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ORGANIZACIN DEL AULA

EN EDUCACIN INFANTIL
Tcnicas y Estrategias para Optimizar los
Recursos en el Aula de Educacin Infantil

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ORGANIZACIN DEL AULA


EN EDUCACIN INFANTIL
Desde hace unos aos ha aumentado en gran medida el inters acerca de la
mejor forma de organizar el aula. En la actualidad, los estudiosos y profesionales
de la educacin infantil prestan especial atencin a este tema, ya que antes no
se le daba la importancia que mereca.
En este manual, que Ideaspropias Editorial le presenta, se abordan temas
referentes a las caractersticas espaciales de las aulas, la distribucin del tiempo
en funcin de las necesidades del alumno, la ordenacin y organizacin de los
espacios, la adquisicin de diferentes aprendizajes a travs del juego, los diferentes
recursos y materiales didcticos y los problemas derivados del orden en el aula.
El objetivo general de este manual es presentar las pautas para organizar
eficazmente la distribucin del espacio, los materiales y los tiempos en el aula.

ISBN 10: 84-96578-97-6


ISBN 13: 978-84-96578-97-5

9 788496 578975

EDITORIAL

www.ideaspropiaseditorial.com

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