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  • MacDougall-Visual in Anthro

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    ZeynepSertbulut
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    MacDougall-Visual+in+Anthro

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    MacDougall-Visual+in+Anthro

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    12 visualizações10 páginas

    MacDougall-Visual in Anthro

    Enviado por

    ZeynepSertbulut
    MacDougall-Visual+in+Anthro

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
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    Remuneine Visvar AuriRoporocs gas, Marans Const iraare meee Yale 09 The visual in anthropology David MacDougall “The visual as metaphor Anthropology ba had no lck of intrest nthe visa problem hs tle ex what todo with This problem i stoic ated Another enhropolopial problem what odo wit the person ~the so tent hinking Being wha bang ow clare but, en the anopols [as pln ef ew ean fen erate ony avery ama part af, As ttbropology developed rm an armchair dscipine toa dy of act founmunies, seed somehow strange tht the person, the object of the antropologis’ attention, should renal lapelytnvsible tothe tnheopolgisl audience An eal remedy, ewe fnow, wat To beng trot people to mise, leturer and wich popular venus 4s wo ir and colonial exposons. Ina sense tht gave lo ofaclentc respectability to he elting practice of dlpaying indigenous people ‘arses a chess and ether enteranmene (Corbey 1993; Das 1993; Finley 1991; Pojnant 1992; Stet 1972. Iehiy hela of he Mose of Ansopology e Krocber's informant and kind of Weng exhib Fane Boas helped organize the Anthropological Hall at the Weald Colombian Expostion of 1893 in Chicago, where fourteen Kwok ‘were ieplae! (inter 191: 348-30). Senegalese sam in the foun tains of Pare dating the Exposition Eshmogriphique de Afeque (Occidentale of 1895 (Demeny 1996). "This provided vedi, bu the anthropoogie could’ Sinly puta \Wolof pater Trobrind gardener into mn etheloyeal manograph. A beter alternative to importing people was ro pu photographs of then in the monograph and show Bl of thom at lctre, as Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer id with hie lms af the Arande at Melbourne Town Hall in 1902." What I would ke to sbow weal be the rea native’ he ‘wrist i send Lovie Fon (Call and Carl 1982! 37), but by this tne he meant only uncensored photographs of naked mes and ‘women. nay casera antopolops had caconeed carl, the body 276. imeqetion, rove rom tus surroundings wx often sigulaly Rechts uncommosiaive about clare. The anbropologiel ‘bd info {hele much mote, extendingovtwads from the peso to ocd the soil group, the ply stg, the fils and pst, the eins, fortens nf she eck. Phot ne itt heed lis ap anda some ofthe pressure of the living Sovwhpecld ny beamed oso the ldwor ste Moyen, the bsenecl the yerson=regtheed he imporcance of the vou, whieh thrcugh photoes, fms me mscum atl Heparin eon tha her ween ‘Ering sur vou images They appeneed to show everthing ad Societe phycal body remind somone The vse ord alte the bur you removed get atthe conceptual nd verbal wel sie bt laning done so yo col ia good eonscnce hw i Fay. Wal objects, hing excel rest fit a the prod Id fndors of colar but ating os exposes ft bepan o ace shew tance (ors) metaphors for wbropology, And into the vil foe 2 z i 3 i 3 Mimemel Ares at Jee Vitvian photographs of hung expeditions often dipped get andantcope in deve aps ec eben the psig of th marco eel newt in Spine and ince pats of posse end nee space This ‘fee onepumentl tnt une he bons ofthe dead stock the plate of Nespolian catacomb At the Pt Ries Bluscum in Onitrd some cbs were onnsed sll by chap, athough Hee 9 fimeoval or loony rstonship wa sometimes suggested. The teshee meri of indian aac a hl edece a ingen td workmanship becune ps of lrger acted pital dein, ‘The elo ine Mande dene and the Amerins Museu of Natural History commonkcted tlgous aura of sence celebrating, nein, mul speci aes ence cleat he nil wort Freeh vil stood infor an sbsent many, arch areca 278 sod forthe of God Fora general pblicimbued wih eas of sca Darwinism the visual appeac caf katie peoples wa the mor abvious way of pling them Terese beeen clea man and animal Pictores became sbst Ate for more sbsiact or exoerckoowledge, which any ese was begining to contdict evoltionary tery Crimi Inguanss, for (empl vere now recogized as high complen), Features such as Satedncss snd the use of animal products (feather, ain, hai and ones, communicated by meane of photographs and wl areas in aoa aeand megane stations, became sync indcatrs of how ‘ose people were wo nate “These indiestors were turned back upon anthroplony in books Tor example, 1 Ree Elggtds Kine Son's Mines 18851 ane esky fa popular cle cesta te own itera and theatrical savages. Tbe fit decade of the went century the sereograp and pctre estand fas weve reaching ther peak, The Keystone Sereosopie Encropedisof 1906,» puke ist boxed eo view, comtis 13 sefeences to acl geography, peoples of allan’ By 1907 the 12 Ah company wns capt of producing 15,000 sero view cad pes day (Desh 1977 30-5) Ip 1903-10 86 milion picture postcard Bere pote in Great Bain alae (Peterson 158: 166). prominent Wescdgeme was photography indgenous people innate des (er Pesised)muny yuck a hore produced by) Andean the French CASE Eortowing ee the photographie systens of TH. Hey Jobo Tampey and other siete «sl conscioul “anopomec’ sty Te dames of tascam, usualy showing animals bt sometimes ‘Reloing inodele o priniive’, tated the framing of phocoraphs Sad pte othe trmpe el of ereoscopi ews. toe toms Rethinking Vil Ant oly desta deep sh cl cnet eva ther pracy asa way of oxgniing socey by pes Like the collecting ‘falta botanical amples potogapy provided anew way of ‘eetng human models, past which further examples could be cox puted and clasiied (Edwards 19927). Por administrative purposes ‘at offen more important to iden somone sa member of «grou? than te sow much about the group sll. Vial cls, os Bete (1912:573-7 nats, help people deny member of ober groups, bt (a leat inthe Indian cootet) people ‘ate mote koowedgesbe bout those superior o themselves in satus and power than shout those inf or (p57) Inthe later eas, vile signs may be more important in ‘efning people a relation to desl than in relation teach ater: The ‘ible emphasises what ones na. For the ealonisers a well afr the onied a eancep of purty and impurity was an uadeying ricile of socil segmentation, Manipulating human estegois reinforced the le ro deco wl at eo pov pd "he passion for andropomety and photographic cataloguing of etic tel occupttna pes ~ encourage accrcing to Pinney (1990: 261) by India’s extraordinary hetrogenety~ was nevertheless no moze than subset ofthe larger anthroplogcal and imperal project of ping the ye 2 an eg i 5 en hel Fe Ho eee Bh 10s ape ‘whole word Sec forms of niasuremeat may have paid meagre returns [rem of acta! knowlege bit they ha the seisying lok of know {ge Popular eakure minked this knowledge pictrepesteards fom fru the world bore such captions as "Type indipine, “Gueser Toncay’and Atypical wel proportioned Za worms ‘Natal sien, which used xtrtons extensively in comping its tazonmiee prove an early impets fr athropcony to study the ‘ol pers of eultre,Antiopology was inspired by zalogy, botany Thi pelogy to deserve the word inal and there was a correspond! Ing cnphsi apa these aspects of clare tha oul be dawn or po tegrapbed: Tener, as well considered ic ipeambent upon them 10 (toa ethnographic information, Ninccenth-century bnographies ial books of exploration ae Sled with ine drawings of implements ody decorations, comme, every and architectural eas eshte eos se | en oni | Searle Phosogiaphs were a prominent feature of ethnographic unt the 193s bu become prgsesely eacer inter works, Hatersiey’s The Boginda of Home (1508), for exnmpe,conaine city photographs Jmotts Be feof e South Afi Tribe (1912) contains 112 ist Yan est of them boson, Rata’sAsbat (1923) cota 1B, Bar by 196, an ethnography such s Spencer's The Sambar cootsines ul Beal hs Te Manse’ of Metearo of 1988 none mall Some of the pone reasons for this decine have Been summarised by Pinney (ipo: aic2), bur the deline ef has pethaps mased the fact that Aol anchropoogy asa anhropoloy ofthe visual ~ peated cal lan TlomghertageIfvslaneopoogy Inter becee es focuses ‘Oh content thea on method (nogaphic filmmaking and phorors hy) a Morphy and Banks not in ths volume chapter 1) perhaps Fly bec sch interests were S000 hived off into statis of prim Tear eeeaogy and flor Rethinking Vinal An olay 20 But there were eer ras oo. Grimshaw (chapter, this volt snes that the end ofthe nineteenth centr ured of nh ‘des towards the visual in which the asuned cdberence and super ityofBaropean dustin’ usin ofthe world wa al share by the Fist World We. While hs shift may have changed the rate of he visa ancropology, tid not immediately dni The panopic ‘view of humanity was prada eeplaced by x notion that the He of ay people could be expressive of te through imapes, a inthe ety fins Lari and af the 188 CamiyidgeAntropoogcl Expedition to ‘he Torres Sit These ins emphasising ‘showing ovr‘ (Grimshaw pA, Thus a is tine serge apparently sl con sted aa way of knowing. thd boon eae he en. A demonstration of fiesmaking (ouch as that ln the Cambridge Torre Simi footage) could sta template forthe proces along oie reprodoced, her like flowing an isteuctian marl. Visi record ing saved the exet in some read sense view that we sil Beng ely Mae Med 174 ve wt fb ca tnd preserved by for centre Inepretation could be provided Tne he eri hing was tosaleag the dts = Visible caltreand vial media The einen in vin ntopooy, which Bean wh ech obs hn pally indi pepe Fen eg dc of ‘skagen Conch 97am A Hans vw of he iy emerson nepensbl pec snbropcoge apa ts hve ben fice pee yeu y Kirsten Haas iw ta ‘Snpal ontop wing fim eet 99213} Sd ince Bloc belt tha antropolgia who delete much ine {2m hve ot comidene in hei owm hese’ Houtman 198 2 ‘hes ef cose atin vis he an rly aes nt et anes hee Ho ein ein Vacancies of cod loys emo uch eer Shistted mags of ther sci roe nan a SE scet comes teaming the strate of hay A Teagan ncommuces ea FocrgEbt Like the tarbuby never sys acing, bt the wetting ore wo be snl about H Word, on he tht bund ieee more tony once you ae writen hen, “Seach seen act nual aoa one sgn aici ing sane of thle once promise fo, Hat ee etre hey action ao mae by Nesphy ad Banks th Feeay chaps yolome What acter ee encamped by “aul urkopelgy? Tae oom tone ha the sual anhpolsy Tathes bleu fos On he ther fhe vial cop {Re fate he eon media w deve a oa cleo Sol Paks ene is the difetenes beeen ‘nga medium wd uly RR se usd (181190) The ve il samctines ovesp carpal wile ston srctimes demands vial conmanicaon ihe fa form ese an extension of traonal anton sarees acie int new abject eu The second proposes ich mpc a its trols moter of scour “AS atropoony ye cata fom ea nlzopoloy i ot bnadeing fsscopeineworwee isexpandingrembracince Sore poccn mae ee cl eens “ong enn topless benny tention fo Tog earns nave ese on pry ol te: histone photprths, newspherogaphy, spore sie i books, peta sercgrphs dy decorate, fie fer nigra bowe my, iy ot, ert re uaa artectre, cides deans, plies, thea ery ete ad face cxpesion (loth thee ive + Te Siegord Sec every come an personal soraent Terral Sign anes on ind, ay of he express yt of Pat ey tar communicte esnings paral or primary by sar te Wernay arbre profs rondeed view clare 22 Banh caro of yg’ 1, hc see + ear al flea gn sens Like those ai opto een cemee clan at nea clara tie of ur Shnibelcney of su msn sacs in Wenn yas 32 Sree final sem inwhet were nce called edstnd {SSS paclynther soil ensaenen wt he Wes ils nal production peer amore comes ease, frit i eas ty anaplastic ames of fees Fee yonng cfr! fom ike ary others fe, Austen Rethinking Vil Anthology Akg exp anced cnlacepenined pe gabe coy eel tf ca ee oar ttn elec te Riche cinerea cab trum hci corrective to stereotyping, misrepresemtaion and demigrtion {as men many Native American groups). amma pinresanei” npc noi cop fen ne ote ne cola tp ua Eu Aetna serdar mater nai ft Tio aah Wor, Sach ak Ions pes toni sma in eon ov uth win and oan nso sy a Sec deumag ota bet inwes nace pa suscace wel pogo meng pene mean aay [Siemon ces Se 93) Te pv sm gem onl hve ago ms i ei ‘ature’ (Ginsbury 1994: 6) in part becuse Indigenous media produ tend nes tn ng hes whe oar cose iss sh thee bs cote fo od Inn er Tees Inenor nero ensign xve Theis pman slog wh bic Sapss ean 0 Tonge contin wiki socal enclave, no neces considers ho ays cl bonded sprestsativ of «clu nd pbc ern. ‘All hee factors place nigeius media producers a tt in incerta and textual pskon. Tei works bor a prod of ‘eS ommanary on contesting colores, Ginsburg further su FEASMhiris expansion ht plcatons both Fo what epeseted Re ow afer representation, exatesa'pralix efet which by ‘Replacing the taitonel sew of ethnographic ln, ray in the nd one (9414), Nile, wetng ma nar vein, is eran not are ing rail when he ips tht ebnopap ic lakers ae rstiocexingly mrgoalize, thy would well 10 dently ‘ore lovey thot marginalised peoples (0991) “XS ahropaogst discover new subjects ~ either in exablshed ice Clutl ors rin ean ses of the val media ~ hey ay TEP adine the tevin of antnopology. As indigenous aroups ake Moles cond f the wal meds they may wel ake tinal 1 aprsentaint ol themecves. Bat i ihe of these rape ail ntbropalony pee # fedarentl cpistemolocl ‘leapt to ube hos been eld "the anthropological project’ They ere ake anthropology ore senive 1 the polit nd pos Bef Seal presentation. Tie more substantive callenge 0 anbro isp hough comes not simpy from branding ts purview but Hots coring ino, commoniatve systems dierent rom the ‘ror ploy af word’ I thy it revives the historical question Of hat ad sth he va how tps thas ive been ake a his direction have vended to be isle sn loa apd ar fen the ese ina developing dish Bier the plonets re offen eon cuter (uch o Fabety and jhall or secs auch ae Bateson ad Roel fy Roby’ s comment ann chroplogts can proauce credible chnographic fils then TURE pone ire in peeing ls about clare Boer seen an ehnograses? 5H. 168~ elect widespread ‘othe ipovetors nist i aise conservative minsresmEe0 Ee directions have been opened up by foxmally ined anthro elope dhe rss are often mnconstrcd. As Pt Soller note Jean Pot noun fis tec nnowins nf bt not fo he anton: hi fm take to theres fen pezeintion Efdoa boy Frater, Roch’ ls are accept ony because tei apemarapbie content exists akin to he illerent Kv of anthro eee dering they eke pose cinematic. This is per PeeRSteexperet since mon works of visual anthropology sm at fe ae Nor‘ lth sal ansopoloy il be worthy of sexo Staton an tinapology 20 lng ms icnfine et lati Soames trast ansrepologia concepts no apes, fn tlio journalism onto antropalogel subjects A tvinopabg Theil in ty Resin Vial An 26 ofthese ors etn wedded to ener Forms. None commis isl ren a of speaking. Irscun lea tht ws anropology now uigenty neds to cons ite ie within 4 theres framework that reaseses anti plogi objectives Aller we ofthe properties ofthe viel mi will En siguifeant addins to how otbropologts dine thie wa ol Knowing. which ito sy that categories of anthropological now wl hae tobe erly tthe, both n lation to scence and tothe ‘eprescotatonlsyaen ff video and photography. The potent ti echnograpic bln ean 0 longer be thot af spy ab a frm of Fini etnograpby, 8 Ruby ee rometines defined (1975; 198%, "The val sea make ose of princes of impli, visual 10 ane, Hentfcaon an shin perspective that fle radely rom the rinaples of most mibropaogial writing Tey involve the viewer inbeatite proces and meaning tition suite dferen frm verbal Statement ge, tier fomation and speculation. Ae Gilbert Lewis has noted they ao hve quite different wns of placing ses and on testeling deta, "The pater can elaborate deals without stcfcing the general lect The plctare may sl eazy suit and mpl n piel the mats of dei, Vou sce 8 whole. But wena pasion fr ‘Tesi is ployed in terre the effec i quite diferent. Aer along, cadenc tton of esr the rtd page, the ways a which twecan represent elie eer are changing (1986 404-1). Abore {he visuel medi allow us to conaruc knowledge not by esription {eo borrow Hertand Kass terms) but by a form of equrntanee (p12 46-59, Ahqugh shit ja croc dfeencebersen using nd stung the ssc of the visual, there ran inportae lk beeen tem. The study of llective visual representation lf generses new questions bout frow amvopelogy ca romsmunicate about them. Do vaual stems segue ceri nto iia al cain a’ 18 they SSBB Gintce poeron of unerencig? are det our atetion towards 2 ear tg remaied tthe marine of avo Foe at fa oval sign ster mah a oy, Vial moots sy et it ns tng, bt soir ngs eta. Enlarging anbropolony hemoportance of many ofthese areas of study was recognised long a8 iinornel nt le pty Jig bnd communicating understandings about tern has been n ining cc ch te are ls as ee ictus i denn eng ich econ 8 enter ne a so pate ae Sela cnn chars sed a chee Ee ae enepson oe ne on any na lomet uli coneatonl ike for retina dat Eo retin iyo sin ed singly Bt hea cro yt tid am ie a a loon proieaconmon baer pen eet Soe nae ie bee cg ed enaeer eon Set nt wc wg dace i before anthropology emerge a a dlcipine. “ie Selle eas cell ma a hs spl sean ars ns et ttn in ine Bas es ree nt en tr eotaipdconcpa ianinge senior Spinel bps ey Nace ph at giinicidn lanosog acinar bag Sanenelinnttes nc aie ee See {2 Fa 5 aan calc nse oe ‘ening ap at ‘TRelnping of pamotan aera nh eee es otal ha ol neither Crepe tomes ncn ‘tin ey ry oder a ese ongpenar utara a Se wag ee ae “nding “ned pt ind weed cena ee ‘Segoe er ere es es ee cies sae gai (0. 93°), Moshe ee ‘a lol termi lei nny init Sa inch yah vial prs ag a Fessler ta te ese Tics ean soo cna cr sive a sicher scase of how cukure pexmeates and puttens social exper thes rc mano a el ‘Gale se Sec EE es aia re upon sae” cel the viewer on multiple levels. They may make j reer dean < mena pce ho eof else ftecine nd ort mang and ee longer simply declarative. . ies men oy fi is ee _new works may attempt to construct sets of relationships that resembl ‘Sacelpa eve Sennen oe asx Sefoned molt pe ea Rating Vie! An opis ss ffeing pathway tthe snes wd to scl epee mare ‘rc ten wht ny bei of the ewer wl alen cmsbioe Fecal ite ree ih cringe {pun nny ab equ so place tha expeuence wih he contest Sie Becca tn etd rd wha deans there area the vial enropolgit sown agageent with he su flan in. The ixopclogi may never Deel oar ie fal cusde the mato the wrk ise. Sontins en anno anderstnding ay before chy throu mapbor Minetsslone rel enough beense rae xp “Tl espense sero atl bound on be rekoundy mild iee'th aptly for cian du th wero Hm wl pas the ‘Reining of ita hac ence yess Ben sabe ne ey Beef the parent, ss Cine Toren puts (99 4h Bator in inane) cn be the concreting ofthe self and expe: ‘bein ther tins no sie o analy, bt as bly exesn, ‘Re Mid acon sec, Toes the pele or soc ‘pets fseaps comsrction apd urbe ef Pie dine eanzpton of ama oir» argent ik metnnr ms beepers (a 2 rae interdependent ind uo body Sel and Work 989" 14)Thisellsing of mesg ‘nln forged of spaten ngage cae a cen more owe emo cosratn iva ned o's car ins doce ‘enn’ lo Wight Some of Cero Pan's Le Sn des es fl he work of Reon makers sich 8 Aton i ln Incr issn shee preset th sere hot enone ad Tag of ejccs ne perce socted wth feng, aeons ad ater of mind ‘Nod pat oth ataton ofthe ina cay opal ey snk very conics is prose of more hon it deere. his ‘pect the vaal (ities aurean exhibit pecan o® fil) {ted ian ater coments, promi commode inp) or sexe ulinen sn porrograpi be bling toe rnctapeatel spec. Pancy tlowing, Csi Nt) bes re ta the tlie and supenson ef he phforah eseble Th ance chidhood which es he ets (9G), Wht was vrais vl iggy ast ite tex, sis apa {et pleted hic Hoda tober conten md tay Set reeled lein essence ofa oud scons, Jot she Gvertedprodct ses oly hina colt dzous offcion ad {ie te poreparac ingen anartve of improv fay. “Toth anropajt wh knew he cota conten tev inate spoke eames, bar at per vs pa source of dng, A anc TEA thoopmph a lof ordueed petal Unite ween 257 Thevinel is antbrepologs Rethinking Vit Ach «tstiptons, which alway provided rome son of context x phot ‘ul be supplied wth any sor of meaning by We viewer heat retin scent dscns, unwelcome popula ones sich tak {talon enly escaped rom profesional conto, Sint te hee ted fiom anthropologists who dec certain fms tobe dong the public forthe sjecs) trough they mito sows ea There + moral imperave sais allowing Wewere tp to The destning use of photogeaphe in monograph ray well be pa down to thi ens in conceet with a shift ay fom eval tnthtopology’s ennivoroussppetie for dtl towards more hole

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