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" celela d<:*:riU\ Ilonterior (fig. :!8). V,utut!llllril a~"kla.ti tl"1l.l!itw-i (lU ...elea InHluiteln
f1cllilrierea un it,1 I ; diferi d (m r dill\elUl iucile. l)e.! II~iffil. il> 1IDl.i t~ dlllqJ", dr.mptllt Il
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Un il4lW fU (mpr1nd .. t rll'. i anim"le, ~ re nu I>oe lIJIeII.nllruI unul ea altul , 1/1 unele
],r i'f'in t"! A Ilimo lu 1 !le la mijlol': floI le un oerll (t), !:are lU"e cwmele bop~ dW~U l1&h\ ,i
1lrO I~ri Ul eu jll\!.rlc11!! jl il!". 30) ~i li re 0llt pitl loure. Dl!iigtlf, ~I \orba!ll>. u lIgtrat1l,
cu re VRo fi II VUL u oaretnre M'lnnillta l lC. l D lflebuii tt!.DlI tn:hne interprett.tl ,1 doblloroa
!lA.rl)ii, eu lVpe(lI.l'f1) d fi NIUI II'" Uow.luj ; 1110 f tlj ~i pN~n& pe ' PllIC II IU)ei ,.&ripi".

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picioare 1; cu OOl']\ul ru."IlI",rlt cu II n decM .. imib r aCf'lu ia 1111
pu warlle. Rill4"1l1'a (k(Iilehi~ (>01I;ltl! tll ".."..'" d 1;. ""~l
lIUi llUl 1 Il fou rt'4'H:!' f I CQ3ma, In t rl Ullt;hiuri ,i"'l'l~ , cal'C!o
lil~StI <:OIIJ I,[l1t la ani mal ul ptio\lf'\lem (tit:. 38).
Oupll !lOO.t lIuinllio l lII'm~i,"fI. un a ltul, rCI' t(:~J Itlu d un
I" p ~ ;milar ~n;Ul!llulu; IIt.~, ,. u OO<\rllele (lmlI lIl""tate 1..
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ScCIlIi Intl'i.-:lg:l. f'd lll "tr1i"iitlll ~ cit) U1I (hu"miOlll ' '''~~I.l~ uloei tradoo.

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O aU I eat~'"H! de dt'OlC'(Jp&liri .Iut QQDllli ]lIIr iliJ I,ublicate, dq! ~Int el\.renl de
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.,.. o~ d i n IO(.~ I Vl"Cllh!. 1.It. ~JoWJ d~ I(I:k1re 11(0 .nau m.\.<>-,h~ I'tlIlU iIlIJ " '",online
..... etJrllmlci hllrhllllula.ul ~ de ti p I,.UII" t i /IIOnOOtl hi"rWIW! (iii ' ~i. eu, ta':
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_ N U la e lillOfI in a oalue.nil(!r <.le "iinl' de tilre Al. OdobeAnl, o.atl. cu 11l1ft"flI Mlaur d4\ la l'(lI~\IIO '. jud. Buz.lu , d~i hure ~ dQUI d8totIptf"Ui illl ~~ aICi o
." ... aic i g.l(IgrfIficli, n i,,; Clll lul"ll ltorin\ fi n'Oooloi .... (Ii,. 106- 110}.
la uol 1926, \' . Plrl'M tt JlWtru urrnf.,i.,.. p.tQhlem~j III:tWOI pe Ibrlt(N1gJ R~
. . . . . . . II rev ini i\'l1Ipra rh)tonului, OOlUIdt;rlndo.t ... o don.dl , pitnIJI<\erii a.DRi
.wP" _tiC' dinapre riWil, ))rin d mpia lI uD.U!I1l'i ti Oltf'..nloel, 'l'l'e apIU... EI ~ t\yI
I la aaeM4 gro pi K ilie4, ImpreunA CI.l ea:anllllk bf1)1a dOI la ~a. De la
.AL OIobetcu fi V. l'trvf.Ul prnA ati. II-au ficllt D"nnmir$~ rd~in la ~periftIA M k
. . ba ti adl\lOOri rb r l<lIlul il fost \lUl)limt "
J.! __~"'Dnl I\IIt.e d/l llrgint I1lItil. EI a intmt In ooIoet lilfl ll~lui Xaioo:l.l de .\Bti...,a ln .....uJ 1883. Pe ('hul l i . R(llilo>, LUV atribuill IIMtlOJWir'M de 1:10 J>coroi_ A I"ftljl,
. . . . . o c:olllidera "Unie 1IC11i('4" 't Y. l'll.rn'ln ~11It." punJI rb)' \OI,I.1 d e la PoI'Uina
7

. ' ...... c u a rta ~i n:-lIgia IK' l ilor ', fini. R'Zlll'C'll dU'jeulli ilt ridif'l\le de ~
.. ori el ...... f i fllrl bu.i t t&U"lIlB l ilor. I ~i ...:pt_ dal"!"f'I. riUl' de M. R06toVtlle.\
11l1li, prin teoolul &1 III ll'fll.f'.n., atita tOl u,i d ,,~~ tmpiedHli M" alri
"'~ul de la p Ql'Oina Wnlaplor, N I" el, OI"lt:um l-am data., '" nu ~t" li rob6rit
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Hh)'ton III n:l'rrr.,nl11 I Iii 'nu/i dl" o'le (l(lui! l"'I'I1<''''''~ l.;('P.atll IIr kllnn .". _,mW'lt.
III plWn.1 ('u rll)'IOllul d" la l'uwin:o, dar 1'<' 1I111,.,,1I.'a lor ,uptrlolri (),.Joe, tIm.' """".111. . alt un dl!<:"r In ereillil uri, W oonlul luallrUJ.IIl, ~ (um am arl,t.ol _, ln.tinl6,
. . . Dr~m l'lIlM (:U ONr. i t" e.l;f'UlI,I;IT..I1' d in Dllnn relOF doul Ilt>tllOUII}I', llt' rhn"
. . Nlpecth' SUIt rel'rodu 'ie Iluuui tll'ffh il( Bililli:al ului. ;:""uA ni .... pal<' ri t. rh~t...nul
.. Ia Poroilill uid nlo aII ' (. L ff.produlif' "'"" 'IIdt. fillltl~ 1ti,:lura I'inului cW, .. t......ra
_bMor CUMIlO elia tiin \ ('('Ioi lll(: , Ilmbahll el, i~r ('h,t! II~I ol>if!C'1 '" 11l('ra in awif,ml
r I i reU" . Oolu l ,i ,iUI.oI t..,I lI~i la bIlEI. ro&nwlor Cl1l 11'1"11.011.' ru Ilil:l r& JIK\' ot!oM'. ' lofo 1.11'1,
"'-1 MlMt. g'lJ l, tar& ~1)rt"dIl14 1111(11 f't'IHIM'W, nil!! mult n,ai nut' d<'!f'it _ 1
_ bllor, ('flr~ 1111 fOBl di,Iru!oll; ril l)("l l1lll'le n realn.le del:e.

fi $llngitia

II, It'hnif'ij "'1,re:renIMij fiJlur,lur on"'./W!tll df \'Ml ,11ul

6Jton1llui IiU OOlltribuil, lAN iud<>illli, 1:1 d allu~ tll~e fi lUI rom de bAII' .i &
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LO C UL ARTEI TRACO.GET I CE
IN CADRUL STILULUI ANIMALIER
GENERA L I AL SOC I ET II
LOCALE

11

Art a I tal.'O-ptid ~U I" un loc '~I ..] In cadrul atU!i de "il .. olm~lf.... ~.

an () OI'l gltu). ])Ulllrll ~J () Ill'ol n ,e II f!lI , chiar IIaeii IlO d('I\'olil I*rald fii aii'
. . . . CIi ~n adt'l'l1 " tll (l<,'ltielt. C- C4l timhloO wemcollii f ll.lldJi.llIeIlLa' deoItbltbr
.. artoIlNIw gt l ioo r"l' dfI <'< !elah", arte 116 .lil luimllliN' t~l. fondul d u loeIU !.fV'f

- I a Il\. otuioi ,1 lI a mullimll"" 1l1J'1 ~t4rull'fl IN! IIOCIl4l DIIlIHr;url. Nu ~I. ra:.
tIIId ba lludiul Qllt'l'i' lor ,le arti IMltO-gt.'Il<:f', orkil 416 Inode.t r II (!Je, Iurprindtm

.....~ d e 10111 ffill JI,ft or I lIl itcn~ r~1 care \'in wl tllp luOotIVIUM "voei II 1IIOu'IIln;
. . . .(1. Leam g45[ L11\ hlvcnt nnll morll\lulu lu; " ptinl:iAr" ~ la AJl,lIIoJ ,i ta " Iedunll"
.. It. Oraio \'ll . ~\lJI l ntim .or:le henl ; ha4u ra~, :lUt de ~lerUtj(ll aee.~ arUl fi

. . aoo~rA. 1"1 1'1'01\ ]1<1 lo~to pod oa t>tkl ~ gtli{'f! iaU fonu/'fIJJ, ehenar. 1'l4eutt IA
, ori d(!lim l l~lz4 I.wltl ti "'11 Inoll"l deroraUn .Itop~ !lin adIncaI mjlciilor
ti ... YMCurllor ,-in " CC'~uri le Aimp\e MI U puneta tr , . pi,.1e16 laqen~ el MlInltoenlQrile.
Se IW I'Ug>\, Gvldent , In1luM Iil foa r te nlr!.. t~, N.l'O lUI ro&~ l ubllniale de fieta.N
.... la eltpullerea IlOailli de lIl,1 11!.i1llU!. T rWlura priDei llalt a _~ a.rte 1 _

pUn "W orif:iMlltlll.ea l1li. tn re OOJlIl' aeeMtllof

' Olt o "reme cind !,OAU! 1)1-.16 de artA lu~",te In , tii u illWltr

dtll(Operlt~

1n

bla, 8ul"'liI r ia IRU Ullpria lltau oomi dml le N 5eltioe. O WM!en_ tell/hul' de
J '. "&nie mIII to/llluuA J)Illlloeurl
lu ,111116 nout./'o!.
Dupi OODOOpiul ilie ,i gellel'll.llu . . a(ellllia, .... eri LaI IUI InC*C , ~I un al
'#' toneIa de.tlllr/l eo-It'ilk, fei",,~ Wlt ,,_-ao./rW, .,ind, dupl cum " "eIIe,
. . OD.II~ut e1erolo'('lI, in . truet ura druia Il&Cturul t nilC'lc "lI lraco'ptlc - eUIlI \1 u lWl I,n
... _ . . doar " au dintre pAt,1e oonUlluli"f, .. nu eeII mal Importa nt'.
f..t af!vo ieue o IW.6'"'\r'lItA luptA pwtru ri.ltW1lllre<lo uncl trlUIJIIoIlll.1e C!OnCI'!pJ.I/ .
W 1", aN III;! . prijJru:a 1)fI ",lIorIUI Io:1I unor IIU',II.UII N 1'. I~itwd:e, l!II. lI o. IOl'tse\',

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DUli de

tmeIc prodlue 'l*=ifI~ eeitiee de cult

ti Ca.t elu (jud. CoDlta lla), I n r;,~I~ uau CU&ll('!c d"! bronz, !'la m de la &or ' ''''stantA lIClicJl. desi""'.
I
1'aIlo/,leliti. le IntllAil'tle tm elemtnt lICiUA
,
... u
- , (Il!' ea D U ~ijte b
tl.ri
'
~ r o de ahA pam In IItadi ul :\{l1 I
o
h~rll ,1 Dwl nu" fOII.
alilUl ln 1)I'C!Z~llt ... tre;J'II' n(:ll4 !('llt~t'U~ ,.1 d(l~vllililli arhMlOgiei I'Om~u, rwl .m
iuoriu,I.,'TIl lif ; din It/lm'-nh. lItl I
I Il f&l\Oa,Ijtcrea hunli ~l'ioo. Conool'lIa ""'n&l'
IIlODdial In ~ ("Il 1)'iI'~Ull'(>lu; :~~;:le _npal de ('t!Il d.iuain~" ~6 uhimul rbllCli
pIOd aoe. ACC\ljlia ali. Il VlIt de jut.llt 1 I 111 ,Pl1Mlfleul Ic.m.UI U!('I " C1:Ilturli IAtbMr.
ba timp ~i tuitorial Tre"" " .. UII ~ ~etlV In ~n" l,nvin l', df.r el II lolt limitat
....
reamlntlDl ci la

tam

DllDirea tie Jos cultura. J.Gt~ne ~todaci. ,.a

format 1'11 IMul Independcllt dl! celll ineA dl
M>lul al " -lea. te.n., MilcA Intro

\'l'1!n~e (,:1.nd

10:

nat1eN: - \'U un I'I'{)CM tut ntlt du oolll]lln tlnr

tot

p&

llll foud IUM.1 - Rtilul 1..'11/11111 A It'i,' 1n

BUrQj11l. l:em-ralA.

""'t ...,..

lor 1"1
tu lU'aJ'i tie :l<'eliMa, jlf.nlru a _Iz... fIllli elw rlf; IIt \1 .......
, ........... IIlatna. IN . hll - . ..
.ului Ln T~1lII ~i JI'I nn hut ipau geocrn.fict\.
-.In_pe
m llural , trebuie'" om! avem II, H!dl!re 'l.\1nlul
doblm.l! t (k! L"f,rcetafea IIrlloologi,-, tn &rile "~IM', tn UnwlIIN ~rltliti li!
Bulpna , Tugt:lsLwi:J., Ungaria, 1'0[00;:10
Ct:hOl[Ovatia. Re~ult4t. e..n'eurllor
arhf!Q[Oj('ioo din nC&le fllri ~i Mlndii[e de 1I11,inun~
tie Iinted. 1I1,,"lIe ploi
lIoCum nonu "JurBt I'. ah()nl/hn problemele artei tnw")'geti(l!! din ~inu lur lle tu.
tIOlIjurAl()!'Irl' , untle]lil nemu ri MI locuit in 1)9011.6 ~ft()dllo('li. Un arlUlut Llfg "90
delchiij In elegeri ; a riei tnlei(~ d,l(ltlli d(o&OOpetiril(or , i nume~(jr Iludi; 'Acute
In Orien tul ,\p r()f'ill l ti In CaU('ll.~. &1 (':unottc.u de mult Ilrupele ....&lrrdor
"bJoon.nri din LlIr,lan" MU d in "Anllaf", dar BOilt d~periJi, ' lud li ,1 idpAturi
- adU$ dnl.o.\ ",.et>pliolllll tie [mportanle ptnlrn iJt.orlll ,1 arta hanului ptti.lorie '1
_tie, date t'll. re no !ljulA fn lu4"legerea artei l ro.oo-I:f'tloe, Jlf.llii 11111.1
t!ll'flau fiii.
pfDdl t 11I1!lu!lllllen.i bUlluri tie cr"illz8Iie 8uperiOlln1i, dilltre cue. ode nlal mult'" III loal,
,....uate du gre!!i ti 11'1I 1lIIforn).(Ite In ~I)iri tll l lor neAI Of. Tu liJele no.lilre Bf\ ,orlJette
4.Iu ce In ('(' ula i mult de inflU !!IlI/I perM lul l1li1111i'l10 a r tei j~k:e ~i _aata u le dO('umen
tM1 prin numeroase 1I,,)Ie('If', pe !'are altAda t~ ~ tJ'eC!eam 11(' pe _ma greeih:;r. fii! )li! acf!Iffl
all!ililur. tn Ium illft (elor de 11;.,,1 ~IU, . rla tneo-,;.!I iti ne IlpARI de line .tJotlt~, IUMr 1e.Dt4 1lI1A de l umea 1nconjuritOlln>, fllJ de greei, de ,oIi. de \!'tII!. Ba ni " 1111'fA. It tn loat:\ originalitALM, proBpelimea, realiBmw fi primiti\itlltH. .1. Tn.d[ 1111 f~
. . . . Mii ~e..tei arte, jJe
tn menla.!il1Uel lor, oei aullti li 1Iwne111t "barbAri". Arta
... "lluburi" I!:IU "lm rlmrban"" _ ellOi n!:l i era numitA - " te o lll1i .u~n\
" dA mAiUI'll. I)ulerii lot ti e croal'e
li a.,'UA tn mijlO('u l neam urilor antll'hililli l'IU'e
..... allmlllt in domeniu l cultllri ; IImlerale ti 1I1,lrillllllc.
LlICnf6a de fa lA are e bi.o.r IiOOpu l (It I dovedi, pe elt l 'ljI fi poaibil, lIit lucru.
UDlla opere dOAT!.A, pe <!an:! le-a./ll pl1!U'n l.~ pe rintl, 1111 avu i mellil'('Q t;I lAmureue4
de lIluri ale artci Irnoogeli<oe.

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.,.dja mai temeinic. nt1a J.~Q -dlld j retpeeti\' da.ci~ fiindet. un fQnlal..'1. dind.
d8t:i d in ...."unea tarplol.(Hlwlirellnt ,i oel~1 le ~I_d. __bUl ~d din
~i d(' 300 -2bO l.e.n.~', fu priD~ tau Mit epocii lAlkne, lepturilol ~Il etlji
indi rect ... 'fraM-ptii au trlulIlui re!iJor unele lellUl 101& arU otieillala. In
, a heme.oidA
rb1>lnilit, ptfllwn ie ,tie, moth-pl de.:orati\ repl'tuotfl:uI
~u O 1111.' [iati ori o pa&4.re ripitoa.re deror1nd ilO animAl d(}~ie.1,I "'A,ct$t motiv dl'(.'(Irativ '-II f'lWl~lndlt ~i in arhl ctltici", Intcl:I.lJlI.i ca ti tn !!ta
Pe ooiful de IlIU' de III ('oofen~ti M! rid Auimale bOI:u;t!ce (iel'orill d
oorpul M or animale,
De .uemenea, Uloth'ele de lUliml1le tuDta51iee din am ceh iei ~i IIU prototipul
. . . Jlfl':loll"l' . l~ret.'IlJt1 fAc~ ObitT\AjJ~ de mult. p , J aeobstb.a.I-, dar ralea d~
. . . .~ IJpTe Europa /'enm " s-a ~ l iI:a(. prin Inl8bled lu l traco-getlkK-. A~I
deeoral \- intilnim - p~um am \-bui - ~ pe ooifu J de IIIlI' de In Col0ft-

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,mgllle il'lluianA POti_
. '1
I . ftt
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re te ll iei dup (4d~ 1~V"!riulu~IOllemr, a1leml'nido-Ptnllne 11-,. .l!l'\\l1I."" ma....' l .... Il~\ertal cu Iin.iu~ OriEQnla~~~ poate ~I.'~ CI " lII.t,....nl dt<:o, . totul . t n\i.n de cel d"
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NI 8 ('11 butou la CII]lClt, mU~l iO!'! din dQuA brate lntlrite (11 oerwrl din~le {i ltopte
. . . . ele teu d oul mIU; di&c1lr de CIU'fl te leagi prin iDe16; la ull'ft!lllilili- bltorale a.I6
4IIIor d au!!. br.!.le IIJe mu~ti u<:ulni II1Ilt. (in!i buton) lU!Di~i. A_I Ujl Ik
ilhI' e.!1.e t.!e mult <:ulIOI\Cul din p ubliCII.ia loi t;. J'~ (Iig. '2)"' ti ~e origiuc
nae. 'Ft\ri. lndolal:\ c tn.eii au p~l l1at d~ b ri _ t tip o:kI Y".. Il, (& li Ilttll-,
~ ba leJlcr>l.l..,. y"r~t.. 1" li km l l1l1l de ~ialilale de ..bale tnKk..,.. ao. .......' .. ~
laIII' ~\'olu~ie, cum Il putut dO"oo i nu de mult Iv. Vmedilw,', rcl"",;ndu.eelD ~1aI.
la . . elelli~ticA. pinA. Ia Jlrilllllo jumAlat~ a lII!f'. 1 1..
~tudlul an'i fi 008lillUi
. . . . In de.t\'oltarea zAbalelor lneioe,
C1UlOIIII multe elem plare din epoca La.ti;noe
dia Bulgaria. UJlt:le au muliuul d in dou& plri k-ga~(' f."\I .. mgile II dtl\li di.ecuri "
_pul aooperit ('(1 inple dinate ca uen,pb.rel\' de la A(ighiol-. Aleme_ tipVi de
alt.Je '.llIl r!l..!ip1ndit ti III l ugo.o;b\'ia. !-:e CUnoa!jle dII ai'; UD uempl4r t u ciru:i illtle
.",e te dOllOOperi l.e in baJ.illul &'ei-. Enffi[>U.1'1l1 _Ia a fo..l falA nwn.tlnit, dar
ti "", ulnl' acclai ti p cu mu~tiuenl din \.Iod plrt.i ~i ('U(I apa!1mt - J]l\ll\e. lIarit--'1 l fW"'ict>. l.n"lele dintale sInt mobile ~i p~ ilnl .. inlilare ~r d~ la A&ithtol.
Seria d Ol'nme.D.Ultl de exe.mpllmle de ta A(ighiol. ehilu" tbd MltlKle de 111 1ID.
JlIIDf.etip greooac, d(l\'ne earaeteri5ticl regiunii II'!W-gnite. , i ate 1) e," oluie de-a IUDa-I epoci i LIlll>ne_ E:c.empJar ul de li}...\ gigbiol delCOperit intrUD mQlnnl gl!tkl din

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12

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Avem ~e.1I. taco

un m~tel!ug ~i (1 ariA s 9tfo\TlrJej <!Gfl ) din M'(:t,le V_ I V
1..... au cont muet ai ~ dU\'61!<u pilli la eurirlllt l)~lei ,1 dup' acll fl~ IlIlnt.. riortJl
~'ei, f iti 110 dudJ liheri. Primii "'",p' :1 un~1 ad(\d~lItQ ~rt" fl. a;~inhllILJ ...t .. re:.
I Pdl'DtMl d .. :.<.tI \ lr&l'O-IWt ti., tllro nu m.:,[ poate fi COIl!lil'l('rahl. nki it!!'A nk,
~.tl'lu; i("" p"nrru Bulpd~ ~i DObr" J(l'a'. 'rrhw~s, ~tudhll flirm/'Ior, 111 H~'ului
" IDGIhrelor d~oTl. tJ\'e d!; 'l'd~ bU jlel'ior;latM ~i uri,ltinnlitll.tca lortn !~u 11'fI/'(I'&'etl~
ti dlinuirea ti \n Ae\:hJek! uTmltoart. ToatA Kl1I r"1 (:('\01' sprottlma'[v n, tip (..zaUI"!! oi..
.....t gettHl aoo IlllnotcUte " inA ~ t um nu fl'OlIote fi ftlyttJ; nit. tie mOOll,1 auW/lUnI,
.... de anI\. t rtl<'O'geticii, a,a turn ~lt ta d'.IClIlrJenttll'- 11) I]lud (It' UHlrtlllntuJ do 1&
...... i.r>1 "U!""'l uru}", 111.1 der.;rabA rnormln.! ,.prillcinr', dl:l la etloloYll. NumrN)akle
t
lire lI:otndtOl! au fOllt lu(:rnte In 'ttf"l1ltlf' !lutierl' 1(I('lIle, tmdo dintre t ie t iind

,i

II. tUreeu leglHu rl (U

!lncil"t i cu IIrltoerat ;a lIutohl(olll, indeO'ebi (:ti I1!pre

. 'e ri l de M!Il.mllli aorteill, nOIJllil tUnd fIO"'!I'orii Imor at,.re a",ri ~i rcntrl' TAtiitii ~tl. (' irl,i ulare61 in IiWlC!ffiene.. teUl~A heeJo~1 filmrl, cit ~J tebnkl> In gtoera!
" aiUvi '1 obiett.!lor II!t'llead: IJentru (o 1 ", l u( l'II~ I)e. !oe, de ~AtJ't atelierele locale.
C"'. mette4u p r Oll ti C!lIll au ar.i1!.,t tI unele d 1)~rjri ~rboo[oilice ('ct i D~("i I;> de
...... de la eo. t.qtl ) -!le Infir rp$ln _i In t:ctJi iJe a.,edrlle opVlilllllCl (,'ni urme tlll
.tslkn ,. POial_'" 1'~I('aj l~ geto -d8tCl, inuudt ~Htea er-jU Jltl ullmai centre miii_
polit ice rellaOlI.8e oconom ite ,i lW<lude, dat ,1 tentre In e,re putea Inflori meoj_
' lli '
t1t'aJIII .rrlntui
fi at ta orren4r iei. OUHl In intulof ul ee tAtllo l t i ~I al.t\(lt opp; II
........... de fel! re Infir ipau ~j ~vlfll,te ceu lre d e deafal;(:re a ptot.l Ullelor 10000[e

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"II"nU l1li1 lu illlf'l'iuru.l pil'~i, ffl (;" . "1'111 11(.

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-irala SAU \' ll'bila," u ll. T\.ulpia.
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1JIt,-ui1e tradi\iolu,1c aJe alt .i tra<'it." .,1 "II- IU, ........ "'....a ... lOt u. _ _ _ ",,1.

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