Contoh Soal Toefl : Error Recognition

Choose the one word or phrase which is not appropriade for the standard English.
1. Opposite with the gambir Station,
a
you will find the old "Monas Square"
b c
and the statue of R.A Kartini.
d
2. The Sony camrecorder demo was fun
a
and impressive, but it is not
b
as better as Microsoft's.
c
d
3. Recently, the work had been being done
a
b
c
by John M.Rayyan.
d
4. The thief who stole my watch was
a
commpelled to restore it back again
b
c
d
5. I try to figure in the answer of what
a
b
the
function
of
d

the

c
organitation

is.

PEMBAHASAN SOAL Error Recognition

1. Kata Opposite yang berarti berhadapan dengan diikuti oleh to, bukan with. Jadi seharusnya
kalimat tersebut berbunyi : Opposite to the Gambir Station, you will find the old "Monas Square"
and the statue of R.A kartini
JAWABAN : A
2. as.......as tidak digunakan pada adjective yang menyatakan perbandingan, tetapi dengan
adjective bentuk pertama. jadi seharusnya kalimat tersebut menggunakan.......as good as......
JAWABAN : C
3. Terdapat keterangan waktu recently (baru-baru ini) sehingga verb kalimat tersebut
menggunakan present perfect tense yaitu has been being done

JAWABAN : C
4. Kata restore sudah bermakna gave back, maka tidak perlu lagi kata back setelah kata restore.
JAWABAN : B
5. Kata yang berarti menemukan adalah figure out, bukan figure in. Kombinasi proposisi antara
figure
dan
in
tidak
ditemukan
dalam
bahasa
inggris
JAWABAN : B
Tes TOEFL itu sebenarnya mudah apabila kita tahu trik untuk menghadapinya, gampang untuk
dikerjakan apabila tahu cara menjawabnya. Pelajari panduan menguasai soal-soal TOEFL, baca
selengkapnya Soal
1. The committee has met twice and ....
A. they reached a final decision
B. a final decision was reached
C. its decision was reached
D. it has reached a final decision
2. The manager won't be able to attend the shareholders' meeting tomorrow because....
A. he must to give a lecture
B. he will be giving a lecture
C. of he will give lecture
D. he will have giving a lecture
3. Brenda's score on the test is the highest in class.
A. She should study hard last night.
B. She should have studied hard last night.
C. She must have studied hard last night.
D. She had to study hard last night
4. To answer accurately is more important than...
A. to finish quickly
B. a quick finish
C. you finish it quickly
D. quick finish
5. Having been served lunch,....
A. the problems were discussed by the participants.
B. the participants discuss the problems.
C. it was discussed by the participants.
D. A discussion of the problems were made by the participants.
6. East Kalimantan relies heavily on income from oil and natural gas, and....
A. Aceh province also.

B. Aceh province too.

C. Aceh province is as well.
D. so does Aceh province.
7. The participants have had some problems deciding....
A. when they should announce the result of the meeting.
B. when are they sgoing to announce the result of the meeting.
C. when should they announce the result of the meeting.
D. the time when the result of the meeting to announce.
8. This year will be more difficult for our organization because....
A. we have less money and volunteers than last year.
B. there is a little money and volunteers than last year.
C. it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
D. it has fewer money and less volunteers than it had last year.
9. Professor Baker told his students that...
A. they can turn over their reports on Mondays.
B. the reports can turn over on Monday.
C. they could hand in their reports on Monday.
D. the reports they can hand in on Monday.
10. The adder is a venomous snake ... bite may prove fatal to humans.
A. its
B. whom its
C. that
D. whose
11. .... a bee colony gets, the more the queen's egglaying capability diminishers.
A. It is more overcrowded.
B. The more overcrowded.
C. More overcrowded than.
D. More than overcrowded.
12. The chairwoman requested that ....
A. the participants studied more careful the problem.
B. the participants study the problem more carefully.
C. the participants studied the problem with more careful.
D. the problem be studied more carefully.
13. Unlike the earth, which rotates once every twenty-four hours ... once every ten hours.
A. the rotation of Jupiter
B. Jupiter rotates
C. Jupiter rotation
D. Jupiter rotate

14. Jackson,... capital of Mississippi, is the largest city in the state.

A. the
B. it is the
C. is the
D. where the
15. The various types of bacteria are classified according to...shapes.
A. whose
B. how they are
C. have
D. their
KUNCI JAWABAN
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. C
10.D

11. B
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. D

Read more: http://www.kursusmudahbahasainggris.com/2013/10/contoh-soal-toefl-structurelengkap.html#ixzz3dINwPEcA

Contoh Soal Toefl ( Structure)

1. The hard palate.. between the mouth and nasal passage

a. Forming a partition
b. A partition forms
c. Forms a partition
d. A form and partition
(C) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is
2. .. the outermost layer of skin, is abaout as thick as sheet of paper over most of
the skin
a. It is epidermis
b. The epidermis
c. In the epidermis
d. The epidermis is
(D) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is
3. During the Precambrian period, the earths curst formed, and life. In the seas
a. First appeared
b. The first appear
c. The first appearance
d. Appearing first
(A) Because using the verb 3

4. Before the statue of liberty in the united states, newspaper invited the public to help
determine where.. .placed after its arrival
a. Should the statue be
b. The statue being
c. It should be the statue
d. The statue should be
(D) Because the use of past continuous tense is future shoud +be
5. Seismic reflection profiling has.. the ocean floor is underlain by a thin layer of
nearly transparent sediments.
a. Reveal that
b. Revealed that
c. The revelation of
d. Revealed about
(B) Because using the present perfect tense is to use has + verb 3
6. ..and terrifying, coral snakes can grow to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length
a. They are extremely poisonous
b. The posion is extreme
c. Extremely poisonous
d. An extreme amount of poisonous
(a) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is
7. As in greek and roman mythology, harpies were frightful monsters that
were half woman and half bird
a. Described
b. To described
c. Description
d. Describing
(B) Due to be added as a complement as to
8. D.w grifitth pioneered many of the stylistic features and filmmaking techiniques.. as
the hollywood standard
a. That estabilished
b. That became estabilished
c. What estabilished
d. What became estabilished
(B) Because it has happened in the past
9. By the end of this month, I my assignment
a. Will finish
b. Will have finished
c. Finish
d. Am finishing
(b) Because the use of present future perfect tense is future S+will/shall+V3
10. I meet Tyas this morning when I .for the bus
a. Wait

b. Waited
c. Has waiting
d. Was waiting
(D) Because it uses the past tense using the Was+Verb 2
11. I know that one of my student in your company since he graduated
a. Work
b. Working
c. Have work
d. Has been working
(c) Because it uses the present perfect tense using since
12. Hadi looks very tired, he,,,, for hours now
a. Drove
b. Has been driving
c. Had driving
d. Had been driving
(b) Because it uses the present perfect continuous tense using the Has+been+V erb 1+ing
13. I hope that by the time my father retires,I.. a job
a. Will have got
b. Get
c. Am getting
d. Have got
(a) Because it uses the future perfect tense using the Will/shall+have+verb3
14. Did you meet your sister yesterday?
No,shefor Surabaya
a. Would leave
b. Has left
c. Had left
d. Is leaving
(C) Baecause it uses the past perfect tense using the Had+Verb3
15. The tidal forces on the earth due toonly 0.46 of those due to the moo
a. The Sun is
b. The Sun they are
c. The Sun it is
d. The Sun are
(a) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is

Contoh soal tenses dan Pembahasannya " Contoh soal Tenses dan pembahasannya "
1. `Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City? 'I'm sorry, sir. Our airline to
Mexico
City." A. will not fly D. wasn't able to fly B. has not been flying E. doesn't fly C. did not fly
Pembahasan: Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City?" "1'm sorry sir. Our
airline ... to Mexico City". Kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan soal mengehendaki suatu alasan
tidak memenuhi permintaan customer. Semua pilihan menyatakan tidak terbang ke Mexico.
Pernyataan yang berhubungan dengan jadwal, rutinitas selalu diungkapkan dalam bentuk simple
present tense (S + VI). Dalam hal ini yang dikehendaki adalah bentuk negatif simple present : S
+ do/does + not + V1. Jawaban
1. It since afternoon

a)
b)
c) Has been raining

Is
Was

raining
raining

2. I write the letter tomorrow morning.

a)
b)
c) Had

Will

Will
be

3. I - before she knocked the door.

a)
b)
c) Have finished

Had
Would

finished
finish

4. She smart ways in his work.

a)
b)
c) Was taking

Take
Takes

5. Its time we
a)
b)
c) Will leave

Had

6. I will say to my father when I time.

Left
gone

a)
b)
c) Had

Will

Have
have

7. Budi told me that he - his homework.

a)
b)
c) Will finish

Had

Finished
finished

8. I would rather you till Saturday.

a)
b)
c) Will stay

Stay
Stayed

9. I wish I Javaneese.
a)
b)
c) Had spoken

Speak
Spoke

10. The sun in the east.

a)
b)
c) Rose
Answers

1.

It has been raining since afternoon.

2.

I will write the letter tommorow morning.

3.

I had finished before she knocked the door.

4.

She takes smart ways in his work.

5.

Its time we left.

Rise
Rises

6.

I will say to my father when I have time.

7.

Budi told me that he had finished his homework.

8.

I would rather you stayed till saturday.

9.

I wish I spoke Javaneese.

10. The sun rises in the eas

Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech
Tense Change | Time Change | Pronoun Change
Reporting Verbs | Use of 'That'

We often have to give information about what people say or think. In order to do this you can use
direct or quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech.
Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations", she said.
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what
the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech,
we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke
originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
For example:
Direct speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he

Indirect speech
He said he was going to the cinema.

said.
Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left
changes to the tense on the right):
Direct speech

Indirect speech

Present simple
She said, "It's cold."

She said it was cold.

Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online."

She said she was teaching English online.

Present perfect simple

She said, "I've been on the web since
1999."

She said she had been on the web since 1999.

Past simple

Past continuous

Past perfect simple

Present perfect continuous

She said, "I've been teaching English for
seven years."

Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday."

She said she had taught online yesterday.

Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier."

She said she had been teaching earlier.

Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started
when he arrived."
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for
five minutes."

Past perfect continuous

She said she had been teaching English for seven
years.
Past perfect

Past perfect continuous

Past perfect
NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already
started when he arrived.

Past perfect continuous

NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been
teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech

Indirect speech
would
She said she would teach English online
tomorrow.

will
She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."

can

could

She said, "I can teach English online."

She said she could teach English online.

must
She said, "I must have a computer to teach
English online."

had to
She said she had to have a computer to teach
English online.

shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?"

She asked what we should learn today.

may
She said, "May I open a new browser?"

She asked if she might open a new browser.

should

might

!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.
Direct speech
"I might go to the cinema", he
said.

Indirect speech
He said he might go to the cinema.

You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e.
my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:Direct speech

Indirect speech

She said her name was Lynne.

"My name is Lynne", she said.

or
She said her name is Lynne.

You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.
Direct speech (exact quote)
"Next week's lesson is on
reported speech", she said.

Indirect speech (not exact)

She said next week's lesson will be on reported

speech.

- See more at:

http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html#sthash.TJEEJgHX.dpuf

Direct speech:
Aria
said,
I
will
give
you
a
Aria berkata, Aku akan memberimu sebuah buku bulan depan.
Indirect Speech:

book

next

week.

Aria
said
that
he
would
give
me
a
book
the
Aria mengatakan bahwa dia akan memberi ku sebuah buku bulan depan.

following

week.

bank

Direct speech:
He
said,
I
work
Dia berkata, Saya bekerja di sebuah Bank

in

Indirect speech:
He
said
that
he
Dia berkata bahwa dia bekerja di sebuah bank.

worked

in

bank.

Direct speech:
They
said,
We
are
going
Dia berkata, Kami akan pergi ke pantai besok

to

beach

tomorrow

Indirect speech:
They
said
that
they
were
going
to
Dia berkata bahwa mereka akan pergi ke pantai besok

beach

the

following

day.

Direct speech:
She
said,
Dia berkata, Aku sedih saat ini

am

sad

now

Indirect Speech:
She
said
that
Dia berkata bahwa dia sedih saat itu.

she

was

sad

then.

Direct speech:
I
said,
John
has
been
waiting
for
Aku berkata, John sudah menunggu kamu selam dua jam

you

since

two

hours

Indirect Speech:
I
said
that
John
had
been
waiting
for
Aku berkata bahwa John sudah meunggunya selama dua jam.
Direct speech:

you

for

two

hours.

I
told
Jerry,
I
can
fix
this
Aku memberitahu Jerry, Aku dapat memperbaiki computer ini segera.

computer

soon

Indirect speech:
I
told
to
him
that
I
could
fix
this
computer
Aku memberitahu dia bahwa aku bisa memperbaiki komputer ini segera.

immediately.

Direct speech:
Marry
told
us,
I
have
Marry memberitahu kami , Aku harus pergi saat ini

to

go

now

Indirect speech:
Marry
told
to
us
that
she
Marry memberitahu kami bahwa dia harus pergi saat itu.

had

to

go

then.

Jika Verb di reporting sentence present maka verb di reported sentence tidak berubah
Direct speech:
John
tells
Anne
I
will
pick
you
up
at
seven
oclock
John memberitahu Anne, Aku akan menjemputmu pada jam 7 malam malam ini.

tonight

Indirect speech:
John told to Anne that he will pick her up at seven
John memberitahu Anne bahwa dia akan menjemput dia jam 7 malam itu.

oclock

tonight.

Direct speech:
Andy
says
I
have
had
lunch
Andy berkata, Aku sudah makan siang dengan John tadi

with

John

recently

Indirect speech:
Andy
said
to
marry
that
he
has
had
Andy berkata kepada Marry bahwa dia telah sarapan tadi.

lunch

with

John

recently.

Direct Speech:
My
mother
says,
This
flower
needs
Ibuku berkata, Bunga ini butuh disiram sering-sering
Indirect Speech:

to

be

watering

frequently

My
mother
said
that
this
flower
needs
Ibuku berkata bahwa bunga ini butuh disiram teratur.

to

be

watering

frequently.

Direct speech:
My
brother
tells
to
me,
I
am
reading
Saudaraku memberitahuku, aku sedang membaca buku sekarang

book

now

Indirect speech:
My
brother
told
to
me
that
he
is
reading
a
Saudaraku memberitahuku bahwa dia sedang membaca sebuah buku saat ini.

book

then.

Advertisement
Command/Perintah
Direct speech
He
asked
me
Dia meminta ku, Tolong buka pinu!

Open

the

door

please!

Indirect speech
He
asked
me
to
Dia memintaku untuk membeuka pintu.

open

the

door

please.

Direct speech
My
father
told
me,
Dont
Ayahku memberitahuku, Jangan pulang terlambat!

come

home

late!

Indirect speech
My
father
told
to
me
not
Ayahku memberitahuku untuk tidak pulang terlambat.

to

come

home

late.

Direct speech
Teacher
asked
me,
Open
Guru meinta ku, Buka halaman 23 sekarang!

the

page

23

now!

Indirect speech
Teachers
asked
us
to
open
Guru memintaku untuk membuka halaman 23 saat itu.

the

page

23

then.

Direct speech
Andy
asked
Dont
Andy memintaku, Jangan tinggalkan aku sendiri!

leave

me

alone!

Indirect speech
Andy
asked
that
to
not
Andy memintaku untuk tidak meninggalkannya sendiri.

leave

him

alone.

Direct speech
My
uncle
told
me
Come
and
visit
Pamanku memberitahuku, Datang dan kunjungi kami bulan depan!

us

next

week!

Indirect speech
My uncle told to me to come and visit them the following
Pamanku memberitahuku untuk datang dan mengunjungi mereka bulan depan.

week.

Jika Verb di reporting sentence present maka verb di reported sentence tidak berubah
Direct speech
She
tells
him,
Dia memberitahunya, jangan menyentuhku!

Dont

touch

me!

Indirect speech
She
told
to
him
Dia memberitahunya untuk tidak menyentuhnya.

not

to

touch

me.

Direct speech
His
father
asks,
Ayahnya mengatakan, Belajar yang giat!

Study

hard!

Indirect speech
His
father
asked
him
ayahnya berkata kepadanya untuk belajar giat.

to

study

hard.

Direct speech
The
gardener
tells
me
dont
step
Si tukang kebun memberitahuku, Jangan menginjak rumput!

on

the

grass!

Indirect speech
The
gardener
told
to
me
not
to
step
Si tukang kebun memberitahuku untuk tidak menginjak rumput.

on

the

grass.

Direct speech
John
tells
John memberitahu Marry, cepat!

Marry,

Hurry

up!

Indirect speech
John
told
to
John memberitahu Marry untuk cepat.

marry

to

hurry

up.

late

today?

Question/Pertanyaan
Direct speech
John
asked
Marry,
Why
do
you
John menanyai Marry, Kenapa kamu datang terlambat hari ini?

come

Indirect speech
John
asked
Marry
why
she
came
John menanyai marry kenapa dia datang terlamba hari itu.

late

that

day.

Direct speech
I
asked
my
uncle,
When
will
you
visit
Aku menanyai pamanku, kapan kau akan mengunjungi kami di sini?

us

here?

Indirect speech
I
asked
my
uncle
when
he
would
Aku menanyai pamanku kapan dia akan mengunjungi kami di sini.

visit

us

here.

Direct speech
My
mother
asked
me,
Where
are
Ibuku menanyaiku, Dimana aku berada kemarin malam?

you

last

night?

Indirect speech
My
mother
asked
me
where
Ibuku menanyaiku dimana aku berada malam itu.

was

that

night.

Direct speech
Andy
asked
me,
Have
you
Andy menanyaiku, Sudahkah aku menyelesaikan PR?

finished

the

homework?

Indirect speech
Andy
asked
me
if
I
had
Andy menanyaiku apakah aku telah menyelesaikan PR.

finished

the

homework.

Direct speech
My
brother
told
to
me,
Saudaraku memberitahuku, Apakah aku baik-baik saja?

Are

you

okay?

Indirect speech
My
brother
told
to
me
whether
Saudaraku menanyaiku apakah Aku baik baik saja?

was

okay

or

not.

Direct speech
Aria
asked
John,
Can
you
be
quiet
Aria menanyai John, Dapatkah kamu dia untuk beberapa saat?

for

while?

Indirect speech
Aria
asked
John
if
he
could
be
quiet
Aria menanyai John apakah dia bisa tenang untuk beberapa saat.

for

while.

Direct speech
I
asked
John,
Does
you
want
Aku menanyai John, Apakah kamu mau ikut kami?

to

come

with

us?

Indirect speech
I
told
John
whether
he
wanted
Aku menanyai John apakah dia mau ikut denagn kami.

to

come

with

us.

Pengertian, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice

Soal Passive Voice

Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana
subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of
action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. Sebaliknya, pada
konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku
aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb
(diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:

Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being),
kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary
dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been); sedangkan past participle yang digunakan
berupa kata kerja transitive.
Contoh:

She cant drive a car. (active voice, transitive).

He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular
atau irregular.
Contoh:

play (base form) > played (past participle)

sing (base form) > sung (past participle)

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen
Subject

be

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice

PP

am paid

I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)

the red velvet

recipe

is

The red velvet recipe is used by many people.

(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak
orang.)

all of my shoes

are washed

large amounts of
meat and milk

Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by

consum many people in the countries.
are
ed
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh
banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)

the book

was edited

The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.

(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

the books

wer
edited
e

The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.

(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

used

All of my shoes are washed every month.

(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa
kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak
wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah
sebagai berikut.
Contoh:

I have a great new idea. > tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea
is had by me.

The snack contains aspartame. > tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan:

Aspartame is contained by the snack.

Soal Passive Voice

Page: 1 2 3

Table of Contents:
1. Pengertian dan Rumus Passive Voice (Intro)
2. Penggunaan dan Contoh Passive Voice
3. Passive pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund
Related Posts:

Passive Voice pada Intransitive Verb (Prepositional Passive)

Get-Passive

Passivization (Active -> Passive)

Short Passive (Agentless Passive)

Passive Voice di Simple Present Tense

Panduan Belajar Passive Voice

23
Semoga penjelasan materi passive voice ini bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada
kekurangan.
References:
1. The Passive.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv65
.shtml. Accessed on March 6, 2013.
2. Passive Voice. http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/passive-voice/. Accessed
on March 6, 2013.
3. Active/Passive Voice. http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm. Accessed
on March 6, 2013.
4. The Passive Voice. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm.
Accessed on March 6, 2013.
5. Passive Voice: When to Use It and When to Avoid
It. http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/style-and-editing/passive-voice.
Accessed on March 6, 2013.

Reported speech terbagi menjadi dua bagian :

Indirect speech (kalimat tak langsung)

Adalah kalimat yang digunakan ketika kita ingin menceritakan kembali ucapan orang lain,tapi
apa yang kita ucapkan tidaklah sama persis dengan orang yang ditirukan,tetapi maksudnya sama.
Contoh: She said that she was angry.

Direct speech (kalimat langsung)

Adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengutip langsung ataupun menirukan ucapan orang
lain ,yang isisnya sama persis dengan apa yang orang itu ucapkan. Ciri-cirinya ada tanda kutip di
awal dan akhir kalimat.
Contoh: She said, I am angry.

Cara Penulisan reported Speech

Dalam menulis reported speech ada yang disebut Main Clause(induk kalimat) dan SubClause(anak kalimat)
Contoh:She said that he was happy
MC

SC
Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam Menulis Reported Speech:

Dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect speech, ada beberapa langkah mudah yang harus
dilakukan:
Sp. Pres./Pr perf/S. fut.
_________

Perubahan : Pronoun

, ______________________________ .
MC

Sp. Past

SC

Perubahan : tenses,pronoun,adverb

Perubahan-Perubahan tenses ketika MC berupa Sp. Past

Tenses di Sub clause

direct

Tenses di Sub clause

indirect

Sp. Present

Sp. Past

Pr. Continuous

Ps. Continuous

Pr. Perfect/pr perf cont

Ps. Perf/ps. perf continuous

Sp. Past

Ps .perfect

Ps. Cont

Ps. Perf cont

Ps. Perf/ps. perf cont

Sp. Future

Ps. Future

Ps. Future cont.

Ps. Future cont.

Perubahan adverb ketika MC berupa Sp. Past

Adverb ketika direct Adverb ketika indirect

Today

That day

Yesterday

The day before

The day before

yesterday

Two days before

Tomorrow

The next day/the following

day

The day after tomorrow In two days time

Next week/year

The following week/year

A year ago

A year before

Now

Then

Ada beberapa bentuk reported speech:

1. Statement (kalimat berita) dengan kata hubung that dan bisa dihilangkan.
Contoh:

She said,The bus will arrive tomorrow morning

She said (that)the train would arrive tomorrow morning

2.Yes/no questions dengan kata hubung if/whether +S + V
Contoh:

They ask me,Will you go to Jakarta?.

they ask me whether I will go to Jakarta

S

V
3. Question words

Dalam question word hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah dengan ditambah kata hubung seperti
Question words +S + V
Contoh: They asked him, What are you looking for?
They asked her what he was looking for
S

V
4. Imperative/request(perintah/permintaan)

Imperrative yang verbal (+) with to infinitive

Contoh:

She said,clean the table !.

She said to clean the table

Imperrative yang verbal (-) with not to infinitive

Contoh:

She said,Dont tell someone!

She asked not to tell someone

Imperrative yang nominal (+) with to be

Contoh:

Mom said to me,Spend money wisely

She said to me to be wise to spend money

Imperrative yang nominal (-) with not to be

Contoh:

The lectures said,Dont be late!.

The lectures said not to be late