Foundations of Group

Behavior

Chapter 8 1
 Defining and
Classifying Groups
Command Groups
Formal
Task Groups

Interest Groups
Informal
Friendship Groups
Chapter 8 2
Stages of Group Development
Prestage I Stage I Stage II
Forming Storming

Stage III Stage IV Stage V

Norming Performing Adjourning

Chapter 8 3
 Group Behavior Model
Group
Group
Member
Task
Resources

External Performance
Group
Conditions and
Processes
Satisfaction

Group
Structure

Chapter 8 4
 Punctuated-Equilibrium
High
Model
Performance

Phase II
completion

Transition

Phase I

Low
A Time (A+B/2) B 5
 External Conditions
Imposed on the Group
• Overall • Employee
strategy selection
• Authority • Evaluation -
structures rewards
• Formal • Culture
regulations • Work setting
Chapter 8 6

• Resources
 The Resources
of Group Members

Knowledge,
Personality
Skills, and
Characteristics
Abilities

Chapter 8 7
 Expectati
Identity
ons

Group
Roles
Perceptio
Conflict
n

Chapter 8 8
Performa Appearan
nce ce

Group
Norms
Resource Arrangem
s ent

Chapter 8 9
 Conformity to Group Norms

❖❖❖ Studies by Solomon Asch ❖❖❖

X A B C

Chapter 8 10
Status in the Group

N or m Eq uit
s y
Cult ur
e

Chapter 8 11
 Size of the Group
•Small groups

•Large groups

•Social loafing

•Individual effort

Chapter 8 12
The
Th e Com p osit ion
h e Gr ou p
of t he

Divers Demogr Cohort

ity aphy s

Chapter 8 13
 Cohesiveness-Productivity Relationship
Cohesiveness
High Low
Performance Norms

High Moderate
High
Productivity Productivity

Low Moderate to Low

Low
Productivity Productivity

Chapter 8 14
Effects of Group Processes
Process
ProcessGains
Gains

Synergy
Synergy

Potential
Potential Potential
Potential
Group
Group Group
Group
Effectiveness
Effectiveness Effectiveness
Effectiveness

Process
ProcessLosses
Losses

Social
SocialLoafing
Loafing

Chapter 8 15
 Group Decision Making

Advantages Disadvantages
vMore Diversity of Views vDominant Individuals
vIncreased information vUnclear Responsibility
vHigher-quality decisions vTime and money costs
vImproved Commitment vConformity pressures

Chapter 8 16
Accuracy Creativity

Group
Effectiveness
and Efficiency

Speed Acceptance

Chapter 8 17
 Group Decision
Making

Gr oup t h in Gr oup sh if t
k

Chapter 8 18
 Br a in st or m in
Int e r a ct in g
g

Te ch n iq u e s f or Gr ou p
D e cision M a k in g

N om ina l Ele ct r onic

Chapter 8 19