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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this lab was to examine different metals and their voltage capacities and
efficiency in a battery. The goal was to see which two metals produced both the highest and
most consistent voltage to determine which would be optimal to use in an actual battery. To
explore this, we tested different combinations of metals by placing a piece of cardboard soaked
in vinegar (an electrolyte) between the metals we were testing and measured the resulting
voltage using a multimeter. Our results indicated that nickel and tins percent recoveries
(adherence to the theoretical results) were highest, and that when tested together they also
yielded the highest voltage. On a larger scale, finding out the reactivity between two metals and
the possibility of reversing the reaction can help us improve current non-rechargeable batteries.
By finding the two most reactive metals in our experiment, we could potentially optimize the
batteries in place and predict the future materials surrounding advancements in battery
technology. Additionally, we can corroborate our results with the metals found to be most
effective in current rechargeable batteries.
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INTRODUCTION
Diagram 1: Standard Voltaic Cell
RESULTS
Table 1: Experimental Cell Potentials of Various Metal Combinations
Experimental
Cu
Fe
Ni
Al
Sn
BR
Zn
Copper (Cu)
Iron (Fe)
0.45 +
Nickel (Ni)
0.16 -
0.32 +
Aluminum (Al)
0.53 -
0.09 -
0.53 -
Tin (Sn)
0.45 -
0.03 +
0.34 -
0.05 +
Brass (BR)
0.01 +
0.46 +
0.22 +
0.50 +
0.39 +
Zinc (Zn)
0.50 -
0.05 -
0.35 -
0.07 -
0.12 -
0.40 -
Cu
Fe
Ni
Al
Sn
BR
Zn
Copper (Cu)
Iron (Fe)
0.37
Nickel (Ni)
0.59
0.21
Aluminum (Al)
2.00
1.22
1.41
Tin (Sn)
0.48
0.10
0.11
1.52
Brass (BR)
0.73
1.11
1.32
2.73
1.21
Zinc (Zn)
1.10
0.72
0.51
0.90
0.62
1.83
Cu
Fe
Ni
Copper (Cu)
Iron (Fe)
122%
Nickel (Ni)
27%
152%
Aluminum (Al)
27%
7%
38%
Al
Sn
BR
Zn
Tin (Sn)
94%
30%
309%
3%
Brass (BR)
46%
41%
17%
18%
32%
Zinc (Zn)
46%
7%
69%
8%
19%
22%
0.60
Iron
0.60
Nickel
1.02
Aluminum
0.17
Tin
0.81
Brass
0.29
Zinc
0.29