Subatomic

Par-cles, The Periodic

Table and Isotopes
Dene an isotope and explain the
role of atomic number in
determining the iden-ty of an atom

Atomic Theory
Atomic Structure
Atom is composed of subatomic par-cles:
Neutron
Proton
Electron

(neutral)
(posi-ve)
(nega-ve)

Atomic number = # protons = # electrons

Atomic number (Z) the number of protons is a nucleus

The number of electrons (in a neutral form, no charge)

Isotopes atoms of a single element (same atomic number) that dier
in the number of neutrons in their nuclei (dierent masses)


Isotopes atoms of a single element (same atomic number) that dier
in the number of neutrons in their nuclei (dierent masses)

-
+
Pro$um

-
+

deuterium

tri$um

-
+

deuterium

tri$um

+
Pro$um

A1
Z 1

?
?

Mass number (A) the combined number of protons and neutrons

A = Z+N
Atomic mass= neutrons +protons

12
6

Protons?
Electrons?
Neutron?
A = Z+N

12
6

Protons? 6p+ A=Z+N

Electrons? 6e- 12 = 6+N
Neutron? 6n N=6
A = Z+N

Carbon-12 (Hyphen nota-on)

13
6

Protons?
Electrons?
Neutron?
A = Z+N

13
6

Protons? 6p+ A=Z+N

Electrons? 6e- 13 = 6+N
Neutron? 7n N=7
A = Z+N

Carbon-13 (Hyphen nota-on)

235
92

Protons?
Electrons?
Neutron?
A = Z+N

235
92

Protons? 92p+ A=Z+N

Electrons? 92e- N=235-92
Neutron? 143n N=143
A = Z+N

Rela-ve Atomic Mass

Chlorine exists as two isotopes: chlorine-35 and chlorine-37.
When we calculate the rela-ve atomic mass of an element we
have to take into account the propor-ons of each isotopes
present.
In a naturally occuring sample of chlorine, we nd that 75% is
chlorine-35 atoms and the other 25% is chlorine-37 atoms. What
is the rela-ve atomic mass?

 What is the rela-ve atomic mass of thallium

which is made up from 30% thatllium-203 and
70% thallium-205?