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Emily Hart
Kailash Raman
Analise Nicholson
Mr. Lannen
February 27, 2015
Abstract:
The main goal of this lab was to find out the exact mass of sodium acetate that was
needed in order to prepare two buffers as well as to test those buffers of their exact capacities.
Some key results found from the experiment were that not all buffers affect a system in the same
ways as others might, which is also one of the major points in the discussion. Last but not least it
was shown that the hypothesis was accepted.
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the exact materials needed to prepare
two buffer solutions then to test their buffer capacities by adding NaOH and HCl. It was assumed
that using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation the amount of acetic acid and sodium acetate
would be needed to prepare the buffers and then if the right amounts were found then the buffers
would be able to be used properly and tested. In this experiment the experimenter must be
careful to use Sodium Hydroxide with extreme care as it is caustic, as well as to dispose of the
solutions properly and to wear goggles at all times.
Materials:
LabQuest
LabQuest App
Vernier pH Sensor
Three 250 mL beakers
100 mL graduated cylinder
25 mL graduated cylinder
Two 50 mL burets and one buret clamp
Balance
0.5 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution
0.5 M hydrochloric acid, HCl, solution
0.1 M acetic acid, HC2H3O2, solution
1.0 M acetic acid, HC2H3O2, solution
Solid sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2
Ring stand
Utility clamp
Distilled water
Procedure:
Part I prepare and Test Buffer Solution A:
1. Put on goggles.
2. Using the calculations from the pre-lab to prepare Buffer A. Weigh out precise the mass
of sodium acetate to dissolve into a 100.0 mL of 0.1 M acetic acid solution.
3. Set up two burets using a buret clamp and a ring stand. Rinse and fill one with 0.5 M
NaOH solution, with the other do the same with 0.5 M HCl solution.
4. Use a graduated cylinder to measure 10.0 mL of the Buffer A solution into a beaker and
add 15 mL of water. Place the beaker underneath the buret of NaOH, stir manually
throughout the testing.
5. Connect the pH Sensor to LabQuest and create a new file. Put the Sensor in the pH 4
buffer solution. Make sure not to strike the Sensor.
6. Change the data-collection mode to Events with Entry, enter the volume for Name and
mL for Units.
7. Start collecting data. Slowly add the NaOH solution into the Buffer A.
a. Start the data collection.
b. Take an initial pH reading. Allow the pH to stabilize then press keep, the volume
for the buret is 0 mL. Save this first data pair. Make sure to record the initial pH in
your data table.
c. Add a small amount of NaOH, only go up to 0.50 mL. Wait until the pH
stabilizes, then press keep. Enter the current buret reading then save as the second
data pair.
d. Continue adding the NaOH in small increments so the pH slowly rises and enter
the buret reading after each addition. The goal is to raise the pH by precisely 2
units.
e. When the pH is 2 units higher than the initial, sonitinue to add NaOH and until
equivalence is reached then add more to pass.
f. View graph once done.
Buffer A
Buffer B
.149
1.5
100.0
100.0
(mL)
Molar concentration of
0.1
1.0
3.60
4.7
3.8
19.0
3.5
12.6
5.7
22.5
2.5 mmol
0
20 mmol
17.5 mmol
3.6 mmol
6.1 mmol
Buffer C:
Initial mmol of C2H3O2- is 20 mmol
Initial pH (4.74)
Final pH (4.79)
Discussion:
Throughout the experiment there were some minor mistakes that were made, such as
accidentally adding too much of the NaOH when first testing Buffer A, and then reading the
buret wrong when collecting the data for the graph. But even though these errors were made the
experiment could be carried out successfully. Since the experiment is considered successful then
the purpose was fulfilled. The buffer capacity could be found because the buffers were prepared
correctly and then tested right.
Because of this the calculations were able to show that different buffers are able to yield
different results. This is due to the different molarities along with how the added solutions affect
the entire solution. As well as that they show that buffers are able to have a moment where they
stop doing what they are meant for, to keep the systems pH from changing drastically.
The main theory behind this lab was that buffers function is to help the system by
absorbing the acids or bases so that the pH changes only very slightly. Along with the
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which helps the experimenter choose which buffer, is the best
for the desired pH. These theories are proven to be extremely important and relevant in the real
world. Especially in the very human body, the pH of a persons blood must be kept as such a
precise area in order to keep the person alive, without this theory no one would be able to
monitor and keep these balances in check. Also pH is an important part of many things along
with blood but also, water and food.
Conclusion:
The hypothesis was accepted which means that the buffers that were prepared were
prepared correctly and they were tested correctly as well. This is shown in the calculations which
were made after the experiment.
Questions:
1. Write reaction equations to explain how your acetic acid-acetate buffer reacts with
an acid and reacts with a base.
Base: HC2H3O2 + NaOH NaC2H3O2 + H2O
Acid: C2H3O2 + HCl HC2H3O2 + Cl-