Marine Biology Semester Two Review Sheet

Ch. 8 Marine Fishes

Most fishes belong to the class:

What are the characteristics sea

turtles?

What are the characteristics of

jawless fishes & give an example?

What are the characteristics of

marine birds?

What are some economic uses of

fishes?

Give examples of a seabird?

The whale shark and manta rays

feeds on:
Be able to identify the external
anatomy of a fish.

What are the characteristics of

penguins?
What are the characteristics of
marine mammals?
Compare seals and sea lions.

What are the characteristics of

cartilaginous fishes?

Why are marine mammals hunted?

What are the characteristics of

bony fishes?

How can we tell that cetaceans are

mammals?

Fishes with bodies dorsoventrally

flattened (top-to-bottom) typically
have what type of lifestyle?

Give examples of toothed whales.

Fishes with laterally compressed

bodies typically have what type of
lifestyle?
Fishes with fusiform (torpedoshaped) bodies typically have what
type of lifestyle?
What are myomeres?
What types of adaptations do fish
have to avoid predators?
Describe the countercurrent system
of flow in fishes.
How do bony fishes balance the
salt concentration in their bodies?
Why do fishes school?
How do anadromous fishes
migrate?
What is spawning?
Which type of fin provides the best
acceleration and is found in fast
swimmers?

Ch. 9 Marine Reptiles, Birds, &

Mammals
Which class of animals is found in
marine environments?
The term ectotherm refers to:
All four-legged animals (tetrapods)
are:
Describe the characteristics of
reptiles? Give examples
What are the characteristics of
marine iguanas?

The Order Sirenia includes:

Two organisms, that are not closely

related but that share similar
physical characteristics that are
advantageous to their similar
lifestyles, are said to have
undergone:
The largest of all the whales is the:
In the picture to the right, the fluke
is labeled:
What are the characteristics of a
baleen whale?
Why are the cetaceans at risk of
extinction?
Dolphins and other whales are
adapted for deep diving by:
What is echolocation?
What are the migration patterns of
the humpback and other baleen
whales.
Describe the reproduction of
Pinnipeds.
What are bachelor groups?

Ch. 10 An Introduction to
Marine Ecosystems
What is ecology?
What are resources?
What is biodiversity?
What are abiotic & biotic factors?
What is a population?
What is competitive exclusion?
What is natural selection and give
examples.
What is the current status of
biodiversity on earth?

The ecological niche of a species is

best defined as its:
The relationship between
zooxanthellae and reef corals is an
example of:
Give examples of a tertiary consumer.
The detritus in sea water includes:
Describe the relationship between
predators and their prey population.
Give examples of symbiosis
relationships.
What is standing stock?
How does energy and materials flow
in an ecosystem?
What is primary production?
Compare a food web with a food
chain.
On average, what percentage of
energy in a particular trophic level is
lost as heat energy to the
environment?
Give examples of commensalism.
Describe how energy is passed
between trophic levels.
The pyramid of energy shows the:
Organisms that break down nonliving organic material are:
What areas of the pelagic ocean have
the highest productivity?
What are the parts of the ecological
zonation of benthic ocean by depth?
Describe the epipelagic zone.
Overall, which has higher
productivity, the benthic or pelagic
ocean?
Nitrogen fixation is performed at sea
by:
What are benthic organisms?
What is phytoplankton?
What is the ultimate fate of energy in
an ecosystem?
What two biological processes are
fundamental to the carbon cycle?
The shallowest part of the continental
shelf that is exposed to air at low tides
is the:

Ch. 11 Between the Tides

The shallowest part of the
continental shelf, right where the
land meets the sea is the:
Describe infauna and epifauna?

The most common type of animals

in the rocky intertidal zone are:
What is a strategy intertidal
organisms use to keep from
desiccating?
What strategies used by intertidal
organisms to cope with wave
shock?
What is the most important limiting
resource in rocky intertidal
communities?
Which of the following is not a
problem for intertidal organisms?
Intertidal communities differ
greatly depending on whether it has
which two type of substrates?
Grouping the rocky intertidal zone
into distinctive areas (like bottom,
middle, and upper) where certain
organisms predominate:
In which type of ecosystem would
you find the harshest living
conditions?

Ch. 12 Estuaries: Where Rivers

Meet the Sea
What is detritus?
Coastal areas where fresh water
and sea water mix are:
Estuaries have been impacted
negatively by:
Where are estuaries more common
and extensive?
Water that is intermediate in its
salinity between fresh water and
fully marine water salinities is
called
What is a tidal current?
a. is the movement of water in and
out of the estuary with the rising
and falling tides
What type of substrate would you
expect to find in an estuary?
In which type of ecosystem would
you expect to have a different
salinity than the others?
What are the six types of estuarine
communities discussed?
What are the deposit feeders eat?

Ch. 13 Life on the Continental

Shelf
About 90% of the worlds fishes
are caught in:
What part of the continental shelf
that is never exposed at low tide?

What is the most common bottom

type on the continental shelf?
Where are there more species
(higher diversity)?
Describe subtidal communities that
lack significant amounts of sea
weeds or sea grasses.
What are epiphytes?
Describe kelp forests & sea grass
beds?
What effect do sea urchin
outbreaks have on kelp
communities?
In which type of ecosystem would
you find a kelp forest?

Ch. 14 Coral Reefs

Calcium carbonate is:
What is the dominant life stage of
reef-building corals?
How do reef-building corals obtain
most of their nourishment?
In addition to coral, what other
organism helps build reefs?
Why do coral reefs typically grow
in water that is clear and less than
50 m deep?
What is a fringing reef?
A reef that grows in a ring that
enclosed a shallow lagoon is
called:
What is a barrier reef?
Where is the worlds most
extensive barrier reef?
What are zooxanthellae?
What is an important biological
interaction seen in coral polyps?
Which of the following poses the
biggest threat to coral reef
communities?

Ch. 15 Life Near the Surface

What is nekton?
What type of organisms are the
most common primary producers
in the epipelagic ocean
Describe the primary production in
the epipelagic zone.
What are the challenges faced by
all epipelagic organisms?
Floating or weakly swimming
herbivores and carnivores of any
size are part of the:
What are some important
adaptations related to predator/prey
strategies in the epipelagic zone?

How does vertical migration help

some epipelagic organisms?
In the microbial loop, _______ use
________ as a food source and
then become prey themselves for
protozoans.
What influences primary
production in epipelagic waters?
Why are epipelagic waters usually
nutrient poor?
Why is upwelling important?

Ch. 16 The Ocean Depths

Describe the deep sea?
Describe the food & light
availability in the deep ocean.
The layer in the ocean in which
temperature changes rapidly with
depth is called the:
Large mouths, extendible jaws, and
needle-like teeth help mid-water
fishes:
What are some adaptations
possessed by mid-water animals
for low-light conditions?
How are countershading, reduction
of silhouettes, and transparency are
all adaptations of mid-water
animals helpful?
What adaptations are used to lure
prey, escape from predators, and to
attract mates in deep water?
How do water animals deal with
depleted oxygen levels?
Compared mesopelagic animals &
deep-sea animals.
What are chemosynthetic
prokaryotes and why are they
important?

Study Tips
You may use a half sheet of paper,
front and back, with notes of your
choosing at the final exam. You
must handwrite it.
Review all the tests from first
semester.
Review your lecture notes.
Study with a partner or in a group.
Have family members quiz you
Sleep well the night before and
have a good breakfast
Relax; just tell me what you know.