FMTREVISIONPTS

Pointstoremember
1.Pinpointpupils=Opium
2.Dilatationofpupils=Dhatura,Cyanide
3.Constrictionofpupils=Opium,phenol,organophosphorus,physostigmine,
chloralhydrate.
4.Cumulativepoisonsare:Barbiturates,andmethylalcohol
5.Habitformingpoisonsare:CaffeineandNicotine.
6.Addictiondrugsare:Alcohol,Barbiturates,Coccaine,Cannabis,Chloralhydrate,Opium,Pethidine.
7.Hemodialysisisgoodvaluein:Salicylate,methanol,barbiturate,andaspirin
(exceptkeroseneoilanddiazephem)
8.1stsignofintrauterinedeath:Gasshadowinaortarobertsign(asearlyas12hours).
9.IncreasedaniongapisseeninSalicylatepoisoning,lacticacidosis,starvation.
10.Idealsuicidepoison=Cyanide
11.Idealhomicidepoison=Thallium,fluoridecompounds.
12.Commonlyusedhomicidalpoisons:Arsenic,aconite
13.Commonlyusedsuicidalpoisons:Endrine,Opium,Barbiturates,Organophosphoruscompounds.
14.Poisonresemblingcholera=Arsenic
15.Poisonresemblingtetanus=Strychnine
16.Poisonresemblingnaturaldeath=Thallium
17.Poisonresemblingfadingmeasles=Arsenic
18.Poisonresemblingthyrotoxicosis=Binitrocompounds.
Testsfordetectingpoisons:

Arsenic=Marshstest,Reinschstest
Opium=Marquistest
Alcohol=Mcevanstest
Datura=Mydriatictest
Phenol=Greenurine.

IMPORTANTPOINTSTOREMEMBER
1.ThePercentageofbloodalcoholinthestageof"deaddrunk"is0.5%.v
2.Pisiformgetsossifiedby12yrsofage.v
3.By14yrs.patellagetsossified.v
4.Anteriorfontanelleclosesby18monthsofage.v
5.Theheightofachildisdoubleofbirthheightby4yearsofage,v
6.UnderIPC,apersonbelow7yearsisnotcriminallyresponsible.v

7.FatalperiodofDaturapoisoningis24hours.v
8.InIndia,rigormortissetswithin12hours.v
9.Whiledispatchingbloodandurineforchemicalanalysis,sodiumfluoridevisadded
aspreservativeinconcentrationof50mg/10ml.
10.Criticallevelofalcoholinbloodis0.15%.v
11.Theminimumageforgivingconsentforsurgeryis18years.v
12.Infracturedendsofbone,softprovisionalcallusisformedby15vhours.
13.Theminimumtimerequiredforadipocereformationinadeadbodyis21vdays.
14.IndianMedicalCouncilActwasenactedin1956.v
15.MentalretardationisI.Q.Below70.v
16.Ratiobetweenethylalcoholinbloodtourineis1:1.33v
17.Gasrigidityappearsafter72hours.v
18.Marblingisnoticedby36hours.v
19.Fulldevelopmentofrigormortistakesabout12hours.v
20.Inexhumation,67samplesofeartharecollected.v
21.Intercoursewithwifebelow15yearsofageisconsiderablerape.v
22.Fatalperiodofaconiteisusually15hours.v
23.Coolingofbodyisgradualupto13hours.v
24.Hypostasisismottledwithinfirst3hoursofdeath.v
25.Killingrangeofamilitryrifleis3000yards.v
26.Juvenileoffenderisapersonunder16yearsv
27.Thedispersionofpelletsisseenusuallyatdistancebeyond10feet.v
28.Inagunshotwound,thepresenceofsingeingofhairorcharringofskinvdenotesafire
upto18inches.
29.Dispersionofpelletsinshotguninjuryiscalculatedasdispersioninvinches=1.5
timesthedispersioninyards.
30.Aninfantbornbefore210daysisnotlegallyconsideredcapableofvmaintaininga
separateexistence.

32.Theupperlimitofsafetyforcarbonmonoxideinairis0.01%.v
33.RhpositivityinIndiais93%.v
34.Inanabrasion,thescabusuallydriesandfallsbetween46days.v
35.Fataldoseofopiumis2gm.v
36.Therangeofanairrifleisabout90yards.v
37.Mixeddentitionisseeninchildrenbetween612yearsofage.v
38.Basisphenoidunitesthebasiocciputattheageto22years.v
39.Firstpermanentmolarappearsatageof67years.v
40.JudicialfirstclassMagistratecanpassasentenceofimprisonmentupto3vyears.
41.Ageofmaturvityforthoseundercourtofwardsis21years.InIndia,sexualmaturityis
gainedat14yearsofage.
42.Thedegreeofaccuracyindeterminingsexfromlongbonesis80%.v
43.Fatalperiodofsulphuricacidpoisoningis1824hours.v
44.Multiplyingfactorsforestimatingstaturefromhumerusandfemurinmalesvare55.3
and3.63.8respectively.
45.Colliquativeliquefactionisseenwithin1weekafterdeath.v
46.Acontusionassumesgreencolourby6days.v
47.Marriageageforboysandgirlsare21yearsand18yearsvrespectively.
48.Internalorganstake24hourstocool.Apersonbecomesmajorattheagevof18
years.Eruptionoftemporaryteethiscompletedby2to2.5years.
49.FoetalpartscanbedetectedonplainXrayusuallyby16weeks.v
50.Childbelow12yearsisnotrequiredtotakeanoath.v
51.Xiphoidprocessuniteswithsternumatageof40years.v
52.Cranialcapacityis10%lessinfemales.v
53.Nuclearfeaturespersistindecompositionforaperiodof23years.v
54.Precipitintestispositivetobeopiumindeadbodyupto10years.v
55.Afterdeath,benzidinetestispositiveupto150years.Bonesbegintovdecompose
afterdeathin310years.

56.Lessthan7aminoacidsinbonesuggestageofboneafterdeathasmorevthan100
years.Therateofcoolingofbodyinfirst6hoursis2.5Fandinnext6hoursas1.5"2.0cF.Victimofdrowningina
stateofsuspendedanimationcanberevivedaslongas1020minutes.
57.Centreofossificationforpisiformboneappearsatanageof1012vyears.
58.Thefloatationtimeinsummerforadeadbodyafterdrowningisonevday.
59.Theageof15yearsoldfemaleisbestdeterminedbytheradiographyofvupperendof
radiusandulna.
60.Maggotsinadeadbodydonotappearbefore48hours.v
61.Hairsbecomelooseafter72hoursofdeath.v
62.Epiphysealunionofsternalendofclavicleoccursatageof22vyears.
63.Washerwoman'shandsandfeetusuallyoccurwithin1218hours.v
64.Saponificationindrowningoccursinabout5weeks.v
65.Deathensuesinabout5mts.ofcompletesubmersion.v
66.ByABO.RH,MNsystemstheexclusionofPaternityisabout50%.v
67.EstimationofAgefromeruptionofteethispossibleupto17to21yearsvofage.
Gustafson'smethodforestimationageofadultover21years.
68.Inpoisoningbysalicylates,theGastriclavageisusefulupto24vhours.
69.Theageofconsentformedicalexaminationincasesofrapeisminimum12vyears.
70.Ifapersonisabsentfromhisusualhaunts,andhasnotbeenheardfor7vhears,heis
presumedtobedead.
71.Infanticidemeansunlawfuldestructionofchildbelow1yearofage.v
72.ByABO,Rh,MNsystemstheexclusionofPaternityisabout50%v
73.EstimationofAgefromeruptionofteethispossibleupto17to21yearsvofage
74.Inpoisoningbysalicylates,theGastriclavageisusefulupto24vhours
75.Theageofconsentformedicalexaminationincasesofrapeisminimum12vyears
76.InsinofGomorrah,buccalswabsareusefulupto9hours
77.Inmostcountries,breathalcoholconcentration35mg/100mlisconsideredvan
offenceAfterabsorption,theratioofalcoholinbloodandurineisconstantandis1:1.31Histologically,reticulumfibres
inanabrasionareseenon8days
78.Widmark'sformulaforurineanalysisofalcoholis3/4prqv

79.Pancreasconstitute0.1%ofbodyweightv
80.Punishmentforfalseevidenceisgivenundersection193ofIPCv
81.Lengthofafemalelarynxisabout3.8cmv
82.vCalcificationofthirdmolarbeginsat810years.
83.Lipprintsoncheiloscopyaredividedinto8patternsv
84.?gmtabletofaluminiumphosphideisabletoliberate1.0gmv
85.Thediameterof"humanhairat15yearsofageis0.053ram*v
86.Alcoholgazenystagmusisproducedatanaveragebloodlevelsof80vmg%
87.Theresidualalcoholinmouthtakesabout20mintodisappearandwithinvthisperiod
breathanalysertestmaybefalsepositive
88.Skeletalmusclesconstituteabout29%ofbodyweightv
89.Term'undertheinfluence'ofalcoholisusedwhenbloodconcentrationisv80100mg%
90.Statutoryrapeisrapeunder15yearsofagev
91.Weightforoccludinginternaljugularveinhangingis2kgv
92.MajorityofdeathsduetoAluminiumphosphideoccursinwithin24vhours
93.Duringsleep,rectaltemperatureis0.51.0Clowerv
94.Drownedbodyfloatsinabout1218hoursinsummerSv
95.Bonesconstituteabout12%ofbodyweightv
96.AbsenceofIIImolartoothindicatesthatthepersonisdefinitelyundervtheageof17
years
97.Inadeadbody,maggotsinrainydayareseenin6hours.v
98.Arsenic,AconiteandDhaturaaregenerallyusedashomicidalpoisons.v
99.Ricinistheactiveprincipleofcrotonoilseed.v
100.Abrinistheactiveprincipleofabrusprecatorius.v
101.Sonerylisacolouredbabriturate.v
102.BreathalcoholcanbemeasuredbyAlcometerorDrunkometer.v
103.ThefataldoseofDhaturaisaboutonegrain.v

105.Amygdalineistheglucosidesofvegetableoriginfoundincyanides.v
106.Theprocessofputrefactioncanberetardedbycarbonmonoxidegas.v
107.Euthanasiameans"Mercykilling".v
108.Jouleburnisseeninelectrocution.v
109.Amylnitrateisanantidoteforpoisoningduetohydrocyanicacid.v
110.Olivegreendiscolorationofurineonexposuretoairisseeninpoisoningvduetocarbolic
acid.
111.Overlyingisatypeofsmothering.v
112.Opticatrophyisthecharacteristicfeatureofpoisoningbymethylvalcohol.
113.Drynessofmouth,dilatedpupilsanddeliriumaresymptomsofDhaturavpoisoning.(All
'D's)
114.Thefirstpermanenttoothtoeruptisfirstmolar.v
115.Dyingdeclarationcanberecordedbyamedicalofficer.v
116.Presenceoffinewhiteleatheryfrothinmouthandnostrilsisseeninvdrowning.
117.Privationofanymemberofjointisagrievoushurt.v
118.Pugilisticattitudeisseeninburndeathduetocoagulationofvproteins.
119.DyingdeclarationshouldberecordedbyMagistrate.v
120.Nalorphineisanantidoteformorphine.v
121.Locard'sprinciplestatesthateverycontactleavesatrace.v
122.Thestrongestcorrosivepoisonissulphuricacid.v
123.Arborescentmarkingsareseeninlightening.v
124.BeforeperformingPostmortemexamination,bodyshouldbeidentifiedbyvPolicemen.
125.Warrantcasemeansacaserelatingtoanoffencepunishbalewithdeath,vimprisonment
forlifeorforatermexceedingtwoyears.
126.Incivilcases,areasonablesumfortravellingexpensesisgenerallyvtenderedwhenthe
summonsisserved.Thisisknownasconductmoney.Itispaidbythepartythathascalledhisasawitness.
127.HaircellsareofspecialinterestincellsexingsincebothBarrbodyandvYchromosome
canbedemonstrated.

129.Postmortemfibrinousclotsinheartareknownas"Cardiacpolyp".v
130.Thesurestsignofdeathisputrefaction.v
131.Therigormortisstartfirstatuppereyelids.v
132.Dribblingofsalivafromtheangleofthemouthisgenerallyconsideredasvthesurestsign
ofhanging.
133.Presenceofsootinrespiratorytractisthesurestsignofburn.v
134.Strongsulphuricacidwhenthrownonthefaceofapersonisknownasv"Vitreolthrowing".
135.Blackgunpowderconsistsofpotassiumnivtrate,sulphur,andcharcoal.
136.NitrocelluloseorNitroglycerineisusedasasmokelessgunpowder.v
137.Richochettebulletisonewhichstrikesanyothersurfacebeforestrikingvtheobject.
138.Thepulmonarylesionintheinjuryofairblastiscalled"Blastvlung".
139.Lossofvirginityiscalleddefloration.v
140.TheBuccalcoitusiscalled"SinofGomorrah".v
141.Thecommissionofsexualassalutuponadeadbodyiscalledv"Necrophily".
142."Testamentarycapcity"isthecapacityofapersontomakeavalidvwill.
143.Malpraxisisdefinedaswantofreasonableskillandorwillfulnegligencevonthepartof
doctorresultingindeteriorationofpatients'healthorhisdeath.
144.Coppersulphateisusedasanantidotetophsophorus.v
145.'Gyroget'arecartridgesorminiaturerocketsdrivenbysolidfuel,whichvproduces
considerableheatandsmokelessgasonburning.
146.Forensicmeanscourtsoflaw.v
147.Depositionmeansastatementonoathmadebyawitnessinajudicialvproceeding.Itis
takendowninwritingandsignedbythewitnessandmagistrate.
148.Documentmeansanymatterexpressedordescribeduponanysubstancebyvmeansof
letters,figuresormarks,orbymorethanoneofthesemeans.
149.Evidenceincludesalllegalmeanswhichhelptoproveordisproveanyvmatteroffat,the
truthofwhichissubmittedtojudicialinvestigation.Itcanbeoral(direct,indirectorhearsay),documentary&
circumstantial.
150.Hurtisdefinedasbodilypain,diseaseorinfirmitycausedtoanyvperson.

152.Investigationincludesalltheproceedingsforthecollectionofevidencevconductedbya
Policeofficerorbyanypersonotherthanamagistratewhoisauthorisedbyamagistrateonhisbehalf.
153.Jurymeansabodyofpersonssworntorenderverdictinacourtofvjustice.Itis
composedofunevennumberandnotlessthan7andmorethan9persons.
154.Metropolitanareameansanyareainthestatecomprisingacityoratownvwhose
populationexceedsonemillin.
155.Offencemeansanyactofomissionmadepunishablebylawforthetimevbeinginforce.
156.Perjurymeanswilfulutteranceoffalsehoodunderoath.v
157.Plantiffisonewhobringsanactioninacourtoflaw.v
158.Summonscasemeansacaserelatingtoanoffencepunishablewithvimprisonmentfora
termnotexceedingtwoyears
159.Testimonymeanstheevidence,oralorwritten,ofawitnessunderundervoath.
160.Warrantmeansawrittenauthorityunder"handandseal".Itisusedforvthearrestof
personsorfortheirforcibleproductioninacourtoflaw
161.Traumaticruptureofhymenisseenonposterolateralaspect.v
162.Taylorgaveaformulaonrateofdecompositionofdeadbodyinair,watervandearth.
163.MostreliablemethodofdeterminingpersonalidentityisvDactylography.
164.ContreCoupeinjuryisseeninheadinjury.v
165.Strychnineactsonanteriorhorncells.v
166.Lastorgantoputrefyinmateisprostatewhereasinfemaleitisungravidvuteus.
167.InCarboluria,urineturnsgreenonexposuretoair.v
168.Cyanidepoisoningproducescherryredcolour.v
169.McEwen'ssignisseeninalcoholism.v
170.Cutisanserinaisseenindrowning.v
171.Shakingpalsyor'madHatters'isseenwithmercurypoisoning.v
172.Poisonwhichcanbedetectedinburntbodiesinarsenic.v
173.Cepahlicindexhelpsinidentificationofrace.v
174.Tentativecutsareseeninsuicides.v

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ReplyWithQuote

FORENSICMEDICINE&TOXICOLOGY:Lastmomentrevisions2
DeathinpolicecustodyisinvestigatedbyMagistrate.v
Precipitintestisusedtoidentifyhumanbloodinstains.v
Gelsimiumisaspinalcordpoison.v
Desferroxamineisantidoteusedinironpoisoning.v
Spalding'ssignisseeninmaceration.v
Impotenceisinabilitytoperformthesexualact.v
Smackiscrudeformofheroin.v
Ganjaisobtainedfromfloweringtops.v
Stomachmaybegreenishinpoisoningduetonitricacid.v
LinesofZahnarepresentinantemortemclots.v
Coniumisaperipheralpoison.v
Emphysemaaqueosumisseeninwetdrowning.v
Formication(Magnan'ssymptom)isseenincocainedependence.v
Rigormortisissimulatedbycadavericspasm.v
ThornvappleisDaturastramonium.
Dirtcollarisseeninfirearmentrywound.v
Apoplexyiscerebralcongestion.v
Feminineofimpotenceisfrigidity.v
Inoathtaking,amedicalmandoesnotrequiretokeephishandsonaholyvbook.
Thanatologyissciencethatdealswithdeath.v

Dichotomyisrelatedtosplittingoffees.v
Fractureofhyoidboneinacaseofstrangulationiscommonlyseeninthevgreaterhorn.
Inafreshcaseofdeathduetoventricularfibrillation,heartatvpostmortemwillbeflabby.
Punctatebasophiliaisseeninleadpoisoning.v
Felonyisacategoryofrape,murderorburglary.v
Testamentarycapacityisrelatedtowill.v
McNaughtenwasanaccused.v
AcceptedprocedureoffirstaidforcafecoronaryisHeimlichvmanoeuvre.
Modeofdeathfromobstructionofairpassagesfromwithinisanoxicvanoxia.
Brainmaybepreservedinnormalsalineorrectifiedspirit.v
CSFispreservedinpoisoningduetoalcohol.v
Longbonesarepreservedinpoisoningduetoarsenic,leadorvantimony.
Exhumationisusuallydoneintheearlymorning.v
InIndia,ExhumationisdoneforMohammadansandChristians.v
Macroscopicallyandmicroscopically,therewillnotbeanychangetothevheartincaseofmyocardialinfarctiondeath
upto8hours.
Foamyliverisduetobubbingupofgas.v
LeukocytealkalinephosphataselevelislowinCML.v
Theessentiallesionofcoronaryatherosclerosisisfoundinintima.v
Theclassicalsiteofischaemiccolitisissplenicflexure.v
Therigormortisdisappearsintheorderofeyelids,neck,thorax,lowervlumbs(intheorderofappearance).
Primaryrelaxationisstageofsomaticdeath.v
Afterdeath,theonsetofputrefactionisinthestageofsecondaryvrelaxation.
Speciesoforiginofbloodisdeterminedbyprecipitintest.v
ItisacriminaloffenceinIndia,forapersontodriveamotorvehiclevafterconsumingalcohol.
Dumdumbulletissocalledbecausetipischiselledoff.v

Inelectrocution,deathismostoftenduetoventricularvfibrillation.
Lefaciessympathiqueisseeninhanging.v
ThecharacteristicsignofKorsakoffpsychosisisamnesia.v
Aconiteismostcommonlyusedasahomicidalpoison.v
Alcoholismaximallyabsorbedfromsmallintestine.v
Absolutealcoholhas99.95%alcohol.v
Viscerasobtainedfromabodyduetodeathfromalcoholicintoxicationarevpreservedissuprasaturatedsaline.
Instrychninepoisoning,rigormortissetsinearlyandlastsvshortly.
Ashortbarreledrifleiscalledcarbine.v
Themostfragileboneinskulltogetfracturedistemporalv
Themostcommontypeofskullfractureisfissure.v
Rigormortissetsearlyincaseswithdeathsduetoapoplexy.v
Incadavericspasm,stageofprimaryrelaxationismissing.v
Heatstiffeningisduetoexposureofbodytotemperatureabove75C.v
Thepresenceofblackening,tatooingandscortchinginashotguninjuryvindicatesdistanceoffireupto3feet.
Lucidintervalisseeninextraduralhaemorrhageandinsanity.v
Inforgeries,oxalicacidisusedasinkremoversolution.v
Pondfracture(ofskull)isfoundinchildren.v
Blastingeffectisusuallyseeninafirearminjuryfrompointblankvrange.
Oliveoilisusedinstomachwashincarbolicacidpoisoning.v
FractureofmiddlecranialfossacausesinjurytoVIIandVIIIcranialvnerves.
Histologicallyamyloiddepositsalwaysbeginintercellularly.v
Ischiopubicindexissignificantlymoreinfemales.v
Unconsciousnessoccursimmediatelyafterheadinjuryduetovconcussion.
Afemalehasmoresternalindex,ischiopubicindexandsciaticnotchvindex.
Ewingspostulatesrefertoaccidentsasacauseofdeath.v

Lossofmuscularcoordinationandstaggeringgaitareseeninpatientwithvbloodalcoholconcentrationof150300
Dinitrocompoundspoisoningresemblesthyrotoxicosis.v
AconiteisknownasSweetpoison.v
CuSO4isantidoteofPhosphorus.v
Foder'stestcomparesweightoflungstothebody.v
Diaphanustestdenotesthatafterdeath,fingerwebslosetheirvlusture.
GapingofdeepincisedwoundisdependentoncleavagelinesofvLanger.
Whenapatientisinjuredordiesduetosomeunintentionalactduringvtreatmentbyadoctororagentofthedoctoror
knownastherapeuticmisadventure.
Glassblowersshakesareseenwithpoisoningduetomercury.v
'Runamok'issometimesseenwithcannabis.v
Abrusisviperlikepoison.v
BluishgreenhypostasisisseeninH2Spoisoningv
Marquistestisusedinopiumpoisoning.v
Daturaisalsoknownas'Roadpoison'.v
Marsh'stestandReinschtestareusedinarsenicpoisoning.v
Exposuretonickelcausescarcinomanasopharynx.v
BesttestforseminalstainisFlorencetest.v
Fallofatoothisgrievousinjury.v
Toconductapostmortem,anauthorisationletterisnecessaryfrompolicevofficer,magistrateandcoroner.
Aconsentisinvalidofobtainedfromapersonwhoisintoxicated,insanevorunderthreat.
InIndia,exhumationhasnotimelimit.v
Colourchangesofputrefactionarefirstobservediniliacfossa.v
Dipsomaniaisseenwithalcohol.v
Subpoenaisaseenkindofdocument.v
Inexhumatedbodies,thepoisonlikelytobedetectedmostsignificantlyvisarsenic.
Postmorteminanewbornisdonebyopeningfirsttheabdominalvcavity.

TestsforcirculationareMagnus,DiaphanousandIcard's.v
Compressedairisusedtofireleadslugsinairrifle.v
Mostimportantsignofdeflorationisrupturedhymen.v
Cafecoronaryoccurswhenapersonischoking.v
Overlyingisatypeofsmothering.v
Deathinfreshwaterincomparisontosaltwaterisearlier.v
Bevellingofinnertableofskullisseeninfirearmentrywound.v
Inburking,causeofdeathistraumaticasphyxia.v
Bansdolaisaformofhomicidalstrangulation.v
Convincingproofofburialaliveissandintracheaandbronchi.v
InIndia.Coroner'scourtsareheldinBombay.v
Corpusdelictdealswithbodyofcrime.v
Burkingisanamederivedfromperson.v
Bulletispickedupwithhands.v
Theprocesswhichcausesthedryingupoftissuesandinternalvisceratovasufficientdegreetohaltputrefactionis
called
mummification.v
Themostimportantcauseoftemporaryimpotenceisfear.v
Minimumquantityofbloodrequiredtobepreservedtomineralvpoisoning.
Superimpositionistechniquemostusefulforidentificationfromvskull.
Brownatrophyofheartisseeninstarvationdeaths.v
Mostcommontypeoffingerimpressionisloop.v
Leadpoisoningiscommoninchildren.v
Presenceofalveolarductmembraneinfoetalautopsiesinindicativeofvlivebirth.
ThescienceoffingerprintwasfirstdemonstratedbyFrancis.v
KarlPearsonformulaisusedtocalculatestatureoftheindividualfromvlongbones.
Filigreeburnsareduetolightening.v

ThecommonesthomicidalpoisonusedinIndiaisArsenic.v
vBALiscontraindicatedinliverdamage.
KCNisineffectiveasapoisonifkeptforlongtime,patienttakesexcessvofcarbohydrateorsuffersfromachlorhydria.
Inquiryintocircumstancesofdeathiscalledinquestreport.v
Nonpoisonouspuremetalsaremercury,copperandlead.v
PhossyJawisproducedbychronicwhitephosphoruspoisoning.v
Ptysalismisseenincopperpoisoning.v
ChloralhydrateisalsocalledknockoutdropsorMickyFinn.v
Chromodacryorrhoeaissometimespreapilatedbyorganophosphorusv
Rapeisacognizableoffence.v
Tomakeapositiveidentificationwiththehelpofapartialfingerprint,vthepointsofsimilarityshouldbeatleast16.
Themoststrikingsymptomsofpregnancyiscessationofmenstruation.v
Themostreliablechemicaltestforbloodisbenzidinetest.v
ThepositioncolouroftestsforbloodareBenzidinetest(Blue),Guiacumvtest(deepblue),KastleMeyertest,
Leucomalachitetest(Peacockblue),HaeminCrystal(darkbrown).
Takayamareagentisusedinhaemochromogentest.v
Heatstiffeningisduetocoagulationofalbumin.v
Termimmerssionfootisusedforcaseswithfrostbite.v
Boxer'sattitudeisseeninpersonsdyingofburns.v
IIIandIVdegreeofburnsaremostpainful.v
Smokelessgunpowderiscomposedofnitrocellulose.v
Gunshotwoundisatypeofperforatedwound.v
SupremeCourtispurelyanappellateCourt.v
Policeinquestcanbedonebyapersonnotbelowtherankofvsubinspector.
Haemodilutionoccursinfreshwaterdrowning.v
Inchronicmercurypoisoning,faceisfirstaffected.v
Wristdropandfootdropmaybeseeninpoisoningwithlead.v

Aftertakingcyanide,patientfirstfeelsnumbnessinextremities.v
Nuxvomicaseedscontain2alkaloids,strychnineandbrucine.v
Lynchingisaformofhomicidalhanging.v
'Arrowpoison'isnuxvomical(alsocalledKuchila).v
Commonestindustrialmetalpoisoningisbylead.v
Haemorrhagicspotsarefoundinpoisoningbythallium.v
Amylnitrateisantidoteofcocainepoisoning.v
Inseawaterdrowning,thereissteepriseinNa+andMg++.v
Cadavericspasmoccursimmediatelyafterdeath.v
Leastcommontypeoffingerprintsiscomposite.v
Preauricularsulcusisusefulforidentificationofsex.v
Seminalemissioniscommoninhanging.v
Inmethylalcoholpoisoningtreatmentrecommendedisethylalcoholandvsodiumbicarbonate.
Thepresenceoffinewhiteleatheryfrothinmouthindicatesvdrowning.
Lowerendoffemurcanhelptodeterminetheage.v
ResipsaLoquiturmeansevidencespeaksforitself.v
Resorptionelutiontechniqueisusedfordetectionofbloodstains.v
Infemales,obturatorforamenistriangularshaped.v
Absorptionofleadismainlythroughlung.v
Incisedlikelaceratedwoundappearsatforehead.v
Medicaljurisprudenceisthesubjectconcernedwithknowledgeoflawinvrelationtothepracticeofmedicine.Ina
nutshell,itdealswithlegalaspectsofmedicalpractice.
Crimemeansasocialharmwhichhasbeendefinedandmadepunishablebyvlaw.
Noconductmoneyispaidincriminalcases,however,provisionismadebyvtheGovtundersec.312CrPCfor
paymentofreasonableexpensesofanexpertwitnessattendingbeforeanycriminalcourt.
Thebodyisexhumedonlywhenthereisawrittenorderissuedby1stclassvChiefJudicialorExecutivemagistrateor
theCoroner.ThereisnottimelimitforexhumationinIndia.
Puterfactionisthesurestsignofdeath.Theearliestsignismanifestedvasgreenishdiscolurationintherightilicfossa.

Heatstiffeningisduetocoagulationofalbuminandmuscleproteins.v
Coldstiffeningisduetosolidficationoffatswhenbodyisexposedtovverylowtemperatures
Presenceofbloodstainedfrothintheairpassageanddiatomsininternalvviscerasandbonemarrowisconsidered
surestsignofdrowning.
Thechiefpostmortemfindingincaseofstarvationisdistendedgallvbladder.
Heatexhaustioniscausedbydehydrationandsaltdeficiency.v
Presenceofsootintherespiratorypassageisthesurestsignofvantemortemburn.
Diatomsresistputrefaction.v
About1900calsistheminimumdailydieteicrequirementbelowwhichvmanifestationsofstarvationappear.
Forestimatingsurfaceareainburntpatient"Wallace'sRuleofNine"hasvbeenemployed.
TheTaserGunisadeviceforimmoblizingvicitimsbyusingelectricvcurrentwithoutcausingdeathorseriousinjury.
Indrowning,Paltauf'shaemorrhagesareseensubpleurallyinthevlungs
Moleculardeathismoresignificantmedicolegallythansomaticvdeath.
SemencontainsmorethandoublequantityofCPKthananyotherbodyfluid.vLevelsover400unitsarealmost
diagnostic.Theenzymeisstableandcanbedemonstratedaslateas6monthsaftersoiling.
Hangingisoneofthecommonformsofsuicideamongmen.v
Judicialhangingistheofficialmethodofexecutionofdeathsentence.vThedislocationoftentakesplacebetweenthe
2nd&3rdcervicalvertebra.
Dribblingofsalivaisthevitalsignofantemortemhangingandisduetovstimulationofsalivaryglandsbyligature.
Lynchingishomicidalhangingwhereseveralpersonsactingjointlyvoverpoweranindividualandhanghimbymeansof
aropetoatreeorlikeobject.
Strangulationisalmostalwayshomicidal.v
Instrangulation,ligaturecompletelyencriclestheneckhorizontallyvbelowthyroidcartilage.Injurytocarotidarteries
common.Bleedingfromnose,mouthandears.Emphysematouspatchesonlungsarecommonlyseenduring
postmortemexamination,fractureofhyoidbonecommonlyoccursinthrottling(nearthegreatercornua).
Smotheringisaformofasphyxiacausedbymechanicalocclusionofthevexternalairpassagesviz.thenoseandthe
mouthbyhands,clothoranyothermaterial.
Overylayingorcompressionsuffocationresultsduetocompressionofthevchestsoastopreventbreathing.Itis
commonmethodofinfanticide.
Burkingisamethodofhomicidalsmotheringandtraumaticasphyxia.v

Deathensuesrapidlyinfreshwaterthaninsaltwaterorseawater.v
Thefinefrothatthemouthandnoseinpathognomonicofdrowning.v
Cutisanserinaorgooseskinhasnovalueasadiagnosticsignofdeathvfromdrowning.Diatomstestisnegativein
deadbodiesthrowninwaterorindrydrowning.
Inatypicalcaseofdrowning,diatomsarefoundinbrainsandbonevmarrow.
Drowningisoneofthecommonestformofsuicideamongstfemales.v
BuccalcoitusisSinofGomorrah.v
Strychninepoisoningresemblestetanus/epilepsy/hysteria.v
Thalliumresemblesnaturaldeath.v
Exhumationisdone:Inpresenceofpoliceofficer.InthesupervisionofvMedicalOfficer.Writtenorderfrom1stclass
Magistrateorcoroner.
MostcommonmodeofdeathinstrangulationisAsphyxia.v
ThecommonmodeofchokingisAccidental.v
CaffeysyndromeisBatteredbabysyndrome.v
Injudicialhanging,fracture/dislocationofthevertebraeatthelevelofvC3andC4vertebra.
InAsphyxia,theplacewheretheTardieuspotsoccurinlungisinterlobarvfissures.Forensicthanatologydealswith
Medicolegalstudyofdeath.
Indentalfluorosis,theteetharecharacterisedbymottledenamel.v
Wreden'stestfordeletingthepresenceofairinmiddleearforvdetermininglivebirthordeadfoetus.
TherulesforcriminalresponsibilityofInsane:v
McNaughten'srule
Durham'srule
Current'srule
BloodgroupofParents,Childgrouppossible:v
OxOi.e00x00=0
AxBi.eOAxOB=O,A,B,AB.Allarepossible
OxAi.eOOxOA=O,A.

Cadavericspasm(Instantaneousrigor)affectsvoluntarymusclesonly.v
Themostdependentmeansofidentificationofpersonsisfingervprints.
Ifapersonsurvivesaftergivingdyingdeclaration,itcanbeusedasvcorroborativeevidence.
ParaffintestordermalnitratetestdetectsGunpowderresidueonvhands.
Knockoutagents:Chloralhydrate,Potassiumbromidev
SaturdaynightparalysisduetopressureontheRadialnerve.v
Leadingquestionsarepermissibleincrossexamination.v
PreservationusedtopreservetheurineforchemicalanalysisisThymolvcrystals.
InArsenicpoisoning,putrefactionisdelayed.v
ArsenicisemployedforembalmingofCadaver.v
SubendocardialhaemorrhagesinArsenicpoisoning.v
ThepoisonwhichisfoundinmaximumquantitiesinvariousorgansinvPostmortemisArsenic.
PoisoningresemblingfadingmeaslesArsenic.v
OpticatrophyoccursinMethylAlcoholpoisoning.v
MinimumAlcoholconsumedbyperson,estimatedbyWidmarksformula.v
Widmark'sformula,todetermineQuantityofAlcoholconsumed.v
ThepreservativeusedforviscerainAlcoholpoisoningSaturatedsodiumvchloridesolution.
BarbituratesincreasethetoxicityofAlcoholbySynergism.v
Methylatedspiritcontains95%Rectifiedspiritand5%Methylvalcohol.
ThecommonpreservativeforvisceraRectifiedspiritv
Theorgansthatresistputrefactionuterus(Nonpregnant)Prostate.v
ThepoisonswhichResistputrefactionArsenic,Edrin,Datura,vStrychnine.
ThickandleatherystomachwallinPhenolpoisoning.v
Ochronosis(Pigmentationofskinandcartilages)inPhenolvpoisoning.
InPhenolpoisoningUrineisgreencoloured.v
DelicateandreliabletestforBloodstainsTakayama'stest(Hemochromogenvcrystaltest).

TeichmantestforbloodstainsisHaeminCrystaltest.v
ExtremelydelicatetestforBloodstainsPhenophthaleintest(KastleMayervtest).
ThebesttestforBloodstainsChromatographyabsorptionvspectroscopy.
LeukomalachitegreentestisachemicaltestforBlood.v
Insevereburns,remnantindicativeofMalesexInguinalcanal.v
CarbonaceoussootparticlesinRespiratorytractsuggesiveofAntemortemvburns.
Lichetenberg'sflowersorfiligreeburnsorArborescentmarkingsisseenvinLightening.
InchemicalburnsbyCorrosivesVesicationdoesnotoccur.v
Paltauf'shaemorrhages(usuallyinlowerlobesoflungs)invDrowning.
ImmersionsyndromeisduetoVagalinhibitionv
FrothmaybeabsentincaseofdeathduetoDrydrowning.v
ThespecimenusedforDiatom'stestSternalbonemarrow.v
SaltwaterdrowningIncreased.v
Postmortemstaining:v
UsuallymistakenforContusion.
CanoccurbeforedeathinCholera.
HypostasisorcadavericlividityPostmortemstaining.
PurplecolourinAsphyxia.
BluegreencolurinHydrogensulphidepoisoning.
BluevitreolCoppersulfate.v
VerdigrisCoppersubacetate.v
GreenlineonthegumsinCopperpoisoning.v
MostpotentofallpreparationsofcannabisisCharas.v
Stomachwashinopiumpoisoning,donewithPotassiumpermanganate.v
Inopiumpoisoning,thereislossofallsecretionsexceptsweat.v
Inopiumpoisoning,atropineiscontraindicated.v

Antidoteusedincommontypesofpoisonousshakes,inIndiaincludesvpolyvalentantisnakevenom.
ViperbitelikepoisonAbrus.v
SeasnakevenomMyotoxic.v
DiwalipoisonsareMercury,phosphorous.v
NephrotoxicpoisonsPhenol,Oxalicacid,Mercury.v
Blottingpaperlikestomachinsulphuricacidpoisoning.v
Sodiumnitratelooksandtasteslikecommonsalt.v
TinglingofskinandtonguebyAconitepoisoning.v
Tannicacidprecipitatesalkaloids.v
Physiologicalantidoteproducesymptomsoppositetothoseofpoisonvis:
AtropinePhysostigmine
CyanideAmylnitrite
StrychnineBarbiturate
Inphosphorouspoisoning,avoidoilandfatsastheyincreasevabsorption.
InEndrinpoisoning,thepupilsaredilated.v
AlbuminhelpstoprecipitateinMercurypoisoning.v
Leadpoisoning,causesconstipation.v
InPotassiumpermanganatepoisoning,lesionsresembleTertiaryvsyphilis.
SymptomsofAbrusprecautoriuspoisoningresembleviperinesnakevbite.
CocaineactsasanAphrodisiac.v
CharasisknownasHashish.v
IntreatmentofNuxvomicapoisoning,mostimportantisI.V.injectionofvBarbiturates.
PupilsshowalternatecontractionanddilatationinAconitevpoisoning.
CharcoalactsasamechanicalAntidote.v
Potassiumferrocyanidesolutionisusedasgastriclavagesolutionofvpoisoningduetocoppersulphate.
Skinandmucousmembranesarecoloredyellowinpoisoningduetonitricvacid.

DelayedpoisoningbyoxalicacidischaracterisedbyUraemia.v
LargeamountofwateriscontraindicatedinOxalicacidpoisoning.v
HypocalcemiacanoccurinOxalicacidpoisoning.v
HypocalcemiacanoccurinOxalicacidpoisoning.v
OxalicacidresemblesMagnesiumsulfate.v
CoffeegroundvomitusisseeninOxalicacidpoisoning.v
DaturaseedslooklikeBrinjalseedscapsicumseedsorTomatoseeds.v
PhysiologicalantidoteforDaturapoisoningPilocarpinev
StupefyingpoisonDatura.v
RoadpoisonDatura.v
Ifapersonsurvivesaftergivingdyingdeclaration,itcanbeusedasvcorroborativeevidence
ArsenicisemployedforembalmingofCadaverv
SubendocardialhaemorrhagesareseeninArsenicpoisoningv
ThepoisonwhichisfoundinmaximumquantitiesinvariousorgansinvPostmortemisArsenic
PoisoningresemblingfadingmeaslesArsenicv
ThepreservativeusedforviscerainAlcoholpoisoningSaturatedsodiumvchloridesolution
BarbituratesincreasethetoxicityofAlcoholbySynergismv
Methylatedspiritcontains95%Rectifiedspiritand5%Methylalcoholv
ThepoisonswhichResistputrefactionareArsenic,Edrin,Datura,vStrychnine
ThickandleatherystomachwallisseeninPhenolpoisoningv
Ochronosis(Pigmentationofskinandcartilages)isseeninPhenolvpoisoning
ExtremelydelicatetestforBloodstainsPhenophthaleintestv('KastleMayertest).
ThebesttestforBloodstainsisChromatographyabsorptionvspectroscopy
Insevereburns,remnantindicativeofMalesexisinguinalcanalv
Lichetenberg'sflowersorfiligreeburnsorArborescentmarkingsareseenvinLightening
InchemicalburnsbyCorrosivesVesicationdoesnotoccurv

RuleofHouseisusedforcalculatingavgeofthefetus
PMstainingusuallymistakenforContusionv
PMstainingcanoccurbeforedeathinCholerav
MostpotentofailpreparationsofcannabisisCharasv
AmenorrhoeaandinfertilitycanoccurinChronicleadpoisoningv
Ifapersonisabsentfromhisusualhaunts,andhasnotbeenheardforatvleast7years,heispresumedtobedead
Inopiumpoisoningthereislossofallsecretionsexceptsweatv
Inopiumpoisoning,atropineiscontraindicatedv
Strongestcorrosivepoisonissulphuricacidv
AntidoteusedincommontypesofpoisonoussnakesinIndiaincludesvpolyvalentantisnakevenom
ViperbitelikepoisonisAbrusv
SeasnakevenomisMyotoxicv
DiwalipoisonsareMercury,phosphorusv
Blottingpaperlikestomachisseeninsulphuricacidpoisoningv
SpinalpoisoningmaybemistakencommonlyforTetanusv
Sodiumnitratelooksandtasteslikecommonsaltv
TinglingofskinandtongueisseeninAconitepoisoningv
Inphosphorouspoisoning,avoidoilandfatsastheyincreasevabsorption
InEndrinpoisoning,thepupilsaredilatedv
AlbuminhelpstoprecipitatepoisoninMercurypoisoningv
Leadpoisoningcausesconstipationv
InPotassiumpermanganatepoisoning,lesionsresembleTertiaryvsyphilis
CocaineactsasanAphrodisiacv
IntreatmentofNuxvomicapoisoning,mostimportantisI.V.injectionvBarbiturates
PupilsshowalternatecontractionanddilatationinAconitepoisoningv
Charcoalactsasamechanicalantidote.v

DelayedpoisoningbyoxalicacidischaracterisedbyUraemiaLargeamountvofwateriscontraindicatedinOxalicacid
poisoningHypocalcemiacanoccurinOxalicacidpoisoning
CoffeegroundvomitusisseeninOxalicacidpoisoningv
DaturaseedslooklikeBrinjalseeds,capsicumseedsorTomatoseedv
Antidoteforchlorpyriphospoisoningis.PAM.v
Prussianblueisusedinpoisoningbythallium.v
Ingastriclavage,tubeispassedupto50cmmarkv
Oleandercausesheartblockv
Puppe'sruleisusedforbulletinjuriesv
Wredin'stestdetectschangesinmiddleearv
Raindroppigmentationofskinisseenisarsenicpoisoningv
Algormortisreferstocoolingofbodyv
AmericanLawInstituteTestisrelatedtocriminalresponsibilityv
PoroscopywasdescribedbyLocardv
Burrowedservantdoctrineisrelatedtovicariousliabilityv
Waxdrippingsorbonepearlsareduetothermalinjuriesv
Lichtenberg'sflowersreferstoFiligreeburnsv
Cutisanserinaisduetoexectorpilaev
Cupping'isamethodofcriminalabortionv
Crocodileflashburnsareduetoantemortemelectricburnsv
HospitalprovidingdefectiveequipmentordrugsiscausingCorporate,vnegligenceContusioncollarisaproofofGun
shotentrance
In'Commandopunch',injuryusuallyoccurinneckv
BlastlungisseenduetoairexplosionThereapeuticorphansresultduetovexperimentation
Theenamehattersshakeisgivenbecauseitiscommoninhatmakingvindustry
TrotterandGlesser'sformulaeareusedforestimatingstaturev
Rachiotomysawisusedtoremovespinalcordv

InartificialinseminationofDonorwithouthusband'sconsent,ifthevlegalpresumptionoflegitimacyberebutted,
parentalrightswillbevestedinmotheronly
Agonalperiodisperiodbetweenlethaloccurrenceanddeathv
KmasterisresponsibleforthefaultsofhisservantsisknownasvVicariousliability,Biliardballricocheteffectisseen
infirearminjuries
Cavetttestisusedfordetermingbloodalcoholv
DactylographywasfirstusedinIndiabySirW.Herschelv
Hufflingiscommonsolventabusev
SewergascontainsCO2,methaneandH25v
Stomachboweltest'isusedforknowingifinfantrespirationvoccurred
Swallowtailsareseeninlaceratedwoundv
Mostcommontypeofabrasionsofgrazesv
Osteometricboardisusedtoestimatestaturev
SkullissquareinMongoliansv
Inhumanheadhair,barbodiesarefoundinhairfolliclesinaproportionvof295%infemalesand6+2%males
Curatorbonisispersonappointedtomanagetheaffairsofmentallyvincompetent
"Cribdeaths'areduetoasphyxiav
Commoriants'literallymeansdyingtogetherv
Foridentification,palatoprintsaretakenfromanteriorpartv
Pinkteethareseenindeathduetoasphyxiav
TheorderofappearanceofrigormortisfollowsNysten'slawv
Postmortemlividityinacaseofhangingismostprominentoverlowervextremities
Postmortemstainingofadeadbodylyingundisturbedpersiststillitvmergeswithdiscolourationofputrefaction
Bleedingfromnostrils,mouthandearsisrelativelycommoninvstrangulation
Contrecoupinjuryisseeninbrainv
Indeepincisedwounds,Langer'slinesdeterminegapingv
Muggingbydefinitionishomicidalv

Ligaturemarkinhangingisanexampleofimprintabrasionv
Immediatecauseofdeathinburnsisneurogenicshockv
Commoncauseofdeathincrushsyndromeisacuterenalfailurev
Abrasionisseenininjurywithrifledarmv
SpermininsemenisdetectedbyBarberiotestv
Theimpotentquoadisimpotenttoaparticularwomanv
SeminalfluidcholineoriginatesfromLeydigcellv
Toestablishdiagnosisoffeignedinsanity,thepersoncanbeobservedforvamaximumperiodof30days
Incessantsexualdesireisknownassatyriasisv
Dhaturapoisoningisduetointakeofseedsv
Mercurydamagesglomeruliandrenaltubulesv
Cyanidepoisoningkitcontainsamylnitrite,Sodiumnitriteandsodiumvthiosulfate
Chromolachryorrhoeainorganophosphoruspoisoningisduetoporphyrinv
AgreenlineingumsincopperpoisoningisCleptenlinev
InEonism,thereiscrossdressingv
Garrottingisusedasamethodofexecutioninsomecountriesv
Tardieuspotsarenumberousinthymus,AVjunctionandconjunctivav
Inbodypackersyndrome,persondiesofabuseddrugoverdosev
Indrowning,emphysemaaquosumisseenin80%casesv
Inembalmingfluid,theconcentrationofformaldehydeandmethylalcoholvare40%and10%respectively
Emmenagoguesareusedforcriminalabortionv
McNaughtenrulehasbeenincludedinIndiainsection84ofIPCv
Hydrocutionisanothertermforimmersionsyndromev
Diminishedresponsibilityisatermusedforborderlinementalstatev
MinisatelliteorstuttersaretermsusedforDNAfingerprintingv
Section312IPCisrelatedtoabortionv

ThecompoundsusedfortakingfingerprintsareFrenchchalk,leadvcarbonateandmercury
'Centralpocketloop'isavarietyofCompositefingerprintv
Reactionphenomenonisseendrowningv
Alcoholicpalimpsestsareatypeofblackoutv
Arsenicpoisoningmayleadtothrombocytopenia,leukemiaandBMvsuppression
Inarsenicpoisoning,bandsofopacityinfingernailsarecalledvAldrichMeeslines
Affiliationcasesarerelatedtopaternitydisputev
Kennedyphenomenonresultsduetosurgicalalterationv
Incineration,dismembementandadvancedputrefactionaremethodsofveffacementofidentity
Moletovacocktailisabombv
Medullaryindexisusedtodeterminesexv
HarrisonandGilroytestisusedforfirearminjuryv
Afterrespiration,theweightoflungsincreasesbyabout30gmv
Themostcharacteristicdefenceinjuriesarethosesustainedduringanvattackbyknife
Ploucquet'stestisusedtoestimatelivebirthv
Weightofpinealglandis0.1to0.2gmv
Insmothering,thereisabrasionontheinnersideofupperlipv
Deathduringanaesthesia,D.C.tobewrittenbyanaesthesistv
Privilegedcommunicationmaybeusedbyadoctortoblackmailhisvpatients
Repeatedintentionaladvertisementbyadoctorinnewspaperisvprofessionalmisconduct
Oathtakinginthecourtiscourtformalityv
Theinquiryintothecircumstancesofdeathisinquestreportv
16yearsageoffemaleisanagetogivevalidconsentforlawfulsexualvintercourse
AgeofconsentformedicalexaminationisaftereruptionofIIImolarv
FragmentarymedullaisseeninNegroidv
Forsaliva,testusedisalphaamylasetestv

RuleofHaaseisusedforestimationoffoetalagev
Wilson'sclassificationisusedtoclassifyburnsv
Drugsinterferinginbloodgroupingarebarbiturate,aspirinandvheparin
Phenolalsoretardsputrefactionv
Instrangulation,neckmuscleruptureiscommonv
Infreshwaterpoisoning,theremaybehyperkalemia,hemolysisandvventricularfibrillation
Brainstemdeathoccursinencephalomyelitisv
Postmortemexaminationisdoneforallorganofthebodyv
Historicalmilestones
CodeofHammurabioldestknownmedicolegalcode.
Hippocrates(fatherofMedicine)
discussedlethalityofwounds
formulatedmedicalethics.
Manulaw'smedicalethicsmanysexualmattersmostscientificallydiscussed.Justiniancode
regulatedthepracticeofmedicine&surgery.
establishedthefunctionofthemedicalexpertforlegalprocedure.
BartolomeoDeVarignanafirstmedicolegalautopsydonebyhiminItaly.
PaulusZacchiaswritten"medicolegalquestions",questionsMedicolegalis."FortunatoFedelewrittenfirstbookon
Forensicmedicne.
OrfilconsideredasfatherofModernToxicology.
a.Inthe18thcentury,studyinlegalMedicineasasubjectwasestablishedbyappointingprofessorshipinGermany.
b.InEnglandMeNaughten's(whowasaschizophrenic)rulehasbeenestablishedtodealwithlegalmattersincasesof
insanityorlikesituationswhatsoever
Sec118IPCConcealingdesigntocommitoffencepunishablewithdeathorimprosonmentforlife.
Sec176,IPCOmissiontogivenoticeorinformationtopublicservantbypersonlegallyboundtogiveit.
Sec177IPCFurnishingfalseinformation.
Sec182IPCFalseinformationwithintenttocausepublicservanttouselawfulpowertotheinjuryofanotherperson.
.Sec191IPCGivingfalseevidence

Sec192IPCFabricatingfalseevidence.
Sec193IPCPunishmentforfalseevidence.
Sec194IPCGivingorfabricatingfalseevidencewithintenttoprocureconvictionofcapitaloffence.
Sec195IPCGivingorfabricatingfalseevidencewithintenttoprocureconvictionofoffencepunishablewith
imprisonmentforlifeorimprisonment.
Sec197IPCIssuingorsigningfalsecertificates.
Sec201IPCCausingdisappearanceofevidenceofoffence,orgivingfalseinformationtoscreenoffenders.
Sec203IPCGivingfalseinformationrespectinganoffencecommitted.
Sec204IPCDestructionofdocumenttopreventitsproductionasevidence.
Sec284IPCNegligentconductwithrespecttopoisonoussubstances.
Sec304IPCCausingdeathbynegligence.
Sec309IPCAttempttocommitsuicide
Sec313IPCCausingmiscarriagewithoutwoman'sconsent.
Sec318IPCConcealmentofbirthbysecretdisposalofdeadbody.
Sec319IPCHurt.
Sec320IPCGrievoushurt.
Sec351IPCAssault.
Sec362IPCAbduction.
Sec375IPCRape.
Sec376IPCPunishmentforrape.
Sec377IPCUnnaturaloffences.
Sec497IPCAdultery.
Sec39Cr.P.CEveryperson,awareofthecommissionoforoftheintentionofanyotherpersontocommitany
offenceispunishableunderI.P.C.shallforthwithgiveinformationtothenearestmagistrateofpoliceofficerofsuch
commissionorintention.
Sec84IPCNothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyapersonwhoatthetimeofdoingit,byreasonofunsoundnessof
mind,isincapableofknowingthenatureoftheactorwhatheisdoingiseitherwrongorcontrarytolaw.
ConfabulationPathologicallossofmemory,e.g.Korsakoffs
psychosis.Earlystagesofdementia.

Forensicmedicine:
istheapplicationofmedicalandparamedicalknowledgeintheadministrationoflawandjustice.Legalmedicineand
statemedicineareothernamesforit.

Medicaljurisprudence:
dealswiththelegalrights,privileges,dutiesandobligationsofmedicalpractitioner.

Pointstoremember
Quote:

1.Pinpointpupils=Opium
2.Dilatationofpupils=Dhatura,Cyanide
3.Constrictionofpupils=Opium,phenol,organophosphorus,physostigmine,
chloralhydrate.
4.Cumulativepoisonsare:Barbiturates,andmethylalcohol
5.Habitformingpoisonsare:CaffeineandNicotine.
6.Addictiondrugsare:Alcohol,Barbiturates,Coccaine,Cannabis,Chloralhydrate,Opium,Pethidine.
7.Hemodialysisisgoodvaluein:Salicylate,methanol,barbiturate,andaspirin
(exceptkeroseneoilanddiazephem)
8.1stsignofintrauterinedeath:Gasshadowinaorta(asearlyas12hours).
9.IncreasedaniongapisseeninSalicylatepoisoning,lacticacidosis,starvation.
10.Idealsuicidepoison=Cyanide
11.Idealhomicidepoison=Thallium,fluoridecompounds.
12.Commonlyusedhomicidalpoisons:Arsenic,aconite
13.Commonlyusedsuicidalpoisons:Endrine,Opium,Barbiturates,Organophosphoruscompounds.
14.Poisonresemblingcholera=Arsenic
15.Poisonresemblingtetanus=Strychnine
16.Poisonresemblingnaturaldeath=Thallium
17.Poisonresemblingfadingmeasles=Arsenic

Quote:

Testsfordetectingpoisons:
Arsenic=Marshstest,Reinschstest
Opium=Marquistest
Alcohol=Mcevanstest
Datura=Mydriatictest
Phenol=Greenurine.

IMPORTANTPOINTSTOREMEMBER
1.ThePercentageofbloodalcoholinthestageof"deaddrunk"isv0.5%.
2.Pisiformgetsossifiedby12yrsofage.v
3.By14yrs.patellagetsossified.v
4.Anteriorfontanelleclosesby18monthsofage.v
5.Theheightofachildisdoubleofbirthheightby4yearsofvage,
6.UnderIPC,apersonbelow7yearsisnotcriminallyvresponsible.
7.FatalperiodofDaturapoisoningis24hours.v
8.InIndia,rigormortissetswithin12hours.v
9.Whiledispatchingbloodandurineforchemicalanalysis,sodiumfluoridevisaddedaspreservativeinconcentration
of50mg/10ml.
10.Criticallevelofalcoholinbloodis0.15%.v
11.Theminimumageforgivingconsentforsurgeryis18years.v
12.Infracturedendsofbone,softprovisionalcallusisformedby15hours.v
13.Theminimumtimerequiredforadipocereformationinadeadbodyis21vdays.
14.IndianMedicalCouncilActwasenactedin1956.v

16.Ratiobetweenethylalcoholinbloodtourineis1:1.33v
17.Gasrigidityappearsafter72hours.v
18.Marblingisnoticedby36hours.v
19.Fulldevelopmentofrigormortistakesabout12hours.v
20.Inexhumation,67samplesofeartharecollected.v
21.Intercoursewithwifebelow15yearsofageisconsiderablevrape.
22.Fatalperiodofaconiteisusually15hours.v
23.Coolingofbodyisgradualupto13hours.v
24.Hypostasisismottledwithinfirst3hoursofdeath.v
25.Killingrangeofamilitryrifleis3000yards.v
26.Juvenileoffenderisapersonunder16yearsv
27.Thedispersionofpelletsisseenusuallyatdistancebeyond10vfeet.
28.Inagunshotwound,thepresenceofsingeingofhairorcharringofskinvdenotesafireupto18inches.
29.Dispersionofpelletsinshotguninjuryiscalculatedasdispersioninvinches=1.5timesthedispersionin
yards.
30.Aninfantbornbefore210daysisnotlegallyconsideredcapableofvmaintainingaseparateexistence.
31.Abruiseshowingbluishblackdiscolourationis4daysold.v
32.Theupperlimitofsafetyforcarbonmonoxideinairisv0.01%.
33.RhpositivityinIndiais93%.v
34.Inanabrasion,thescabusuallydriesandfallsbetween46vdays.
35.Fataldoseofopiumis2gm.v
36.Therangeofanairrifleisabout90yards.v
37.Mixeddentitionisseeninchildrenbetween612yearsofvage.
38.Basisphenoidunitesthebasiocciputattheageto22years.v
39.Firstpermanentmolarappearsatageof67years.v