brief note on molecular siscessors?
34. Give an account of applications of tissue
culture.
35. Describe the food values of mushrooms?
36. Give a note on applications of genetic
engineering.
37. Draw a neat labelled diagram of gill of
Agaricus?
38. Describe the process of
Mushroom production?
M.RAGHAVENDRA
Sr. Lecturer in Botany
Cell: 9030700770
*.500/& A> $$$$ R$ Vy$#:

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|C nqT+<+

(Continued...from Last week.)
2. Man is the architect of his fate

It is only a fatalist who leaves things to
God. God is there, divinity is there. But the
Divine would help only those who help themselves. There may be certain elements and situations that may be beyond the control of an
ordinary man. Still it is main himself who bui
lds the mansion of his existence in this words.
A lethargic, idle person paves way for his own
failure. An industrious, constant, pragmatic
man rises from situation to situation - from an
humble position of a shepherd to that of the
President of the U.S.A. A laborious student
concentrating fully on this work gets a gold
medal while one devoting himself to games
seriously may be a Gavaskar. It is main himself who is the architect of his fate.
3. Rome was not builit in a day

Growth is a slow process. The greater an
achievement the slower but balanced and sure
are the results. Building is not only a physical
aspect but more of a cultural one. The Roman
traditions, the Greek knowledge and philosophy, the Japanese culture of work and beauty,
the Indian traditions philosophy, peace and
spiritual magnanimity took centuries to build.
The English discipline to become perfect had
to pass through many phases discipline to be
come perfect had to pass through many phases during its passage of a full millennium. The
people in backward countries dream of beco
ming as developed and rich, as he progressive
countries took years to be, within a day. In the
ir hurry they commit blunders. They hardly
realize that it has meant great preservance on
the part of the developed countries to become
what they are. Let us have patience to be big.
4. The face is an index of mind
sorrow on your sufferings while in one's heart

of hearts one may be really happy in your failure. The present civilized man wears a mask
more a call girl than his real own.
6. Unity is strength
(or)
United we stand divided we fall
5. Necessity is the mother of invention
It was the unity among the people that

gave strength to have big noble empires of the
Guptas in our country. It was disunity among
them which made them vulnerable to attacks
from the Muslim countries of the Middle East
and from Europe for a thousand years. It was
disunity among the people that made the
country weak by division into five units i.e.,
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and
Burma. It has made the old Bharat a weak
country with pockets of different foreign inte
rests in different regions. Leaving apart the
old story of the old man giving small single
sticks it his sons which they could break into
pieces - not the combined bundle, the present
strength of labourers depends upon the unity
through trade unions. It is this strength that co
mpels the strongest governments and industrial empires to bow to
the demands of the poor
labourers.
Man had to save himself from the attacks

of animals and acute cold of the winter seas
on. He invented how to fire-most probably the
greatest invention in the world. Necessities
grow with the change in times. Had there
Expansion
The face is decidedly index of mind in the
case of children or those who are childlike. It
a child is happy the joy is reflected on his fa
ce. His anger and hate too can be seen changing the contours of his face. One can know wh
at lies in the heart of a simple man or woman.
The village folk are simple men who do not
hide their feelings. Their face is the mirror of
their emotions, joys, worries and sorrows. But
the modern age is an age of diplomacy. A
political leader won't unfold his mind upon
his face. His face may gleam with a smile
even when he hates you. The facial expressions may produce a sense of deep gloom and
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9$ AM$
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been no disease the necessary to invent medicines would have never arisen. It became necessary to save man from the vagaries of nature
- house was invented, clothes were invented.
Al the sources of recreation were invented
when it become necessary to remove the boredom of work and exertion. There being no
limit to necessities there never has been one to
inventions too. From the household chores in
the complex times to the world affairs of equ
ally complex nature necessities have given
birth to cooking, washing and cleaning ranges
on the one hand to satellites, sophisticated
weapons, com-puters and missile nuclear
heads on the other.
3) $$s 'n' $ Q $$$$ = [n(n+1)/2]2

4) $$s 'n' Y Q $$$$
= [n(n+1)(2n+1)/6]
5) $$s 'n' Q $$$$ = n2
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K.Venkata Ramana
Cell: 9959 310 234
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Shortcut
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= 364
1 V$$ = 4 (43 = 64)

*y &2
Q AV> 3 V$$$ = 3 x 4 =12
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4) $*y$ Q 2:3:5 s $$
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T<ys+ 16 |e] 2011
(Continued from Last week...)

5. From a point on the slope of a hill, the
angle of elevation of top of a hill is 450.
After walking 200 mt. from that point on
a slope which makes 150. angle with the
horizontal, the same point on the top of
the hill makes an angle of elevation is 600.
Show that the height of the hill is 100
(6+2) mt.
6. A pillar of 10mt height is mounted on a
spire. From a point on the level ground,
the angles of elevation of the top and foot
of the pillar are 750 and 450 respectively.
Find the height of the spire.
7. From a point B on the level ground away
from the foot of the hill AD, the top 'A'
makes an angle of elevation . From the
Point 'B' the Point 'C' is reached by moving a distance 'd' along a slant (slope)
making an angle with the horizontal. If
'' is the angle of elevation of the top of
the hill from C, find the height of the hill.
Hint: Simlar to Problem 5 and Apply sine rule.
8. To find the height of the hill CD with its
top as 'C', a horizontal line AB of length 'a'
is drawn along the foot of the hill. If CAB
= , CBA = DAC = show that CD =
asin.sin/sin(+)
9. ABCD is a monument built vertically on
the level ground. From a Point 'P' away
from the monument on the level ground,
the angles of elevations of AB, AC, AD
are , and respectively. If AB = a, AC
= b, AD = c AP = x and ++ = 1800
show that (a+b+c)x2 = abc.
COMPLEX NUMBERS
1. Find the multiplicative inverse of (i) (3, 4)
(ii) 7+24i
2. If z = cos + isin then S.T z - 1/z = 2isin
3. If x+iy = 1/(1+cos+isin) S.T 4x2-1 = 0
4. If z = 2-3i S.T z2-4z+13 = 0
5. Find the square root of (i) 3+4i (ii) -5+12i
6. If 1,, 2 are cube roots of unity, P.T
1/(1+2) 1/(1+)+1/(2+) = 0
7. Prove that 2-i/(1-2i)2 and -(2+11i)/25 are
conjugate complex numbers.
8. Find the locus of Z in the argand plane if
arg (z-1) = /2
9. Express the complex numbers (i) -1-i (ii)
3+i (iii) -1-3i (iv) 1-i into polar form.
(modulars - Amplitude) from
10. Find the locus of z = x+iy if (i) z-i/z-1 is
purely imaging (ii) Re (Z-4)/(Z-2i) = 0.
DE MOIVRE'S THEOREM
1. (i) S.T (1-cos+isin)/(1+cos-isin) =
iTan/2
(ii) S.T (3/2 + i/2)5 - (3/2-i/2)5 = i
2. If 'n' is a +Ve integer, Prove that following
(i) (1+i)n + (1-i)n = 2n/2+1.cos(n/4)
(ii) (P+iq)1/n+(P-iq)1/n = 2(p2+q2)1/n cos
(1/n.arc Tan(q/p))
=
(iii)(1+cos+isin)n+(1+cos-isin)n
2n+1cosn(/2).cos(n/2)
3. Prove that {(1+sin/8 + icos/8)/(1+sin/8
- icos/8)}8/3 = -1
4. If x = cos + isin , y = cos + isin show that
(i) 1/2(xy+1/xy) = cos(+) (ii) x2y3+1/x2y3 =
2cos(2+3)
(iii) xmyn+1/xm.yn = 2cos(m+n)
5. If and are the roots of x2-2x+4 = 0 then
S.T n+n = 2n+1 cos (n/3)
6. If cos+cos+cos = 0 = sin+sin+sin
then show that
i) cos3 + cos3+ cos3 = 3cos(++)
ii) sin3+sin3+sin3 = 3 sin(++)
iii) cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 3/2= sin2+
sin2+sin2
7. If 'n' is a +Ve integer, prove that (1+i)2n +
(1-i)2n + (1-i)2n = 2n+1cos(n/2)
8. Solve the equations and find all the values
of 'x' (i) x4-1=0 (ii) x9-x5+x4-1 = 0
TRIGONOMETRY
1. If A+B+C = 1800 then S.T CosA + CosB
+ CosC = 1+4 SinA/2.SinB/2.SinC/2.
2. If A+B+C = 1800 then P.T SinA+SinB+
SinC/SinA+SinB-SinC = Cot A/2.CotB/2.
3. If A+BC+ 900 then S.T Sin2A+Sin2B
+Sin2C = 1-2 sinAsinBsinC
4. In triangle ABC, P.T cosA/2+cosB/2+cos
C/2 = 4cos(-a/4).cos (-B/4).cos(-C/4)
5. If A+B+C=1800 Prove that sin2A+sin2B+
sin2C = 4sinA.sinB.sinC
6. If A+B+C = 1800 P.T cosA/2.cos(B-C/2)
= 4 cosA/2.cosB/2.cosC/2.
Tan(+) = (1+n) Tan

12. P.T cos/11.cos2/11.cos3/11.cos4/11.
cos 5/11 = 1/32
13. If 'A' is not an integral multiple of , P.T
cosA.cos2A.cos4A.cos8A
=
sin16A/16.sinA
14. If 1, 2 are solutions of the equation
acos2+bsin2=c, then find the values of
(i) Tan1+Tan2
(ii) Tan1.Tan2
15. S.T. sinA.sin(600+A).sin(600-A) = 1/4sin3A
16. Find the solution set of the following.
(i) sinx+3cosx = 2
(ii) 2cos2-3sin+1 = 0
(iii) 2(sinx+cosx) = 3
(iv) 2cos2+11sin = 7
(v)sin-3cos=1
(vi) sin+sin4+sin7=0
(vii) Tan+sec=3
(viii) 1+sin2=3sincos
17. Find the values of 'x' in (, ) satisfying
the equation 8 1+cosx+cos2x+...... = 43
18. P.T Tan-1(1/2)+Tan-1(1/5)+Tan-1(1/8) = /4
19. P.T sin-1(4/5)+2Tan-11(1/3) = /2
20. P.T sin-1(3/5)+sin-1(8/17) = cos-1(36/85)
21. solve the equation 3sin-1(2x/1+x2)-4cos-1
(1-x2/1+x2)+2Tan-1(2x/1-x2) = /3
22. solve Tan-1(x+1/x-1)+Tan-1(x-1/x) = +
Tan-1(-7)
Important Questions
7. If A+B+C = 1800 P.T cosA+cosB-cosC =
-1+4cosA/2.cosB/2.sinC/2
8. If A+B+C = 1800 P.T sin2A+sin2B+sin2C
= 2+2 cosA.cosB.cosC
9. In ABC. P.T sin2A/2+sin2B/2-sin2C/2 =
1-2cosA/2.cosB/2.sinC/2
10. If A+B+C = 2S, then prove that cos(S-A)+
cos(S-B)+ cos(S-C)+cosS = 4cosA/2.
cosB/2. cosC/2.
11. In ABC, P.T cosA-cosB+cosC =
-1+4sinA/2.sinB/2.sinC/2.
12. In ABC, P.T cosA/2+cosB/2-cosC/2 =
4cos(+A/4).cos(+B/4).cos(-C/4)
Short Answer Questions
1. If cos+sin = 2 cos then S.T cos-sin
= 2sin
2. If A+B = 450 prove that (1+TanA)(1+TanB)
= 2 and hence deduce that Tan221/20 = 2-1
3. If A+B = 2250 prove that cotA/1+cotA.
cotB/1+cotB = 1/2
4. If cos/a = sin/b then P.T acos2+bsin2
=a
5. P.T 1/sin100 - 3/cos100 = 4
6. P.T (1+cos/8) (1+cos3/8)(1+cos5/8)
(1+cos7/8) = 1/8
7. P.T sin4(/8)+sin4(3/8)+sin4(5/8)+sin4
(7/8) = 3/2
8. P.T sin180 = (5-1)/4
9. prove that the roots of the equation 16x212x+1 = 0 are sin2(18), cos2(36)
10. If sec(+), sec, sec(+) are in A.P
show that cos.sec/2 = 2
11. If sin = nsin(+2) prove that (1-n)
23. S.T sin-1(3/5)+sin-1(8/17)=sin-1(77/85)

24. Prove that 2Tan-1(1/3)+Tan-1(1/7) = /4
25. solve sin-1(x)+sin-1(2x) = /3
26. S.T. cot(sin-1(13/17)) = sin(Tan-1(2/3))
27. Solve Tan-1(x-1/x-2)+Tan-1(x+1/x+2) = /4
and sin-1(5/x)+sin-1(12/x) = /2
28. If cos-1(p/a)+cos-1(q/b) = then prove that
p2/a2-2pq/ab.cos +q2/b2 = sin2
29. If sin-1x+sin-1y+sin-1z = P.T x1-x2 +
y1-y2+z1-z2 = 2xyz
30. If cos-1x+cos-1y+cos-1z = P.T x2+y2+
z2+2xyz = 1
31. If Tan-1x+Tan-1y+Tan-1z = P.T x+y+z =
xyz
32. S.T sin[cot-1(2x/1-x2)+cos-1(1-x2/1+x2)] =
1 if 0<x<1.
33. S.T cos4 = 8cos4 - 8cos2 +1
34. S.T sin4 = 4sincos3 - 4cos.sin3
35. S.T sin6 = 5cos5.sin - 20cos3.sin3+
6cos.sin5
36. S.T 26.sin5.cos2 = sin7-3sin5+sin3
+5sin
37. S.T 25.cos2.sin4= cos6-2cos4-cos2+2
38. Expand cos5, sin5, Tan5 in powers of
sin, cos, Tan.
PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES
1. In ABC, Tan(B-C/2) = (b-c)/(b+c) cot A/2
2. If A = 300, C = 900, C = 73 find a, b
3. S.T (b-acosc) sinA = a.cosA.sinc
4. If a = 26, b=30, cosC = 63/65, find 'c'
5. S.T cosA/a+cosB/b+cosC/c = a2+b2+c2/ 2abc
6. S.T a(bcosC-ccosB) = b2-c2
7. (i) S.t asin2C/2+Csin2A/2= s-b
(ii) bcos2 C/2+Ccos2B/2 = 5

8. In ABC (i) P.T b2=c2+a2-2ca cosB
(ii) P.t a = bcosC+ccosB
9. In ABC, if a=(b+c) cos then S.T sin =
2bc/b+c cosA/2
10. In ABC S.T a3.sin(B-C) = 0
11. In ABC P.T a/bc+cosA/a = b/ca + cosB/b
= c/ab + cosC/c
12. S.T a3cos(B-C) +b3cos(C-A)+c3cos(A-B)
= 3abc
13. S.T (i) cotA+cotB+cotC = a2+b2+c2/4
(ii) acos2A/2+bcos2B/2+ccos2C/2 = S+/R
(iii)cotA/2+cotB/2+cotC/2/cotA+cotB+cotC
= (a+b+c)2/a2+b2+c2
14. If C = 600 P.T
(i) a/b+c + b/c+a = 1
(ii) b/c2-a2 + a/c2-b2 = 0
(iii) If (a+b+c)(b+c-a) = 3bc then prove that
A=600
15. If 1/a+c + 1/b+c = 3/a+b+c then P.T C = 600
16. If a/cosA = b/cosB = c/cosC P.T ABC is
an equilateral
17. In ABC prove tat 1/r = 1/r1+1/r2+1/r3
(ii) r.r1r2r3 = 2
18. In ABC, Express r1cotA/2 in terms of 'S'
19. In an equilateral le, find r/R
20. In ABC,
(i) If =6 sq.cm S = 1.5cm find 'r'
(ii) if a = 13, b = 14, c = 15 find 'r'.
21. in ABC S.T
(i) r+r1+r2-r3 = 4RcosC
(ii) r1+r2+r3-r = 4R
(iii) r+r3+r1-r2 = 4RcosB
22. In ABC
(i) cosA+cosB+cosC = 1+r/R.
(ii) cos2A/2+cos2B/2+cos2C/2 = 2+r/2R
23. (i) If TanA/2=5/6, TanC/2 = 2/5 Then S.T
a, b, c are in A.P.
(ii) If the angle are in the ratio 1:5:6 then
S.T the ratio of its sides is 3-1:3+1:22
24. In ABC, prove that
(i) rr1+r2r3/bc = rr2+r3r1/ac = rr3+r1r2/ab
(ii) ab-r1r2/r3 = bc-r2r3/r1=ca-r3r1/r2
(iii) r1/bc+r2/ca+r3/ab=1/r-1/2r
25. If P1,P2,P3 are the lengths of the attitudes
from the vertices of ABC to the opposite
sides then, prove that
(i) 1/P1+1/P2+1/P3 = 1/r
(ii) 1/P1+1/P2-1/P3 = 1/r3
(iii) P1.P2.P3 = (abc)2/8R3 = 83/abc
26. If a = 13, b=14, c=15 show that R=65/8,
r=4, r1=21/2, r2=12, r3=14
27. If a=26, b=30, cosC=
63/65 Prove that
R = 65/4, r=3, r1=16,
r2=48, r3=4.
phani_maths@yahoo.com
10
T<ys+ 16 e] 2011
|C nqT+<+
10th Class ENGLISH

A TEST OF TRUE LOVE
1) Who was Blandford?
A) Blandford was a Military Officer.
2) Why was Blandford waiting at the
Railway Station?
A) Blandford was waiting at the Railway
Station for his friend Hollis Meynell.
3) His heart was beating so hard-Why?
A) He would see the women who had occupied much of his thoughts for the past 13
months.
4) How were John Blandford and Hollis
Meynell going to recognize each other?
A) Blandford and Hollis Menell were going
to recognize each other by a little red rose
and the book "Of HumanBondage".
5) Lieutenant Blandford had asked Hollis
Meynell for her photograph several
times but she had refused. Why?
A) The looks do not matter if his feelings
have any real love.
6) 'Lieutenant Blandford did not hesitate'
What did he not hesitate to do? Why
did he not hesitate?
A) Blandford held the old book 'Of Human
Bondage'. He showed it to recognize himself. It would be precious. It would be
friendship and would always be grateful.
BANGLE SELLERS ( POEM)

1) Where do the Bangle sellers sell their
bangles?
A) The Bangle sellers sell their bangles at
holy place.(Market)
2) The bright bangles are signs or tokens
of something - what is it?
A) The bright bangles are signs for happy
daughters and happy wives.
3) Why is the word 'rainbow' used to
describe the colour of the bangles?
A) The word 'rainbow' used to describe the
various colours of the bangles.(VIBGYOR)
4) Which colour of bangles are suitable for
maidens' wrist(unmarried women)?
A) The colour Silver and Blue are suitable for
maiden.
5) Which colour of bangles are suitable for a
bride?
A) The colour of the fields of sunlit corn are
suitable for bride.
6) Which colour of bangles are suitable for a
women?
A) The colour of Purple and gold spotted
grey bangles are suitable for women.
7) Do you agree what are the three stages in
the light of a women?
A) A young unmarried women, bride, a wo
men has journeyed through life mid waY.
THE CURSE OF TUTENKHAMEN

1)
A)
2)
A)
Who was Tutenkhamen?

Tutenkhamen was phraoh or ruler of Eygpt.
Where was he buried?
He was buried in four- room tomb in the
Valley of the Kings on the west bank of
the river Nile near Luxor in Egypt.
3) Who made the discovery?
A) The discovery was made by two Eng lishmen -- Howard Carter was a professional
archaeologist, Lord Carnarvon was a rich
man.
4) What remarkable thing was happened
on 4th November 1922?
A) When Carter was removing some stones
near a Royal tomb, a step appeared. They
found a collection of treasures in the
tomb.
5) When the last man climbed out of the
tomb? What happened?
A) A sudden sand storm blew up and a
hawk, the ancient royal symbol of Egypt,
flew overhead.
6) How was Carnarvon dead?
A) He was bitten on the cheek by a mosquito. He caught pneumonia and died.
7) What was the report of the doctors
about the mummified body of Tutenkh
amen?
A) He had a small depression on his cheek
which was a mosquito bite.
DANCING ON
1) 'Sudha's uncrushable spirit' - What is
this phrase a reference to ?
A) Sudha showed a wonderful performance
after Sudha's courageous come back.
Sudha Chan dran's life?

A) She overcame her handicap and came
back to Bharathanatyam.
A STORY THAT COULD BE

TRUE (POEM)
1) Do you think that babies could get '
exchanged in the cradle'?
A) Babies could be exchange in the cradle
they would not have their real parents.
2) Why would you be found standing on
the corner shivering?
A) There was heavy rain. There was no body
with him so he would be standing on the
corner with shivering.
3) Why is the wanderer always thinking
about his true identity?
A) His mother died. He lost his father. He had
no parental affection. He thought that he
might be a king.
1) Why did death drive his carriage slowly?

A) Death put away his labour and leisure and
civility.
2) What places did the carriage pass?
A) The carriage passes the schools wrestling,
grain fields, setting sun.
3) Who travels in the carriage?
A) The poet, death and immortality.
4) Why did the carriage stop before the house?
A) He travels towards eternity.
CHRISTMAS MEETING
DEATH BEFORE PRAYERS
1) What are the three stages in the narrator's life?

A) The childish Christmas, the adolescent
Christmas and the adult Chirstmas.
2) Which Chirstmas she perhaps did'nt
enjoy? How do you know?
A) In the Adolescent Christmas there was the
war and bitter cold.
1) What did his last meal consist of ?

A) His last meal consisted of goat's milk,
cooked and raw vegetables, oranges, and a
mixture of ginger, sour lemons, and stra
ined butter with juice of aloe?
2) What was the importance of conversation between Gandhi and Patel?
A) There were the rumours of disagreements
Questions
2) When she met an accident? What happened to her?
A) She was injured in a road accident. It res
ulted in a gangrenous infection. Doctors
amputated her right leg from about eight
centimetres below the knee.
3) 'Sudha's search began.' What did this
search lead to?
A) Sudha search began to acquire a Jaipur
Foot and to come back to the World of
Bharathanatyam.
4) Did Sudha's parents and the others
support her efforts to return to dancing? How can you tell?
A) Yes. Her parents, guru, physiotherapist
supported her passionate effort to return to
dancing.
5) When Sudha did ask her father the
usual question , what did he say?
A) Her father touched her feet and said that it
was his tribute to a great artist.
6) Why do you think Sudha made the film
Kalabhimani?
A) The film Kalabhimani was made based on
the true life of Balanna, a deaf artist and
a great character actor.
7) Are there any common features in the
lives of Balanna, Helen Keller and
Sudha Chandran?
A) They are physically handicapped and they
overcame handicap. They showed good
performance.
8) "The seed of achievement lies in the
hum an mind", How is this true of
&
FOR DEATH (POEM)
Answers
3) Why does she think that 'there's nothing romantic' about her meeting him?
A) She is nearly fifty and he is twenty. So
there is nothing romantic about it.
4) Does the young man like being alone at
Christmas? Why isn't he with his family for the festival?
A) Yes. He likes being alone at Christmas. He
is a writer. His family does' nt appreciate
his nature.
DOG IS MAN'S BEST FRIEND

1) If they are neighbours, why do they
write to each other?
A) The dogs damaged their flower beds of
the gardens.
2) How long do you think Colonel White
and Mr.Telman have been neighbours?
A) They have been neighbours for a long
time.(from 3rd July 1970)
3) Which do you think is the most insulting letter - Why?
A) The most insulting letter is James White,
Colonel scolds his dog is not a pedigree
dog and mongrel is not easy to control.
4) Are the animals better behaved and
more sensible than human beings?
A) The animals are better behaved and more
sensible than human beings. The dogs tho
ught that their masters have been living
next to each other for many years. But
they behaved like a couple of cats. So the
animals are better than their masters.
BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP
3)
A)
4)
A)
5)
A)
6)
A)
7)
A)
between Patel and Nehru. It was brought

to Gandhi's advice.
Who were his walking sticks?
Abhand Manu were his walking sticks.
Who was Ba?
Ba was Gandhiji's wife.
Who were his time keepers?
Aband Manu were his time keepers.
Where did he sit during the prayer?
He sat on the wooden platform.
When did the man shoot, What happened?
When the man shot, blood began to stain
Gandhiji's white clothes. His face turned
pale. He descended slowly to the ground.
WHERE THE MIND IS WITHOUT

FEAR (POEM)
1) Where is the mind without fear?
A) Where the mind is strong and reveals anything fearless.
2) Where knowledge is free?
A) The people can use their knowledge freely
in various fields.
3) Where the world has not been broken?
A) The human mind should be broad and not
limited within the fragments of domestic
walls.
4) Where will not the reason ended?
A) The words should be reasonable , sensible , useful
and selfless.
P.N.Bhaskar Rao,
School Asst. Nellore
email:navodayabhaskarrao@gmail.com
T<ys+ 16 e] 2011
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10

HISTORY OF HINDI LITERATURE-APPSC JL/DL/LPCET

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