Bone

Compact osteon
Cancellous/spongy bones
trabeculae
Trabeculae lamellae
arranged in an irreg. lattice
work
Long

Bones
Diaphysis tubular shaft
Epiphysis at each end
Epiphyseal cartilage in the
middle
Metaphysic contains
Epiphyseal cart.
Periosteum covers the outer
part of shaft
Endosteum inner part

Short bones
Cuboidal in shape
Mostly cancellous bone
Flat bones
Mostly found in the skull
Ribs, sternum
Irregular bone
E.g., skull bones, vertebrae,
pelvic bones
Sesamoid Bone
Found in certain tendons where
they rub over bony surfaces
Func reduce friction on the
tendon; increase mech.
advantage
Patella largest sesamoid
bone
Fabella post. Part of the knee
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Surface Marking of the Bones
1. Linear elevation
Line
Ridge
Crest
2. Rounded elevation
Tubercle smooth
Protuberence
Tuberosiry rough

3.
4.

5.
6.

7.

Malleolus
Trochanter
Sharp elevation
Spine / spinous process
Styloid process
Expanded ends for
articulation
Head
Condyle
Epicondyle
Small flat area for
articulation
Facet
Depressions
Notch deep
Groove / sulcus straight
Fossa shallow
Openings
Fissure elongated
Foramen rounded
Canal tubular
Meatus tubular

Cartilage
Connective tissue in which the
cells are embedded in a gel-like
matrix
Gel-like matrix resp. for its
firmness and resilience
Perichondrium covers
cartilage
1. Hyaline Cartilage
- E.g., articular cartilage
2. Fibrocartilage
- Found in discs with joints
- e.g., TMJ (Jaw), SC joint,
patellofemoral joints
3. Elastic cartlage
- Auricle of the ear, external
auditory meatus, auditory
tube(middle ear), epiglottis
Ectoderm
Origin of skin and CNS
Eye, inner ear, mucosa
Mesoderm
Muscle and bone
B.V., cartilages, joints
Suprarenal cartilage

Entoderm
Epithelial lining of GIT
Glands, lining of Respi Tract
Urogenital tract
Reproductive organ

Pharyngotymphanic organ