Diamond

pyramid

Knoop
microhardness

Rockwell and
superficial
Rockwell

d1

d1

HK  14.2P l 2

15 kg
30 kg Superficial Rockwell
45 kg

60 kg
100 kg Rockwell
150 kg

HV  1.854P d 21

Formula for
Hardness Number a
2P
HB 
pD 3 D  2D2  d 2 4

Load
P

For the hardness formulas given, P (the applied load) is in kg, whereas D, d, d1, and l are all in mm.
Source: Adapted from H. W. Hayden, W. G. Moffatt, and J. Wulff, The Structure and Properties of Materials, Vol. III, Mechanical Behavior. Copyright
1965 by John Wiley & Sons, New York. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

120

l/b = 7.11
b/t = 4.00

136

Top View

9:36 AM

Diamond
pyramid

Vickers
microhardness

Side View

Shape of Indentation

11/5/09

Diamond
cone;
1
1 1 1
16 - ,8 - ,4 - ,2 - in.diameter
steel spheres

Indenter
10-mm sphere
of steel or
tungsten carbide

Test
Brinell

Table 6.5 Hardness-Testing Techniques

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