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CHARACTERISTICS OF
INDUCTION MOTOR
By
Avinash Srivastava
Ravi Kumar
(MTECH CAID MSRIT)
Basic Induction Motor
Concepts
The Development of Induced Torque in an
Induction Motor
τ ind = kB R ×B S
If the induction motor’s rotor were the rotor bars would be stationary relative
turning at synchronous speed to the magnetic field
f r =sf e
since slip is given by
−
nsync n
S = m
nsync
And since nsync =120fe / P,
fr =
P
( nsync − nm )
120
– The Rotor Circuit Model
– The reactance of an induction motor rotor depends on the inductance of the rotor and the frequency
of the voltage and current in the rotor. With a rotor inductance of LR, the rotor reactance is:
rω π
– The rotor current flow is XR =
L = fL 2
R r R
Sincef sf r =
e ,
X R s= =
fL
e2Rπ
sX R 0
ER ER ER
IR = = 0
=
RR + jX R RR + RRR + jX
0jsX
s R0
– The Final Equivalent Circuit
To produce the final per-phase equivalent circuit for an induction motor,
it is necessary to refer the rotor part of the model over to the stator side.
If the effective turns ratio of an induction motor is aeff , then the
transformed rotor voltage becomes
By definition, air gap power is the power transferred from the stator to the rotor via the air gap in the induction machine. Based upon
P
• the induction motor equivalent circuit, the air gap power may be defined as: P
τ = conv
or τ = AG
ind
ωm
ind
ω sync
R2
PAGperphase I = 22
s
h en
Our next task is to find I2 (current flow c
inet o
thetala
, irg
rotor a pp o
circuit). wereasiest
The : way is via the construction of the Thevenin equivalent circuit.
•
R2
PAG I=3 2
2
s
Calculation via thevenin equivalent method
1. Derive the thevenin voltage (potential divider rule):
jX m
VTH = Vφ
R1 + jX 1 + jXm
Hence the magnitude of thevenin voltage:
Xm
VTH = Vφ
R12 + ( X 1 + mX)
2
Take out the source and replace it with a short circuit, and derive the
equivalent impedances.
X TH ≈X 1
Representing the stator circuit by the thevenin equivalent, and
adding back the rotor circuit, we can derive I2,
VTH
I2 =
R
RTH + 2 + j( X TH + X2 )
Hence the magnitude will be, s
VTH
I2 =
( )
2
R2
(+ 2+)X
2
RTH + X TH
s
Hence air gap power,
2
VTH R 2
PAG = 3
(R ) 2 s
2
R
TH + 2 + X
s ( TH+ X 2)
R
+X(TH X occurs
2)
2
Hence maximum
2
power
= R+T2H transfer during
s
2
3VTH
Put in the value ofτ max = into the torque equation,
Smax
2ω sync RTH + R2TH + ( X TH + X2 )
2
• From above equation we conclude that:
1. Torque is related to the square of the applied voltage
2. Torque is also inversely proportional to the machine
impedances
3. Slip during maximum torque is dependent upon rotor
resistance
4. Torque is also independent to rotor resistance as shown in
the maximum torque equation