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Neymimasis artikelis
Indefinite article
a(an) - kils is odio one reikia - bet koks, kakoks, bet kuris.
Naudojamas:
1) tik su skaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais.
a table(one), a boy(one), a cat(one).
2) tik vienaskaitoje.
Nenaudojamas:
1) su abstrakiais, su mediaginiais
love, water
2) su daugiskaita
We are students
Rayba:
a - prie priebalses
( a cat, a nice cat, a very nice cat).
Iimtis: kai artikelis an naudojamas prie priebals h arba artikelis a naudojamas prie bals u!
(pvz: a unit [ju:nit]
a university [ju:niversity], dl to, kad pradedame tarti priebalse
an hour [aue]
an honest man [onest], nes pradedame tarti balse).
6.Su priedliu:
(Justas, a boy in our class, is the most handsome boy.
Laura, a pupil from 7b, is the most clever girl.)
7.aukiamuosiuose sakiniuose (su skaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais):
(What a nice dress!
Such an easy task!)
8.Su kiekybiniais odeliais:
(a kilo, alittle water (truputi), a few friends (keletas), a couple of friends (pora
keletas), two weeks a month, three days a week, a number of).
9.Kai kuriuose pastoviuose posakiuose:
(to have a shower, to have a rest, to have a smoke, to have a party, to have a good
time, to have a headache/footmache, to have a walk, to go for a walk, to give a
hand (pagelbti), it is a pity (gaila), in a hurry (skubti), to be at a loss ( bti
pasimetusiam), its a shame (gda), as a rule (kaip taisykl)).
ymimasis thedefinite
Turimas galvoje konkretus asmuo, daiktas, reikinys.
Kils i parodomj vardi
this-these, that-those (veriame itas, itie, anas, anie).
Naudojamas:
1)Prie kelintin skaitvard
the first, the third, the twenty-sixth.
2)Prie aukiausiojo laipsnio bdvard
the best, the most interesting.
3)Po vardi
all (visi), both (abu).
pvz: All the puils are present today.
Both the brothers are good pupils.
4)Su daiktavardiais, reikianius daiktus, kurie yra vieninteliai:
(the King, the Queen, the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the ground, the universe,
the world, the capital, the centre, the weather, the country, the surburbs).
5)Kada sakinys yra konkretus ir visi inome apie kok daikt(viet) mes nekame.
Daniausiai vartojame su konkreia vieta -viskas, kas priklauso tai vietai, kurioje esi.
pvz: Open the door, please. The floor, the ceiling, the light, the carpet, the window
Arba (pvz: go to the blackboard, please (visi inome prie kurios lentos. Ta, kuri yra
klasje).
6) Visa tauta + daiktavardi:
(the English language, the Roman Gods, The Lithuanian History).
Bet, jeigu yra
tauta + mogus - naudojame artikel a(an)
(pvz: an English policeman, a Lithuanian writer, a Brazilian footbaler).
bet, jeigu naudoji tik tautyb, artikelio nereikia:
(pvz: I study English, He is American)
taiau, jeigu turi galvoje vis taut, dedame artikel the
(pvz: Anglai (visa tauta) The English are very lazy).
7)alutiniame payminio sakinyje: tas mogus
(pvz: The man who is sitting on the bench is English. - kuris?
This is the doll, Ann bought yesterday. - kuris?
That is the scholl I studied in. - kurioje?).
2
The theatre
The dentist
I often go to the cinema/the theatre.
Space / the space
Space be artikelio
The doctor
kosmosas
Lankytojams
-
the school
the university
the hospital
the prison
3
(tikintiemsiams) church
the church
Breakfast is ready.
What shall we have for supper?
Taiau konkreioje situacijoje bdv + dinner, supper, lunch, breakfast:
It was a very good dinner.
Bet jeigu situacija konkreti:
Did you like the dinner? I cooked it myself. daiktavardiai vartojami su ymimuoju
artikeliu.
Bed
Work
be artikelio:
Home
to go to bed
to stay in bed
bet kada kalbame apie lov, kaip apie bald, naudojame the.
I sat on the bed (ant baldo).
(to go to work, start work, finish work, go home, come home, be at home)
Artikeli vartojimas su
neskaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais
1) Neskaiiuotiniai daiktavardiai (abstraktieji ir mediaginiai) paprastai naudojami be
artikeli.
I like water.
Give me a glass of water, please.
2) Jei abstraktieji ir mediaginiai daiktavardiai turi apibriamj paymini arba juos
patikslina situacija, jie vartojami su artikeliu the-.
Pass me the sugar, please.
The Lithuania is ready to defend the freedom of their country.
3) Neymimasis artikelis -an, -a su neskaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais nevartojami.
Tikriniai daiktavardiai su artikeliu -the1) Jr, vandenyn, upi, kanal, eeryn pavadinimai: the Atlantic Ocean, the Nile, the Suez
Canal, the Great lakes.
Bet: _ Lake Constance
They live near the lake.
2) Salynai(archipelagos): the Canary Islands, the Bahams, the Canaries.
Kalnynai(cordilleras): the Rocky Mountains/ the Rokies, the Andes, the Alps.
3) Dykumos(deserts): the Sahara.
4) Kai kuri ali pavadinimai: (daniausiai su odeliais: Respublic, Kingdom, States,
Union) the Netherlands, the Philipines, the United States, the West Indies, the United
Kingdom, the Dominican Respublic, the Soviet Union, the Ukraine, the Caucasus.
5) Pasaulio ali pavadinimai: the North, the South-East, the West, the East, the Middle East,
the Far East.
Bet: _Nothern France, _South-Eastern Spain, _North America, _West Africa.
6) Kada kalbi apie vis eim: the Taylors = the Taylor family, the Dauglas.
7) Kada kalbi apie tautyb, bet turi galvoje vis grup tos tautos moni: the English, the
Spanish, the Swiss, (the) Italians, (the) Scots, (the) Lithuanians, (the) Turks.
Bet: jei turi galvoje vien tos tautos atstov, naudoji -a- : an English writer, a Swiss
policeman, a Turk soldier vienas asmuo.
6
Laisvalaikio praleidimas
1) Muziejai The British Museum
Teatrai The Musician Theatre
Kinoteatrai The Empire Cinema
Bibliotekos The Congress Library
Galerijos The Gallery
2) Viebuiai The Station Hotel
Restoranai The Bombay Restaurant
Pabai (smukls) The Red Lion Pub
3) Laikraiai The Times, The Kauno diena, The Wasington Post
4) Valstybins institucijos The European Union
Partijos The BBC
Organizacijos The Labour Party, The Conservetive Party.
Artikeliai su asmenvardiais
Be artikelio:
1) Artikeliai nevartojami, kai prie pavard eina titulas!
_professor Brown, _doctor Smith, _academician Brown, _Mr/Mrs Johnson, _Captain Johnson,
_President Kennedy, _Uncle Robert, _Aunt Cherine, _Princess Diana.
2) Daugelis parduotuvi, restoran, viebui, bank, stoi ir t.tpavadinimai, kurie
prasideda asmenvardiais, raomi be artikelio:
_Vilnius Bank, McDonalds, Jacks Guest House, Harrods, St.Johns Church, St.Pauls Cathetdral.
3) Bendrai prie vardus ir pavardes artikelio neraome:
_Jack Smith, Justas Daugla.
Su artikeliu -the1) Kada kalbame apie vis eim: