Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Authors:
David Lugundu
Maria Helena
Titos de Jesus
Instructional Designer:
Language Reviser:
Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................07
Module objectives............................................................................................................08
Study recommendations..................................................................................................08
Unit 1...............................................................................................................................09
Introduction.....................................................................................................................09
Unit 1 objectives..............................................................................................................09
Leisure activities..............................................................................................................09
Expressing habits and general truth.................................................................................14
Compulsory Reading.......................................................................................................18
Unit 1 Summary...............................................................................................................18
Unit 1 Tasks.....................................................................................................................19
Unit 1 Answer Key..........................................................................................................21
Unit 2...............................................................................................................................24
Introduction.....................................................................................................................24
Unit 2 objectives..............................................................................................................24
Describing feelings..........................................................................................................25
Expressing progressive and temporary actions...............................................................27
Compulsory Reading.......................................................................................................30
Unit 2 Summary...............................................................................................................30
Unit 2 Tasks.....................................................................................................................31
Unit 2 Answer Key..........................................................................................................34
Unit 3...............................................................................................................................38
Introduction.....................................................................................................................38
Unit 3 objectives..............................................................................................................38
Computer What is it?....................................................................................................39
Expressing finished actions.............................................................................................41
Compulsory Reading.......................................................................................................44
Unit 3 Summary...............................................................................................................44
Unit 3 Tasks.....................................................................................................................45
Unit 3 Answer Key..........................................................................................................48
Unit 4...............................................................................................................................51
Introduction.....................................................................................................................51
Unit 4 objectives..............................................................................................................51
Dates and special occasions.............................................................................................51
Expressing opinion and necessity....................................................................................54
Compulsory Reading.......................................................................................................57
Unit 4 Summary...............................................................................................................57
Unit 4 Tasks.....................................................................................................................57
Unit 4 Answer Key..........................................................................................................59
Unit 5...............................................................................................................................62
Introduction.....................................................................................................................62
Unit 5 objectives..............................................................................................................63
Appearances.....................................................................................................................63
Comparative and Superlative adjectives..........................................................................66
Compulsory Reading.......................................................................................................69
Unit 5 Summary...............................................................................................................69
3
Unit 5 Tasks.....................................................................................................................70
Unit 5 Answer Key..........................................................................................................70
Unit 6...............................................................................................................................72
Introduction.....................................................................................................................72
Unit 6 objectives..............................................................................................................73
Intentions and wishes.......................................................................................................73
Predictions Will and Wont..........................................................................................76
Compulsory Reading.......................................................................................................78
Unit 6 Summary...............................................................................................................78
Unit 6 Tasks.....................................................................................................................79
Unit 6 Answer Key..........................................................................................................80
Unit 7...............................................................................................................................82
Introduction.....................................................................................................................82
Unit 7 objectives..............................................................................................................82
The Simple Past...............................................................................................................83
The Present Perfect Tense..............................................................................................87
Compulsory Reading.......................................................................................................89
Unit 7 Summary...............................................................................................................89
Unit 7 Tasks.....................................................................................................................90
Unit 7 Answer Key..........................................................................................................91
Unit 8...............................................................................................................................94
Introduction.....................................................................................................................94
Unit 8 objectives..............................................................................................................94
Countable and Uncountable Nouns.................................................................................95
4
Unit 9.............................................................................................................................106
Introduction...................................................................................................................106
Unit 8 objectives............................................................................................................107
Hobbies and Interests.....................................................................................................107
Gerund...........................................................................................................................109
Unit 9 Summary.............................................................................................................109
Unit 9 Tasks...................................................................................................................111
Unit 9 Answer Key........................................................................................................113
Unit 10...........................................................................................................................116
Introduction...................................................................................................................116
Unit 10 objectives..........................................................................................................116
Present Simple Passive..................................................................................................119
Past Simple Passive.......................................................................................................120
Unit 10 Tasks.................................................................................................................121
Unit 10 Answer Key......................................................................................................123
Unit 11...........................................................................................................................126
Introduction...................................................................................................................126
Unit 11 objectives..........................................................................................................126
Present Perfect Continuous............................................................................................129
5
Unit 12...........................................................................................................................138
Introduction...................................................................................................................138
Unit 12 objectives..........................................................................................................139
Money Facts..................................................................................................................139
Compulsory Reading.....................................................................................................141
Unit 11 Summary...........................................................................................................141
Unit 12 Tasks.................................................................................................................142
Unit 12 Answer Key......................................................................................................143
Introduction
Module Objectives
By the end of this Module, you will be able to:
talk using your linguistic competence attained throughout
general schooling formative years;
Study Recommendations:
Study recommendations are some pieces of advice on how you
should take your lessons, given that, you will have to do it almost
certainly alone. Thus, throughout your studies you will have to
ensure that certain conditions are set beforehand so that the learning
process is carried out smoothly. First of all you must bear in mind
that the learning process should not happen randomly, that means you
must plan the days for your module study. Then get seated in an
environmentally suitable place for learning and avoid noisy places as
you might get distracted.
To aid your studies, you will need a good Dictionary and a Grammar
book if possible. Make sure you follow all the instructions given as
well as the length of time recommended for each lesson.
8
Do not forget to check the answer key ONLY and ONLY after
answering the exercises.
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn about different kinds of leisure activities. You
will also learn to describe and talk about them and about the frequency
of doing them. In addition, you will learn to express your habits,
routines and general truth.
UNIT 1 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
1. Level one
a) Read this text carefully and find out what Diana usually does in her free
time. You can note down or underline in the text the activities that Diana
Does. After having understood the text, do the exercises that follow.
Diana Rumson is 21 years old. She lives in Norway but studies in Birmingham,
9
England. She doesnt have free time on weekdays. At weekends she does many
leisure activities because she has enough time. She normally goes to picnics with
friends. When its hot, she goes to the beach in the afternoon. She doesnt like
swimming but she likes sunbathing a lot. Diana also likes sports. She plays football,
basketball and volleyball. On Saturdays morning, she often plays football near the
garden with her friends. She only plays basketball and volleyball at school as
physical education. In winter she sometimes goes skiing. She enjoys skiing generally
between February and May. Diana rarely rides a bicycle but she enjoys horse
mounting. She also prefers playing video games and listening to music than reading
or going to cinema.
Lugundu, 2011
b) Which activities does Diana do as pastime? Tick the activities that the
text says Diana does. You can add activities from the text which are not
in the list below. After you have finished the exercises, compare your
answers to the one presented in d.1. It is strongly recommended that
you checked your answers only after completing the exercises.
Climbing
playing tennis
Swimming
skiing
Playing football
running
Listening to music
playing basket
Reading
going to cinema
Playing volleyball
fishing
Riding a horse
playing video games
Riding bicycle.
sailing
Watching TV
going to the gym
___________
____________
___________
___________
c) Study again the activities Diana usually does. Match the activities with
the pictures below. You can use a Portuguese/ English dictionary to find
the meaning of the activities before matching them with the pictures.
Then compare your answers with the answers in section d.2 below.
10
d) Answers to b) c). Use the answers below to correct the answers you
provided for exercise b) and c) above. It is strongly recommended to do
the exercises in b) and c) before looking at the answers in d.1 and
d.2 below.
11
Climbing
Swimming
playing football
listening to music
reading
playing volleyball
riding a horse
riding bicycle.
watching TV
going to picnic
sunbathing
playing tennis
skiing
running
playing basketball
going to cinema
fishing
playing video game
sailing
going to the gym
going to the beach
L
M
N
O
P
Q
J
I
Fishing
Playing football
Doing the gym
Riding a bicycle
Reading
Playing video game
Playing tennis
Sailing
2. level two
e) Look at the text in a) again and match each question in box A with its
answer in box B:
Box A
Box B
Look at the questions in Box A again. You must have noticed that some words
are in bold (very black) such as where?, when?, at what time?, who with?,
why?
We use WHERE in questions to ask the PLACE where the action
12
Look at the sentences below taken from the text about Diana
in lesson 1 above.
1. Diana lives in Norway but she studies in Birmingham, England.
2. Diana plays football, basketball and volleyball.
3. She goes to the beach when it is hot
In the sentences above, we describe what Diana does as habit
(sentence 2 and 3) and we describe something that is permanently
(always) true in Dianas life (sentence 1)
In sentence 1, Diana lives and studies indicates something that is
permanent and true. Here are some other examples
about something true and permanent:
13
All the 4 sentences above are in the negative form. The use of dont
and doesnt makes them negative. Correct the sentence below
1. Ann dont eat meat. Ann _______________________ meat.
14
Note the use of dont and doesnt: doesnt is at the 3rd person of
singular as we explained in the previous section. When doesnt is
used, the s of 3rd person is not used. Example:
1. Gina loves you. But, Gina doesnt love you.
d) If you understood section (c) above, this section will be easier
for you. Now study the sentences below
1. Do you smoke?
2. Does your mother (she) speak English?
3. Do they know you?
In the sentences above (1, 2, 3) we make use of DO/ DOES to ask
questions. In sentence 1 we want to know if you smoke. In
sentence 2 we want to know if your mother speaks English and in
sentence 3 we want to know if they know you.
Study the sentences below:
1. I don't smoke.
Do you smoke?
2. She doesnt love you.
Does she love you?
You must have noticed that we say I dont, she doesnt (negative)
but we say do you?, does she? (question). In English we normally
invert subject/ verb (do you?, does he?) when we ask a question.
Level two.
a) Read the sentences below. While reading, consider the words
in bold.
1. I always wake up at 6 oclock in the morning
2. Diana often plays football near the garden
3. Sandra usually visits the Zoo with her family
4. Diana sometimes goes skiing in winter.
In the sentences above we say how often or how frequently the
subject (I, Diana, Sandra) does the action. In the 4 sentences above
the words such as ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY and
SOMETIMES show the frequency of the action. These words,
and many others, are called adverbs of frequency. They answer the
question how often? Or how frequently? For example:
1. How often does Diana go skiing in winter?
Diana sometimes goes skiing in winter.
15
Always
usually
Frequently
often
sometimes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
seldom
never
Occasionally
16
Compulsory Readings
Murphy, R. (1997) Essential Grammar in Use. A self-study
reference and practice book for elementary students of English,
Cambridge. CUP
Unit 1 Summary
In this unit we discussed different kinds of leisure activities. You
learned to describe and ask about them, say when, where and how
often you do leisure activities. You additionally learned to describe
routines and habits and frequency (using the simple present and
expressions of frequency).
The objective was to enable you (the learner) to get different leisure
related expressions so that, by using the simple present (I do) and the
adverbs of frequency (usually), you can be able to say how often you
do things.
e.g. I always do the housework.
Unit 1 Tasks
Activity 1
1. Write the correct form of the verb in bracket for each sentence
below
Diana prefers _________________ (play) video game and
_____________ (listen) to music than _________________(read)
books and ________________ (go) to cinema.
17
Activity 2
1. Ask question to each answer below
1. __________________________________________________
_______________? I play volleyball every Sunday.
2. __________________________________________________
_______________? I live with my grandparents.
3. __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________?
I prefer playing video game because it is more interesting.
4. _________________________________________________?
I listen to music at home
5. _________________________________________________?
I go to the beach in the Afternoon
Activity 3:
a) Put the verb in bracket in the right form to give the sentence a
correct meaning. The first is already done as example
1.
2.
3.
4.
example.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b)
1.
2.
3.
4.
19
Activity 1.
1. Write the correct form of the verb in bracket for each
sentence below
playing
listening
reading
going
2. Choose the right word to complete the sentence
swimming
sunbathing
a bicycle
horse mounting
Activity 3
a) Put the verb in bracket in the right form to give
the sentence a clear meaning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
smokes
repairs
live
arrest
speak
likes
Activity 4
a) Tick the correct sentences. Cross the incorrect
ones
1. X
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. X
3.
4.
5.
6.
UNIT 2
INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn to describe your and other peoples
feelings and sensations. In unit one you learned to express
customary actions. In this unit you will also learn to describe
temporary and progressive actions.
UNIT 2 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
22
DESCRIBING FEELINGS
Level one:
a) Normally, human undergo emotional and physical sensations.
These feelings may result from illness, bad news, etc.
Now, tell me. What can you feel if you fail the class?
Happy or Sad? In these situations you can say:
1. I am sad. (Or I am feeling sad)
2. I am happy. (I am feeling happy)
You can also say why you are or feel sad or happy.
For example:
1. I am sad because I failed the class. Or I am feeling
sad because I failed the class
2. I am happy because I passed the class. Or I am
feeling happy because I passed the class.
The following words can also be used to describe feeling. Use an
English/ Portuguese dictionary to find the meaning of each of
them.
Tired, scared, afraid, angry, hungry, bored, disappointed,
embarrassed, excited, impatient, well, fine, nervous,
relaxed, surprised, worried, ill, thirsty, glad, etc.
Here are some example:
After working too much, you can say:
1. I am tired (I am feeling tired)
2. Naira is very tired (is feeling very tired) because she
worked too much.
If you see a snake in your house, you can say:
1. I am scared. OR I am scared of the snake.
2. I am afraid. OR, I am afraid of the snake.
3. Laura is scared (Laura is afraid).
23
Paulo is ________________________________
Mayra and Cynthia are _____________________
We are all _______________________________
My parents are very _______________________
You are ________________________________
Read this text carefully and answer the questions that follow
I am always happy when all my family meets at my Grandpas home in
Bilene Macia. But I also feel very sad when I see my cousins alone since
their mother passed away and their father is permanently ill. When we
meet, my cousins and I usually play hide-and-seek in my grannys field.
When she sees us playing in her field she gets very angry and punishes
us. We dont feel hungry or thirsty when we are at our grandmas. She
cooks and makes banana juice for us. We also relax and respire fresh air
of the mountains. The last time I visited my grandparents, my uncle
Simon got very surprised to see me. The last time he saw me I was only
5 years but I am now 16. Uncle Simon doesnt visit relatives and he is
ashamed of that. When people ask him why he doesnt visit he usually
gets nervous and embarrassed. My father once said he is disappointed
with his brothers behaviour.
Lugundu, 2011
Check:
Grandpa: grandfather
Grandma/ Granny:
Grandmother
above as model.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
26
You live with your parents in Museu/ Polana. So, you live
(permanently) in Museu/ Polana. But, during your school
holidays you take 2 months to stay with your grandmother in
Matola. In this situation you can say: I am living OR I am
staying with my grandmother in Matola. (temporary)
Here is another example:
study the sentence below then Answer the questions that follow.
27
assisting prisoners.
a) What do we normally do?__________________________
b) What are we doing this month? ______________________
________________________________________________
c) Between a) and b) above, which one is regular action and
which is temporary?________________________________
Compulsory Readings
Soars, L&J (1996) New Headway Pre- Intermediate
students book, Oxford.OUP:
Murphy, R. (1997) Essential Grammar in Use. A selfstudy reference and practice book for elementary students
of English, Cambridge. CUP.
Unit 2 Summary
In this unit you learned to describe feelings and sensations by using
different ideas that express feeling such as be happy, worried, etc.
when describing a feeling, you may also say why you have such a
feeling. E.g. I am unhappy because George left me.
In this unit we also learned to describe progressive and temporary
actions. To describe progressive and temporary actions we make use
of the present continuous (I am doing). We learned that the context
determines whether the action is temporary or just happening at the
moment of speaking.
e.g. - She is planting maize. (it may be now or around now all
this week).
He lost his camera. So, he is using mine until he buys another. (he
28
Unit 2 Tasks
Activity 1
Use the words in the table below to answer the questions. Remember to
use your dictionary to see the meanings of the words to answer the
questions correctly. After answering all the questions, you can compare
your answers to the answers in the answer key below. Remember, you
can only use the answer key after completing the exercises.
Tired, scared, afraid, angry, hungry, bored, disappointed,
embarrassed, excited, ashamed, impatient, well, relaxed
nervous, surprised, worried, ill, thirsty, glad, lonely, etc.
a) What do you normally feel in the situation below:
1. When you are at home watching TV? _______________
______________________________________________
2. Just before an important exam? ____________________
______________________________________________
3. If you have to speak in front of a lot of people? _______
______________________________________________
4. If you have to wait for long time in a shop? __________
______________________________________________
5. If you lose your wallet? __________________________
_____________________________________________
6. If you go to a big concert at Coconut? ______________
_____________________________________________
7. If you miss your bus? ___________________________
_____________________________________________
8. If you see a big snake? __________________________
9. If your girlfriend cancels your program? ____________
_____________________________________________
29
7. _e_a_ _d
2. _ _p_t_ _n_
8. t_i_ _t_
3. _ _r_d
9. _ _r_o_ s
10. a_ h_ _e_
5. w_r_ _e_
11. l_ _e_y
6. e_ _a_r_ _s _d
12 _u_ _r_
Activity 2
a) Write the ING FORM of these verbs.
1. Break_______
clean_______
wash________ live______
30
2. Come________
die________
enjoy_______
go________
3. Make ________
play ______
sing _______
jump ______
4. Write ________
start ______
get ________
feel _______
5. Begin ________
put _______
hit _________
rain ___
6. Rob ________
shop ______
dream ______
sleep ______
7. Shout _______
sit ________
stand _______
talk _______
8. Turn ________
open ______
visit _______
forget ______
___________________________________________?
4. What / we / watch? ___________________________?
5. Where / they / stay? ___________________________?
6. Why / we / sit in the dark? ______________________
____________________________________________
7. Where / they / wait? __________________________?
8. What / you / sell? _____________________________?
e) Rewrite these sentences so as to give them clear meaning.
Use the Simple Present or Present Continuous tenses
1. Usually/she/work/at the office, but this week she/work/
at
home_________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. You/ not/ eat/ very much/at the moment. Are you ill?
_____________________________________________
3. I travel/ to Chicago/ this year, but every/ year/ I travel/ to
British Columbia_______________________________
_____________________________________________
4. A: Where ............................... (you/work)?
I ....................... (work) in a big shop.
B:
32
Sad
2.
angry
3.
cynic
4.
fine
5.
Disappointed
7. relaxed
2. impatient
8. thirsty
33
3. tired
9. nervous
4. surprised
10. ashamed
5. worried
11. lonely
6. embarrassed
12 hungry
Activity 2
clean/ cleaning
wash/ washing
live/ living
Come/ coming
die/ dying
enjoy/ enjoying
go/ going
Make/ making
play/ playing
sing/ singing
jump/ jumping
Write/ writing
start/ starting
get/ getting
feel/ feeling
Begin/ beginning
put/ putting
hit/ hitting
rain/ raining
Rob/ robbing
Shout/ shouting
sit/ sitting
Turn/ turning
open/ opening
visit/ visiting
forget/ forgetting
b) Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the present continuous tense
1. John and I are staying in a beautiful hotel.
2. Kevin is working at home today.
3. I am waiting or a very important letter.
4. You are walking too fast.
5. We are planning our next holiday.
6. The girls are visiting their grandmother today.
7. She is reading in her bedroom at the moment.
8. The baby is learning how to walk
34
35
UNIT 3
INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn about computer, what it is and what it
does. You will also learn all its necessary parts and to describe them.
In addition, you will learn to describe finished actions by using the
simple past tense.
UNIT 3 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit you will be able to:
-
36
a) Before you read the text about computer below, think and write
in the box below some importance and use of a computer you
know.
b) Now
text
__________________________________
_
__________________________________
_
__________________________________
_
__________________________________
_
__________________________________
_
read
the
below
carefully
and
answer the
questions that follow. After you have answered all the questions
from 1 to 6, you can compare your answers with the answers
given in the answer key a)
What is a computer?
1. Read the first paragraph then write down what the paragraph says
we can do with a computer. Compare the uses and importance you
wrote in the box in a) to the ones you wrote from paragraph 1.
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. What you wrote in 1. Above is what you can do with a computer.
Read paragraph 1 again and find out what a computer is able to do
(there are 3 verbs) then write it here
A computer is able to: __________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3. Use an English/ Portuguese dictionary to find the equivalents of the
verbs you found in 2 above and write them in Portuguese here
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. Read paragraph 2 of the text. How many basic parts does a
computer have? What are they? Give an example from the text for
each basic part
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. Read paragraph 3 of the text. Find all the types of computer and
write them here. Which of them do you know?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
6. When was the first electronic computer developed? How tall was it
and how much it weighed?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
39
lived
40
stopped at lunchtime
Some verbs are irregular (not regular). The past simple is
not ed. For example:
Begin
began, buy
bought, come
came,
go
went, eat
ate, get
got, etc. (for more
irregular verbs, see the complete list at the end of this
module.)
For example:
Yes, I did
41
Compulsory Readings
Sween, S. et al (2004) Professional English - English
365,Cambrige. CUP.
Murphy, R. (1997) Essential Grammar in Use. A selfstudy reference and practice book for elementary students
of English, Cambridge. CUP.
Unit 3 Summary
In this unit we discussed the importance of a computer and all its
necessary parts. We saw that a computer is made up of two main
parts, hardware and software. We also described different types of
computer such as game consoles and servers.
Further in this unit, we learned how to describe past actions or
completed actions in the past. We normally express finished actions
by using the simple past. With regular verbs, the past simple is
42
Unit 3 Tasks
43
Activity 1
This is a continuation of the exercises you have already
done above
1. A small object which you use to move the cursor around
the screen is a __________
2. The ___________ prints texts and pictures
3. The part that shows what you are doing on a computer is
a ____________________
4. The _____________ is the device you tap with text.
5. The small device that gives sound on your computer is
_______________________
6. A _________________ reads CD and DVDs when
inserted in it
7. A _________________ reads a floppy disc when inserted
in it.
8. It reads flash memory cars. It's a __________________
Activity 2
Read the text below carefully. While reading, underline
all the verbs that are in the simple past, then write their
infinitives below. Remember to check your answers in the
answer key.
FRELIMO was founded in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on 25 June
1962. With the help of China, the URSS and some Scandinavian
countries, FRELIMO formed a very strong guerilla which fought
vigorously against the Portuguese regime. In 1975 Portugal and
FRELIMO negotiated Mozambique's independence, which came
into effect in June of that year. FRELIMO then established a oneparty state based on Marxist principles with Samora Machel as
President. The new government received diplomatic and some
military support from Cuba and the Soviet Union.
In Wiki 2010, modified by David Lugundu
_____________________
_____________________
______________________
___________________
_____________________
____________________
_____________________
_____________________
44
see _______________
Clean _____________
do ________________
Live ______________
go ________________
Wash _____________
sing _______________
____________at
7h30
and
46
d) Parts of a computer
1. mouse
2. printer
3. screen/ monitor
4. keyboard
5. speaker
6. CD/ DVD Drive
7. Floppy Drive
8. Flash memory card reader
a) Read the text below carefully. While reading, underline all the
verbs that are in the simple past, the write their infinitives
below. Remember to check your answers in the answer key.
was found (passive) = to find
came = to come
formed = to form
established = to establish
fought = to fight
received = to receive
negotiated = to negotiate
48
happen
live
open play
rain smoke
watched
cleaned
started, finished
happened
wanted
lived
enjoyed, stayed
rained
UNIT 4
49
INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn about dates and special occasions. You
will lean to describe different occasions. You will also learn how
people in other parts of the world celebrate some special occasions.
Still in this unit, you will learn to express opinion and give advice.
UNIT 4 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
Express necessity.
TIME LENGTH: 4 Hours
2. Ramadan ______
50
___________
7. Thanksgiving Day ________
_________
17. St Valentines
9. Easter _________
_____
Wedding __________
Olympics __________
African cup of nations _____
African games openings ______
Secondary school finalist party __
Graduation party _____
baptism party __
engagement party ___
birthday party _____
goodbye party ____
chrism party _____
golden wedding party __
Birthday traditions
In china, everyone celebrates their birthday on new years day. They
become one year older on that day. On a childs second birthday, family
members put a variety of objects on the floor around the child.
According to Chinese tradition, the first object that the child picks up
tells what profession he will choose later in life.
In Mozambique and most African counties however, the situation is
different. Everyone normally celebrates birthday on their specific
birthdays. Friends and relatives offer different presents and in some cases
birthday parties are held.
Cutting Edge, Modified by David Lugundu
Perfumes ___________
Dolls _______________
Pair of shoes _________
Sweets ___________
Books ______________
Best
Happy
Marry
Congratulations
Good
Good health
Thank you
54
Attention
Have to + infinitive = have to sleep, he has to do, he has to leave
(not he has to does, he has to leaves)
Compulsory Reading
Murphy, R. (1997) Essential Grammar in Use. A self-study
reference and practice book for elementary students of English,
Cambridge. CUP
Unit 4 Summary
Here we learnt about dates and special occasions. We discussed
different important dates and public holidays in Mozambique and
learnt how people celebrate special occasions in some parts of the
world including Mozambique.
Additionally, we leant how to express opinion and necessity by using
should and have to.
Unit 4 Tasks
d) Cross out the noun that does not go with the verb
1. Buy - a cake/ a card/ flowers/ relatives
2. Celebrate a birthday/ Christmas/ a meal/ an anniversary
3. Send a card/ a ceremony/ flowers/ a present
4. Visit a friend/ a relative/ your family/ birthday card
5. Invite fiends/ flowers/ parents/ relatives
Activity 1
a) Complete the sentences. Use should + one of these verbs
56
read
speak
travel
wear
slowly to him.
5. George is not very often at home. He ______________ a lot in
his job.
b) Write sentences with dont/ doesnt have to . the first is
done as example
1. Are you going home? You dont have to go home now.
2. Why is she waiting? She ______________________________.
3. Why do you get up so early? You _______________________.
4. is he paying today? He ________________________________.
5. Why do you want to decide now? you ____________________
___________________________________________________
.
6. Why does he work so hard? He _________________________.
c) Rewrite the sentences below. Use should/ shouldnt or have
to/ dont have to. The first has been done for you.
1. It is not necessary for you to see the doctor today. You don't
have to see the doctor today.
2. You want to open a bottle store in the countryside! I dont think
it is a good idea. ____________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. It is not necessary for you to pay me today. _______________
__________________________________________________
4. I think it is a good thing for you to speak English as much as
possible. __________________________________________
5. It is necessary for the teacher to keep his students files with
him. ______________________________________________
6. Do you want to study Italian at university? I think is a good
idea. _____________________________________________
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Peace day
Ramadan
Queens day ______
Independence Day
New Years Day
Armed forces day
Thanksgiving Day
Mothers day
Easter
6. Workers day?
7. Christmas day
8. Victory day
9. Woman day
10. Family day
1. Tree day
12. Heroes day
13. St Valentines day
14. Chinese new year ____
Wedding
baptism party
Olympics
engagement party
African cup of nations
birthday party
African games openings
goodbye party
Secondary school finalist party chrism party
Graduation party
golden wedding party
Candles
Sweets
Perfumes
Dolls
Pair of shoes
Books
c) How do people normally give wishes on special occasions?
Match the words at left with the one at right to form
special occasion wishes. Note that one word from left can
serve for more than one expression at right.
Best
Happy
Marry
Congratulations
Good
Good health
Thank you
and so on.
d) Cross out the noun that does not go with the verb
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity 1
a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
b)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
61
UNIT 5
INTRODUCTION
Unit 5 is all about Appearances. Appearances may refer to Visual
(what an object looks like) or Human Physical (peoples
descriptions).
Still in this Unit, you will deal with comparative and superlative of
adjectives whereby such adjectives will be set according to their
Degrees.
UNIT 5 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
Summarise a paragraph;
APPEARANCES
Reading and Vocabulary
a) Read the following Headings carefully:
-
Pale is beautiful;
The importance of a long neck;
The perfect modern woman;
Showing your emotions;
The worlds most handsome men.
Ideas of beauty 200-300 years ago
Now, read the paragraphs below and match them to the correct
62
Writing
64
65
Comparative
Superlative
Cleaner
Cleanest
2. Big
Bigger
Biggest
3. Nice
Nicer
Nicest
4. Tidy
Tidier
Tidiest
Comparative
Superlative
Good
better
best
Bad
worse
worst
Far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
Old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
Much
more
most
66
Many
more
most
Little
less
least
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
Careful
more careful
most careful
less careful
least careful
more expensive
most expensive
less expensive
least expensive
Expensive
67
other picture.
2. Id say she looks _______________ (good) in picture A.
3. This is definitely _______________ (sophisticated) of the
four pictures.
4. I think this is _______________ (good) picture, I really do.
Compulsory Reading
Sween, S. et al (2004) Professional English - English 365
,Cambrige. CUP.
Unit 5 Summary
Appearances
In writing your descriptions, in the following case about people, you
have to pay attention to points such as: figure, face and head,
forehead, nose, hair, eyes, skin, etc. Say whether the eyes are clear,
bright, large, small, blue or the hair is straight, wavy, curly,
plaited or the skin is pale, tanned, dusky, fair, etc.
When we compare two persons or things we use the Comparative
Degree and in comparing more than two persons or things we use the
Superlative Degree. You will notice that a simple way of comparing
adjectives is to:
Add er for the Comparative Degree, and
Add est for the Superlative Degree.
Adjectives of three syllables, and some of two syllables, have more
written before them for the Comparative Degree, and most for the
68
Superlative Degree.
Unit 5 Tasks
Vocabulary
I.
Find five pairs of opposites from the phrases or words
below.
Terrific; stay up late; excited; great; attractive; awful; fall asleep;
dangerous; angry; nickname; candles; wake up; brand new;
tanned; disappointed; ugly; slim; often; expensive; go to bed early;
cheap; relaxed; enormous; pale; in good mood.
For example: Cheap Expensive
Real life
II.
Think of an appropriate way of responding in the
following situations.
1. Your teacher asks you something, but you didnt hear the
question.
2. Your party guests are leaving.
3. You are in a restaurant and you would like to pay.
4. Your friend is going to take her driving test.
5. You want to know the price of something.
69
Attractive
Tanned
Tall
Pale
Athletic-looking
Manly
Slim
brave
Writing
Imagine you have eye-witnessed a robbery. The police needs
your help to get the criminal. Write a short paragraph, of about
five lines, describing the suspect.
It was a very tall man of about 30 years old. His face was thin and
had a long nose. His skin was tanned and had dreadlocks. He was
carrying a black suitcase and was dressed in blue jeans and a
black and white checked sleeveless shirt.
I.
70
Tasks
Vocabulary
I.
Find five pairs of opposites from the phrases or
words below.
Terrific Awful
Stay up late Go to bed early
Excited Disappointed
Attractive Ugly
Fall asleep Wake up
Angry In a good mood
Tanned Pale
Real life
II.
Think of an appropriate way of responding in the
following situations.
1. Sorry, could you reap that, please?
2. Thanks for coming.
3. Can we have the bill, please?
4. Good luck!
5. How much does this cost?
UNIT 6
INTRODUCTION
Time off is the title of Unit 6. It means the time period when you are
officially allowed not to be at work or studying.
71
In this unit you will look at aspects like intentions and wishes as
well as predictions, i.e., ways of expressing future time in English
verb phrase.
UNIT 6 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
Distinguish the phrases plan to, going to, would like to,
would rather;
74
_____________________________________________?
Short form
I will stay
Ill stay
You will
Youll
He will
Hell
She will
Shell
It will
Itll
We will
Well
75
Theyll stay
Negative
Short form
I wont stay
You wont
He will not
He wont
She wont
It will not
It wont
We will not
We wont
Compulsory Readings
Soars, L&J (1996) New Headway Intermediate students
book, Oxford.OUP.
Murphy, R. (1997) Essential Grammar in Use. A selfstudy reference and practice book for elementary students
of English, Cambridge. CUP.
Unit 6 Summary
The verbs intend, plan, aim (+ infinitive clause) express precise
intention. However, intention can also be expressed by be going to.
77
79
f) Next morning
g) Twelve
h) Hurricane
i) Five-star
j) Sea
Tasks
Increasing your vocabulary
1. You probably know the word sun. But what do you call:
a) Sunny
b) Sunrise and sunset
80
c) Sunbathe
d) Sunglasses
e) Suntanned
2. Intentions and wishes: going to, planning to, would like,
would rather. Complete the gaps in the sentences below
with the correct italicized word.
a) Would like
b) Would rather
c) Going to
d) Planning to
e) Would rather
f) Planning to
g) Going to
h) Would like
UNIT 7
INTRODUCTION
Ambitions and dreams is the theme of unit 7. Ambition can be
defined as the desire for professional achievement whereas Dreams
are successions of images, ideas, and sensations that occur
involuntarily.
In this unit, you will have the privilege of reading about some
actors ambitions and dreams as well as talk about yours. You will
81
recap and elaborate the notions you have of Simple Past and Present
Perfect tenses.
UNIT 7 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
8. Appear on______________________________________
9. Go to__________________________________________
10. Write__________________________________________
11. Go round_______________________________________
12. Have___________________________________________
When we use the simple past tense, we are usually concerned with
84
85
Q:____________________________________________________?
N:_____________________________________________________
4.______________________________________________________
Q:____________________________________________________?
N:_____________________________________________________
5.______________________________________________________
Q:____________________________________________________?
N:_____________________________________________________
6._____________________________________________________
Q:____________________________________________________?
N:____________________________________________________
87
I.
Compulsory Readings
88
Unit 7 Summary
You should never think that the simple past and the present perfect
tense can be used interchangeably, i.e. one in place of the other.
The present perfect, in its turn, is never used in past narrative (e.g.
stories told in the past, history books). Apart from its common use in
conversation, it is most often used in broadcast news, newspapers,
letters and any other kind of language-use which has connection with
the present.
Unit 7 Tasks
a) Robbie left school in 1995. He is remembering his old
school friends. Complete the sentences using the verbs
below. Make changes where necessary.
Decide; not enjoy; not go; have; like; spend; study; want;
To be; go.
Ameet was always interested in business he always
(1)__________________________ lots of brilliant ideas for making
money and his ambition (2)_________________________ to be a
millionaire by the age of twenty-five.
Lucy was a film addict she sometimes (3) ___________________
to the cinema four or five times a week. She (4)
_____________________ to become a famous film actress like her
heroine, Halle Berry.
Edward was always very quiet, and he (5) ___________________
out very much he (6) _______________________ most of his
time at home in his bedroom, playing games on his computer.
Kate (7) _________________________ for at least three hours
every evening when she was eighteen years old, she (8)
_________________________ to become an ecologist and help
save the planet.
89
8. Appear on television
9. Go to university
10. Write a novel
11. Go round the world
12. Have children
Use the phrases in activity a) numbers 1 to 6 above, to write
simple sentences about Sam in the simple past tense, question
and negative.
e.g.
1. Sam learnt how to drive.
Q: Did Sam learn how to drive?
N: Sam didnt learn how to drive.
2. Sam became famous.
Q: Did Sam become famous?
N: Sam didnt become famous
3. Sam earned 1 million USD.
Q: Did Sam earn 1 million USD?
N: Sam didnt earn 1 million USD
4. Sam started his own business.
Q: Did Sam start his own business?
N: Sam didnt start his own business.
5. Sam went abroad.
Q: Did Sam go abroad?
N: Sam didnt go abroad.
6.Sam got married
Q: Did Sam get married?
N: Sam didnt get married.
91
I.
92
7. Studied
8. Decided
9. Didnt enjoy
10. liked
b) Simple past or Present perfect? Choose the correct
alternative
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stayed
Have lived
Started
Have saved
studied
UNIT 8
INTRODUCTION
Countries and Cultures is the headline of unit 8. It should naturally
be expected much of different countries culture. However, due to
time constraints, not much of that will be dealt with. Instead you will
superficially read some kind of geographical-cultural aspects that
will undoubtedly enhance your general knowledge information.
There will also be room for grammatical features, largely saying,
nouns and articles.
93
UNIT 8 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
2.Common nouns
Any noun that is not the name of a particular person, place, thing or
idea is a common noun. We often use a, an, the or zero article in
front of common nouns.
How to identify countable and uncountable nouns
All common nouns fall into one of the two sub-classes: they may be
either countable nouns (sometimes known as unit or count nouns) or
uncountable nouns (also known as mass or non-count noun). The
distinction between countable and uncountable nouns is fundamental
in English, for only by distinguishing between the two can we
understand when to use singular or plural forms and when to use the
indefinite, definite and zero articles.
Note: many nouns which are normally uncountable can be used as
countable in certain contexts. This suggests that strict classification
of nouns as countable or uncountable are in many cases unreliable. It
would be better to think in terms of countable and uncountable uses
of nouns or for detailed information consult a good dictionary.
Countable nouns
If a noun is countable:
-
Uncountable nouns
Is a noun is uncountable:
-
Equivalent countable
Bread
a loaf of bread
Clothing
a garment
Laughter
a laugh
Luggage
a case, a bag
Poetry
a poem
Money
a coin, a note
96
Work
a job
Nouns for animals are countable; nouns for meat are uncountable:
a cow / meat, a deer / venison, a pig / pork, a sheep / mutton
The Dead Sea is not really a sea, but a lake. Water comes into it from
the River Jordan, but because the Dead Sea is lower than the land
around it, it cannot flow out. The hot desert sun evaporates the water
as quickly as it flows in, leaving salt and other minerals. As a result,
the Dead Sea is seven times saltier than the sea, and people can easily
float on it.
Canada has the worlds longest coastline just over 240,000 km (this
is nearly five times longer than the next country, Indonesia). As a
single line, the coastline would go round the Earth six times!
Two of the hottest and coldest temperatures ever recorded were in the
same country Argentina. A temperature of 49oC was recorded in the
town of Rivadavia on 11th December 1905 and -33oC in Sarmiento
(only 115 km away) in June 1907 thats a difference of 82oC!
In South America, the Andes stretch more than 7,000 km from Lake
Maracaibo in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south the whole
length of the continent and a distance greater than New York to
London. In the Andes you can also find the worlds highest volcano
(Nevado Onjos del Salado on the border between Chile and
Argentina) and the worlds highest lake (Lake Titicaca).
two and four times a century! In parts of the desert, it has never
rained as far as we know!
99
________________________________________
5. Strong wind and rain (paragraph 1)
_______________________________________
6. An area of land surrounded by water (paragraph 1)
_______________________________________
7. A stretch of water which goes to the sea (paragraph 1)
_______________________________________
Plural
a book
books
an egg
eggs
100
a fire but an f
a man but an m
There is no difference in meaning between a and an. When using a /
an one must always bear in mind two basic things:
1. a / an has an indefinite meaning, i.e. the person, animal or
thing referred to may be not known to the listener or reader.
2. a / an can only combine with a singular countable noun.
Form of the
The never varies in form whether it refers to people or things,
singular or plural.
Singular
Plural
Compulsory Readings
Soars, L&J (1996) New Headway Intermediate students
book, Oxford.OUP.
Murphy, R. (1997) Essential Grammar in Use. A selfstudy reference and practice book for elementary students
of English, Cambridge. CUP.
Unit 8 Summary
When dealing with countable and uncountable nouns, make sure you
have the following in mind:
102
Unit 8 Tasks
Nouns: countable and uncountable
Choose one of the words in the brackets following each sentence
to fill the blank in the sentence.
1. He gave me an ____________________ but I have forgotten
it. (information / instruction)
2. He went to buy a new __________________. (underwear /
shirt)
3. She spoke a ____________________ I could not understand.
(slang / dialect)
4. A beautiful __________________ met his eyes. (scene /
scenery)
5. I issued him with a _____________________. (permit /
permission)
6. He was carrying
(luggage / load)
heavy
____________________.
Indefinite articles
Use a or an to fill the blank where necessary.
1. I expect to encounter ________ considerable trouble.
2. He went to have _________ bath.
3. They carried out _______ investigation into the crime.
4. He gave me ________ cause to believe he was right.
5. I went for _______ treatment of my injury.
Definite article
Use the to fill the blank where necessary.
d) ________ slavery he found practised there appalled him.
e) He loved _________ company he had with him.
f) She practises _______ sculpture.
g) An optimist believes in ______ progress.
h) He was _______ shorter of the two.
103
Reading
Read the geographical information paragraphs of different parts
of the world, below, and then answer the questions that follow:
1. Where is the country with the most extreme climate?
___Argentina__________________________________________
2. What is the name of the lake that is 7 times saltier than the
sea?
___Dead Sea__________________________________________
3. Where can you find the worlds driest desert?
___Northern Chile______________________________________
4. Why do the Yellow River, the Black Sea and Greenland
have such names?
___Yellow River because it carries millions of tons of yellow sand
from the deserts; Black Sea because of the black clouds and
Greenland because the people who named it saw it in
Spring_______________________________________________
_____
5. Whats the country with the worlds longest coastline?
___Canada___________________________________________
6. How long is its coastline?
104
____240,000 long______________________________________
Vocabulary
Find words in the paragraphs which mean the same as:
1. Water which is frozen (paragraph 1)
_Ice_______________________________________
2. The dividing line between two countries (paragraph 5)
_Border_______________________________________
3. An area of water surrounded by land (paragraph 2)
_Lake_______________________________________
4. A very dry place where there is little rain (paragraph 7)
_Desert_______________________________________
5. Strong wind and rain (paragraph 1)
_Storm______________________________________
6. An area of land surrounded by water (paragraph 1)
_Island______________________________________
7. A stretch of water which goes to the sea (paragraph
_River_______________________________________
Tasks
Nouns: countable and uncountable
Choose one of the words in the brackets following each sentence
to fill the blank in the sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Instruction
Shirt
Dialect
Scene
Permit
Load
Indefinite articles
Use a or an to fill the blank where necessary.
1.
105
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
an
Definite article
Use the to fill the blank where necessary.
1. the
2. the
3.
4.
5. The
UNIT 9
INTRODUCTION
Throughout this Unit, you will come across with two fundamental
language skills: Reading and Grammar. This reading will
undoubtedly raise some awareness in you so as for you to think
about your own hobbies and interests in life.
You will also be confronted with explanations and activities on
Gerunds (-ing forms), which is a crucial aspect of grammar.
UNIT 9 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
Organize a survey
1.What
2.
about afford it, says the 71 year-old. But sadly Bob in now looking
for a new hobby. The show closed last year after a sixteen-year run in
London.
For some its musicals that keep them coming back for more. For
others, itsfast food. Peter Holden, from Washington DC, eats an
average of two McDonalds meals a day. He has eaten at more than
11.000 McDonalds ( there are 13,500 of them in the whole of the
USA) and says , Im a collector of the McDonalds dining
experience. He is 1.9 m tall and weighs 90 kg he says he doesnt
put on weight party because he is lucky and partly because he doesnt
eat the fries.
Most people collect something at some time in their life, whether its
dolls, trading cards or even stamps, but few take their collections as
far as Rodolfo Renato Vazquez, who has the worlds largest
collection of books, porters and even life-size models related to his
heroes, The Beatles. He divides his collection between his apartment
and the club he owns in Buenos Aires, where he now organizes a
regular Beatles event which attracts thousands of visitors from all
over the world.
But the 6,000 or so items in Rodolfos collection are nothing
compared to the 20,000 items belonging to Jason Joiner all related
to the Star Wars films. His collection includes an original Darth
Bader costume! But such obsessions can have unfortunate results.
John Weintraub became obsessed with collecting plastic figures of
US presidents given as free gifts in packets of breakfast cereal. After
two years, he had the whole set apart from Thomas Jefferson.
Weintraub was so desperate to get the last one he broke into a factory
and opened every box he could find. He was seen by a guard,
arrested and sent to prison. Its OK though, he said, because at my
first prison breakfast I opened the cereal packetand out come
Jefferson.
4. Now, who does each of these statements refer to? Explain the
choice.
a. He has the largest collection of memorabilia.
b. He now has to find something else to spend his money on.
c. Hes careful about what he eats.
d. His obsession make him into a criminal.
e. People come from other countries to see his collection.
f. He spent most of his money going to see a show.
5. Which of the obsessions do you find the strangest? Do you
know of any other people who have become obsessed in this way?
6. Use the clues below to check who is referred to: Then check
your answers on key correction ...........
108
Clues
a. Someone you really admire is your...
b. If you are so crazy about something you cant think of
anything else, you have an...
c. special clothes worn by an actor
d. a type of breakfast food
e. wanting or needing something very much
f. presents
g. If you get fatter, you put on ...
h. If something is too expensive for you to buy, you cant ... it.
LANGUAGE USE: Gerunds (-ing forms) after verbs of liking and disliking
1 Which of the things in the box do you like? Which do you dislike?
Mark each one like this:
5 = I love it/them! 3 = Its OK./ I dont mind it/them
1 = I hate it/them!
Babies buying presents chocolate Christmas
dancing
dogs
receiving flowers
hot baths
snow
ironing clothes
sports cars
computer games
long car journeys
sunbathing
tattoos
109
Unit 9 Summary
Unit 9 Tasks
I. Practice
1. Complete the gaps with one word only.
a. Karen _______________chocolate. She is specially keen
_________white chocolate.
b. Dave doesnt ______________buying presents for his
family. In fact, he cant ___________________it.
c. Hazel is crazy ____________________watching Formula
One on TV, but she doesnt like football or tennis very
_________________.
d. Simon _______enjoys sunbathing because he ____lying
down and also because hes _________on reading.
2. Make these sentences true, using the ing form.
a. I find cooking very relaxing.
b. _______________ can be stressful.
c. Im(not) very interested in __________________.
d. I find ______________quite boring.
e. _________________ is good fun.
f. _________________ is bad for you.
g. _________________ is good for you.
h. My friend __________(name) is crazy about _________.
i. I think ___________________ is difficult.
j. _____________________ can be very dangerous.
4.
5.
6.
7.
III. Which famous person do/would you most like meeting/to meet?
IV. Survey about the most important things in life
Preparation: Reading
Work individually. Look at the statements opposite that come
from a survey about attitudes to life. Tick( ) the appropriate
box to show how much you agree with each statement.
Check the meaning of any unknown words and phrases in a
dictionary.
Agree
Having enough money is very important to me.
Disagree
one day .
friends
clothes
love
car
family
travel
money
religion
112
good health
sport
nice home
politics
school/studies marriage
career
other
2. Collect: memorabilia
Play: football
Make: models, jewellery,
Go to see: a musical, a concert, your favorite football team.
3. Answers
Hobbies/Collections: supporting your favorite football team;
shopping, going to musicals (Cats), eating fast food; collecting
coins, dolls, trading cards, stamps, Beatles memorabilia(books,
posters and models), Star Wars memorabilia, free gifts with
breakfast cereals(plastic figures of US presidents)
4 . Answers
a. Jason Joiner: he has 20,000 items relating to Star Wars films
b. Bob Martin: he used to watch the musical Cats once a week,
but the show has now closed.
c. Peter Holden: although he eats two McDonalds meals a
day, he doesnt eat the French fries.
d. John Weintraub: he broke into a breakfast cereal factory
because he was desperate to get the final plastic model in a
series he was collecting.
e. Rodolfo Renato Vazquez; he organizes a Beatles event, and
people travel from all over the world to see his
memorabilia.
f. Bob Martin: he spent 20,000 on going to see the musical
Cats, but says that he could just about afford it because he
113
f.
Answers
Grammar
a The ing form buying presents is the object of the sentence.
b The ing form Sunbathing is the subject of the sentence.
c The ing form from reading is the object of the sentence, It comes
after a preposition.
Practice
1:
a. loves/likes, on
b. like/enjoy, stand
c. about, much
2: Free answers
Key correction
1.Answers
1 c 2h 3e 4d 5f 6a 7b 8g
Grammar
1. Answers
Verbs followed by an ing form: likes (sentences 3), loves
( sentences 6 and 8)
Verbs followed by an infinitive: plans ( sentence 2), love
(Sentence 4) , like ( sentence 5), hopes ( sentence7)
2. Answers
a. She likes means she enjoys
b. Shed lime means she wants to.
3. Answers
We use like/love to talk about how we fell about something
generally.
114
Practice
1. Would you like to live abroad one day? In which country?
2. Would you like to have a pet? What kind?
3. Would you like to learn any other languages apart from
English? Which one(s)?
4. Do you like getting up early? Why(not)?
5. Which city would you most like to visit one day?
6. Do you like listening to music? What kind?
7. Do you like cooking ? Do you have a specialty?
8. Which famous person would you most like to meet?
UNIT 10
INTRODUCTION
115
UNIT 10 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
Make suggestions
Talk about actions that are more important than the person
who did it.
Japan.
Whisky
France.
Rice
England.
Hawaii.
Nikon cameras
is
made in
Brazil.
Coffee
are
grown in
China.
Pineapples
Scotland.
116
2 Now, from the sentences above say what is made and grown in
your country.
1. Nearly all the verb forms in the text about Coca-Cola are in
the passive. The passive is formed with the verb to be and the
participle.
Champagne is made in France
Pineapples are grown in Hawaii
2. Read the text again and write the passive verb forms under
117
these headings.
Present simple
Past simple
Present Perfect
Future
is enjoyed
Was invented
Will
We form the present simple passive with the subject +be +past
participle. Regular past participles end in ed. For a list of irregular
past participles, see page
Positive form
Negative form
Question form
I am made
Im not made
Am I/he/she/it made?
He/she/its made
118
You/we/they are
made
You/we/they arent
made
Are/you/we/they
made?
1. We use the passive when the person who does the action is:
a. Not important or unknown
The chocolate is made in Switzerland. (=Its not important
who makes it)
b. unknown.
Hundreds of cars are stolen every week. ( = we do not
known who steals them)
c. people in general
His face is recognized all over the world. (= people in
general recognize his face)
2. If we want to say who or what is the doer of the action, we
use by.
All my clothes are designed by Federico Pirani.
3. Active or passive? Compare the following examples:
a. Martine makes all her own bread at home.
b. The bread is made in a large bakery outside town.
Note:
In sentence a., we use the active because we are more interested in
who makes the bread, so Martine is the subject of the sentence.
In sentence b, we use the passive because we are more interested in
the bread, not in who makes the bread.
Grammar
1. Underline the passive forms in the sentences below.
a. Chanel No 5 was introduced by the French fashion
designer Coco Chanel in the 1920s.
b. Because she considered the number five to be her lucky
number, the perfume was first presented on the 5th of May.
2. How do we form the Past simple passive/
We form the past simple passive with the subject +was/were +past
participle.
Positive form
Negative form
Question form
119
I/he/she/it wasnt
seen
You/we/they were
seen
You/we/they
werent seen
Were you/we/they
seen?
Unit 10 Tasks
In Connecticut
Where?
In 1895
Who?
In 1948
120
Why?
How many?
25,000
35 million
A: In 1895.
Practice
whose
name
(2)_______________(pronounced) Nyeekee has come a long way from
its small origins in the US state of Oregon. The
company(3)_______________(name) after the Greek goddess of victory,
and (4)_______________(make) its first shoes back in 1970s. Nowadays,
Nike (5)__________________(know) for its clever advertising
campaigns, using the worlds best-known sportsmen and women. In the
eighties and nineties, basketball legend Michael Jordan(6)
_________________(make) a series of adverts for the company and in
1997, golf star Tiger Woods (7) ____________(pay) $40 million to star
in another series of adverts. A sign of the companys fame is that the
word (8)______________(no/appear) on the companys products. The
famous Nike tick (9)______________________(recognise) all over the
world. It (10)__________________(created) by a designer who
(11)____________________(receive)just $35 for the idea!
2 . Free answers
3
Answers
1. False. 1.6 billion gallons are sold every year.
2. False. But it is drunk in over 160 countries
3. True
4. False. It is over 100 years old.
Grammar Answers
122
2.
Present Simple
Past Simple
is enjoyed
was invented
are sold
was given
is (still) made
is (still) kept
were sold
was bought
was opened
Present Perfect
Will Future
will be drunk
Correction
1.The History of the Hamburger
1 were made
2 called
3 was given
4 became
5 grew
6 were bought
7 preferred
8 opened
9 have opened/have been opened
10 are eaten
In 1895/In 1948.
In Connecticut
Louis Lassen
Because the recipe came from Hamburg
25,000/35 million
5 dont carry
6 drunk
7 been eaten
Grammar Answers
1. Passive forms Underlined
a. Chanel No 5 was introduced by the French fashion
designer Coco Chanel in the 1920s.
b. Because she considered the number five to be her
lucky number, the perfume was first presented on
the 5th of May.
2. We form the Past simple passive with the subject + be
(was/were) + past participle.
3. Coco Chanel introduced Chanel No.5.
In sentence a, the subject is Chanel No 5; sentence b, the
subject is the perfume.
Practice
1 Answers
a was invented
b invented
c was manufactured
were designed e were sold f were sent g was voted
d wore;
h started, named
5 in kwon
2. Is pronounced
6 made
9 is recognised
10 was created
124
3. Was named
7 was paid
11 received
4. Made
UNIT 11
INTRODUCTION
Throughout Unit 11 three important parts of speech, that is, Verbs,
Nouns and Adjectives will be analyzed. The Present Perfect
Continuous used with time reference words such as since, for and
how long will be thoroughly looked at.
UNIT 11 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this Unit, you will be able to:
-
Talk about actions that started in the past and continue to the
present
125
2 Read the texts below. Check the meaning of the words and
phrases in bold in your dictionary. Which jobs in exercise 1 are
the people talking about? ( There is one extra definition.)
1. People come to you with all kinds of problems not just
medical ones so of course you have to be sympathetic and
good listener. And of course, you need to keep up with all the
latest treatments.
2. Its not enough to be naturally talented. You need to be totally
committed to being the best: nothing else will do. If you are
lazy, then youll never reach the top.
3. You need to be experienced in the game: its your job to make
sure that players are motivated and to do that you have to be
126
Noun
Adjective
imagine
imaginative
organize
organized
discipline
talented
committed
lazy
experience
honest
motivated
sympathetic
Parent?
Restaurant manager?
Teacher?
Musician?
Lawyer
Doctor?
Friend?
Language learner?
127
LANGUAGE USE: Present perfect continuous with how long, for and since
1 Read the texts below of four people who are looking for work with
Vacation Express. What kind of work each of them like to do?
Sandra,24
I think Im very good with children. When I was younger, I used to
look after my too little brothers when my parents went out. Then,
when I was at university, I earned extra money in the evenings by
babysitting so Ive been looking after children since I was about
fourteen. Im twenty-four now, and Id really like to travel before I
settle down.
Marc, 21
I got interested in sailing when I was about eleven. My father used
to take me sailing most weekends, and thats how I learned the
basics and from then, I just carried on. So, Ive been sailing for
about ten years nowI just love it. Its more than a hobby to me
now.
Yolanda, 21
Chinese culture fascinates me. I think learning the language in really
the best way to find out about a culture, so I started studying Chinese
two years ago. Its not an easy language at first, but I think I can
make myself understood now. Id like to know the people, and
learning more about the place.
Sanjiv, 28
I left my job in January last year because I want to be comedian. Ive
been trying to get work for about year now. I can sing as well, and
play a bit of piano, but its not easy to find work. Basically, I need to
get experience in front of a live audience.
When did she start doing this? In sentence b, is he trying to get work
now? When did he start doing this?
3 Which of the phrases in the box below go with for? Which go with
since?
forty years
1965
last year
five hours
six oclock
2004
six months
Tuesday
October
Positive form
Negative form
I/you/we/theyve
been working
I/you/we/they
(How long)
havent
been I/you/we/they
working
working?
He/she/its
working
Question form
have
been
been He/she/it
hasnt (How long)He/she/
been working
its been working?
Compulsory Readings
Murphy, R. (1997) Essential Grammar in Use. A self-study
reference and practice book for elementary students of English,
Cambridge. CUP
130
Unit 11 Summary
Unit 11 Tasks
1 Answer the questions about the people above, using the word in
brackets
a. How long has Sandra been looking after your children?(since)
_________________________________________________
She was about fourteen
_________________________________________________
b. How long has Yolanda been studying Chinese? ( for)
_________________________________________________
c. How long has Sanjiv been looking for work? ( since)
_________________________________________________
(for)
___________________________________________________
131
d. How
long
has
Marc
been
sailing?(since)
___________________________________________________
Practice
1 Look at the questions below. Write a new question for each one to
ask one person.
a. e.g.: 1. How nay people are learning (French/Spanish/another
language)?
Are you learning French?
2.Who has been learning French/Spanish etc... the longest?
How long have you been learning French?
b. 1 How many people own a car?
2 Who has owned a car the longest?
c. 1 How many people ride a scooter/motorbike?
2 Who has been riding a scooter/motorbike the longest
d. 1 How many people wear glasses/contact lenses?
2 Who has been wearing glasses/contact lenses the longest?
WORDSPOT
2 a. Complete the questions with how and a word from the box
about are do(x2) far fast high long much tail
1. A: How ___far___ is your house from the city centre?
132
B: About 3 km
2. A: How ___________coming to my house for lunch on
Saturday?
B: Sorry, Im away this weekend.
3. A: How ___________did those earrings cost?
B: I dont know. I didnt pay for them.
4. A: How _____________ you spell your family name?
B: Its H-E-R-N-A-N-D-E-Z.
5. A: How ______________has Stephanie been working here?
B: Just over a month.
6. A: How __________ was he driving when he crashed his car?
B: Only about fifty kilometers an hour.
7. A: How ___________you feeling now?
B: Much better, thanks.
8. A: How ___________ are you?
B: Im about 1m80.
9. A: Thomas, Id like you to meet my father.
B: How _________ you do, Mr. Harvey. Its nice to meet you.
10. A: How ________ is this building?
B: Over 100m.
Please complete the entire application. Remember to tick the job you
are applying for.
Mail this application to Vocation express, PO Box 99, Lichton, L12
8FH UK
NAME: ( First) __________________________________________
(Last)__________________________________________________
SEX: MALE/FEMALE
DATE OF BIRTH: ________________________(Month/Day/Year)
ADDRESS: ____________________________________________
Post Code: ________________________City:_________________
TELEPHONE: (please include country/city code)
Home_____________________ Work _______________________
Mobile ________________________
E-MAIL_______________________________________________
DO YOU HAVE A VALID DRIVING LICENCE? YES/NO
LANGUAGES SPOKEN: __________________________________
PRESENT
OCCUPATION/STUDIES__________________________________
________________________________________________________
WHICH OF THESE WORK AREA MOST INTEREST YOU?
Hotel/restaurant
Activity leader
Child care
OR
WORK
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
HOW DID YOU HEAR ABOUT VOCATION EXPRESS?
Newspaper
Website
I certify that the statements on this application are true and complete to
the best of any knowledge.
SIGNATURE OF APPLICATION:_________________________
DATE:______________________________________
B Now work in pares( if possible) and role play an interview
134
Noun
Adjective
imagine
imagination
imaginative
organize
organization
organized
discipline
disciplined
talented
committed
lazy
experience
experience
experienced
honest
motivate
motivation
motivated
sympathize
sympathy
sympathetic
Answers
1
a. True ( they wanted to be in a TV talent competition to create
a new pop group)
b. False ( they waited in the rain)
c. Not sure ( one of the competitors mentions thirty seconds,
but the text doesnt actually say how long they had)
d. False ( he began taking lessons a year ago, when he as
seventeen)
135
Since
1965
Last year
2004
Tuesday
Six oclock
October
1.
b
UNIT 12
INTRODUCTION
This is the last unit of the module, where you will be presented with
two reading comprehension texts of different sorts. On the one hand
you will read some facts about money and on the other you will
have a not-less important reading about jokes. There are also some
consolidation activities basically on verb tenses.
UNIT OBJECTIVES
137
read the text below and complete the gaps with a number
from the box
2
17th
25
34
100
150
1,000
1929
2002
100,000,000,000,000,000,000
Money Facts
More than (1) 25___countries use dollars as their currency including Canada, New Zealand and Australia.
If you toss a coin, there are (2) ____________possible
results: heads or tails. This is because the picture of the
head weights more, so it ends up on the bottom.
There are about 450 dollar billionaires in the world. About
(3) _____________ of them live in the United States.
The worlds highest denomination note was the (4)
_______________Pengo note, issued in Hungary in 1946. It
was worth about $0.20.
In (5) _________ century Sweden, the ten-daler coin
weighted 19.71 kg.
On 1 January (6)______________, 15 billion euro banknotes
and 50 billion euro coins came into circulation. Put end to
end, the notes would reach to the moon and back two and a
half times.
The worlds smallest bank note come from Romania. The
ten-bani note was (7)_______________mm x 45 mm the
same size as a postage stamp.
The heads on US dollar bills have not changed since (8)
______________.
138
1 Read the first part of three jokes. Which joke goes with the
picture?
139
Compulsory Readings
New Cutting Edge Pre- Intermediate- Sarah Cunnigham and Peter
Moor: Longman.
Unit 12 Summary
Grammar
1 look at the sentence below. Which verb is in the Past simple?
Which is in the Past perfect?
He had been to the bank and he was on his way home.
2 Which action happened first: going to the bank or going home?
3 Look again at the jokes in exercise 1. How many other examples
of the past perfect can you find?
Past perfect
We form the past perfect with had + past participle. Regular past
participles end in ed. Many verbs have an irregular past participle
(see list on page ...............)
Positive form
Negative form
Question form
I/you/he/she/it/
I/you/he/she/it/
140
2
3
now
Unit 12 Tasks
Australian
tourist.
After
the
arrest,
the
police
the
farmer,
this
wasnt
an
ordinary
house:
he
(11)_____________more
money
than
intelligence.
25
2.
3.
150
4.
100,000,000,000,000,000,000
5.
17th
6.
2002
7.
34
8.
1929
142
9.
100
143