Absorption of Ammonia in Packed Tower

Equilibrium Data
x
y
Given
0
0
293K, 101.3 kPa
0.0208
0.0158
Condition
x
y
0.0258
0.0197
1
0.0290315
0.04
0.0309
0.0239
2
0
0.005
0.0405
0.0328
0.0503
0.0416
L'
68 kgmol/hr
V1
57.8 kgmol/hr
ky'a
kx'a

68
70.03316583
68
69.01658291

Bottom (First Condition)

ya
0.04 1-yag
xa
0.029031471 1-xal
First Trial
(1-y)
(1-x)
m
yai
xai

0.96 y=mx+b
0.970968529 b
-2.261041
0.0274 1-yai
0.0346 1-xai

y
0.04
0.031250
0.022500
0.013750
0.005

0.0739 kgmol/s-m3-mol frac

0.169 kgmol/s-m3-mol frac

Diameter

L'
L1
L2
Lave

h
0.008750
Operating Line
x
Bottom
0.0290315
0.0217
0.0144
0.0072
Top
0

V'
V1
V2
Vave

0.747 m

55.488
57.8
55.766834
56.783417

Bottom Composition
x
y
First Trial
0.029031471
0.0346
Second Trial 0.029031471
0.0346

Top Composition
x
0.04
0.0274
0.04
0.0273

Top (Second Cond

ya
xa

0.96
0.9709685

0.105640

0.9726
0.9654

0
0.0017

Second Trial
(1-y)im
0.96628631 y=mx+b
(1-x)im
0.9681816 b
0.10626
m
-2.282397
(1-ai)
(1-a)im
yai
0.0273
0.9727 0.9663361
xai
0.0346
0.9654 0.9681816

m
b
yai
xai
(1-y)im
(1-x)im

(a)
Simplified Design Method with EC and OL are straight
Bottom (First Condition)
Top (Second Condition)
ya
0.04 xa
0.0290315
ya
0.005 xa
yai
0.0273 xai
0.0346
yai
0.0013 xai
(y-yi)1
0.0127 (x-xi)1
0.0055685
(y-yi)1
0.0037 (x-xi)1
(y-yi)m
(x-xi)m

0.007297677
0.003260437

Gas
2.336937703 m

0.04
0.03125
0.02250
0.01375
0.005

1-y

Method with EC and OL not straight

1-xi
0.0346
0.0265
0.0183
0.01
0.0017

yi
0.96
0.96875
0.9775
0.98625
0.995

Vave
Lave
ky'a
kx'a
S

Liquid
2.3059351 m

(b)
Simplified Design
Operating Line
x
1-x
xi
0.0290315 0.970968529
0.0217
0.9783
0.0144
0.9856
0.0072
0.9928
0
1
y

0
0.0017
0.0017

0.9654
0.9735
0.9817
0.99
0.9983
1-yi

0.0273
0.020306
0.013608
0.007366
0.0013

0.9727
0.979694
0.986392
0.992634
0.9987

(xi-x)^-1
(1-x)im
(1-x)im/(1-x)
179.58064 0.9681816 0.99712974
208.33333 0.975898 0.99754475
256.41026 0.9836487 0.9980202
357.14286 0.9913993 0.99858918
588.23529 0.9991498 0.99914976

h
0.00726
f(x0)
179.58064262
f(x1)
821.88644689
f(x2)
588.23529412
dx/(xi-x)
8.7513544173
[(1-x)im/(1-x)]ave
0.998087

(y-yi)^-1
(1-y)im
(1-y)im/(1-y) V
h
0.008750
78.740157 0.9663361 1.00660009
57.8 f(x0)
78.74015748
91.374269 0.9742118 1.00563794 57.27793548 f(x1)
360.47651179
112.46064 0.9819393 1.00454147 56.76521739 f(x2)
270.27027027
156.6416 0.9894386 1.00323302 56.26159696 dx/(xi-x)
4.6810900996
270.27027 0.9968489 1.00185815 55.76683417 [(1-x)im/(1-x)]ave
1.004374

Overall Gas and Liquid Transfer Coefficient

(a)
Simplified Design Method with EC and OL are straight
Bottom (First Condition)
Top (Second Condition)
ya
0.04 xa
0.0290315
ya
0.005 xa
y*
0.0225 x*
0.0485
y*
0 x*
(ya-y*)
0.0175 (x*-x)
0.0194685
(ya-y*)
0.005 (x*-x)
yai
0.0273 xai
0.0346
yai
0.0013 xai
(1-y)im
0.966336091 (i-x)im
0.9681816
(1-y)im
0.99684886 (i-x)im
m'
m''

0.86199156
0.913669065

(1-y).m

0.968723655 (1-x).m

Gas
Liquid
Ky'a

13.07626645 Gas
4.938250672 Liquid
0.053774611 Kx'a

(1-y)/(1-y)im 0.990994692

(y-y*)m
dy/(y-y*)

0.009977945
3.507736312

2.327603027
2.314208271 for =1

0
0.007
0.007
0.0017
0.999150

m'
m''

0.76470588
0.69811321

0.9612014

(y-y*).m

0.99749791 (x*-x).m

0.9964959

14.311819
5.7288852
0.0479625

Gas
Liquid
Ky'a

13.4891591 Gas
4.52103963 Liquid
0.05538517 Kx'a

19.322309
5.9121288
0.0394895

(1-y)/(1-y)im

0.99749582

Vave
Lave
ky'a
kx'a
S

Ky'ave
[(1-y)/(1-y)im]ave

(b)
Simplified Design
Operating Line
y
1-y
y*
0.04
0.96
0.03125
0.96875
0.0225
0.9775
0.01375
0.98625
0.005
0.995

yi
0.0273
0.020306
0.013608
0.007366
0.0013

y*

xi
0.0225
0.0164
0.0106
0.0052
0

Method with EC and OL not straight

ky'a
0.0739
kx'a
0.169
1-y*
m'
(1-y)im
(1-x)im
(1-y).m
Gas
Liquid
Ky'a
0.0225
0.9775 0.8619871 0.9663361 0.9681816 0.968723655 13.076266 4.9382250345 0.053775
0.0164
0.9836
0.81375 0.9742118 0.97589803 0.976156174 13.182838 4.6990356451 0.054589
0.0106
0.9894 0.7712821 0.9819393 0.98364871
0.983438 13.287406 4.4891751236 0.055322
0.0052
0.9948 0.7735714 0.9894386 0.99139934 0.99051885 13.388885 4.5379775414 0.055253
0
1 0.7647059 0.9968489 0.99914976 0.997497911 13.489159 4.5210396333 0.055385

x
0.0346 0.0290315
0.0265
0.0217
0.0183
0.0144
0.01
0.0072
0.0017
0

(Ky'a)ave
Vave
S

0.05486489
56.7743168
0.4380

[(1-y)/(1-y).m]ave
h
f(x0)
f(x1)
f(x2)
dy/(y-y*)

0.00875
57.142857143
268.33274511
200
3.4729115197

2.2924656101

0.994111

0.045
f(x) = 2.5285882196x^2 + 0.7014806162x + 7.20084492792781E-007
f(x)
1.2058269678x + 0.0050561523
R ==0.9998821617
R = 0.999981172

0.04
0.035
0.03
0.025

Ya
0.02
0.015
0.01

y
0.005
0.0013

0.005
0

econd Condition)
0.005 1-yag
0 1-xal

0.995
1

-2.275440
0.005
0.0013 (1-yi)
0.0017 (1-xi)
0.996848856
0.999149759

0.9987
0.9983

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

Xa
Equilibrium Curve

Polynomial (Equilibrium Curve)

Operating

Linear (Operating Line)

Bottom Composition First Trial

Bottom Co

Top Composition

0.0217 0.0265

Column R

Column R

Column AB

Column AB

Column AB

Column AB

Column AB

Column AB

Column AB

0.0144 0.0

Column AB

Column AB

56.78341709
69.01658291
0.0739
0.169
0.4380

m
-2.28
y=mx+b
EC:
x
y
b
x1
0.029
0.04
0.10612
0.0217
0.031250 0.080726
0.0144 0.022500 0.055332
0.0072 0.013750 0.030166
0
0.005
0.005
x

Lave
kx'a
S
z

2 Bulk
Interphase
3 Bulk
Interphase
4 Bulk
Interphase

69.01658
0.169
0.4380
2.262023 m
(a)

V'
Vave
ky'a
S
z

55.488
56.7834
0.0739
0.4380
2.290901 m

y
0.04
0.03125
0.0225
0.01375
0.005

2.5286X^2+0.7015X-7*10^-7
y1
0.0346 0.027232
Bottom
0.0265 0.020306
0.0183 0.013608
0.01 0.007366
0.0016 0.001352
Top

y
0.0217
0.0265
0.0144
0.0183
0.0072
0.01

x
0.029
0.0217
0.0144
0.0072
0
x*

0.031250
0.020306
0.022500
0.013608
0.013750
0.007366

Bottom

Top

ky'a

(b)

(y-yi)^-1
78.740157
91.374269
112.46064
156.6416
270.27027

Ky'a

0.04
0.03125
0.0225
0.01375
0.005

(y-yi)^-1
57.142857
67.340067
84.033613
116.95906
200

0.0485
0.0391
0.029
0.0184
0.007

k'ya

56.78341709
69.01658291
0.0739
0.169
0.4380

300

250

200

0.05457989

(y-yi)^-1

150

0.994245257
100

50

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.0

V'

55.488

K'ya

(y-y*)^-1
(1-y)/(1-y).m V
57.14285714 0.990995
57.8
67.34006734 0.992413 57.277935
84.03361345 0.993962 56.765217
116.9590643 0.99569 56.261597
200 0.997496 55.766834

250

200

150

(y-y*)^-1
100

50

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

Am
0.045

0.04

0.035

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.015

0.01
Operating Line
Bottom Composition Second Trial
Column R

0.005

Column AB
Column AB
0.0144 0.029

0.01

0.02

Equilbr

y*

x
0.0225
0.0164
0.0106
0.0052
0

y
0.04
0.03125
0.0225
0.01375
0.005

1 Bulk
Fictitious
2 Bulk
Fictitious
3 Bulk
Fictitious
4 Bulk
Fictitious
5 Bulk
Fictitious

y
0.029
0.029
0.0217
0.0217
0.0144
0.0144
0.0072
0.0072
0
0

y
y
y
y
y
x

1 Bulk
Fictitious
2 Bulk
Fictitious
3 Bulk
Fictitious
4 Bulk
Fictitious
5 Bulk
Fictitious

x
x
x
x
x

0.04
0.0225
0.03125
0.0164
0.0225
0.0106
0.01375
0.0052
0.005
0
y

0.029
0.0485
0.0217
0.0391
0.0144
0.029
0.0072
0.0184
0
0.007

0.04
0.04
0.03125
0.03125
0.0225
0.0225
0.01375
0.01375
0.005
0.005

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

25

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

25

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

Ammonia - Water

0.02

0.03
Equilbrium Curve

0.04
Operating Line

0.05

0.06