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ComplexPlane
ComplexPlane
No,notthiscomplexplane...
...thiscomplexplane:
Itisaplaneforcomplexnumbers!
(Itisalsocalledan"ArgandDiagram")
A RealNumber isthetypeofnumberyouareusedtodealingwithevery
day.
Examples:12.38,,0,2000
Withrealnumberswecandothingslikesquaring(multiplyanumberbyitself):
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/complexplane.html
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ComplexPlane
22=4
Butwhatcanwesquaretoget4(minus4)?
??=4
Well,2won'tworkbecause multiplyingnegativesgivesapositive :(2)(2)=+4,and
nootherRealNumberworkseither.
Soitseemsthatmathematicsisincomplete...
...butwecanfillthegapbyimaginingthereisanumberthat,whenmultipliedbyitself,
gives1(callitiforimaginary):
i2=1
Now,wecandothis:
2i2i=4i2=4(1)=4
.
Examples:5i,3.6i,i/2,500i
Andtogether:
A ComplexNumber isacombinationofaRealNumberandanImaginary
Number
Examples:3.6+4i,0.02+1.2i,250.3i,0+2i
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/complexplane.html
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Butwheredoweputacomplexnumberlike3+4i?
Let'shavetherealnumberlinegoingleftrightasusual,andanimaginarynumberline
goingupdown:
Andwecanplotacomplexnumberlike3+4i:
Itisplaced
3unitsalong(therealaxis),
and4unitsup(theimaginaryaxis).
Andhereis42i:
Itisplaced
4unitsalong(therealaxis),
and2unitsdown(theimaginaryaxis).
Andthatisthecomplexplane:
complexbecauseitisacombinationofrealandimaginary,
planebecauseitislikeageometricplane(2dimensional).
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/complexplane.html
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Thisisavector.
Ithasmagnitude(length)anddirection.
Andhereisthecomplexnumber3+4i
asaVector:
Youcanaddcomplexnumbersasvectors,too:
Hereweaddthecomplexnumbers3+5iand43iasvectors:
Addtherealnumbers,addtheimaginarynumbers,likethis:
(3+5i)+(43i)=3+4+(53)i=7+2i
Polar Form
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/complexplane.html
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ComplexPlane
Again,hereisthecomplexnumber3+4i
AsaVector:
Hereitisagain(stillasavector),but
Inpolarform:
Sothecomplexnumber3+4icanalsobeshownasdistance(5)andangle(0.927
radians).
Howdoyoudotheconversions?
Example:thenumber3+4i
Wecandoa CartesiantoPolarconversion :
r=(x2+y2)=(3 2+4 2)=25=5
=tan1(y/x)=tan1(4/3)=0.927(to3decimals)
WecanalsotakePolarcoordinatesandconvertthemtoCartesiancoordinates:
x=rcos()=5cos(0.927)=50.6002...=3(close
enough)
y=rsin()=5sin(0.927)=50.7998...=4(closeenough)
Infact,acommonwaytowriteacomplexnumberinPolarformis
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/complexplane.html
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ComplexPlane
x+iy=rcos+irsin=r(cos+isin)
And"cos+isin"getsshortenedto"cis"
So3+4i=5cis0.927
Summary
Thecomplexplaneisaplanewith:
realnumbersrunningleftrightand
imaginarynumbersrunningupdown.
ToconvertfromCartesiantoPolarForm:
r=(x2+y2)
=tan1(y/x)
ToconvertfromPolartoCartesianForm:
x=rcos()
y=rsin()
Next...learnabout ComplexNumberMultiplication .
Question1Question2Question3Question4
Question5Question6Question7Question8
Question9Question10
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ComplexPlane
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