International organization for standardization

Organisation Internationale de Normalisation

Internationale Normenorganisation

ISO/TC 213/WG 17

Date:

Facilitation of GPS
implementation

Convenor:
E-mail:

http://www.ds.dk/isotc213
E-mail: hhk@ds.dk

2006-01-15

N 040 rev 4

Mr. Kim Spence

kim.spence@jcb.com

Secretary:
E-mail:

Mr. Brian Such

Brian.such@bsi-global.com

Preparedat

8th meeting of ISO/TC 213/WG 17

January 2006Charlotte,USA

This header slide not intended for display

Technical Product Specification

A real solution
to
real industry needs.

Welcome
Presentation sponsored by:
ISO/TC 213 Geometrical product specification
Developed by:
ISO/ TC 213/ WG 17
Facilitation of a global TPS system

Programme
In 4 modules

1.
2.
3.
4.

The ISO Technical Committees and their roles.

The case for International Standardization
What is GPS and why the model standard ?
The way forward

Module 1

The ISO Technical Committees

and their roles.

Introduction
This presentation seeks to promote awareness
of the second generation, GPS language
currently being developed by

ISO/ TC 213
Geometric product specifications

Introduction (continued)

Coordination between
ISO/TC 213 and other ISO committees working in
related areas, is essential.
TC 1, TC 4
*TC 10, TC 10/SC 1, TC 10/SC 6
TC 69,
TC 176, TC 176/SC 2, TC 176/SC 3
TC 184, TC 184/SC 4
*particular relationship with
ISO/TC 10 Technical product documentation

ISO/TC 10
All aspects of technical product documentation
Coordinated and mutually consistent terminology
Timely standards introduction to meet the needs
of new systems eg 3D CAD software
development

ISO/TC 213

Tool
box - Coordinated system facilitating the
economic management of variability in products
and processes
Reduce costs
Effective communication
(designer manufacturer inspector)
Improve "time to market" performance
Enhance product quality
Optimum allocation of resources

The
elements
of an
Engineering
Drawing

Introduction (summary)

T P D + GP S
=

TPS

Synergy
Mechanical Engineering
worldwide, needs the joint output
of these standards committees
more than ever.

Module 2

The case for

International standardization.

The case for International Standardization

World industry/ business scenario
-increasing tendency to apply:
out-sourcing/sub-contracting
global manufacturing resource
advanced manufacturing techniques
advanced metrology techniques

With what objective?

To provide components of increasing

complexity at a commercially viable cost in
an environment that demands ever improved
time to market.

Internal technical needs

1.

universal language

2.

precise specification

Provided in a manner that improves access and

application

Give us the tools...

Technical Experts
in relevant ISO Standards Committees
have been busy providing the tools

... and well finish the job!

ISO/TC 213/WG 17 experts have also been

developing a tool-box (model standard) to
facilitate take-up of the standards, simplify
identification of the appropriate tool

Application levels

Recent enquiry has shown that,

worldwide, the level of application is
only a fraction of what it should be

Drivers
Increasing use of outsourcing
Increasing use of automated production
Growing reliance on analysis of the virtual
product
Ongoing need for manufacturing cost reduction
Increasing expectation of shorter time to market
Modern metrology makes targeted specification
possible

Drivers!
Major market players
(e.g. National Defence Authorities)
in many parts of the world
are seeking
to enhance specification effectiveness

Application requires investment and

planning
For training and retraining
For implementation
For system change

Tovaryingdegreesdependentuponstartinglevel

But why make such an investment?

Thefinancialcase

The arguments
Potential to reduce scrap and rework costs
Potential to reduce time delays - caused by
poor communication
Potential to reduce quality incidents

risk of disputes with and to lose customers

reduce liability costs

Huge application potential

Global expenditure
on mechanical engineering activity

2003 survey result:

$14 trillion*
( including $25 billion
devoted to measurement activities )

Investment opportunity
Global manufacturing
sector expected to be stable
for at least the next ten years

Global problem
Specification inadequacy is the Achilles heel for
many of todays technologically advanced
companies.
Tighter tolerances can often prove phenomenally
expensive to apply

Global solution
Newly developed functional tolerancing (GPS),
has the potential to reduce tooling, set-up and
manufacturing costs significantly and will
deliver improved time to market through
appropriate application of a comprehensive
technical product specification system

Module 3

What is GPS
and why the Model Standard?

An integrated system for product

specification founded on the principles
and practices of dimensioning and
tolerancing on a geometrical basis.

A real solution
to
real industry needs

and Geometrical Product Specification?

Born out of the need to improve

communication between:
designers
manufacturers
metrologists

by means of a common language with

common understanding
Developed through participation by a significant number of
the worlds industrial nations, under the headline of
ISO/TC 213

Basic(GPS)Framework
Function

Designbrief

Designer

Real
workpiece

Specification
(drawing)

Inspection
output

Production
Engineer

Metrologist

Manufacturing

Inspection

Permits targeted application

Addresses everything from basic drawing rules and

formats to improved surface definition techniques

Use of any particular cross referenced standard,

applicable where relevant to the content of the TPS

So how can the implementation of

the model standard (toolbox)
assist in improving the situation?

The objective for the Model

Standard for TPS (toolbox)
To encourage and facilitate the
implementation of the entire suite of TPS
standards by National Standards Bodies.
integration of the TPS standards into industry.

The model standard

Provides a Comprehensive catalogue and route map to ISO
standards in TPS field.
Reflects the relevant aspects of the design definition
process
Links the related standards to process stages
Identifies
Normative elements
Informative elements

The model standard (continued)

Provides:
cross reference to 100 ISO standards
traceability between relevant ISO standards from
main text and/or standard number
a unified system requiring complete application
across industry
a format that facilitates electronic presentation by
National Standards Bodies either in CD ROM or
On-Line (with relevant standards hyperlinked from
main text)

The model standard (continued)

Provides comprehensive, dynamic coverage

applicable to all presentation formats

e.g. 2D and 3D

focus on application of dimensioning and

tolerancing of Size, Geometry and Surface Texture
also includes suggestion for document security and
electronic document management
Clarifies the GPS principles

The Fundamental Principles

Underpinning
TPS
ISO 17450

The fundamental principles

The operator principle
An operator defines a characteristic based upon
operations.
Specification operators are formulated as virtual
measuring procedures.
Verification operators define the sequence of
operations used during the measuring process.

The fundamental principles (continued)

The duality principle
SPECIFICATION
OPERATOR

VERIFICATION
OPERATOR

SKIN MODEL

REAL SURFACE

Geometrical representation
(infinite set of points)

Set of feature which

physically exists

OPERATION

OPERATION

Partition
Extraction
Filtration
Association
Collection
Construction

Difference
contributes
to
uncertainty

MEASURAND
Characteristics
specification

Physical partition
Physical extraction
Filtration
Association
Collection
Construction

MEASURED VALUE
Characteristics
evaluation
Comparison for
conformance

The fundamental principles (continued)

The default principle
A complete specification operator can be indicated
by the most concise indication for the relevant
geometrical characteristic. This basic geometrical
specification constitutes the default definition of the
specification operator which may not be visible in
the TPD (see TS 17450 - 2).

The fundamental principles (continued)

The reference condition principle
If not otherwise indicated in the TPD, the reference
temperature for the characteristics given in that TPD
is 20o C (see ISO 1).

The fundamental principles (continued)

The uncertainty principle
Within this TPS system, three prime categories of
uncertainty are defined (TS 17450-2)
Correlation uncertainty

(attributed to the designer)

Specification uncertainty

(attributed to the designer)

Measurement uncertainty

(attributed to the metrologist)

The fundamental principles (continued)

Where no prior agreement as to the application of
uncertainty exists, between two (or more) parties

where conformance with a specification is to be proven,

measurement uncertainty (U) reduces the specification to the
conformance zone at both tolerance limits and shall always
be applied in the interest of the customer purchasing the
part.

where non-conformance with a specification is to be proven,

measurement uncertainty (U) expands the tolerance at both
tolerance limits. Uncertainty of measurement shall always
be applied in the interest of manufacturer/ seller of the part.

If you want the benefits

make the investment
Purchase the standard
Invest in the training
Apply the system

Reaptherewards

Module 4

The way forward

It is obvious that possession of the

standards is not enough
To get the most out of the implemented model
standard, it is necessary that it be applied. To do
this companies will need:
A corporate training programme to assist practical
application
Personal training focussed on company products
and existing specification problems
Some form of mentoring to ensure application
remains to the requirements of the standard

How could this be achieved?

Investigate national/company needs in this area,
in the light of the points made in this presentation.
Encourage NSB and industry representative
groups to adopt GPS/TPD concepts through the
development of a National Standard based on ISO
TRXXXX.
Implement programme of national/company
adoption.
Promote and encourage national participation in
the ongoing programmes of work in ISO/TC 10
and TC 213.

Stimulate National Discussion

Establish

The current level of awareness of the Technical

Specification problems actually being experienced in
industry, at the present time.

Level of industry recognition of the benefits that could

accrue from the development / implementation of a
national applications standard, embodying the 100 ISO
standards.

Understanding of the advantages that could result from

(virtually) simultaneous implementation by the widest
possible cross-section of standards bodies around the
world.

Review education / training requirements :

Adequate training resource not readily available
need to plan and source
Consider the risk of doing nothing
Recognise that this will not be a quick-fix
Necessary to work towards the medium term

therefore

Essential to start an introduction process

immediately

Will industry support an implementation

scheme?
There is reason to believe that Industry/ business is
becoming aware that it has a problem in this area,
even if it doesnt fully recognise the nature of the
problem
There is an increase in the number of companies
seeking training , especially in the TPS area
Where such schemes have been introduced, there
is evidence of rapid growth in participation

Beyond training:
recognition of TPS competence

Many companies claim to work to standards, but are rarely challenged to substantiate the claim.

The concept of an accreditation / certification programme could be appropriate in the long term.

Closing Point

Standards adoption
Implementing of the model standard as National
Standards by National Standards Bodies and their
full adoption by industry world wide will facilitate
the sharing of a uniform understanding of the
design intent of products, between specifiers and
verifiers (component suppliers, sub-contractors
and customers) around the world.

Thank you for your attention

Note:
Not intended as part of the presentation.
It is recommended that for audiences constituted primarily of technically oriented
individuals (practising designers, engineers, metrologists), additional modules
presenting information about the detailed technical aspects of the current TPS
standardization programme, should be added.
Information providing example of appropriate content for such modules can be
obtained on request to ISO/TC 213.