Chapter 24 Substance Abuse

OVERVIEW

CHAPTER 24
Substance Abuse

Athletes at all levels are susceptible to pressure which may cause them to turn
to drug and alcohol abuse. These substances may be taken to either increase their
performance abilities or to relieve some of the stress in their lives. Individuals
involved with athletes should be aware of the signs and symptoms associated with
the use and abuse of drugs as well as interventions that can be taken to help with
those problems.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After studying Chapter 24, the student will be able to:

Identify the signs of drug abuse.
Identify those drugs known as stimulants, and describe their affect on athletic
performance.
Identify the narcotic analgesic drugs.
Explain the effects that beta blockers and diuretics have on the body.
Describe the deleterious effects of anabolic steroids on teens, men, and women.
Explain the risks associated with blood re-injections.
Explain the negative effects of alcohol and tobacco on an athletes health and
performance.
Identify the primary recreational drugs and their effects.
Describe the drug testing programs present at the various levels of athletic
competition.

KEY TERMINOLOGY
Beta Blockers - Therapeutically used for treating hypertension and a variety of
cardiac diseases.
Diuretics Therapeutically used for a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory
conditions in which elimination of fluids from tissues is necessary (hypertension)
Doping- The administration of a drug that is designed to improve the competitors
performance.
Gynecomastia Swelling of the breasts in males due to ingestion of anabolic
steroids.
Hirsutism Excessive hair growth and/or the presence of hair in unusual places.
Narcotic analgesic drugs Used in the management of moderate to severe pain.
Physical Dependence- The state of drug adaptation that manifests itself as the
development of tolerance and, when the drug is removed, causes a withdrawal
syndrome.
Psychological Dependence The drive to repeat the ingestion of a drug to produce
pleasure or to avoid discomfort.
Tolerance The need to increase the dosage to create the effect that was obtained
previously by smaller amounts.
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Chapter 24 Substance Abuse

Withdrawal Syndrome Unpleasant physiological reactions that occur when a drug

is abruptly stopped.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

How can the ingestion of stimulants affect an athletes performance?

What effects do anabolic steroids have on growing teens, men, and women?
What behaviors would help to identify a substance abuser?
How does cigarette smoking decrease athletic performance?
What health risks are associated with the use of smokeless tobacco?
Why is blood doping used in sports? What are the dangers?
What side effects are associated with the use of recreational drugs (cocaine,
crack, and marijuana)?
8. What is the goal of drug testing? Is drug testing prevalent on every level of
competition? If not should it be instituted?

CLASS ACTIVITES
1. Invite a local pharmacist to discuss the effects of various drugs used as doping
agents by athletes.
2. Have students choose a recreational drug to research. Present your findings to
the class on physiological responses, and the dangers it presents to athletes.
3. Invite a baseball athletic trainer to speak to the class about the dangers of
smokeless tobacco use and what the NCAA and other governing bodies are doing
to educate athletes about its effects.
4. Have students research athletes that have tested positive for a banned
substance and give a short report on the outcome.
5. Have students look up the NCAA and USOC banned substance lists.

WORKSHEET ANSWERS
Matching
1.
2.
3.
4.

d
a
e
g

5. f
6. c
7. b

Short Answer
8. Amphetamines are commonly found in cold remedies, nasal and ophthalmic
decongestants and most asthma preparations.
9. Headache, drowsiness, lethargy, rhinorrhea, irritability, nervousness, depression,
and loss of interest in work.
10. For moderate to severe pain control
11. Addictive chemical in tobacco is nicotine and in smokeless tobacco it is NNitrosonornicotine.
12. Bad breath, stained teeth, tooth sensitivity to heat and cold, cavities, gum
recession, tooth bone loss, leukoplakia, aggressive oral and throat cancer and
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Chapter 24 Substance Abuse

periodontal destruction (with tooth loss)

Listing
13-22. Any of the signs listed in the Focus Box 24-1 on Page 387
23. Premature closure of long bones, acne, hirsutism, voice deepening, enlarged
mammary glands (gynecomastia) of the male
24. Male pattern baldness, acne, voice deepening, mood swings, aggressive
behavior, decreased high-density lipoprotein, increased cholesterol, reduction in the
size of testicle, reduced testosterone production, changes in libido
25. Female pattern baldness, acne voice deepening (irreversible), increased facial
hair, enlarged clitoris (irreversible), increased libido, menstrual irregularities,
increased aggression, decreased body fat, increased appetite and decreased breast
size
Essay
26-30. Smoking reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, smoking
aggravates and accelerates the heart muscle cells through overstimulation of the
sympathetic nervous system; total lung capacity and maximum breathing capacity
are significantly decreased; smoking decreases pulmonary diffusing capacity, and
there is an accelerated thrombolic tendency after smoking.

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manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 24 Substance Abuse

NAME _______________________
SECTION ______________

CHAPTER 24 WORKSHEET
Substance Abuse
MATCHING: Match the terms with the correct response.
_______ 1. Doping
a. Excessive hair growth in unusual places
_______ 2. Hirsutism
b. Unpleasant reactions from abruptly
stopping a drug
_______ 3. Gynecomastia
c. Ingestion of drugs to produce pleasure or avoid
discomfort
_______ 4. Narcotic Analgesic Drugs
d. Giving an athlete a drug to enhance
his/her performance
_______ 5. Physical Dependence e. Swelling of the breasts due to anabolic steroids
_______ 6. Psychological Dependence f. State of drug adaptation
_______ 7. Withdrawal Syndrome g. Morphine and Codeine
SHORT ANSWER: Answer the following questions with a brief response.
8. Why do amphetamines present a difficult problem in sports?
9. What withdrawal symptoms may be present when a habitual user of caffeine
suddenly stops ingesting the product daily?
10. Why would an individual be given a Narcotic analgesic drug?
11. What is the addictive chemical found in tobacco and in smokeless tobacco?
12. What health risks are associated with use of smokeless tobacco?
LISTING: List ten signs of drug abuse.
13.

18.

14.

19.

15.

20.

16.

21.

17.

22.

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manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 24 Substance Abuse

List the deleterious Effects of Anabolic Steroids on the following individuals:

23. Teens:
24. Men:
25. Women:
ESSAY:
26-30.What is the relationship between smoking and performance?

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2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.