CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

ACHMAD AMINUDDIN

PERICARDIUM
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM.
SEROUS PERICARD
PARIETAL LAYER lines fibrous
pericardium.
VISCERAL LAYER become outermost
layer of wall of heart the epicardium.

PERICARDIAL CAVITY.

HEART
WALL OF THE HEART
EPICARDIUM.
MYOCARDIUM.
ENDOCARDIUM.

FOUR CHAMBER
ATRIA - receiving chamber.
Right.
Left.
VENTRICLES - discharging chamber.
Right.
Left.

THE FIBROUS SKELETON OF

THE HEART
KEEP THE ORIFICES OF THE A.V AND

SEMILUNAR VALVES PATENT.

PROVIDES ATTACHMENTS FOR THE
LEAFLETS AND CUSPS OF THE VALVES.
PROVIDES ATTACHMENTS FOR THE
MYOCARDIUM.
FORM AN ELECTRICAL INSULATOR.

RIGHT ATRIUM
FORM THE RIGHT BORDER.
RIGHT AURICLE
THE INTERIOR OF THE R. A
SINUS VENARUM.
PECTINATE MUSCLES.
OPENING OF
S.V.C. I.V.C.
CORONARY SINUS.
RIGHT A.V ORIFICE.
FOSSA OVALIS.

RIGHT VENTRICLE

FORM THE LARGEST PART OF THE ANTERIOR SURFACE.

CONUS ARTERIOSUS PULMONARY TRUNK.
TRABECULAE CARNEAE.
SUPRAVENTRICULAR CREST.
RIGHT A.V. ORIFICE.
TRICUSPID VALVE
INTER VENTRICULAR SEPTUM
MEMBRANOUS PART.
MUSCULAR PART.

SEPTO MARGINAL TRABECULA

CARRIES PART OF THE RIGHT A.V. BUNDLE.

THE PULMONARY VALVE

AT THE APEX OF THE CONUS

ARTERIOSUS.
AT THE LEVEL OF THE LEFT 3rd COSTAL
CARTILAGE.
THREE VALVES

ANTERIOR.
RIGHT.
LEFT.

PULMONARY SINUS.

LEFT ATRIUM
FORM MOST OF THE BASE OF THE HEART.
LEFT AURICLE
FORM THE SUPERIOR PART OF THE LEFT
BORDER OF THE HEART.
ITS WALL TRABECULATED WITH PECTINATE

INTERIOR

PECTINATE M.
PULMONARY VEINS.
INTER ATRIAL SEPTUM.
LEFT A.V. ORIFICE.

LEVT VENTRICLE
FORM THE APEX OF THE HEART.
INTERIR
ITS WALLS THAT ARE TWO TO THREE
TIMES AS THICK AS THAT OTHE R.V.
TRABECULAE CARNEAE.
PAPILLARY M
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR.

AORTIC VESTIBULUM AORTIC ORIFICE.

CUSPS OF THE AORTIC VALVE
RIGHT POSTERIOR LEFT.

MITRAL VALVE
HAS TWO CUSPS
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR.
TENDINOUS CORD PAPILLARY M.

LOCATED POSTERIOR TO THE

STERNIM AT HE LEVEL OF THE 4 th

COSTAL CARTILAGE.

THE AORTIC ORIFICE

AORTIC VALVE
OBLIQUALLY PLACED, IS LOCATED
POSTERIOR TO THE LEFT SIDE OF
THE STERNUM AT THE LEVEL OF THE
3rd intercostal space.

AORTIC SINUS

AORTIC SINUS
RIGHT AORTIC SINUS.
THE MOUTH OF THE RIGHT CORONARY
A.

POSTERIOR AORTIC SINUS

LEFT AORTIC SINUS
THE MOUTH OF THE LEFT CORONARY
A.

VASCULATURE OF THE
HEART
CORONARY A
RIGHT CORONARY A.
LEFT CORONARY A.

CARDIAC V
Draining into the CORONARY SINUS.

RIGHT CORONARY A.
ARISE FROM THE RIGHT AORTIC
SINUS.
ITS BRANCHES

SINUATRIAL NODAL BRANCH.

RIGHT MARGINAL BRANCH.
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODAL BRANCH.
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR BRANCH.

TYPICALLY THE R.C.A. SUPPLIES

THE RIGHT ATRIUM.
MOST OF RIGHT VENTRICLE.
PART OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE

( diaphrag matic surface ).

PART OF THE I.V. SEPTUM (posterior 3 rd
THE S.A. NODE ( 60 0/0 OF PEOPLE ).
THE A.V. NODE ( 80 0/0 OF PEOPLE ).

THE LEFT CORONARY

ARTERY
ARISES FROM THE LEFT AORTIC
SINUS.
BRANCHES

ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR
BRANCH
LATERAL BRANCH.
CICUMFLEX BRANCH
LEFT MARGINAL ARTERY.

TYPICALLY THE L.C.A. SUPPLIES

THE LEFT ATRIUM.
MOST OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE.
PART OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.
MOST OF THE I.V.S. ( ANTERIR
2/3 ), THE A.V. BUNDLE.
THE S.A. NODE ( 40 0/0 )

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE

HEART
BY VEINS THAT EMPTY INTO
CORONARY SINUS, receives blood from
GREAT CARDIAC V.
LEFT POSTERIOR VENTRICULAR V.
LEFT MARGINAL V.
MIDDLE CARDIAC V ( POSTERIOR I.V. VEIN ).
SMALL CARDIAC V.
OBLIQUE VEIN OF LEFT ATRIUM.
ANTERIOR CARDIAC V
SMALLEST CARDIAC V

CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF
THE HEART
THE SINUATRIAL ( S. A ) NODE.
THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR ( A.V.)
NODE.
THE A.V. BUNDLE.
SUBENDOCARDIAL BRANCHES.

THE SINUATRIAL NODE

LOCATED ANTEROLATERALLY JUST DEEP TO THE

EPICARDIUM AT THE JUNCTION OF THE

S.V.C.AND RIGHT ATRIUM, NEAR THE SUPERIOR
END OF THE SULCUS TER MINALIS.
A SMALL COLLECTION OF NODAL TISSUE
THE PACEMAKER OF THE HEART.
REGULATED THE IMPULSES FOR CONTRACTION
APPROXIMATELY 70 TIMES PER MINUTE.
SUPPLIED BY SINUATRIAL NODE ARTERY
R.C.A. ( 60 0/0 ).
L.C.A. ( 40 0/0 ).

STIMULATED BY THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS

SYSTEM.

THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR
NODE
SMALLER COLLECTION OF NODAL

TISSUE
LOCATED IN THE POSTEROINFERIOR
REGIO OF THE INTERATRIAL SEPTUM
NEAR THE OPENING OF THE
CORONARY SINUS.
STIMULATED BY THE AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM.

THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR
BUNDLE
PASSES FROM THE A.V. NODE THROUGH

THE INSULATING FIBROUS SKELETON OF

THE HEART.
DIVIDES INTO RIGHT AND LEFT BUNDLES
AT THE JUNCTION OF THE MEMBRANOUS
AND MUSCULAR PART OF THE SEPTUM.
SUBENDOCARDIAL BRANCHES ( PURKINJE
FIBERS ).

INNERVATION OF THE HEART

INNERVATION OF THE HEART

CARDIAC PLEXUS.
LIES
ANTERIOR TO BIFURCATION OF THE TRACHEA.
POSTERIOR TO THE ASCENDING AORTA.
SUPERIOR TO THE BIFURCATION OF THE
PULMONARY TRUNK.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

SYMPATHETIC
PARASYMPATHETIC

THE SYMPATETHIC SUPPLY

PRESYNAPTIC
CELL BODIES ARE LOCATED IN THE LATERAL HORN OF THE
SUPERIOR 5 OR 6 THORACIC SEGMEN OF THE SPINAL CORD.

POSTSYNAPTIC

CELL BODIES ARE LOCATED IN THE CERVI-CAL AND

SUPERIOR THORACIC PARAVERTE-BRAL GANGLIA OF THE
SYMPATHETIC TRUNK.

SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION

INCREASE HESRT RATE.

INCREASE IMPULSE CONDUCTION.
INCREASE FORCE OF CONTRACTION.
INCREASE BLOOD FLOW ( B2 RECEPTOR ).

THE PARASYMPATHETIC SUPPLY

PRESYNAPTIC FIBERS

FROM THE VAGUS N.

POSTSYNAPTIC CELLS BODIES

LOCATED IN THE ATRIAL WALL AND INTER ATRIAL SEPTUM

NEAR THE S.A. AND A.V. NODES AND ALONG THE CORONARY
ARTERIES.

POSTSYNAPTIC PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS

RELEASE ACETYLCHOLINE, WICH BINDS WITH MUSCARINIC

RECEPTOR.

STIMULATION

SLOW THE HEART RATE.

REDUCE THE FORCE OF THE CONTRACTION.
CONSTRICS THE CORONARY A.
SAVING ENERGY BETWEEN PERIODS OF INCREASED DEMAND.

SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE

HEART