400kv Protection

400KV PROTECTION
PREPARED BY
GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
gk_aptransco@yahoo.co.in,
Mobile:9440336984
BASICS
OF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

BUS-1
1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED.
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUS-2

BUS-1
2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER-CONNECTED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS.
BUS-1
BUS-2
BUS-2

BUS-1
3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB.
1-52 CB
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
BUS-2

BUS-1
4. LINE - 1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB.

5. LINE - 2 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB.
1-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
1-52 CB
LINE-1
6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e

A. VIA BUS-1 & 1-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-2, 3-52 CB & 2-52 CB
7. LINE-2 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e
A. VIA BUS-2 & 3-52 CB
B. VIA BUS-1, 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.

9. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-2 THE 3-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.
1-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
10. FOR ANY PROBLEM IN LINE-1 OR LINE-2 ALONG WITH MAIN BREAKER
THE MIDDLE BREAKER OR SAY TIE BREAKER (2-52 CB) MUST TRIP.
1-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2

BUS-1
1-52 CB
LINE-1
11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER

IS SUFFICIENT FOR ONE FEEDER.
12. HERE TWO FEEDERS ARE CONTROLED BY THREE BREAKERS.
13. SO THESE TWO FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
IT IS CALLED ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM.
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-2
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2
1-52 CB
LINE-1
2-52 CB
LINE-2
14. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-1 & LINE-1 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-1.
BUS-1
MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2
LINE-1
2-52 CB
LINE-2
15. THE BAY BETWEEN LINE-1 & LINE-2 IS CALLED TIE BAY FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.
BUS-1
1-52 CB
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
3-52 CB
LINE-1
BUS-2
LINE-2
TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.
LINE-2
3-52 CB
BUS-2
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-1
LINE-2
MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2
2-52 CB
16. THE BAY BETWEEN BUS-2 & LINE-2 IS CALLED MAIN BAY FOR FEEDER-2.
LINE-1
1-52 CB
BUS-1
LINE-2
3-52 CB
BUS-2
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-1
LINE-2
2-52 CB
17. IN THIS SYSTEM FULL DIA MEANS 2 FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY 3 CBs.

18. HALF DIA MEANS 1 FEEDER CONTROLLED BY 2 CBs.
(Nothing but Double CB System)
LINE-1
1-52 CB
BUS-1
3-52 CB
BUS-2
BUS-2
1-52 CB
3-52 CB
2-52 CB
LINE-1
LINE-2
LINE-2
BUS-1
2-52 CB

ADE/MRT/ T&C/400KV SS/
O/O CE/400KV / L&SS/ VS
APTRANSCO, HYDERABAD
gk_aptransco@yahoo.co.in
Mobile: 9440336984
LINE-1
1-52 CB
BUS-1
SUBSTATION DESIGN/LAYOUT
DIA6
BAY17
BAY18
BAY14
BAY15
BAY16
DIA5
BAY11
BAY8
BAY9
BAY5
FEEDER11
BAY13
DIA4
FEEDER9
BAY10
DIA3
BAY6
BAY2
BAY3
FEEDER7
BAY12
DIA2
BAY1
BUS-1 DIA1
FEEDER5
BAY7
FEEDER3
BAY4
FEEDER1
(I-CONFIGUARATION)
BUS-2
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FEEDER6
FEEDER8
FEEDER10
FEEDER12
(D-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER5
FEEDER10
BAY14
BAY13
BAY7
DIA1
FEEDER9
BAY8
BAY3
BAY1
BAY2
FEEDER6
DIA3
BAY15
FEEDER2
BAY9
FEEDER1
DIA5
BUS-1
BAY5
FEEDER3
BAY11
FEEDER4
FEEDER7
DIA6
BAY18
BAY16
DIA4
BAY12
BAY10
DIA2
BAY6
BAY4
BUS-2
BAY17
FEEDER8
FEEDER11
FEEDER12
(DOUBLE BUS & DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM)
FEEDER1
FEEDER3
FEEDER1
FEEDER3
BAY6
BAY5
BAY2
BAY1
BAY7
BAY5
BAY3
BAY1
BUS-1
BUS-1
BAY8
BAY7
BAY4
BAY3
BAY8
BAY6
BAY4
BAY2
BUS-2
BUS-2
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FEEDER2
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM
FEEDER 8
FEEDER 1
1-52 CB
FEEDER 2
2-52 CB
8-52 CB
FEEDER 7
3-52 CB
MESH / RING
LAYOUT
7-52 CB
4-52 CB
5-52 CB
6-52 CB
FEEDER 6
FEEDER 3
FEEDER 5
FEEDER 4
(DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM)
T/F-1
T/F-2
BUS-2
BAY3
BAY1
BAY2
FEEDER1 FEEDER2
BAY4
TRANSFER BUS
BAY5
TRANSFER BUS
COUPLER
BUS COUPLER
BUS-1
BAY6
BAY7
BAY8
FEEDER3 FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 400 & 220 KV SYSTEM
(DOUBLE MAIN BUS & CB BYPASS ISO SYSTEM)
T/F-1
BAY1
BAY2
T/F-2
BAY6
BAY4
BUS COUPLER
BUS-1
BAY7
BUS-2
BAY3
FEEDER1
FEEDER2
BAY5
WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR

PREVENTIVE MAINTANENCE THEN ALL
OTHER
FEEDERS
SHIFTED
TO
ANOTHER BUS OF FAULTED CB BUS
AND CLOSE THE BYPASS ISOLATOR,
THEN PROTECTION IS SHIFTED TO BUS
COUPLER AND OPEN THE FAULTY CB.
FEEDER3
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220KV SYSTEM
(SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM)
T/F-2
T/F-1
TRANSFER BUS COUPLER
TRANSFER BUS
BUS-1
BAY1
FEEDER1
BAY2
FEEDER2
BAY3
BAY4
BAY5
BAY6
FEEDER3
BAY7
FEEDER4
FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220 & 132 KV SYSTEM
CT METHODS
IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM
CB
LINE
CB
LINE
LINE
LINE
LINE
LINE
CB
CB
3 CT METHOD
CB
CB
4 CT METHOD
CB
CB
CB
5 CT METHOD
CB
CB
CB
6 CT METHOD
CB
CB
CB
6 CT METHOD
CB
CB
6 CT METHOD
CB
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
AT/F
ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

(3CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
P1
P1
3 3-CT
1-89A
3-89A
3
3
2-CT
P1
2-89A 2-52CB
1-89L
P2
2-89B
3-89T
LINE 1
T/F-1

(4CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
P1
P1
3 3-CT
1-89A
3-89A
P2
2-89A
1-89L
P1
2-BCT
2-ACT
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89T
LINE 1
T/F-1

(5CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
3P1
3 3-CT
P1
1-89A
3-89A
2-CT
2-89A
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
1-89L
1L-CT
3-89T
P2
3P1
P2
P1
3 3T-CT
LINE 1
T/F-1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
P2
P1
3-89
31A-CT
3A-CT
1-52CB
P2
P2
3 P1
3-52CB
3 1B-CT
3B-CT
P1
1-89A
P1
3-89A
2-89A
P1
2B-CT
P2
2A-CT
1-89L
P2
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89T
T/F-1
LINE 1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
3-89
1-52CB
P2
3-52CB
3 1-CT
3-CT
P1
1-89A
2-89A
P1
P2
2B-CT
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
1-89L
31L-CT
P1
LINE 1
P1
3-89A
2A-CT
P2
P2
3-89T
3T-CT
P2
3 P1
T/F-1

(6CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
P2
P2
3 1-CT
1-52CB
3-52CB
1-89A
3-89A
2-89A
P1
2B-CT
P2
2A-CT
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
1-89L
31L-CT
P1
LINE 1
3 3-CT
P1
P1
P2
3-89
3-89T
3T-CT
P2
3 P1
T/F-1
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS
DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

SYSTEM ADOPTED IN GIS
DS : DISCONNECTOR SWITCH, GS: GROUNDING SWITCH, CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER, VD: VOLTAGE DIVIDER
1-1/2 CB SYSTEM
(SIEMENS VATECH)
VD
VD
CT
DS
CT
CB
CT
DS
DS
CT
CB
GS
GS
GS
GS
VD
GS
GS
GS
GS
VD
CT
DS
DS
CT
CB
DS
CORE WISE
APLICATION OF
CTs IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CONNECTIONS IN 3CT METHOD
1 CT
2 CT
3 CT
CORE 1
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE

CONNECTED IN PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO MAIN
PROTECTION FOR
TRANSFORMER
CORE 2
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)

CONNECTED TO BACKUP
PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR
FOR TRANSFORMER
( PS)
( PS)
CORE 3
SPARE
CORE 4
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR

SPARE
FEEDER
( 0.5 / 0.2)
(0.5 / 0.2)
METERING & ENERGY METER

FOR AT/F
BUSBAR-2
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1 CT
2 CT
3 CT
CORE 1
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION

CONNECTED TO MAIN
PROTECTION FOR
TRANSFORMER
CORE 2
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)

CONNECTED TO BACKUP
PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR
FOR TRANSFORMER
( PS)
( PS)
CORE 3
METERING & ENERGY METER FOR

SPARE
FEEDER
CORE 4

CONNECTED TO MAIN-2
PROTECTION AFTER LBB/BFR FOR
(0.5 / 0.2)
( PS)
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1- CT
2-BCT
2-ACT
3-CT
CT SECONDARY
CT SECONDARY
SPARE
SPARE
CORE-1
CORE IS
CORE IS
(PS)
CONNECTED TO
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
CORE-2
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
(PS)
CONNECTED TO
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
SPARE
SPARE
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
CORE-3

CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER

CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS & ENERGY METER
CORE-4

CONNECTED TO
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR

CONNECTED TO
BACKUP PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR
CORE-5

CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION

CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND CONNECTED TO
MAIN PROTECTION
(0.5/0.2)
(PS)
(PS)
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1-CT
1-LCT
2-CT
3-TCT
3-CT
CORE-1
(PS)
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
CORE-2
(PS)
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
SPARE
METERING &
ENERGY
METER
SPARE
METERING &
ENERGY
METER
SPARE
CORE-4
(PS)
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
AFTER
LBB/BFR
(1-52)
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 1&2)
AFTER
LBB/BFR
(2-52)
BACKUP
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-2
(BAY 2&3)
AFTER
LBB/BFR
(3-52)
CORE-5
(PS)
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 1&2)
MAIN
PROTECTION
TEED PROT-1
(BAY 2&3)
Paralleling of 2Nos CTs to the Main-1/Main-2/Backup line protection is not required. This gives better
transient response. Separate STUB protection can be connected (Nothing BUT TEED Protection).
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
(GIS or AIS with DEAD TANK CBs)
1B-CT
CORE-1
(PS)
CORE-2
(PS)
CORE-3
(0.5/0.2)
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-1
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
SPARE
1A-CT
2B-CT
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2A-CT
3A-CT
2CTs SECONDARIES
ARE CONNECTED
IN PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE

CONNECTED IN
CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND
PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
CONNECTED TO
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
BACKUP PROTECTION
AFTER LBB/BFR
AFTER LBB/BFR
2CTs SECONDARIES ARE 2CTs SECONDARIES ARE
CONNECTED IN
CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND
PARALLEL AND
CONNECTED TO
CONNECTED TO
PANEL METERS &
PANEL METERS &
ENERGY METER
ENERGY METER
3B-CT
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION
BUSBAR-2
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
(SPARE)
SPARE
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
1-CT
CORE1
(PS)
CORE2
(PS)
1L-CT 2A-CT 2B-CT
3T-CT
3-CT
TEED
PROT-1
(BAY
1&2)
SPARE
SPARE
TEED
PROT-1
(BAY
2&3)
BUSBAR
-2
PROTEC
TION
BUSBAR
-1
CHECKU
P
TEED
PROT-2
(BAY
1&2)
SPARE
SPARE
TEED
PROT-2
(BAY
2&3)
BUSBAR
-2
CHECKU
P
SPARE
METERI
NG &
ENERGY
METER
SPARE
BUSBAR
-1
PROTEC
TION
PROTECTIO
N (SPARE)
CORE3
(0.5/0.
2)
SPARE
METERI
NG &
ENERGY
METER
PROTECTIO
N (SPARE)
SPARE
CT CORES
CONEECTION
DIAGRAMS IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
3
3
3
2
BB-EVT
/ CVT
1-52CB
BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT
2
CORES
3
4
3
3
3
3
P1
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
MAIN-2/BACKUP PROTECTION
3
BUS
METERING
1-89
P2
BUS BAR PROTECTION
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

1-CT
5
1-89L
1-CVT
ONE & HALF BREAKER ( 3 CT METHOD) WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

87BB1
BUSBAR-1
79
CVT
VBB1
21M1
VBB1
VL1
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L 21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
BF
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
VBB2
CVT
VBB2
79
MAIN-2
PROTECTION OF LINE2
(OR TRANSFORMER, IF APPLICABLE)
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2
FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION &

METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS
FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED .

87BB1
BUSBAR-1
79
CVT
VBB1
21M1
VBB1
VL1
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L 21M2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
BF
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
VBB2
CVT
VBB2
79
MAIN-2
PROTECTION OF LINE2
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
CVT
21M1
VBB1
BF
79
VBB1
VL1
25
87L 21M2
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
VBB2
CVT
VBB2
BF
79
MAIN-2
PROTECTION OF LINE2
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
21M1
79
CVT
VBB1
VBB1
VL1
87 TD1 HZ
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L 21M2
87 TD2 LZ
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF
VBB2
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
CVT
VBB2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
87 TD2 LZ
PROTECTION OF LINE2
MAIN-2
79
87 TD1 HZ
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
21M1
79
CVT
VBB1
VBB1
VL1
87 TD1 HZ
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
BF
87L 21M2
87 TD2 LZ
VL1
CVT
VL1
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
.
BF
VBB2
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
CVT
VBB2
CVT VL2
MAIN-1
87 TD2 LZ
PROTECTION OF LINE2
MAIN-2
79
87 TD1 HZ
25
BUSBAR-2
87BB2


87BB1
BUSBAR-1
21M1
VL1
87 TD1 HZ
CVT
VBB1
BF
79
VBB1
87L 21M2
87 TD2 LZ
VL1
CVT
VL1
25
VL1 / VL2
OR VBB2
FEEDER1 / LINE1
79
VL1 / VBB1
VL2 / VBB2
VL2 / VL1
OR VBB1
VBB2
25
BF
FEEDER2 / LINE2
79
CVT VL2
25
MAIN-1
87 TD2 LZ
PROTECTION OF LINE2
MAIN-2
BF
VBB2
CVT
87 TD1 HZ
BUSBAR-2
87BB2

COMPARISION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CT METHODS

CT
PURPOSE
3 CT
METHOD
4 CT
METHOD
6 CT (S)
METHOD
5 CT
METHOD
6 CT (T1)
METHOD
6 CT (T2)
METHOD
BUSBAR &
BUSBAR
CHECKUP
PROTECTION
1 CT
1 CT
1B CT
1 CT
1 CT
1 CT
MAIN-1
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
&
METERING
ABOVE FOR BUS-1
BLIND
ZONE
BELOW FOR BUS-2
3 CT
3 CT
3B CT
3 CT
3 CT
3 CT
1 - CT & 2
- CT
1 CT & 2
B - CT
1 A CT &
2 B CT
1 L - CT
1 L - CT
1 L - CT
ABOVE CT SECONDARIES ARE

CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-1
BELOW CT SECONDARIES ARE
CONNECTED PARALLEL FOR FEEDER-2
3 - CT & 2
CT
ADDITIONAL
PROTECTION
AVAILABLE
&
3 - CT & 2
A - CT
3 A - CT &
2 A - CT
ABOVE FOR FEEDER-1

BELOW FOR FEEDER-2
3 L - CT
3 L - CT
3 L CT
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION

FOR LINE & AT/F
TEED-1 & TEED-2 PROTECTION

FOR LINE & AT/F
STUB-1 & STUB-2 PROTECTION IS A

NORMALLY INBUILT PROTECTION FOR
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 RELAYS, IN CASE OF
LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS. STUB
PROTECTION WORKS WHEN LINE
ISOLATOR OPEN CONDITION ONLY.
TEED1 IS NORMALLY HIGH

IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY &
TEED-2 IS NORMALLY LOW IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. THESE ARE
NOT INBUILT FUNCTIONS OF MAIN-1
& MAIN-2 RELAYS.
A FAULT BETWEEN CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CT (END FAULT) MAY THEN STILL BE FED FROM ONE SIDE
EVEN WHEN THE BREAKER HAS BEEN OPENED. CONSEQUENTLY, FINAL FAULT CLEARING BY CASCADED
TRIPPING HAS TO BE ACCEPTED IN THIS CASE. THIS SITUATION LBB/BFR OPERATES AND TIME TAKEN TO
CLEAR FAULT IS ABOUT 300 mSECs. THIS IS BLIND ZONE AREA.
400KV C.T. INFORMATION

P1
PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 P2
CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS
2S12
2S 3
2S
4S1
4S2
4S3
4S4
1
5S S2
5 S3
5 S4
5
3
3
1
1S S1
1S 2
3
2S1
2S2
2S3
__
__
3
3
5S1
5S2
5S3
5S4
4S1
4S2
4S3
4S4
2S1
2S3
2S1
2S2
2S2
2S3
1S1
1S2
1S3
1S1
1S3
1S1
1S2
1S2
1S3
500/
1A
BUSBA
R
CHECK
UP
PROTE
CTION
1000/
1A
PS
BUSBA
R
PROTE
CTION
2000/
1A
3S1
3S2
3S3
3S4
COR
E-2
PS
PURPO
SE
3S1
3S2
3S3
3S4
COR
E-1
CLA
SS
P1 P2
3
3
COR
ES
SECONDARY
CONNECTIONS
CURRENT RATING : 1A
P2
HAIR
PIN /
U SHAPE
DESIGN
EYE BOLT
DESIGN
DEAD TANK DESIGN
MAIN-1, MAIN-2
PROTECTION &
METERING
FOR LINE
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )
Sr.
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
VOLTAG
E
MAIN- 1 PROTECTION
MAIN-2 PROTECTION/
BACKUP PROTECTION
2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )
3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N )
SWITCHED DISTANCE
SCHEME OR
NUMERICAL DISTANCE
SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F

RELAYS WITH HIGH SET (
67 + 67N )
220 KV
LINES
NON SWITCHED
DISTANCE SCHEME OR
NUMERICAL DISTANCE
SCHEME (21P + 21N)
SWITCHED DISTANCE
SCHEME OR
NUMERICAL DISTANCE
SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
400 KV
LINES
NUMERICAL DISTANCE
SCHEME (21P + 21N) +
in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N)
NUMERICAL DISTANCE
SCHEME (21) OR LINE
DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME
(87L) WITH 67N
11 KV
LINES
33 KV
LINES
66 KV
LINES
132 KV
LINES
MAIN-1 PROTECTION FOR LINE

P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
(4CT METHOD)
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
IN5 / A571
REL 521
ACTIVE START
TRIP
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
3 CT METHOD : 1-CT & 2-CT
4 CT METHOD : 1-CT & 2-BCT
6 CT METHOD : 1-ACT & 2-BCT
DISPLAY
C
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S2
5S2
5S2
5S4
5S4
5S4
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(4CT METHOD) (NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
IN5 / A571

CLASS: PS
ESC
IN5 / A571
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
ENABLED
TRIP
CT MB
2-BCT
CORE-5
IA =250.10 A
IB =250.10 A
IC =250.10 A
VAB =400.0 KV
VBC =400.0 KV
VCA =400.0 KV
5S2
5S2
5S2
5S4
5S4
5S4
CLASS: PS
IB5 / A551
IY5 / A531
IR5 / A511
P2 P2 P2
INST
TIME
COMM
SOTF
ZONE1
ZONE2
ZONE3
ZONE4
SEL
ENT
TARGET
RESET
PH-A
PH-B
PH-C
GND
50
51
79 RESET
79 LOCKOUT
SEL- 421
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
1-CVT
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR5 / A511
IY5 / A531
IB5 / A551
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
IN5 / A571
REL 521
ACTIVE START
TRIP
VR11 / E111
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
DISPLAY
C
E
CORE 1
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(4CT METHOD)
50Z
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
1-CT
RAICA
CORE-4
LBB / BFR
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
IN4 / C471
REL 316
ACTIVE START
TRIP
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
DISPLAY
C
E
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S2
4S2
4S2
4S4
4S4
4S4
RAICA
CLASS: PS
LBB / BFR
P2 P2 P2
50ZT
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P

(4CT METHOD) ( NEW DEVELOPMENT)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
IN4 / C471

CLASS: PS
CT MB
2-BCT
3 3 3
CORE-4
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
IN4 / C471
4S2
4S2
4S2
4S4
4S4
4S4
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
IB4 / C451
IY4 / C431
IR4 / C411
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
1-CVT
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P
MULTI FUNCTION NUMERICAL RELAY FOR

MULTI BREAKER, MULTI CT & CVT/PT APPLICATION
3-52 CB
BUS-1 PT
BUS-2 PT
59
50 BF-1 50 BF-2
79-1 79-2 25-1
25-2
21P 50P 51P 67P

21N 50N 51N 67N
2-52 CB
1-52 CB
(NEW APPLICATION) (ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM or RING BUS SYSTEM)
3
LINE CVT
LINE
27
1-52,2-52: MAIN & TIE CIRCUIT BREAKER

21P: PHASE DISTANCE PROTECTION
21N: GROUND DISTANCE PROTECTION
27: UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
67: DIRECTIONAL RELAY
50: INST OVER CURRENT RELAY
51: TIME OVER CURRENT RELAY
59: OVER VOLTAGE RELAY
64: EARTH FAULT RELAY
50BF-1: LBB/BFR OF MAIN CB
50BF-2: LBB/BFR OF TIE CB
79-1,2: AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY OF
MAIN & TIE CB
25-1,2: CHECK SYNCHRONISAM RELAY
FOR MAIN & TIE CB

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
IN4 / C471
REL 316
ACTIVE START
TRIP
VR21 / E211
VY21 / E231
VB21 / E251
VN21 / E271
1-CVT
CLASS: PS
DISPLAY
C
E
CORE 2
200VA
CLASS: 3P
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(4CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
IB3 / D351
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-3
3S4
3S4
3S4
3S2
3S2
3S2
IN3 / D371

CLASS: 0.5
CT MB
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-3
3S2
3S2
3S2
3S4
3S4
3S4
CLASS: 0.5
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
VB31 / E351
VN31 / E371
1-CVT
CORE 3
100VA
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
MULTI FUNCTION PANEL METERING & ENERGY METER

(5CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR3 / D311
IY3 / D331
IB3 / D351
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-3
3S4
3S4
3S4
3S2
3S2
3S2
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
IN3 / D371
VR31 / E311
VY31 / E331
VB31 / E351
VN31 / E371
1-CVT
CORE 3
100VA
CLASS: 0.5/0.2
LBB & BUSBAR

PROTECTION
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION
A PROTECTION WHICH IS DESIGNED TO CLEAR A SYSTEM

FAULTY BY INITIATING TRIPPING OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKER(S) IN THE
CASE OF FAILURE TO TRIP OF THE APPROPRIATE CIRCUIT BREAKER.
IN MODERN NETWORKS THE CRITICAL FAULT CLEARING TIME
MAY BE LESS THAN 200ms. HENCE, IF THE FAULT IS NOT CLEARED DUE
TO FAILURE OF THE PRIMARY PROTECTIVE RELAYS OR THEIR
ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT BREAKER, A FAST ACTING
BACK-UP
PROTECTIVE RELAY MUST CLEAR THE FAULT.
THERE ARE TWO BASIC FORMS.
REMOTE BACK-UP.
LOCAL BACK-UP.
REMOTE BACK-UP
PROVIDES BACK-UP PROTECTION FOR THE BOTH THE RELAYS

(MAIN-1 & MAIN-2) AND BREAKERS AT REMOTE
SUBSTATION.
LOCAL BACK-UP
LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION

CATAGORIES.
RELAY BACK-UP
BREAKER BACK-UP
CAN
BE
DEVIDED
INTO
TWO
RELAY BACK-UP
DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED

DISTANCE PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME
OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE DIFFERENT
(QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL ) OR
DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN REYROLL,
SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e
ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}).
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE
SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL
FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS
SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS.
TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO
TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER
IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION.
BREAKER BACK-UP
BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT
BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM.
IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE
FORE BE TRIPPED.
LBB/BFR FLOW CHART

MAIN
PROTECTION
OPERATED
YES
TRIP
MAIN
BREAKER
FAULT
CLEARED
INITIATE
BFR
RESET
BREAKER
FAILURE
SCHEME
NO
RETRIP
YES
YES
WAIT FOR
FAULT
CLEARENCE
AND
TRIP
BACK-UP/
Adjacent
BREAKERS
The Breaker Failure Protection (LBB/BFR) can operate single-stage/two-stage.

When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the
adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails.
When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the
trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if
the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The
second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command
of the first stage is not successful.
LBB/BFR TIME CO-ORDINATION CHART

FAULT OCCURS
NORMAL CLEARING TIME
NORMAL
CLEARING
PROTECTIVE RELAY
FOR EX: DISTANCE RELAY
RESETTING TIME OF THE

CURRENT MEASURING UNITS
BREAKER
INTURUPTING TIME
~30ms
~60ms
MARGIN
<12ms
SET TIME OF THE TIME MEASURING UNIT
INOPERATIVE
BREAKER
TRIPPING
RELAY
TIME
BACK-UP BREAKER
INTERUPTING TIME
BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START

TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY
MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY
MARGIN
LBB/BFR LOGIC
CURRENT INPUTS
PHASE L1
A/D
CONVERTER PHASE CURRENT SET POINT
I > ISET
PHASE L2/E
PHASE L3
I > ISET
|||
&
LED
(PHASE START)
ALARM RELAY
(PHASE START)
>1
&
ALARM RELAY
(EARTH START)
EARTH CURRENT SET POINT
OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR

SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY
LED
(EARTH START)
BINARY INPUT
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE
TIMING/OUTPUT
STAGE
TRIP T1
RELAY
TIME STAGE T1
&
ALARM T1
RELAY
&
TIME STAGE T2
SWITCHED OFF
>1
TIME STAGE T2
O&
0
LED
TRIP T2
RELAY
LED
LED
CB FAILURE
INITIATE
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1
BUS-1
AT/F-1
1-52CB
50Z
2-52CB
50ZT
3-52CB
50Z
BUS-2
LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/

BREAKER FAILURE RELAY.
1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER.
THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY.
THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A
OR/AND 86-B)
OPERATES OR SINGLE PHASE TRIP RELAYS OPERATES AND
GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP.
IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED.
THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER
TROUBLE/ FAILS TO OPERATE.
AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY
1-52 CB LBB/BFR OPERATION

86-A
50Z
DIRECT TRIP 1&2

VIA CARRIER TO
OTHER END
BUSBAR-1
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-1
ISOLATED
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF TIE CB(2-52CB)
1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1
ABB
REL316
MAIN-2
86-B
86-B
86-A
ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
TC-2
2-52CB
TC-2
TC-1
3-52CB
BUS-2

ABB
RET521
MAIN-1
86-A
ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
86-B
ABB
REL316
MAIN-2
50ZT
DIRECT TRIP 1&2

VIA CARRIER
TO OTHER END
INTER TRIP TO
LVCB & TBCCB
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF AT/F(ICT) CB (3-52CB)
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF LINE CB(1-52CB)
2-52CB
1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1
ABB
RET316
MAIN-2
3-52CB
TC-2
BUS-2
ABB
RET316
MAIN-2
86-A
86-B
86-B
86-A
ABB
RET521
MAIN-1
50Z
INTER TRIP TO
LV CB & TBC CB
BUSBAR-2
PROTECTION OPTD
AND BUSBAR-2
ISOLATED
TO 86-B TRIP RELAY

OF TIE CB(2-52CB)
2-52CB
1-52CB
TC-1
BUS-1
3-52CB
TC-2
TC-2
TC-1
BUS-2
BASICS OF BUSBAR PROTECTION
NEED FOR BUSBAR PROTECTION
IN ITS ABSENCE FAULT CLEARING TAKES PLACE IN ZONE-2 OF DISTANCE RELAY BY

REMOTE END TRIPPING.
THIS MEANS SLOW AND UNSELECTIVE TRIPPING AND WIDE SPREAD BLACKOUT.
EFFECT OF DELAYED CLEARENCE

GREATER DAMAGE AT FAULT POINT.
INDIRECT SHOCK TO CONNECTED EQUIPMENT LIKE SHAFTS OF GENERATOR AND
WINDINGS OF TRANSFORMER.
BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURRENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A
GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING AT THAT NODE.
BUS BAR PROTECTION SYSTEMS

1.
2.
3.
4.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

MODERATE-IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
LOW-IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
NUMERICAL BUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENCIAL PROTECTION

THE HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION SCHEME, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS A GOOD SOLUTION FOR
SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS , ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBARS, PROVIDING
THAT APPROPRIATE DEDICATED CT CORES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THIS USE ALONE. IT IS SENSTIVE,
STABLE & FAST PROTECTION.
HOWEVER, SPECIAL CT REQUIREMENTS, ADDITIONAL HIGH VOLTAGE DEVICE PROTECTION,
DEMANDING MAINTANENCE etc PUT RESTRICTIONS IN ITS APPLICATIONS.
A MEASURING CIRCUIT COMPRISES A HIGH-IMPEDENCE STABILIZING RESISTOR CONNECTED
ACROSS THE CIRCULATING CURRENT ARRANGEMENT OF ALL THE CTs IN PARALLEL. THE VALUE OF
THE STABILIZING RESISTOR IS CHOOSEN SUCH THAT THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS THE RELAY
CIRCUIT IS INSUFFICIENT TO OPERATE THE FAULTS OUTSIDE THE PROTECTED ZONE.
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
PUTS STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON CTs. Class X for all CT Cores.

NEED FOR DEDICATED CT CORES. Separate CT Cores for BUSBAR and CHECK ZONE Protection.
IDENTICAL CT RATIO, MAGNETISING IMPEDENCE.
AUX CTs RATIO CORRECTIONS UNACCEPTABLE.
IN ABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT.
SLOW RESPONSE.
Advantage of Numerical Protection Technology (e.g. Fault recording, Communication etc) not available.
BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20ms.
THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS ONLY GIVEN WHEN
BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM OPERATES.
MEDIUM IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

MANY OF THE LIMITATIONS OF HIGH IMPEDENCE PROTECTION CAN BE OVERCOME
USING MODERATE MEDIUM IMPEDENCE PROTECTION (OR STABILIZED HIGH-IMP
SCHEME), WHICH IS A COMBINATION OF THE NORMAL HIGH-IMP AND STABILIZED
DIFFERENTIAL SCHEMES.
LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

LOW IMPEDENCE PROTECTION(PERCENTAGE BIASED BUS DIFFERENTIAL RELAY) IS
MOST SUITABLE PROTECTION SCHEME FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS
(WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS) WITH FEEDERS BEING SWITCHED BETWEEN
SECTIONS OF BUSBAR, WHICH OPERATES WITH FULL SELECTIVITY FOR ALL POSSIBLE
BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS.
ADVANTAGES
FREE OF ANY NEED FOR MATCHED CT CHARACTERESTICS OR RATIOs, LOW

LEAKAGE REACTANCE OR RESISTANCE.
OTHER PROTECTIVE RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE SAME CIRCUIT.
STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVELS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION.
DETECTS FAULTS WITHIN 1 2ms & INITIATES TRIPPING WITHIN 5 7ms.
BASICS OF BUS BAR PROTECTION

BASIC THEORY
KIRCHOFFs CURENT LAW STATES THAT THE SUM OF THE CURRENTS ENTERING A GIVEN NODE MUST BE EQUAL
TO THE CURRENTS LEAVING THAT NODE
EXTERNAL FAULT
INTERNAL FAULT
IF
I1
I1
I2
I3
I2
I3
I4
I5
I4
I5
I6
I6
IF
IF= I6= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5
IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6
HIGH IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

87BBC
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
87BBM
96 BBC : BUSBAR
CHECK TRIPPING RELAY
52 CIRCUIT
BREAKER
TRIP COIL
- VE
A varistor is normally
applied across the relay
input terminals to limit
the voltage to a value
safely
below
the
insulation voltage +ofVE
the
BBM : BUSBAR
secondary96circuits
MAIN TRIPPING RELAY
UU
UU
OVER CURRENT
COIL
UU
.
Is
Id
OVER CURRENT
STARTER RELAYS
RESTRAINT
COIL
UU
UU
52 CIRCUIT
BREAKER
TRIP COIL
UU
OPERATING
COIL
LOW IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

+VE
96 BUS BAR
TRIPPING
RELAY
-VE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUSBAR SCHEMES

HIGH IMPEDENCE
BUSBAR PROTECTION
PERCENTAGE BIASED
LOW IMPEDENCE BUS
BAR PROTECTION
PRINCIPL
E
THE
CURRENTS
ENTERING
AND
LEAVING THE BUSBAR ARE COMPARED
CONTINUOSLY. IT INVOLVES CHOOSING
OF IMPEDENCE HIGH ENOUGH STABLISE
THE RELAY FOR HEAVY EXTERNAL
FAULTS. THIS IS CIRCULATING CURRENT
PRINCIPLE.
IT HAS DIFFERENTIAL AND BIAS

SETTING. THE RESULTANT BIAS IS
PROPOTIONAL TO ARITHMATIC SUM
OF ALL CURRENTS, WHEREAS THE
OPERATING CURRENT IS VECTOR
SUM OF ALL CIRCUIT CURRENTS.
CTs
IT REQUIRES ALL IDENTICAL CT RATIOs

& TURNS RATIO. LOW RESISTANCE OF
SECONDARY WINDING. Class X for all CT
Cores.
MINIMUM KNEE POINT VOLTAGE OF
300-500V.
LOW
MAGNETISING
CURRENT(FEW
MILLIAMPS).
IT CAN WORK WITH CTs OF

UNEQUAL RATIOS ALSO. FREE OF
ANY
NEED
OF
MATCHED
CT
CHARACTERESTIC OR RATIOs LOW
LEAKAGE
REACTANCE
OR
RESISTANCE. OTHER PROTECTIVE
RELAYS CAN BE INCLUDED IN THE
SAME CIRCUIT.
BURDEN
IMPOSES
COMPARATIVELY
HIGH IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs.
BURDEN ON CTs.
AUXILIARY CTs AUXILIARY CTs HAVE NO EFFECT ON
REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SCHEME.
SCHEME
CT
SATURATI
OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN

CTs GET SATURATED DURING INTERNAL
FAULTS.
DETAILS
OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN

WHEN CTs GET SATURATED DURING
INTERNAL FAULTS. INSENSITIVE TO
CT SATURATION.
BUS BAR MAIN & CHECHUP PROTECTION

(ANY CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
3 3 3
CORE-1
REB 521
IN1 / B171
1S3
1S3
1S3
1S1
1S1
1S1
ACTIVE START
TRIP
IB1 / B151
CLASS: PS
IY1 / B131
IR1 / B111
BUS BAR
PROTECTION
FOR
BUS-1
DISPLAY
C
E
CT MB
IR1 / B111
IY1 / B131
3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
ACTIVE START
TRIP
IB1 / B151
3 3 3
CORE-1
RED 521
1S1
1S1
1S1
1S3
1S3
1S3
IN1 / B171
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
BUS BAR
PROTECTION
FOR
BUS-2
DISPLAY
C
E
BUS-2
87 BB2
BUS BAR-2 PROTECTION
UU
10-CT
UU
13-CT
UU
16-CT
UU
UU
12-CT
UU
15-CT
UU
18-CT
UU
12-52
15-52
18-52
21-52
20-52
17-52
14-52
11-52
19-CT
7-CT
9-CT
19-52
16-52
13-52
10-52
7-52
4-52
1-52
87 BB1
21-CT
UU
UU
9-52
8-52
4-CT
UU
1-CT
UU
6-CT
5-52
2-52
UU
3-CT
UU
6-52
3-52
BUS BAR PROTECTION

BUS BAR-1 PROTECTION
BUS-1
BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
1-52 CB
1-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
4-52 CB PANEL
REB 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
4-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
7-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
7-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
DISPLAY
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
10-52 CB
10-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
13-52 CB
13-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
16-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
16-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
1-52 CB PANEL
TO CLOSE CKT INTERLOCK
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
DIRECT TRIP SEND CH-1
TO DISTURBENCE RECORDER
4-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
7-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
10-52CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
13-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
16-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
BUSBAR-2 PROTECTION TRIPPING SCHEME

HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
3-52 CB
3-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
6-52 CB PANEL
REB 670
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
6-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
9-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
9-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
DISPLAY
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
12-52 CB
12-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
15-52 CB
15-52 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
TO START 50 LBB
18-52 CB PANEL
HIGH SPEED
TRIP RELAY
FOR
18-52 CB
TRIP FROM 50 LBB

TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
3-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
6-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
9-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
12-52CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
15-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
18-52 CB PANEL
TO BLOCK A/R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
DISTRIBUTED LBB & NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION

(REB 500) ABB
(7 SS 52) SIEMENS
(MICOM P740) AREVA
OR
OR
OR
OR
14-52
15-52
13-52
11-52
10-52
BUS-2
12-52
7-52
8-52
9-52
5-52
6-52
4-52
2-52
3-52
1-52
BUS-1
LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NUMERICAL CENTRALISED BUS BAR PROTECTION
ABB
SIEMENS
AREVA
BUSBAR
PROTECTION
CENTRAL UNIT
BAY UNIT
LINE
PROTECTION
ABB Network Partner AG
REL531
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
REC 316*4
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1. MAIN
IN THIS
-1
NO MAIN
SEPARATE
CORE
FOR
EITHER
BUSBAR
MAIN -2
MAIN
-1 IS REQUIRED
MAIN -2
MAIN
-1
-2
PROTECTION OR LBB / BFR.
CENTRALISED BUSBAR IS CONNECTED FROM BAY UNIT OR LBB
OR BFR THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC.
BAY UNIT / BFR / LBB IS CONNECTED FROM MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 OF
B/U
MAIN PROTECTION
B/U OF
LINE
ORMAIN
MAIN & B/U
BACKUP MAIN
PROTECTION
TRANSFORMER THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC FOR REDUNDANCY TO BAY
UNIT.
THE CURRENT DATA IS TRANSFERED TO BAY UNIT TO BUSBAR
CENTRAL UNIT FROM LINE / TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS FOR
NUMIRICAL ALGORITHAM OF LBB & BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT AND
IT WILL OPERATE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND DOES NOT OPERATE
FOR THROUGH / EXTERNAL FAULTS.
2.
3.
DESCRIPTION
4.
REL531
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
REC 316*4
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
MISCELENEOUS
RELAYS & PROTECTIONS
ADOPTED FOR LINE IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(STUB, TEED AND AUTO RECLOSURE
FUNCTIONS)
PREPARED BY

ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
LINE-1
STUB-1&2
(BAY 1&2)
1-89L
REL 521
REL 316
DISTANCE / ATF
RELAYS
CONVERTED
TO STUB/BUS
OVER LOAD
RELAYS WHEN
LINE ISOLATOR
OPENS
2-52CB
1-52CB
BUS-1
STUB-1/ STUB-2 PROTECTION

3-52CB
STUB-3&2
(BAY 3&2)
3-89T
BUS-2
AT/F-1
RET 521
RET 316
WHEN A LINE IS SUPPLIED VIA TWO CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A ONE & HALF CIRCUIT
BREAKER ARRANGEMENT, THE LINE PROTECTION INCLUDES THE AREA BETWEEN THE TWO
CTs. HOWEVER, WHEN THE LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN THE LINE CVTs FOR THE DISTANCE
PROTECTION ARE CONNECTED TO THE LINE AND CANNOT PROVIDE THE CORRECT VOLTAGE
FOR THE STUB END.(i.e THE AREA BETWEEN THE LINE ISOLATOR AND CTs) (STUB = DEAD
END)
TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR A FAULT IN THIS AREA, REL 521/ REL 316 IS
PROVIDED WITH A STUB PROTECTION WHICH GIVES AN BUS OVER CURRENT TRIP IF THE
LINE ISOLATOR IS OPEN AND THE CURRENT EXCEEDS THE SET VALUE IN ANY PHASE.
STUB-1 (BAY 1&2 OR

BAY 3&2) OPERATES
IT OPERATES THE 3-PH TRIP GR-A MAIN

CB (1-52CB OR 3-52CB)
AND 3-PH
TRIP GR-A TIE CB (2-52CB)
STUB-2 (BAY 1&2 OR
IT OPERATES THE 3-PH TRIP GR-B MAIN
2-52CB
TEED-1&2
(BAY 1&2)
1-52CB
BUS-1
TEED-1/ TEED-2 PROTECTION

3
3-52CB
BUS-2
TEED-1&2
(BAY 2&3)
LINE-1
AT/F-1
TEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW. THREE SETS OF CTS
ARE CONNECTED IN STAR FASHION. SOME OF THE CURRENTS MUST BE ZERO. IF ANY
UNBALANCE CURRENTS ARE NOTICED THEN IMMEDIATELY TEED PROTECTION
OPERATES. IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 1&2 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 1-52CB & 2-52CB.
SIMILARLY IF TEED PROTECTION BAY 2&3 OPERATED THEN IT TRIPS 2-52CB & 3-52CB.
TEED-1
PROTECTION
TEED-2
PROTECTION
SUMMATION OF INDIVIDUAL PHASES OF T-SHAPED 3 CTs

BEFORE REACHING TO RELAY. THIS IS CIRCULATING
CURRENT PRINCIPLE. THE CURRENT FLOWING
THROUGH IS ZERO DURING BALANCED CONDITION.
HIGH IMPENDENCE THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY IS USED AS TEED-1 PROTECTION.
T- SHAPED 3 CTs ARE CONNECTED TO RELAY. THE RELAY
HAVING OPERATING COIL & RESTAIRING COIL. BASED
ON THE DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH
THE OPERATING COIL THE RELAY OPERATES.
LOW IMPEDENCE PERCENTAGE BIASED THREE
TERMINAL THREE PHASE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED
AS TEED-2 PROTECTION.
TEED-1 PROTECTION
P2 P2 P2
1-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
IR5
IY5
IB5
3 3 3
CORE-5
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
5S2
CLASS: PS
IN5
RADHA
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
IR5
IY5
IB5
2-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S4
5S2
5S4
5S4
5S2
5S2
CLASS: PS
IN5
ACTIVE START
TRIP
DISPLAY
C
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
IN1
1S3
1S3
1S3
1S2
1S2
1S2
3 3 3
CORE-1
IB1
IY1
IR1
P1 P1 P1
IT WORKS ON CIRCULATING
CURRENT PRINCIPLE AND
IT IS HIGH IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY.
TEED-1 PROTECTION FOR
BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS
ABOVE AND THE
FOLLOWING CTs & CORES
ARE USED
3-CT(CORE-5), 2-CT(CORE-1)
& 3-TCT(CORE-1) ARE
STARRED AND CONNECTED
TO TEED-1 PROTECTION
TEED-2 PROTECTION
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
CLASS: PS
CT MB
RAICA
LBB/BFR
1-CT
{BAY1&2}(5CT METHOD)
RAICA
LBB/BFR
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
RADSB
ACTIVE
START
P2 P2 P2
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S2
4S2
4S2
3 3 3
TRIP
2-CT
CORE-4
DISPLAY
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
1-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-2
2S3
2S3
2S3
2S2
2S2
2S2
TEED-2 PROTECTION FOR

BAY 2&3 IS ALSO SAME AS
ABOVE AND THE
FOLLOWING CTs & CORES
ARE USED. 3-CT(CORE-4),
2-CT(CORE-2) & 3-TCT
(CORE-2) ARE CONNECTED
TO TEED-2 PROTECTION.
IT WORKS ON KIRCHOFFS
CURRENT PRINCIPLE & IT IS
PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY
TEED PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

ABB
RADHA
TEED-1
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
1-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-1
86-B
ABB
REL521
MTR/
MAIN-1
HSTR
OR
ABB
(BAY 1&2)
REL521
STUB-1
(BAY 1&2)
(BAY 1&2)
ABB
RADSB
TEED-2
OR
ABB
REL316
STUB-2
ABB
RADHA
TEED-1
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
2-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
OR
ABB
RET521
STUB-1
(BAY 2&3)
(BAY 2&3)
ABB
RADSB
TEED-2
OR
ABB
RET316
STUB-2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
3-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY

86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
LINE/TRANSFORMER ISOLATOR OPENS THIS INTERLOCK WILL INITIATE
MAIN-1 REL 521/ RET 521 & MAIN-2 REL 316/ RET 316 CONVERTED STUB-1 & 2 PROTECTION
AUTO RECLOSURE BASICS

FAULTS ARE THREE TYPES
1. TRANSIENT FAULT: These are cleared by the immediate tripping of
Circuit Breakers and do not reoccur when the line is re-energized.
2. SEMI-PERMANENT FAULTS: These require a time interval to disappear
before a line is charged again.
3. PERMANENT FAULTS: These are to be located and repaired before the
line is re-energized.
About 80-90% of the faults occurring are transient in nature. Hence the Automatic
Reclosure of breaker (after tripping on Fault) will result in the line being
successfully re-energized.
ADVANTAGES:
A. Decreasing outage time.
B. Improving Reliability.
C. Improving system stability.
D. Reduce fault damage and Maintenance Time.
DEAD TIME: The time between the Auto-reclosing Scheme being energized and
the operation of the contacts which energize the Circuit Breaker closing
circuit.
RECLAIM TIME: The Time Following a successful closing operation measured
from the instant the Auto-Reclosing relay closing contacts make which
must elapse before the Auto-Reclosing relay initiates another reclosing
attempt. In other words, it may be said to be the time between 1st and 2nd
Auto-Reclosure.
TYPES OF AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEMES:

1. BASED ON PHASE
A. THREE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: This type of Auto-Reclosing causes an
immediate drift part of the two systems and hence no interchange of synchronizing
power
can take place during the dead time.
B. SINGLE PHASE AUTO-RECLOSING: In this, only the faulty phase(only SLG Faults) is
reclosed without causing interruption in interchange synchronizing power between two
systems through other two healthy phases.
2. BASED ON ATTEMPTS OF RECLOSURE
A. SINGLE SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, Breaker is reclosed only once on
a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker Occurs. High-Speed Auto-Reclosing for
EHT System is invariably Single Shot.
B. MULTI-SHOT AUTO-RECLOSING: In this scheme, more than one reclosing attempts
made for a given fault before lockout of Circuit Breaker occurs.
B.I. DISADVANTAGES: Repeated closure attempts has with high fault level would
seriously affect the Circuit Breaker, Equipment and System Stability.
B.ii. CIRCUIT BREAKER LIMITATIONS: Ability of Circuit Breaker to Perform several Trip
Close operations in quick succession.
B. iii. SYSTEM CONDITIONS: In the percentage of the semi-Permanent faults (which
could be burnt out) is moderate, For example on the lines through the forest, multi
shot Auto-Reclosing is followed.
3. DEPENDING ON SPEED:
A. HIGH-SPEED AUTO-RECLOSING: This aids in fast restoration of supply but should
be done by taking into account the following factors.
I. System disturbance time can be tolerated without loss of system stability.
ii. Characteristics of Protection Schemes and Circuit Breaker.
B. LOW SPEED OR DELAYED AUTO RECLOSING: This is suitable for highly interconnected systems where the loss of a single line is unlikely to cause two sections
of the system to drift apart and loose synchronism.
METHOD OF ADOPTION IN ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM:

The Auto-Reclosure Functions used for the Bus Breakers 1-52CB & 3-52CB are set
as Masters and one for the Center Breaker 2-52CB(TIE) as Follower. Co-ordination
is required between the Auto-Reclosure Functions. A Synchrocheck function is
also loaded in each Relay to permit 3 pole Auto-Reclosing.
Each Line Protection relays starts both MAIN & TIE Circuit Breakers to trip for the
Concerned line. After a Successful reclosure of the Main Breaker, The Tie Breaker
will be reclosed after a supplementary time delay. Should the Main CB AutoReclosure relay not be successful in its reclosing attempts, the Tie CB AutoReclosure is blocked. If the Main CB is Open or its Auto-Reclosure Relay is not
ready
or Out of service, The TIE CB Auto-Reclosure will reclose The TIE Breaker after its own
dead time without any supplementary time delay.
CHOICES OF EHV SYSTEM:
1. CHOICE OF DEAD TIME:
A. Lower limit is decided by deionising of Circuit Breaker.
B. Upper Limit is decided by Transient Stability and Synchronism.
C. Longer Transmission Lines Require Longer dead Time.
D. The dead time for High Speed Auto-Reclosing scheme with EHV System is 0.3 to
1.2 sec.
2. CHOICE OF RECLAIM TIME:
This should not be set to such a low value that the operating cycle of Breaker is
exceeded when two faults incident occurs close together. The reclaim time will be
in the range of 10 to 30 sec., depending the breaker opening and closing
mechanisms.
3. CHOICE OF ZONE:
This should normally kept in Zone-1. It is a Zone-1 fault and SLG fault only autoreclosure is comes in to picture. In other zones the auto reclosure is blocked.
AUTO-RECLOSURE FOR
ONE & HALF BREAKER SCHEME
TRIP COMMANDS
AUTO RECLOSURE
COMMANDS
79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC)
RAAAM
RASC
79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC)
RAAAM
RASC
79 (A/R)+
25(SYNC)
RAAAM
RASC
1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB

LINE-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
C
E
21 MAIN-1
REL 521
REL531
REL531
21 MAIN-2
REL 316
REC 316*4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
LINE-2
C
21 MAIN-1
REL 521
REC 316*4
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
21 MAIN-2
REL 316
AUTO RECLOSING TIMING CHART
INSTANT OF FAULT
OPERATES
RESETS
TRANSIENT FAULT
PROTECTION
OPERATING
TIME
TRIP COIL CONTACTS

ARC
CONTACTS
ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
OPENING
TIME
CLOSING
TIME
ARCING
TIME
OPERATING TIME
OPERATES
RESETS
PROTECTION
PERMANENT FAULT
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS

ENERGISED
MAKE FULLY CLOSED
OPERATES
RESETS
RECLOSE
ON TO FAULT
OPERATING
TIME
TRIP COIL CONTACTS

ARC
CONTACTS
ENERGISED SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
CIRCUIT
BREAKER
DEAD TIME
OPENING
TIME
CLOSING COIL CONTACTS CONTACTS

ENERGISED
MAKE FULLY CLOSED
CLOSING
TIME
ARCING
TIME
OPERATING TIME
DEAD TIME
CONTACTS
ARC
CONTACTS
SEPARATE EXTINGUISHED FULLY OPEN
TRIP COIL
ENERGISED
SYSTEM DISTURBANCE TIME

RECLOSE INITIATED
BY PROTECTION
RELAY READY TO RESPOND

TO FURTHER FAULT INCIDENTS
(AFTER SUCEESFUL RECLOSRE)
AUTO RECLOSE
RELAY
DEAD TIME
CLOSING PULSE TIME

RECLAIM TIME
TIME
CARRIER
INTERTRIPPING
SCHEMES
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
TYPES OF CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PERMISSIVE TRIPPING
Permissive trip commands are always monitored by a protection relay.
The circuit breaker is tripped when receipt of the command coincides
with operation of the protection relay at the receiving end responding to
a system fault. The receipt of an incorrect signal must coincide with
operation of the receiving end protection for a trip operation to take
place. Normally, the risk of a spurious trip is lesser. The intention of
these schemes is to speed up tripping for faults occurring within the
protected zone.
BLOCKING SCHEME
Blocking commands are initiated by a protection element that detects
faults external to the protected zone. Detection of an external fault at the
local end of a protected circuit results in a blocking signal being
transmitted to the remote end. At the remote end, receipt of the blocking
signal prevents the remote end protection operating if it had detected the
external fault. Loss of the communications channel is less serious for
this scheme than in others as loss of the channel does not result in a
failure to trip when required. However, the risk of a spurious trip is
higher.

Conventional time-stepped distance protection has One of the main disadvantages is that the
instantaneous Zone 1 protection at each end of the protected line cannot be set to cover the whole
of the feeder length and is usually set to about 80%. This leaves two 'end zones', each being about
20% of the protected feeder length. Faults in these zones are cleared in Zone 1 time by the
protection at one end of the feeder and in Zone 2 time (typically 0.25 to 0.5 seconds) by the
protection at the other end of the feeder. This situation cannot be tolerated in some applications, for
two main reasons:
I). Faults remaining on the feeder for Zone 2 time may cause the system to become unstable.
II). Where high-speed auto-reclosing is used, the non-simultaneous opening of the circuit.
Breakers at both ends of the faulted section results in no 'dead time' during the autoreclose cycle
for the fault to be extinguished and for ionized gases to clear. This results in the possibility that a
transient fault will cause permanent lockout of the circuit breakers at each end of the line section.
Even where instability does not occur, the increased duration of the disturbance may give rise to
power quality problems, and may result in increased plant damage.
Unit schemes of protection that compare the conditions at the two ends of the feeder
simultaneously positively identify whether the fault is internal or external to the protected section
and provide high-speed protection for the whole feeder length. This advantage is balanced by the
fact that the unit scheme does not provide the back up protection for adjacent feeders given by a
distance scheme.
The most desirable scheme is obviously a combination of the best features of both arrangements,
that is, instantaneous tripping over the whole feeder length plus back-up protection to adjacent
feeders. This can be achieved by interconnecting the distance protection relays at each end of the
protected feeder by a communications channel.
The purpose of the communications channel is to transmit information about the system conditions
from one end of the protected line to the other, including requests to initiate or prevent tripping of
the remote circuit breaker. The former arrangement is generally known as a 'transfer tripping
scheme' while the latter is generally known as a 'blocking scheme'. However, the terminology of the
various schemes varies widely, according to local custom and practice.

1. ZONE 1 EXTENSION SCHEME (Z1X SCHEME)
2. TRANSFER TRIPPING SCHEMES
I. DIRECT UNDER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (DUTT)
II. PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (PUTT)
III. PUTT FWD SCHEME
IV. PERMISSIVE UNDER REACH ACCELERATED SCHEME
V. PERMISSIVE OVER REACH TRANSFER TRIP SCHEME (POTT)
VI. WEEK IN FEED CONDITIONS.
3. BLOCKING OVER REACHING SCHEMES
I. BLOCKING OVER-REACHING PROTECTION SCHEME USING ZONE 2.
OR DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION BLOCKING SCHEME
II. BLOCKING OVER-REACHING PROTECTION SCHEME USING ZONE 1.

III. WEEK IN FEED CONDITIONS.
4. DIRECTIONAL COMPARISON UNBLOCKING SCHEME
PROPERTIES OF COMMAND PROTECTION SYSTEMS

OPERATING
MODE
UNDER
REACHING
SENDING
OVER
REACHING
SENDING
PERMISSIVE
CRITERIA
RECEIVING
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
UNDER IMPEDENCE
UNDER VOLTAGE
OVER CURRENT
DISTANE &
DIRECTION
SECURE &
FAST
PERMISSIVE
UNDER
REACH
(PUTT)
ZONE-1
- - -
PERMISSIVE
OVER
REACH
(POTT)
- - -
ZONE-2
DIRECT
TRIP
ZONE-1
- - -
DISTANCE &
DIRECTION
DEPENDABLE
ACCELERAT
ED UNDER
REACH
ZONE-1
- - -
ZONE-2
SECURE &
FAST
BLOCKING
OVER
REACH
- - -
REVERSE
LOCKING
DISTANCE &
DIRECTION
FAST &
SECURE &
FAST
SECURE &
DEPENDABLE
PREFFERED APPLICATIONS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PARAMETERS
Signal
Transmis
sion
System
PUTT
POTT
Dependable and secure

communication
channel
1. Power line carrier with
frequency
shift
modulation. HF signal
coupled to 2 phases of
the protected line, or
even better, to a parallel
circuit
to
avoid
transmission of the HF
signal through the fault
location.
2.
Microwave
radio,
especially digital(PCM)
3. Fibre -optic cables
BLOCKING
UNBLOCKING
Reliable
communicati
on
channel
(only
required
during
external
faults)
1. Power
line
carrier
With
amplitude
Modulation
(ON/OFF).
The
same
frequency
may be used
on all
terminals)
Dedicated
channel
With
continuous
signal
Transfer
1.
Power
line
carrier
With
frequency
shift keying.
Continuous
Signal
transmission
must
be
permitted.
Characte Best suited 1. Excellent All line types Same as
for longer
coverage
ristic
POTT
lines On short
Preferred
COMPARISION OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

On normal two-terminal lines the main deciding factors in the choice of the type
of scheme, apart from the reliability of the signalling channel, operating speed
and the method of operation of the system. Table compares the important
characteristics of the various types of scheme.
Transfer
Tripping
Scheme
Criterion
Blocking
scheme
Speed of
operation
Fast
Not as Fast
Speed with inservice testing
Slower
As fast
Suitable for auto

Re Close
Yes
Yes
Security against mal-operation due to:

Current reversal
Special features
Special features
required
required
Loss of
Poor
good
ADVANTAGES & DRAWBACKS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

PARAMETERS
PUTT
POTT
BLOCKING
UNBLO
CKING
ADVANT
AGES
1. Simple technique
2. No coordination
Of zones and times
With the opposite
End required.
3.The combination
Of different relay
Types therefore
presents no
Problems.
1. Can be applied
without Under
reaching zone1 stage
(e.g.
overcompensated
Series compensated
lines).
2. Can be applied on
Extremely short lines
(impedance less than
minimum relay
setting)
3. Better for parallel
lines as mutual
coupling is not critical
for the overreach
zone
4. Weak in feed
terminals are no
problem. (Echo and
Weak In feed logic is
included)
Same as
POTT
Same as
POTT
but:
1. If no
signal is
Received
(no
block and
no
unblock)
then
tripping by
the
overreach
zone
is released
after 20
ms
DRAWBA
CKS
1. Overlapping
of the zone 1
reaches must
be ensured. On
parallel lines,
1. Zone reach and signal

timing coordination with the
Remote end is necessary
(current reversal).
Same as POTT
1. Slow tripping all
Tele-protection trips
must be delayed to
Same as
POTT
ADVANTAGES & DRAWBACKS OF TELE/ CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES

POTT
Not Suitable as the

Zone1 Operation is
essential and Zone1
setting in X and R
direction must be
small on Short Lines.
Suitable as the Z1B

setting may be
substantially larger than
the Line impedance so
that signal Transmission
is secure for all faults on
the Line.
Suitable as
Suitable Same as
Reverse Reach
POTT.
Setting is
independent of Line
Length.
Not Suitable as the

Zone1 Operation is
essential at Both
Ends for 100%
Coverage.
Suitable as the Strong

end detects all the Line
Faults with the OverReaching Z1B. The
Weak In-feed end then
echos the received
Signal.
Partially Suitable
Suitable Same as
as the Reverse Fault POTT.
is also Detected at
the Weak In-feed
end but no trip at
Weak In-feed end.
Amplitude
Modulated
Power Line
Carrier
Not Suitable as the

Signal must be Transmitted through the
Fault Location which
Attenuates the Signal.
Not Suitable same

as PUTT.
Suitable as the
Signal is only sent
when the Line is
not Faulted.
Not Suitable Same

as PUTT.
Frequency or
Phase
Modulated
Power Line
Carrier
Suitable as the
Signal can be
Transmitted through
the Fault Location.
Suitable same as
PUTT.
Suitable as the
Signal can be
Transmitted under
all Conditions.
Suitable Same as
PUTT.
Suitable.
Suitable.
Suitable.
Suitable.
PARAMETERS
Short Line
Weak Infeed
Communication
BLOCKING
UNBLOCKI
NG
PUTT
NSD 50/
NSD 70
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
ALARM-1
250V DC
PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL

C
S
2+
5-
C
R
6+
ALARM-2
250V DC
DISPLAY
C
1-
C
S
910+
10
C
R
1314+
G4AA TB: V9LB
TX
TRIP
A(C)
RX
TRIP
A(C)
C
S
2+
G4AC TB: V9LC
5-
C
R
TX
TRIP
B(D)
RX
TRIP
B(D)
1-
6+
C
S
910+
C
R
1314+
TX
TRIP
C(A)
RX
TRIP
C(A)
TX
TRIP
D(B)
RX
TRIP
D(B)
GA4D TB:V9LC
PROTECTION COUPLERS FOR 400KV LINE
FOR EACH LINE 2Nos PROTECTION COUPLER PANELS PROVIDED.

FOR EACH LINE 1NO CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PROVIDED.
SO, ONE LINE REQUIRES TOTAL 3 PANELS.
CARRIER SPEECH PANEL PURELY FOR VOICE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
TWO SUBSTATIONS, i.e THE LINE CONNECTED SUBSTATIONS.
THE VOICE COMMUNICATION ARE TWO METHODS PROVIDED.
ONE IS HOTLINE COMMUNICATION/DEDICATED/ LIFT&TALK METHOD.
ANOTHER IS DIAL METHOD.
IN PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-1 TOTAL 3 CARDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR
SENDING & RECEIVING TRIP SIGNALS.
ONE CARD FOR ALARM i.e G4AA. ONE CARD FOR PERMISSIVE/PROTECTION
TRIP i.e G4AC & ANOTHER CARD FOR DIRECT TRIPS i.e G4AD.
IN PROTECTION COUPLER-2 PANEL ALSO 3 CARDS ARE PROVIDED SIMILAR TO
PROTECTION COUPLER-1 PANEL.
THE PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL DRAWING IS SHOWN IN PREVIOUS MENU.
1SET TX & RX FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP(G4AC)
1SET TX & RX FOR BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION IN ANOTHER
PANEL(G4AC).
1SET TX & RX FOR DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1( G4AD).
1SET TX & RX FOR SPARE UNDER EMERGENCY(G4AD).
THE ABOVE ARRANGEMENT SIMILAR FOR PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL-2.
G4AA CARD FOR ALARM.
NSD 50
MAIN-1 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 6
CARRIER RECEIVE
G4AC V9LC 5
ABB
REL521
CR
-VE
CS
G4AC V9LC 2
CARRIER SEND
G4AA V9LB 5
G4AA V9LB 6
PANEL-1
NSD 50
ABB
IN OUT
ALARM
+VE
-VE
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 13
G4AC V9LC 14
ABB
G4AC V9LC 9
PANEL-2
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP

AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
NSD 50
MAIN-2 PROTECTION CARRIER INTER TRIPPING

G4AC V9LC 1
G4AC V9LC 6
CARRIER RECEIVE
G4AC V9LC 5
ABB
REL316
CR
-VE
CS
G4AC V9LC 2
CARRIER SEND
G4AA V9LB 5
G4AA V9LB 6
PANEL-2
NSD 50
ABB
IN OUT
ALARM
+VE
-VE
G4AC V9LC 10
G4AC V9LC 13
G4AC V9LC 14
ABB
G4AC V9LC 9
PANEL-1
THIS IS BACKUP FOR PERMISSIVE/ PROTECTION TRIP

AND CONNECTED IN ANOTHER PANEL
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL-1

96 BUSBAR PROT-2 PANEL
PANEL-1
87 BUSBAR TRIP (ZONE-2)
ABB
NSD 50

DC +VE
FROM PANEL
CONTROL PANEL
T NC
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
T NC
TIE CB(2-52CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
G4AD V9LC 2
G4AD V9LC 1
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA

59L1 / OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1
87 HZ / TEED-1 PROTECTION
87 LZ / TEED-2 PROTECTION
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
DC VE FROM PANEL
CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP
1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE
2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE H
3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPER
4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPE
5. MAIN CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 OPERATED.
9. 87 HZ TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED
10. 87 LZ TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP SEND CARRIER CHANNEL- 2

PANEL-2
ABB
NSD 50

DC +VE
FROM PANEL
CONTROL PANEL
T NC
MAIN CB(1-52CB)
TIE CB (2-52 CB)
T NC
TIE CB(2-52CB)
MAIN CB (1-52 CB)
G4AD V9LC 2
G4AD V9LC 1
50 LBB/BFR FOR MAIN CB / RAICA

87 HZ / TEED-1 PROTECTION
87 LZ / TEED-2 PROTECTION
50 LBB/BFR FOR TIE CB / RAICA
DC VE FROM PANEL
CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT TRIP
1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB REMOTE
2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB REMOTE H
3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-1 OPER
4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 96 BUSBAR-2 OPE
9. 87 HZ TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED
10. 87 LZ TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED.
DIRECT TRIP RECEIVE CHANNEL-1&2

PANEL-1
ABB
NSD 50
TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY

(HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR
MAIN CB(152CB)
TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY
TIE CB(252CB)
DC +VE
G4AD V9LC 6
G4AD V9LC 5
PANEL-2
DIRECT TRIP-1
CARRIER RECEIVE
RELAY
+VE
-VE
ABB
NSD 50
TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY

MAIN CB(152CB)
DC +VE
TO 86-B MASTER TRIP RELAY

TIE CB(252CB)
G4AD V9LC 6
G4AD V9LC 5
DIRECT TRIP-2
CARRIER RECEIVE
RELAY
PLCC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM

(TELEPROTECTION)
REL531
REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
NSD 50
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
PLCC
PANEL
ELECTRICAL POWER LINE
PLCC
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
NSD 50
PANEL
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
FIBRE OPTIC PROTECTION SYSTEM

(TELEPROTECTION)
REL531
REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
C
TUNOS
TUNOS
FOX-U
FOX-515
FOX-U
FOX-515
GECOD/ SIFOX
NSD 70
PANEL
NSD 70
PANEL
GECOD/ SIFOX
NSD 70
PANEL
NSD 70
PANEL
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
FIBRE OPTIC CARRIER PROTECTION SYSTEM

(TELEPROTECTION)
DIGITAL RELAY CONNECTION VIA FIBRE OPTIC
REL531
REL531
REL 521
MAIN-1
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
TUNOS
FOX-U
FOX-515
REC 316*4
REL 316
MAIN-2
PROTECTION
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
OTERM
TUNOS
OTERM
FOX-U
FOX-515
REC 316*4
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2

PROTECTION FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

1.
2.
3.
PURPOSE OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

POWER T/F PROTECTION IS USUALLY INSTALLED TO DISCONNECT THE T/F AT:
A. INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS AND EARTH FAULTS IN THE T/F AND ITS CONNECTED
CIRCUITS.
B. EXTERNAL FAULTS ON OTHER CIRCUITS. (BACK-UP PROTECTION)
C. ABNORMAL SERVICE CONDITIONS SUCH AS OVERLOAD & OVER VOLTAGE.
PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON POWER T/F
A. OIL IMMERSED POWER T/F USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. LOAD TAPCHANGER COMPARTMENTS MAY HAVE A SIMILAR OVER PRESSURE DEVICE.
C. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
D. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE T/F FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS
WITH IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR T/F.
THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PROTECTION IS THE CURRENT RESTRAINT TYPE.
SOME TYPE OF DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS REQUIRE INTERPOSING CTs FOR CT RATIO
MATCHING AND/OR PHASE SHIFT.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION CAN BE USED ON AUTO T/F & REACTORS.
IT COVERS ONE GALVANICALLY INTERCONNECTED WINDING (WDG DIFF). BUT NOT A
SEPARATE TERTIARY WINDING.
IT REQUIRES A THREE PHASE SET OF CTs AT THE NEUTRAL SIDE OF WINDING.
4.RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

AT/Fs are used to couple EHV Power Networks, If the Ratio of their Voltages is Moderate.
An Alternative
to Differential Protection that can be applied to AT/Fs. A Circulating Current System is arranged between
Equal Ratio Current Transformers in the Two Groups of Line Connections and the Neutral End
Connections. The Line Current Transformers can be connected in Parallel to A Single Element Relay, Thus
providing a Scheme Responsive to Earth Faults Only. If Current Transformers are fitted in Each Phase at
the Neutral End of the Windings and a Three-Element Relay is used, A Differential System can be provided,
giving Full Protection against Phase and Earth Faults. This Provides High-speed Sensitive Protection. It is
Unaffected by Ratio Changes on the Transformer due to Tap-changing and is immune to the Effects of
Magnetizing In Rush Current. It does not respond to Interturn Faults. In Addition, This Scheme does not
respond to any Fault in a Tertiary Winding. Unloaded Delta-connected Tertiary Windings are often not
Protected.
5. BACK UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21T).
C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
6.OTHER TYPES OF RELAYS

A. OVER VOLTAGE RELAY (U >).
B. OVER FLUX/ EXCITATION (V/F >)( INVERSE TIME & DIFENITE TIME).
FOR 400KV/220KV & 765/400KV TRANSFORMERS BOTH SIDES( i.e HV & LV) OVER FLUX RELAYS ARE
PROVIDED BECAUSE BOTH SIDES HAVING GRID.
C. AT/F NEUTRAL CURRENT RELAY (51N).
NORMALLY ADOPTED POWER TRANSFORMERS CAPACITIES IN 400KV / 220KV

CAPACITY OF
TRANSFORMER
HV VOLTAGE HV CURRENT
LV VOLTAGE
LV
CURRENT
315 MVA
400 KV
454.68 A
220 KV
0826.68 A
500 MVA
400 KV
721.71 A
220 KV
1312.20 A
630 MVA
400 KV
909.35 A
220 KV
1653.37 A
NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO

FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
BACK UP
PROTECTION
S.No
CAPA
CITY
16
MVA
31.5
MVA
50
MVA
80
MVA
31.5
MAIN
PROTECTION
132KV/11
KV
132KV/33
KV
87T DIFFER
7.5
MVA
16
MVA
25
MVA
31.5
MVA
VOLTAGE
RATIO
HV
LV
3 OL +
1 DIR
EL
3 OL +
1 EL
3 OL +
1 DIR
EL
3 OL +
1 EL
3 OL +
3 OL +
ADDITI
ONAL
PROTE
CTION
SPECIA
L
PROTE
CTION
BUCHH
OLZ,
OLTC
OSR
OIL
TEMP
WDNG
TEMP
NIL
MAIN / DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(4 CT METHOD)
3-CT
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S3
5S3
5S3

4 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-ACT
6 CT METHOD : 3-ACT & 2-ACT
CLASS: PS
TRIP
5S1
5S1
5S3
5S3
5S3
3 3 3
LV-CT
CORE-5
DISPLAY
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
CT MB
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
START
5S1
P2 P2 P2
2-ACT
CORE-5
RET 521/
RET 316
RADSB
ACTIVE
5S3
5S3
5S3
5S4
5S4
5S4
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
AUX.CT Y/
0.91 / 0.577A
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-5
CT MB
AUX.CT Y/
0.689 / 0.577A
AUX.CT Y/
0.91 / 0.577A
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IN CASE OF 1&1/2 CB
SYSTEM, THE DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION CTs
ASSOCIATED WITH MAIN &
TIE CBs SHOULD BE
CONNECTED TO SEPARATE
BIAS WINDINGS AND THESE
SHOULD NOT BE PARALLED
IN ORDER TO AVOID FALSE
OPERATION DUE TO
DISSIMILAR CT TRANSIENT
RESPONSE.
MAIN / DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR AT/F

(5 CT METHOD)
3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
5S4
5S4
5S4
5S3
5S3
5S3
AUX.CT Y/
0.91 / 0.577A
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
RET 521/
RET 316
RADSB
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
AUX.CT Y/
0.689 / 0.577A
CT MB
5S1
5S1
5S1
5S3
5S3
5S3
3 3 3
P2 P2 P2
LV-CT
CORE-5
DISPLAY
CTR: 1200-800/1A
CLASS: PS
NORMALLY LOW
IMPEDENCE BIASED
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
IS USED FOR
TRANSFORMER
DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION
SELECTION OF AUX.CTs FOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
NORMALLY 400KV/220KV AUTO TRANSFORMERS ARE OF CAPACITY 315MVA.

FOR MERZ PRICE PROTECTION IF TRANSFORMER IS CONNECTED IN STAR/STAR
THEN CT SECONDARIES ARE TO BE CONNECTED IN DELTA/DELTA.
CORRECT RATIO CTs ARE NOT AVAILABLE, THEN AUX.CTs ARE TO BE PROVIDED
FOR ACHEVING SUITABLE CURRENTS.
IF AUX CTs ARE USING THEN MAIN CT SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN STAR.
THIS IS BROUGHT TO AUX CTs. AUX CTs PRIMARY IS CONNECTED IN STAR &
SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA.
NORMALLY THE RELAY RATED CURRRENT IS 1A.
AUX.CT s SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED IN DELTA. FOR ACHIEVING 1A TO
RELAY, AUX.CT SECONDARY CURRENT IS TO BE 0.577A.
THE FULL LOAD PRIMARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 454.7A.
BUT THE 400KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE : 2000-1000-500/1A
NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 500/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED.
HENCE AT FULL LOAD HV CURRENT i.e 454.7A, THEN SECONDARY OF CT
CURRENT WILL BE 0.91A.
SO HV SIDE AUX.CT RATIO IS 0.91/0.577A.
THE FULL LOAD SECONDARY CURRENT OF 315MVA AT/F IS 826.7A.
BUT THE 220KV CTs RATIOs ARE AVAILABLE: 1200-800/1A.
NEAREST VALUE TO FULL LOAD CURRENT IS 1200/1A. HENCE IT IS ADOPTED.
HENCE AT FULL LOAD LV CURRENT i.e 826.7A,THEN SECONDARY OF CT CURRENT
WILL BE 0.689A.
SO LV SIDE AUX CT RATIO IS 0.689/0.577A.
SPECIAL INFORMATION: LATEST NUMERICAL RELAYS NEED NOT REQUIRE AUX
CTs. IN THESE RELAYS, CT RATIOS MATCHING CAN BE PROGRAMMED.
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(4 CT METHOD)
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
RAICA IB4 / C451
LBB / BFR
IN4 / C471
50Z
3-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S3
4S3
4S3

4 CT METHOD : 3-CT & 2-ACT
6 CT METHOD : 3-ACT & 2-ACT
CLASS: PS
START
C
4S3
4S3
4S4
4S4
4S4
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
IB4 / C451
IY4 / C431
IR4 / C411
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
3 3 3
E172
E174
CT MB
4S3
VY11 / E131
TRIP
DISPLAY
3 3 3
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505
ACTIVE
2-ACT
CORE-4
VR11 / E111
3 3
CVT
SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F HV

(5 CT METHOD)
VR11 / E111
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
IB4 / C451
3-TCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S4
4S4
4S4
4S3
4S3
4S3
RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505
ACTIVE
START
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
TRIP
3 3 3
E172
E174
IN4 / C471
DISPLAY
C
3 3
CVT
SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
BACKUP PROTECTION FOR AT/F LV

P1 P1 P1 CT MB
LV-CT
CTR: 1200 800 /1A
3 3 3
CORE-4
4S2
4S2
4S2
4S1
4S1
4S1
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
IR4 / C411
IY4 / C431
RAICA IB4 / C451
LBB / BFR
IN4 / C471
50Z
VR11 / E111
RAPDK
DIR O/L & E/F
REL 505
ACTIVE
START
VY11 / E131
VB11 / E151
VN11 / E171
TRIP
3 3 3
E172
E174
DISPLAY
3 3
VOLTAGE
SELECTION
BUS-1 PT /
BUS-2 PT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
MISCELLENEOUS
RELAYS & PROTECTIONS
ADOPTED FOR
AUTO TRANSFORMER IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(OVER FLUX & REF FUNCTIONS)
PREPARED BY

ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
OVER EXCITATION/FLUX RELAY

{FOR AUTO TRANSFORMER HV & LV}
VOLTAGE
SELECTION
RATUB
V/F RELAY
HV
CVT SELECTION
BUS-1 CVT /
BUS-2 CVT /
LINE CVT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
RATUB
V/F RELAY
LV
BUS-1 PT /
BUS-2 PT
CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: 3P
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F

RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
P2 P2 P2
400KV HV
CORE-1
S2
S2
S2
S1
S1
S1
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
RADHD
ACTIVE START
TRIP
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
P1 P1 P1
P1 P1 P1
NEUTRAL
CORE-1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
220KV LV
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
DISPLAY
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
315MVA, 400KV/220KV/33KV AT/F

3-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
P2 P2 P2
400KV HV
CORE-1
S2
S2
S2
S1
S1
S1
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
RADHA
ACTIVE START
TRIP
CTR: 1000/1A
CLASS: PS
P1 P1 P1
P1 P1 P1
NEUTRAL
CORE-1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
CTR: 1000/ 1A
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
P1 P1 P1
220KV LV
CORE-1
CTR: 1000/1A
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
DISPLAY
CLASS: PS
P2 P2 P2
315MVA, 400KV/220KV AT/F VOLAGE SELECTION

BUS-1
LINE1
1-52CB
2-52CB
3-52CB
BUS-2
AT/F-1
FEEDER HAVING LINE CVTs &BUSES ARE HAVING BUS CVTs BUT AT/Fs ARE
NOT HAVING CVTs. FOR TRANSFORMER PANEL, PT SUPPLY IS SELECTED AS
PER SELECTION DESCRIBED BELOW FOR METERING AND PROTECTION,
WHICH IS FIRST SELECTED .
BUS-1
CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-1 and 1-52CB & 2-52CB is closed. Then
Bus-1 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to Control &
Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
BUS-2
CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Bus-2 and 3-52 CB is closed & 2-52CB is

open. Then Bus-2 CVT is selected and this supply is extended to
Control & Relay Panels for Auto Transformer.
LINE
CVT
If AT/F is feeding from Direct Line and 2-52CB is closed & 1-52 CB
& 3-52 CB is open and 389T ISO is Closed . Then line CVT is
selected and this supply is extended to Control & Relay Panels for
Auto Transformer.
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2

PROTECTION FOR
SHUNT REACTOR
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
BASICS OF SHUNT REACTOR
1. TYPES OF REACTORS :
A. BASED ON REACTOR CONNECTION
i. SHUNT REACTOR.
ii. SERIES REACTOR.
B. BASED ON REACTOR LOCATION
i. BUS REACTOR
ii. LINE REACTOR
C. BASED ON CONTROL
i. 3-PH OIL IMMERSED REACTOR WITH GAPPED IRON CORE.
ii. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR (STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR)
(APTRANSCO UTILISING SHUNT REACTORS FOR BUS & LINE IN 400KV NETWORK)
2. NEED OF SHUNT REACTOR:
A. LINE REACTOR
SHUNT REACTORS ARE USED IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR THE CAPACITIVE SHUNT
REACTANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES. THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE LINE. THE
LOCATION OF REACTOR IS OUT GOING SIDE OF LINE i.e AFTER CIRCUIT BREAKER. LENGTH OF LINE
IS MORE THERE MAY BE VOLTAGE IS RAISING DUE TO FARANTI EFFECT(CAPACITANCE) DURING
CHARGING. IN CASE OF ZONE-2 (OPEN JUMPER) FAULT, THE FAULT CLEARED BY REMOTE END IS
FAST, BUT THIS END IT WILL TAKE TIME DELAY DUE TO ZONE-2. DURING THIS TIME, VOLTAGE MAY
RAISING. SO, LINE REACTOR IS USED FOR CONTROLLING THE SWITCHING OVER VOLTAGES AND
SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT. NORMALLY IT IS ALWAYS IN SERVICE. NORMALLY BOTH
ENDS LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED. THE ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK IS PROVIDED THAT IF
REACTOR ISOLATOR CLOSSED POSITION ONLY WILL GIVE PERMIT TO CLOSE THE LINE ISOLATOR.
SIMILARLY FOR OPENING REACTOR ISOLATOR THE LINE ISOLATOR SHOULD BE IN OPEN POSITION.
NEUTRAL REACTOR CONNECTED BETWEEN THE STAR POINT OF EHV SHUNT REACTOR AND THE
GROUND, LIMITS THE SECONDARY ARC CURRENT TO A LOW VALUE OF AROUND 10 AMPS
TYPICALLY FOR 400KV SYSTEM TO ENSURE COMPLETE DE-IONISATION OF ARC PATH WHEN EHV
SYSTEM DEVELOPS A SINGLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT. ARC EXTINCTION DURING LINE SINGLEPHASE AUTORECLOSE DEAD TIME IS ASSISTED BY THIS NEUTRAL REACTOR.
3.
4.
B. BUS REACTOR
THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE BUS i.e LIKE A FEEDER/LINE.
DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITIONS THERE MAY BE POSSIBULITY OF RAISING
BUS VOLTAGES. FOR SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT BUS REACTORS
ARE UTILISING. NORMALLY IT IS NOT IN SERVICE. WHENEVER THE VOLTAGE
RAISES TO 4%TO 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT IN
SERVICE AND 2% TO 3% LESS THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT OUT
OF SERVICE.
SELECTION OF REACTOR
A. LINE REACTOR
NORMALLY LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE LINE IS MORE OR EQUAL TO
250KM. IN APTRANSCO NETWORK MAXIMUM LENTH OF LINE IS 350KM. AS PER
SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS IF LINE LENGTH IS 250KM TO 300KM 50MVAR
REACTOR IS TO BE USED. IF MORE THAN 300KM 63MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE USED.
B. BUS REACTOR
NORMALLY BUS REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE SUBSTATION BUS VOLTAGE IS
RAISING 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE DURING LIGHTLY LOADED
CONDITION. BASED ON THE SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS BUS REACTORS
ARE TO BE PROVIDED. CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR PROVIDING BUS
REACTOR. IN THIS THERE IS NO STANDARDISATION.
LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO
A. LINE REACTOR
1. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 1 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR
2. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 2 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR
B. BUS REACTOR
1. 400KV KALAPAKA SS 2 X 50 MVAR
2. 400KV NUNNA SS(PGCIL BAYS) 1 x 63 MVAR
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

THE PURPOSE OF THE PROTECTION RELAYING IS TO DISCONNECT THE REACTOR AND
LIMIT DAMAGE IN CASE OF INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, EARTH FAULTS, INTERTURN
FAULTS AND OVER VOLTAGE OR OVER LOAD.THE REACTOR FORMS CERTAIN IMPEDENCE
FOR RATED FREQUENCY, AND AS IT IS SHUNT CONNECTED, AS OVER LOAD MAY BE
CAUSED BY OVER VOLTAGE OR HARMONICS IN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT.
PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR
A. OIL IMMERSED REACTOR USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE.
DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR
DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS.
B. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD
PROTECTION.
C. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE REACTOR FROM HIGH
PRESURES.
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS
WITH IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR REACTOR.
IT CAN BE OF HIGH IMPEDENCE TYPE OR OF A SENSITIVE CURRENT STABILISED TYPE.
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS REQUIRE AN EQUAL CT TURNS
RATIO ON THE PHASE AND NEUTRAL SIDE. SENSITIVITY IS 5% OF NOMINAL REACTOR CT
CURRENT.
BACK-UP PROTECTION
A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE.
A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY
COMBINATION OF THESE)
B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21R).
C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>).
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
IF, FOR SOME REASON, A SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NOT CHOOSEN A
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION CAN BE UTILISED.
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(4CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
IL
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
P1
P1
3 3-CT
1-89A
UUU
P2
2-89A
P1
P1
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89R
UUUU
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING REACTOR
1-89L
UUU
LINE
SHUNT
REACTOR
IL
2-BCT
P2
2-ACT
1-89R
1-RCT
P1 3
3-89A
LINE 1
BUS
SHUNT
REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR (BUS & LINE)

(5CT METHOD)
BUS-1
BUS-2
1-89
IL
INTER LOCK FACILITY:
WHEN 1-89R CLOSES ONLY
PERMIT TO CLOSE 1-89L AND
1-89L OPENS ONLY
PERMIT TO OPEN 1-89R.
3-89
1-52CB
1-CT
3-52CB
P2
P2
3P1
3 3-CT
P1
1-89A
2-89A
IL
2-52CB
P2
2-89B
3-89R
P2
1-89L
1-LCT
P1
P2
3P1
LINE 1
P1
3 3-RCT
UUUU
UUU
UUU
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING
REACTOR
P2
LINE
SHUNT
REACTOR
2-CT
1-89R
1-RCT
P1 3
3-89A
BUS
SHUNT
REACTOR
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
3,4,6S - CT METHOD
5,6T1,6T2 - CT METHOD
LINE PROTECTION
MAIN-1 PROTECTION,
MAIN-2 PROTECTION,
METERING,
BUSBAR & BUSBAR
CHECKUP PROTECTION
IN THIS REACTOR CT CURRENT IS OPPOSES THE

MAIN&TIE CT CURRENT. VECTOR SUM OF CTs i.e.
MAIN, TIE & REACTOR IS LINE CURRENT.
3CT METHOD, 4CT METHOD,

6CT(S) METHOD
AS USUAL IN
5CT METHOD,
6CT(T1) METHOD,
6CT(T2) METHOD
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

MAIN PROTECTION ( 87 R )
(DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION)
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1 & NEUTRAL

BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT
REACTOR IS CONNECTED TO 3-PH
HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL
RELAY.

BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF LINE SHUNT
RELAY.
BACK UP PROTECTION(21R)
( SINGLE STEP REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
1-RCT CORE-1 & SELECTED CVT IS

CONNECTED TO SINGLE STEP
REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY.

RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT

PROTECTION (64 R )
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & 1-PH

NEUTRAL GROUNDING REACTOR
EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-1.2 OF
LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS
CONNECTED TO 1-PH HIGH
RELAY(REF).
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & I-PH

NEUTRAL GROUNDING REACTOR
EARTH BUSHING CT CORE-1.2 OF
LINE SHUNT REACTOR IS
RELAY(REF).
METERING
REACTOR STAR SIDE BUSHING CT

CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO REACTOR
METERING
REACTOR STAR SIDE BUSHING CT

CORE-1 IS CONNECTED TO
REACTOR METERING
SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

PROTECTIONS
4 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION

MAIN PROTECTION (87 R)
(DIFFERENTIALPROTECTION)

BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF BUS SHUNT
RELAY.
HV BUSHING CT CORE-1&
NEUTRAL BUSHING CT CORE-3 OF
BUS SHUNT REACTOR IS
IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RLY.
BACK UP PROTECTION (21R )

( SINGLE STEP REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION )
3-CT CORE-5 & 2-ACT CORE-5

SECONDARIES ARE CONNECTED
PARALLEL & SELECTED CVT IS


PROTECTION ( 64 R )
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH

BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS SHUNT
RELAY(REF).
HV BUSHING CT CORE-2 & EARTH

BUSHING CT CORE-2 OF BUS
SHUNT REACTOR IS CONNECTED
TO 1-PH HIGH IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY(REF).
SPECIAL PROTECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR
STUB PROTECTION
TEED-1: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT

TEED-2: 1-CT, 2-CT, 1-LCT & 1-RCT
BUS SHUNT REACTOR
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION :

3-CT, 2A-CT & REACTOR HV CT
TEED-1: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT

TEED-2: 3-CT, 2-CT & 3-RCT
CVT SELECTION
LINE SHUNT REACTOR: ACCORDING

TO ISOLATORS & BREAKERS
POSITION BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE CVT
WILL BE SELECTED.
BUS SHUNT REACTOR:

ACCORDING TO ISOLATORS &
BREAKERS POSITION BUS-1/
BUS-2 CVT WILL BE SELECTED.
REACTOR BUSHING CT CONNECTIONS

CORES
LINE SHUNT REACTOR

4 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
BUS SHUNT REACTOR

4 CT METHOD
5 CT METHOD
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
HV (400KV SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1(PS)
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
CORE-2(PS)
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
CORE-3*(PS)
SPARE
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
SPARE
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
TEED PROTECTION
SPARE
METERING
METERING
NEUTRAL (STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs

CORE-1
(0.2/0.5)
METERING
METERING
CORE-2(PS)
SPARE
SPARE
CORE-3(PS)
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
NEUTRAL REACTOR (MAIN REACTOR

STAR POINT SIDE) BUSHING CTs
CORE1.1(PS)
SPARE
SPARE
NEUTRAL REACTOR (EARTH POINT
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR HIGH
IMPEDENCE
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
*NOTE: NORMALLY CORE-3 OF HV
BUSHING CT IS USED FOR REACTOR

IMPEDENCE PROTECTION. FOR REACTOR
IMPEDENCE PROTECTION EITHER CORE3 OF HV BUSHING CT OR ONE OF THE
PROTECTION CORE OF EXTERNAL CT
MAY BE UTILISED.

.
(4CT METHOD)
1-RCT
P1
.
.
CORE 1.1
.
P2
P1
200/ 1A
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING REACTOR
UUU
P2
.
CORE 1.2
.
P1
200/ 1A
P2
.
.
1-89R
LINE
METERING
1-CT
2B-CT
LINE
CORES
3 2 1
200/ 1A
NEUTRAL BUSHING
(STAR PONT SIDE)
CTs
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
P1
3
3
3
LINESHUNT
REACTOR
UUU
P2
CORES
4 3 2
3
3
3
3
3
CORES
3 2 1
HV BUSHING
(400KV SIDE) CTs
3
3
3
200/ 1A
CORE-1: 2000-1000
-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
CORE-2: 2000-1000
1000-500/1
-500/1
2000CORE-3: 2000-1000
1000-500/1
-500/1
2000CORE-4: 2000-1000
1000-500/1
-500/1
2000CORE-5: 2000-1000
1000-500/1
-500/1
2000-
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
LINE
1-CT
1-CT
2B-CT
2B-CT

RESTRICTED EARTHFAULT PROTECTION
REACTOR IMPEDENCE PROTECTION

SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE
CVT VOLTAGE
REACTOR METERING

.
(5CT METHOD)
1-RCT
P1
P2
2-CT
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION-2
CORE-4
1-LCT
SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2/ LINE
CVT VOLTAGE
UUU
200/ 1A
1-CT
CORE-4

CORE-2
P2
.
CORE 1.2
.
1-LCT CORE-1
2-CT CORE-5
P1
P1
P2
1-CT CORE-5
P1
.
.
CORE 1.1
.
1-PH NEUTRAL
GROUNDING REACTOR
1-89R
P2
200/ 1A
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIO
CORES
3 2 1
200/ 1A
NEUTRAL BUSHING
(STAR PONT SIDE)
CTs
3
3
3
LINESHUNT
REACTOR
P1
UUU
P2
CORES
4 3 2
3
3
3
3
3
CORES
3 2 1
HV BUSHING
(400KV SIDE) CTs
3
3
3
200/ 1A
CORE-1: 2000-1000
-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
CORE-2: 2000-1000
-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
CORE-3: 2000-1000
-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
CORE-4: 2000-1000
-500/1
2000-1000-500/1
CORE-5: 2000-1000
-500/1
2000-1000-500/1

REACTOR METERING
3-89
3-52CB
1
2
2-52CB
2-89B
P1
2A-CT
3 2 1
NEUTRAL BUSHING CORES
CTs
. UUU
P1
200/
1ASHUNT
(STAR PONT SIDE)
BUS
P2
3-89R
3
3
3
P2
3
3
3
P1
3-89A
P2
4 3 2 1
CORES
3-CT
5 4 3
CORES
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
REACTOR METERING
TEE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
P2
3
3
SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2
CVT VOLTAGE
3 2 1 P1
CORES
HV BUSHING CTs
200/ 1A
REACTOR
(400KV SIDE)
BUS-2
BUSBAR CHECKUP PROT

(4CT METHOD)
BUS BAR PROTECTION
4 3 2 1
CORES
3-89A
3
3
3
3
3
P2
P2
3 2 1 P1
CORES
HV BUSHING CTs
200/ 1A(400KV SIDE)
REACTOR
3R-CT
200/
1ASHUNT
(STAR PONT SIDE)
BUS
P1
3-89R
2-89B
CORES
2 3 4
3 2 1
NEUTRAL BUSHING CORES
CTs
. UUU
P1
P1
BUSBAR CHECKUP PR
BUS BAR PROTECTIO
1
2
TEED-2 PROT (BAY 1&2)


P2
3-CT
REACTOR METERING
3
3
3
P2
2-CT
P2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3-52CB
3
3
3
3
3
2-52CB P1
3-89
CORES
3 4 5
(5CT METHOD)
3
3
SELECTED
BUS-1/ BUS-2
CVT VOLTAGE

BUS-2
CARRIER INTERTRIPPING OF LINE SHUNT REACTOR
LINE SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION TRIPPINGS WILL BE USED AS DIRECT TRIPPINGS OF LINE IN
ADDITION TO OTHER TRIPPINGS. BUS SHUNT REACTOR NEED NOT REQUIRE CARRIER INTER
TRIPPING FACILITY.
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RADHA
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
RAKZB
ABB
NSD 50
LINE PROTECTION
COUPLER PANEL-1
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
G4AD V9LC 2
GROUP-1/A TRIPPINGS
G4AD V9LC 1
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
RADHA
21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY
RAKZB
ABB
NSD 50
DC VE FROM PANEL
LINE PROTECTION
COUPLER PANEL-2
DC +VE
FROM PANEL
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
RADHD
REACTORS INTERNAL FAULTS
G4AD V9LC 2
GROUP-2/B TRIPPINGS
G4AD V9LC 1
DC VE FROM PANEL
ADDITIONAL AND
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
ADOPTED IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
(EVENT LOGGER & DISTURBANCE
RECORDER)
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
400KV SUBSTATION: MAMIDIPALLY

19 MAR 2004 13:00:00
A 13:09:37.090 # 195
A 13:09:37.096 # 188
A 13:09:37.097 # 187
A 13:09:37.100 # 181
A 13:09:37.104 # 162
A 13:09:37.110 # 196
A 13:09:37.110 # 170
A 13:09:37.111 # 161
A 13:09:37.111 # 163
A 13:09:37.111 # 169
A 13:09:37.112 # 168
A 13:09:37.113 # 182
A 13:09:37.126 # 199
A 13:09:37.140 # 185
N 13:09:37.147 # 195
N 13:09:37.148 # 196
N 13:09:37.175 # 187
N 13:09:37.176 # 181
N 13:09:37.176 # 188
N 13:09:37.185 # 182
N 13:09:37.257 # 199
N 13:09:37.279 # 185
19 MAR 2004 14:00:00
N 14:09:48.702 # 163
N 14:09:48.704 # 161
N 14:09:48.720 # 162
N 14:10:00.903 # 169
N 14:10:00.907 # 168
N 14:10:00.907 # 170
19 MAR 2004 15:00:00
EVENT LOGGER EVENTS INFORMATION
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP

400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTY
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT STARTR
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH OPEN
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE PROT TRIP RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-2 RAZFE CARRIER SEND RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START R RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 PROT TRIP RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 START Y RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN-1 REL100 CARRIER SEND RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-2 RECEIVED RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 CARRIER PROT CH-1 RECEIVED RESET
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 B-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 R-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 MAIN CB 752 Y-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 Y-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 R-PH CLOSE
400KV SRISAILAM-2 AT/F-2 TIE CB 852 B-PH CLOSE
DISTURBANCE RECORDER
R PH VOLTAGE
Y PH VOLTAGE
B PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R PH CURRENT
Y PH CURRENT
B PH CURRENT
STAR/NEUTRAL CURRENT
MAIN CB R PH OPEN
MAIN CB Y PH OPEN
MAIN CB B PH OPEN
TIE CB R PH OPEN
TIE CB Y PH OPEN
TIE CB B PH OPEN
MAIN/TIE CB LBB OPTD
DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 OPTD
BUSBAR PROT OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT OPTD
MAIN-2 PROT OPTD
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1/2 OPTD
STUB PROT-1/2 OPTD
MAIN-1 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
MAIN-2 PROT CARRIER RECEIVE
DF/DT OPTD
EVENT NO
NAME OF FEEDER
DATE & TIME
PREFERRED DISTURBANCE RECORDER

400 KV LINES
ANALOG CHANNELS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
R-PH VOLTAGE
Y-PH VOLTAGE
B-PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R-PH CURRENT
Y-PH CURRENT
B-PH CURRENT
NEUTRAL/STAR CURRENT
DIGITAL CHANNELS
1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN

2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN
3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN
4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN
5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN
6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN
7. 21 MAIN1 REL 521 OPERATED
8. 21 MAIN2 REL 316 OPERATED
9. 87 BUSBAR RELAY OPERATED
10. MAIN CB A/R OPERATED
11. TIE CB A/R OPERATED
12. PSB OPERATED
13. SOTF OPERATED
14. 27 O/V STG-1/2 OPERATED
15. 51 STUB-1/2 OPERATED
16. 87HZ / LZ TEED-1/2 OPERATED
17. MAIN CB LBB OPERATED
18. TIE CB LBB OPERATED
19. DIRECT TRIP CH-1/2 TRIP
20. 21M1 / 21M2 CARRIER RECEIVE
21. 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPERATED
22. 67N DEF/TEF RLY OPERATED
23. DF/DT RELAY OPERATED
400 KV TRANSFORMER
ANALOG CHANNELS
1. HV
2. HV
3. HV
4. HV
5. LV
6. LV
7. LV
8. LV
9. HV
10. HV
11. HV
12. HV
13. LV
14. LV
15. LV
16. LV
R-PH VOLTAGE
Y-PH VOLTAGE
B-PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R-PH VOLTAGE
Y-PH VOLTAGE
B-PH VOLTAGE
OPEN DELTA VOLTAGE
R-PH CURRENT
Y-PH CURRENT
B-PH CURRENT
R-PH CURRENT
Y-PH CURRENT
B-PH CURRENT
DIGITAL CHANNELS
1. HV MAIN CB R-PH OPEN

2. HV MAIN CB Y-PH OPEN
3. HV MAIN CB B-PH OPEN
4. HV TIE CB R-PH OPEN
5. HV TIE CB Y-PH OPEN
6. HV TIE CB B-PH OPEN
7. LV 220 CB R-PH OPEN
8. LV 220 CB Y-PH OPEN
9. LV 220 CB B-PH OPEN
10 87 LZ DIFF RLY OPERATED
11. HV 67 ABCN OPERATED
12. LV 67 ABCN OPERATED
13. 51 O/L RLY OPERATED
14. 64 REF / 87 HZ RLY OPERATED
15. NDR RLY OPERATED
16. HV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD
17. LV 99T OVER FLUX OPTD
18. HV 400 BUSBAR OPERATED
19. LV 220 BUSBAR OPERATED
20. HV MAIN CB LBB OPERATED
21. HV TIE CB LBB OPERATED
22. LV 220 CB LBB OPERATED
23. HV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD
24. LV 86 GR-A/B RELAY OPTD
25. AT/F 21T UZ RELAY OPERATED
26. OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
27. WNDG TEMP HV/IV/LV TRIP
28. BUCHHOLZ MAIN/OLTC TRIP
29. PRD 1/ 2 TRIP
30. AT/F NEUTRAL CURRENT TRIP
CONFIGUARATION
OF CONTROL &
RELAY PANELS IN
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
CONFIGUARATION OF C & R PANEL

CONTROL PANEL
CB RELAY PANEL
LINE PROTECTION
PANEL
1. AMMETERS IN
3Phs
2. VOLTMETER WITH
SEL. SWITCH
3. WATTMETER
4. VAR METER
5. 20W ANNUCIATION
FACIA
6. CB CONTROL
(TNC) SWITCH
7. ISO CONTROL
(TNC) SWITCH
8. SEMAPHORE FOR
EARTH SWITCH
9. INDICATING LAMPS
FOR CB G&R
10. INDICATING
LAMPS FOR ISO
11. INDICATING
LAMPS FOR DC
1. BREAKER FAILURE
RELAY
2. AUTO RECLOSURE
RELAY
3. CHECK
SYNCHRONISING
RELAY
4. CB ALARM RELAYS
5. CB TRIP CKT
SUPERVISION RELAYS
6. 3-PH TRIP UNITS
86-GA & 86-GB
7. 1-PH TRIP RELAYS
M1, M2 - 1 2 Nos
8. DIRECT TRIP
RECEIVE RELAYS
9. DC SUPERVISION
RELAYS
1. MAIN-1 NUM.
DIST. PROT
2. MAIN-2 NUM. DIST.
PROT.
3. O/V STAGE-1 (EXT/IN
BUILT)
4. O/V STAGE-2
(EXT/IN
BUILT)
5. DISTURBANCE
RECORDER(EXT/INB
UILT)
6. DISTANCE TO
FAULT (EXT/ INBUILT)
7. DC SUPERVISION
RELAYS
8. TEED-1
PROTECTION
9. TEED-2
PROTECTION
CONFIGUARATION OF C & R PANEL

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION PANEL
HV PROTECTION PANEL
MV PROTECTION PANEL
REACTOR
PROTECTION
PANEL
1. T/F DIFFERENTIAL 1. DIRECTIONAL O/L

1. REACTOR
PROTECTION
E/F RELAYS
DIFFERENTIAL
2. REF PROTECTION
2. OVER FLUX
PROTECTION
RELAY
PROTECTION
2. REF PROTECTION
3. DIRECTIONAL O/L
3. NEUTRAL
RELAY
E/F RELAYS
DISPALCEMENT RELAY 3. REACTOR
4. OVER FLUX
4. VOLTAGE
IMPEDENCE
PROTECTION
SELECTION RELAYS
PROTECTION
IN
THE ABOVE THE FOLLOWING
PANELS WILL BE AVAILABLE
5.ADDITION
OVER TO
LOAD
5. FUSE FAILURE
4. CVT SELECTION
1.
CONTROL
PANELS
FOR
LINE,
T/F,
B/C,
TBC,
BUS
REACTOR
(AS
& WHEN
REQ)
PROTECTION
RELAY
RELAYS
2. COMMON CONTROL PANEL
6. BUS
VOLTAGE
6. AUX RELAYS FOR
5. FLAG RELAYS
3.
BAR PROTECTION PANELS
SELECTION
RELAYS
T/F TROBLES
6. AUXSCHEME)
RELAYS
4.
TRANSFER BUS
COUPLER PROTECTION
PANEL(IN CASE OF DMT/SMT
7. BUS
FUSE
FAILURE
7. FLAG
RELAYS
7. TIMERS
5.
COUPLER
PROTECTION PANEL
(IN CASE
OF DMT/DB SCHEME)
I.RELAY
NOMINCLATURE FOR PANELS8.
ARE
NORMALLY
TIMERS
8. CIRCUIT LABEL
PANEL RLA,
RTB, LABEL
HV CB PANEL RTRA, LV CB PANEL RTRD
8. MAIN
AUXCBRELAYS
FORTIE CB9.PANEL
CIRCUIT
PROTECTION PANEL RLB, HV PROTECTION PANEL RTRB, LV PROTECTION PANEL
T/FLINE
TROBLES
RTRC, LINE REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL RLRC, BUS REACTOR PROTECTION PANEL
9. RBRA,
FLAGBUS
RELAYS
BAR PANEL RBBA, CONTROL PANEL CP, KP, KT, KBC, KTBC,KL,CCP
MV CB RELAY PANEL
MV PROTECTION PANEL
HV PROTECTION PANEL
HV CB RELAY PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
LINE REACTOR PROT PANEL
LINE PROTECTION PANEL
DIA WITH LINE & REACTORS

MV CB RELAY PANEL
MV PROTECTION PANEL
HV PROTECTION PANEL
HV CB RELAY PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
LINE-2 PROTECTION PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
LINE-1 PROTECTION PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
DIA WITH TWO LINES
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
BUS REACTOR PROT PANEL
TIE CB RELAY PANEL
LINE REACTOR PROT PANEL
MAIN CB RELAY PANEL
ARRANGEMENT OF C & R PANELS

DIA WITH LINE & TRANSFORMER
DIA WITH LINE, REACTOR & T/F
TRIP LOGICS
OF
ONE AND HALF
CIRCUIT BREAKER
SCHEME
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
GROUP-A & GROUP-B TRIPPINGS

FOR 400KV STATIONS THERE SHALL BE TWO SEPARATE BATTERY SYSTEMS AVAILABLE FOR
PROTECTION, CONTROL & TRIPPING/CLOSING OPERATIONS. TO OBTAIN REDUNDENCY AND TO BE
ABLE TO TAKE PROTECTION OUT FOR MAINTANENCE, WHILE EQUIPMENT IS IN SERVICE, THE
RELAYS ARE ELECTRICALLY AND PHYSICALLY SEGREGATED IN TO TWO GROUPS. GROUPING IS
DONE TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE IN SUCH A WAY THAT EACH GROUP CAN INDEPENDENTLY
CARRYOUT PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS WITH NEAR EQUAL REDUNDENCY. INTER CONNECTION OF
THESE TWO GROUPS SHALL NOT BE GENERALLY BE ATTEMPTED.
DISTRIBUTION OF DC SUPPLY SHALL BE DONE BAY WISE TO FEED THE FOLLOWING
1. PROTECTION
2. CB CONTROL
3. ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH CONTROL
4. ANNUNCIATION / INDICATION
LINE PROTECTION
GROUP-A
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
M1 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
TEED-1 PROTECTION
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 PROT
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1 RECEIVED
GROUP-B
MAIN-2 PROTCTION
M2 BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
TEED-2 PROTECTION
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2 PROT
LBB/BFR RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2 RECEIVED
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
GROUP-A
T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

T/F HV BACKUP RELAY
T/F IMP / 21T RELAY
T/F HV OVERFLUX RELAY
OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
PRESURE RELIEF TRIP
TERITIARY DELTA WNDG NDR PROT
GROUP-B
T/F REF / HIGH Z DIFF RELAY

BUCHHOLZ TRIP
T/F LV BACKUP RELAY
T/F NEUTRAL CURRENT / 51 O/C RLY
T/F LV OVERFLUX RELAY
OVER LOAD PROT (ALARM ONLY)
OLTC BUCHHOLZ TRIP
WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP
LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP
REACTOR PROTECTION
GROUP-A
REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

REACTOR BACKUP / 21R RELAY
OIL TEMP HIGH TRIP
PRESURE RELIEF TRIP
GROUP-B
REACTOR REF RELAY

BUCHHOLZ TRIP
WINDING TEMP HIGH TRIP
LOW/ HIGH OIL LEVEL TRIP
FIRE PROTECTION TRIP
SOTF, PSB
DIRECT TRIP CARRIER S
MAIN-1/MAIN-2 CARRIE
BLOCK M_CB A/R RELA
INITIATE SCADA (DR &
INITIATE ALARM
INITIATE 400KV B/B PR
BLOCK T_CB A/R RELA
START T_CB A/R RELAY
1-PH
START M_CB A/R RELAY
INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP

21 M2
MAIN-2 PROTECTION
1-PH
INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRI
OUTPUT
GROUP
21 M1
SYMBOL
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
PROTECTION
RELAY
MAIN CB FOR LINE (1-52CB)TRIPPING LOGICS
IN BUILT FUNCTIONS OF DISTANCE SCHEME
OVER VOLTAGE
STAGE-1 & STAGE-2
(BUILT IN 21 M1)
59 L1 & L2
3-PH
OVER VOLTAGE
STAGE-1 & STAGE-2
(BUILT IN 21 M2)
59 L1 & L2
3-PH
STUB, TOC, BOC,

TEF, DEF,
(BUILT- IN 21M1)
3-PH
STUB, TOC, BOC,

TEF, DEF,
(BUILT- IN 21M2)
3-PH
TEED PROT-1
87T HZ
3-PH
TEED PROT-2
87T LZ
3-PH
DIRECT TRIP CH-1 RECD
3-PH
3-PH
M_CB BFR / LBB PROT
3-PH
T_CB BFR / LBB PROT
3-PH
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
INITIATE ALARM
TO SCADA (DR & SOE)
1-PH & 3PH
SYNC CHECK RELAY

(BUILT IN 21M1 & 21M2)
25 SYNC
A&B
3-PH
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
186
1-PH
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A
86 GR A
3-PH
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
286
1-PH
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B
86 GR B
3-PH
TRIP SIGNAL FROM 400KV

BUSBAR PROTECTION
96 BB
3-PH
LINE UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
27 UV
89LE C LOSE PERMISSION
INITIATE T_CB A/R PRIORITY
A&B
START LBB/BFR M_C B
OUTPUT
79 A/R
INITIATE M_C B TRIP COIL-2
GROUP
AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY

(BUILT IN 21M1 & 21M2)
PROTECTION
RELAY
INITIATE M_C B TRIP COIL-1
SYMBOL
CLOSE MAIN CB
MAIN CB FOR LINE (1-52 CB) TRIPPING LOGICS
SYMBOL
GROUP
OUTPUT
PROTECTION
RELAY
T_CB BFR / LBB PROT

50 ZT
B
3-PH
M_CB BFR / LBB PROT

(152 CB & 352 CB)
50 Z
B
3-PH
AUTO RECLOSURE RELAY

79
A/R
A
&
B
1-PH
&
3-PH
SYNC CHECK RELAY

25
3-PH
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A

186
A
1-PH
X
X
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-A

86A
A
3-PH
X
X
1-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B

286
B
1-PH
X
X
3-PH TRIP UNIT GR-B

86B
B
3-PH
X
X

A
3-PH

B
3-PH
X
X
X
INITIATE SCADA (DR & SOE)
INITIATE ALARM
DIRECT TRIP CARRIER SEND
252START LBB/BFR OF T_CB

252CLOSE T_CB
252INITIATE T_CB TRIPCOIL-1 &
352INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP UNI

252INITIATE T_CB 1PH TRIP UNIT



TIE CB TRIPPING LOGICS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
INITIATE SCADA ( SOE)
3-PH
HV BACKUP PROTECTION
67 ABCN
3-PH
HV OVER FLUX PROT
99T HV
3-PH
OVER LOAD RELAY
51 O/L
3-PH
HV PROT TRIP UNIT GR-A & B
86 GR-A/B
A/B
3-PH
REF PROTECTION
64T(HZ)
3-PH
TEED PROT-1 / 2
87T HZ/LZ
A/B
3-PH
STUB PROT
50 STUB
3-PH
AT/F TROUBLE TRIP HV & LV
86 GR-A/B
A/B
3-PH
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
START M_CB LBB/BFR
87T(LZ)
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
PROTECTION
RELAY
INITIATE ALARM
INITIATE LV_CBTRIP COI
INITIATE LV_CB TRIP CO
START LV_CB LBB/BFR
INTER TRIP CIRCUIT HV
INITIATE M_CBTRIP COI
INITIATE M_CB TRIP COI
INITIATE LV_CB 3PH TRI
INITIATE LV_CB 3PH TRI
OUTPUT
GROUP
SYMBOL
INITIATE M_CB 3PH TRIP
MAIN CB FOR AT/F (3-52CB)TRIPPING LOGICS
AT/F TROUBLE ALRM

M_CB BFR / LBB PROT
50Z
3-PH
T_CB BFR / LBB PROT
50ZT
3-PH
LV_CB BFR / LBB PROT
50Z
3-PH
400KV B/B PROT
87 BB
96
3-PH
220KV B/B PROT
87 BB
96
3-PH
LV BACKUP PROTECTION
67 ABCN
3-PH
LV OVER FLUX PROT
99T LV
3-PH
TERI NEUTRAL DISP PROT
151N
3-PH
LV PROT TRIP UNIT GR-A & B
86 GR-A/B
A/B
3-PH
X
X
PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME

86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
REL521
MAIN-1
TRIP COIL-1
1-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
RET521
MAIN-1
TRIP COIL-1
2-52CB
TRIP COIL-1
3-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-2
BUS-1
86-B
ABB
REL521
MTR/
MAIN-1
HSTR
ABB
REL316
MAIN-2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
RET316
MAIN-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
86-A : GROUP-A MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY

86-B : GROUP-B MASTER TRIP RELAY / HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE-1 & SINGLE PHASE FAULT
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE
START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
CARRIER SEND
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (INTURN FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION COME)
TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER
TO EVENT RECORDER ( SOE/ SCADA )
TO LBB/BFR INITIATION
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 1-POLE )
START MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE
START TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND
AUTO RECLOSURE
CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR A/R OPERATION
1.
2.
3.
7.
8.
9.
CB CLOSE CONDITION.
TIME LAPSED MORE THAN RECLAIM TIME.
OPERATING PRESSURE OF CB SUITABLE FOR AUTORECLOSURE
OPERATION.
DC SUPPLY TO AUTORECLOSURE SHOULD BE AVAILABLE.
PREPARE 3-PH TRIP RELAY SHOULD BE RELEASED CONDITION.
NO BLOCKING SIGNAL TO AUTORECLOSURE RELAY.
POLE DISTURBANCE RELAY TIME SHOULD BE MORE THAN
TWICE OF DEAD TIME OF AUTO RECLOSURE.
CARRIER FAIL SIGNAL SHOULD NOT COME AT BOTH ENDS.
CARRIER SWITCH SHOULD BE IN SERVICE CONDITION.
SINGLE PHASE & ZONE-1 FAULT ONLY.
AUTO RECLOSURE OPERATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
TRIP MAIN CB SINGLE POLE.

TRIP TIE CB SINGLE POLE.
CLOSE MAIN CB AFTER DEAD TIME.
IF A/R SUCCESS FOR MAIN CB THEN AFTER SUPPLEMENTARY TIME
DELAY CLOSE TIE CB.(NORMALLY SUPPLEMENTARY TIME DELAY IS DEAD
TIME)
IF A/R UNSUCCESS THEN TRIP MAIN & TIE CBs.
IF MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION, THEN NO SUPPLEMENTARY DELAY TIME
FOR TIE A/R. IT WILL OPERATE ITs OWN DEAD TIME.
4.
5.
6.
7.
5.
6.
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE-1 & TWO / THREE PHASE FAULT
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE TIE CB GR-A 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
BLOCK MAIN CB AUTO RECLOSURE
BLOCK TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE
DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
CARRIER SEND
INITIATE MAIN CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE TIE CB GR-B 1-PH TRIP UNITS ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND
MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE-2 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT
CARRIER SIGNAL
RECEIVED
& ZONE-2 STARTER
IS PICKUP CONDITION
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP

DISPLAY
CARRIER SIGNAL
RECEIVED
& ZONE-2 STARTER
IS PICKUP CONDITION
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME)
DISPLAY
CARRIER SEND ( IF PUTT OR2 SCHEME SELECTED )

MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
ZONE- 3/4/5 & 1 / 2 / 3 PHASE FAULT
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE ALARM (ANNUNCIATION CAME)
DISPLAY
DISTANCE SCHEME TRIPPING OUTPUTS

TIE CB
MAIN CB
186 R
CO
CO
REL 521
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
ACTIVE
START
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TRIP
186 Y
186 Y
DISPLAY
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
186 B
186 B
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
286 R
CO
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
CO
286 R
REL 316
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
ACTIVE
START
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
TRIP
286 Y
286 Y
DISPLAY
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
286 B
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
186 R
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
286 B
TO TRIP COIL-1
TO TRIP COIL-2
MAIN LBB
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
RAICA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-2 CARRIER SEND TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
96 BB
BUSBAR RELAY
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES )

BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY3 AUTO RECLOSURE
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF TIE CB
DISPLAY
86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY
TIE LBB
INITIATION
86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB & TIE CB

86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-2 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1 (BAY1) &
LINE-2 (BAY 3)
BLOCK MAIN CB & TIE CB AUTO RECLOSURE

1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-2 PROTECTION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-1 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1(BAY1) &
LINE-2 (BAY3)
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP-1 CARRIER SEND TO BAY1 & BAY3 LINES


TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1 & BAY3)
BUS BAR PROTECTION

INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE.
REB 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB

TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB
DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING
TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER OF MAIN-1


INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE.
RED 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP

TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB
DISPLAY
FROM LBB/BFR TO BUS BAR TRIPPING


STUB PROTECTION
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
REL 521
ACTIVE
LINE /AT/F
ISOLATOR
OPENS
START
TRIP

DISPLAY
REL 316
ACTIVE
LINE /AT/F
ISOLATOR
OPENS
INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
START
TRIP
CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB

INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY


TEED PROTECTION
RADHA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
RADSB
ACTIVE
START
TRIP

DISPLAY


MAIN-1/ MAIN-2
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1
110% OF V
4 SECS FOR
FEEDER-1
5 SECS FOR
FEEDER-2
REL 521
ACTIVE
START
TRIP

DISPLAY
110% OF V
4 SECS FOR
FEEDER-1
5 SECS FOR
FEEDER-2
REL 316
ACTIVE
START
TRIP

INITIATE TIE CB 86-GR-a 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY



RXEG 21
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
120% OF V
20m SECS
DISPLAY

TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (MAIN-1 & MAIN-2)
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

RXEG 21
ACTIVE
1O% OF V
START
TRIP
DISPLAY
LINE EARTH SWITCH CLOSE PERMISSION ONLY.
CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES(TELEPROTECTION)

DETAI
PERMISSIVE TRIPPING
LS
CHAN
NEL-1
SEND
CHAN
NEL-2
SEND
CHAN
NEL-1
RECEI
DIRECT TRIPPING
MAIN-1 PROTECTION :
IT SENDS SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA
PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL1 AS A MAIN CHANNEL &
PLCC
PROTECTION
COUPLER
PANEL-2
AS
A
ALTERNATE
CHANNEL..
HERE CHANNEL-1 & CHANNEL-2 SIGNALS

ARE MAIN & ALTERNATE CHANNEL
1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN CB
REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE CB
REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 87 BUSBAR1 OPERATED.
MAIN-2 PROTECTION :
4. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + 87
IT SENDS SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA
BUSBAR-2 OPERATED
PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL(FOR HALF DIA ONLY).
2 AS A MAIN CHANNEL &
PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL- 6. TIE CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
1 AS A ALTERNATE CHANNEL.
7. 59L1 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1
OPERATED.
8. 59L2 OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-2
OPERATED.
9. 87 TEED-1 PROTECTION OPERATED
10. 87 TEED-2 PROTECTION OPERATED
MAIN-1 PROTECTION :
IT RECEIVES SIGNAL PARALLEL VIA
PLCC PROTECTION COUPLER PANEL1 AS A MAIN CHANNEL &
1. TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH

SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR MAIN CB.
2. TO 86-A MASTER TRIP RELAY (HIGH
SPEED TRIP RELAY) FOR TIE CB.
CARRIER TRIPPING SCHEMES(TELEPROTECTION)
21 M1 REL 521
REL531
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-1
MAIN CB 86-A
TIE CB 86-A
21 M2
REL 316
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-1
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-1
PT SEND
PT SEND
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
PT SEND
PT SEND
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
DT SEND
DT SEND
DT RECEIVE
DT RECEIVE
ONE END
REL531
OTHER END
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-2
CARRIER
PROTECTION
PANEL-2
PT SEND
PT SEND
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-1
MAIN CB 86-A
TIE CB 86-A
21 M2
REL 316
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
8
15
16
REC 316*4
PT SEND
PT SEND
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-2
PT RECEIVE
PT RECEIVE
DT SEND
DT SEND
MAIN CB 86-B
DT RECEIVE
DT RECEIVE
TIE CB 86-B
21 M1 REL 521
PT : PERMISSIVE PROTECTION TRANSFER TRIP

DT : DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP
DIRECT TRIP
SEND CH-2
MAIN CB 86-B
TIE CB 86-B
DIRECT TRANSFER TRIP

CHANNEL 1 / 2 RECEIVED
85 LO X1
ACTIVE
DIRECT TRIP
CHANNEL-1
RECEIVED
START
TRIP

DISPLAY
85 LO X2
ACTIVE
DIRECT TRIP
CHANNEL-2
RECEIVED.
START
TRIP

DISPLAY


MAIN CB
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-1

RECEIVED
SOTF PROTECTION
(INBUILT MAIN-1)
DEF,TOC, BOC, STUB
(INBUILT MAIN-1)
TEED-1 PROTECTION
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY

( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
DIRECT TRIP CHANNEL-2

RECEIVED
SOTF PROTECTION
( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
DEF, TOC, BOC, STUB
( IN BUILT MAIN-2 )
MAIN LBB OPERATED
TIE LBB OPERATED
TEED-2 PROTECTION
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL -2
TRIP COIL-2

(INBUILT MAIN-1)
TIE CB
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL -1
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED

TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
MASTER TRIP RELAYS

HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAYS
LOCKOUT RELAYS
PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING.
PUSH BUTTON FOR RESETTING.
TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY

BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
TO CLOSING INTERLOCK OF CONCERNED BAY CB

TO INITIATE LBB/BFR OF CONCERNED BAY
BLOCK AUTO RECLOSURE OF CONCERNED BAY
INITIATE FLAG RELAY (FLAG RELAY OPERATES)
(DIFFERENCIAL & REF / 3-PH HZ DIFF PROTECTION)
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
RADSB
87 T
(LZ)
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-A 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY

64 REF
OR
87 T
(HZ)
RADHD
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INITIATE 400KV MAIN CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE 400KV TIE CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
INITIATE 220KV TBC CB GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP 3-POLES )
DISPLAY

( BACKUP DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F PROTECTION FOR HV & LV)

RAPDK
67 HV
ABCN
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

RAPDK
67 LV
ABCN
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

( OVER FLUX PROTECTION FOR HV & LV)
RALK
99T HV
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

RATUB
99T LV
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

OVER VOLTAGE (LINE) AND OVER FLUX(TRANSFORMER )

PROTECTION TRIP SCHEME
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
O/V 1
O/V 2
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
ABB
RALK
O/F- HV
(BAY 2&3 / HV)
(BAY 1&2)
TRIP COIL-1
1-52CB
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-1
86-B
ABB
REL521
MTR/
MAIN-1
HSTR
TRIP COIL-1
2-52CB
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL-2
TRIP COIL-2
BUS-2
3-52CB
(BAY 1&2)
ABB
O/V 1
O/V 2
OVER VOLTAGE STAGE-1 & STAGE-2

ARE IN BUILT FUNCTIONS OF MAIN-1
& MAIN-2 NUMERICAL RELAYS. IF
EXTERNAL RELAYS ARE UTILISED
THEN STAGE-1 IS GR-A & STAGE-2 IS
GR-B TRIPPING IS TO UTILISED.
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
TRIP COIL-2
86-B
MTR/
HSTR
LV - CB
(BAY LV)
ABB
RATUB
O/F- LV
TRIP COIL-1
86-A
MTR/
HSTR
RXIG 21
51 O/L
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

RAEDK1
NDR
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
DISPLAY

MAIN LBB
INITIATION
INITIATE BUSBAR PROTECTION ( INTURN IT WILL TRIP CONNECTED BUS CBs)
86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY
96 BB
BUSBAR RELAY
RAICA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV MAIN CB
INTER TRIP TO 220KV LV TBC CB
DISPLAY

TIE LBB
INITIATION
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF
MAIN-1 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1(BAY1)
1-PH TRIP RELAYS OF

MAIN-2 PROTECTION
OF LINE-1 (BAY1)
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT (TRIP BAY1 CB 3-POLES )
RAICA
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
86-GR-B
MASTER TRIP RELAY
BLOCK MAIN CB OF BAY1 AUTO RECLOSURE

CLOSE INTERLOCK OF MAIN CB OF BAY1 & BAY 3
DISPLAY
86-GR-A
MASTER TRIP RELAY
INITIATE MAIN CB 86-GR-B 3-PH TRIP UNIT ( TRIP BAY3 CB 3-POLES )


TO DISTURBANCE RECORDER (BAY1)
MAIN CB
B/U O/C & E/F PROTN RLY

67 ABCN
INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE
ICT TROUBLES GR-A
PROTECTION TRIP
ICT HV OVER FLUX RELAY
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY

RELAY 64 REF/T
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
INTER TRIP FROM LV SIDE

ICT TROUBLES GR-B
PROTECTION TRIP
STUB RELAY 50ST
MAIN LBB OPERATED
TIE LBB OPERATED
ICT LV OVER FLUX RELAY
INTER TRIP FROM TBC LBB
& MANUAL TRIP OF 220KV
86-GB
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL -2
TRIP COIL-2
T/F DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

87 T
TIE CB
86-GA
MASTER
TRIP /
HIGH
SPEED
TRIP
RELAY
TRIP COIL-1
TRIP COIL -1
86-GA & 86 GB MASTER TRIP / HIGH SPEED

TRIP LOCKOUT RELAY OPERATION
AUTO TRANSFORMER INTER TRIP CIRCUITS

HV INTER TRIP CIRCUITS(TO LV)
FOR LV MASTER TRIP RELAY 86 GR-A
1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN
CB REMOTE HAND TRIP GIVEN.
2. MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE
3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96
BUSBAR-1 OPERATED.
BUSBAR-2 OPERATED
(FOR HALF DIA ONLY).
7.
FOR87
LV TEED-1
MASTERPROTECTION
TRIP RELAY 86 GR-B
OPERATED
1. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + MAIN
8. 87
PROTECTION
CB TEED-2
REMOTE
HAND TRIP GIVEN.
2. OPERATED.
MAIN CB OPEN CONDITION + TIE
3. TIE CB OPEN CONDITION + 96
BUSBAR-1 OPERATED.
BUSBAR-2 OPERATED
(FOR HALF DIA ONLY).
LV INTER TRIP CIRCUIT(TO HV)
FOR HV M-CB MASTER TRIP

RELAY 86 GR-A
1. LV CB REMOTE HAND TRIP
GIVEN.
2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2
(ISO SELECTION) OPERATED.
FOR HV M-CB MASTER TRIP
3. LV CB 50 LBB/BFR OPERATED.
RELAY 86 GR-B
GIVEN.
2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2
SELECTION)
FOR(ISO
HV T-CB
MASTEROPERATED.
TRIP RELAY
3. LV
CB
50
LBB/BFR
OPERATED.
86 GR-A
GIVEN.
2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2
(ISO SELECTION) OPERATED.
FOR
HV
T-CB
MASTER OPERATED.
TRIP RELAY
3. LV
CB
50 LBB/BFR
86 GR-B
GIVEN.
2. LV 87 BB(96) BUSBAR-1/2
TRANSFORMER TROUBLES TRIPPING

GR-A
86 AX
OIL TEMP TRIP
TO 3PH GR-A 400KV MAIN CB

TO 3PH GR-A 400KV TIE CB
DIFF RELAY 87T
TO 3PH GR-A 220KV MAIN CB
BUCHHOLZ TRIP
TO 3PH GR-A 220KV TBC CB
OL RELAY 51OL
PRD-1 TRIP
HV O/L+E/F PROT 67
PRD-2 TRIP
NDR RELAY 151N
HV O/F RELAY 99T
86 AY
TRANSFORMER TROUBLES TRIPPING

GR-B
86 BX
OLTC BUCHHOLZ-R TRIP
TO 3PH GR-B 400KV MAIN CB

TO 3PH GR-B 400KV TIE CB
OLTC BUCHHOLZ-Y TRIP
REF RELAY 64REF
TO 3PH GR-B 220KV MAIN CB

TO 3PH GR-B 220KV TBC CB
OLTC BUCHHOLZ B TRIP
WNDG TEMP-HV TRIP
WNDG TEMP-LV TRIP
WNDG TEMP-IV TRIP
STUB RELAY 50ST
LV O/L+E/F PROT 67
LV O/F RELAY 99T
86 BY
TRIP COIL-1 CIRCUITS

TRIP COIL-1
186R1
186Y1
186B1
186R2
186Y2
186B2
286R1
286Y1
286B1
286R2
286Y2
286B2
186R1, 186R2, 186Y1, 186Y2, 186B1, 186B2

ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-A. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
286R1, 286R2, 286Y1, 286Y2, 286B1, 286B2
ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-B. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
THE BELOW ARE HAND RESETING.
86GR-A, 86GR-B ARE 3-PH TRIP UNITS.
96 BB IS BUSBAR TRIPPING RELAY
86GR-A
86GR-B
96BB
TRIP COIL 2 CIRCUITS

TRIP COIL-2
186R1
186Y1
186B1
186R2
186Y2
186B2
286R1
286Y1
286B1
286R2
286Y2
286B2
186R1, 186R2, 186Y1, 186Y2, 186B1, 186B2

ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-A. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
286R1, 286R2, 286Y1, 286Y2, 286B1, 286B2
ARE CB 1-PH TRIP UNIT OF GR-B. THESE
ARE SELF RESETING.
THE BELOW ARE HAND RESETING.
86GR-A, 86GR-B ARE 3-PH TRIP UNITS.
96 BB IS BUSBAR TRIPPING RELAY
86GR-A
86GR-B
96BB
ISOLATOR
INTERLOCK
S
S.N
O
ISOLATOR
OPEN/CLO
SE
EQUIPME
NT-1
EQUIPMENT EQUIPME
-2
NT-3
EQUIPMEN
T-4
INTERLOCKS REQUIRED FOR CONCERNED

ISOLATOR / EARTH SWITCH OPEN OR CLOSE
BAY - 1
NOTE: All Earth Switches

in the Bay are towards
Circuit Breaker side only.
The Line and Transformer
Earth Switches are towards
Line & Transformer.
O: OPEN
C: CLOSE
A: ACTED
BB189E : BUSBAR-1
EARTH SWITCH .
BB289E : BUSBAR2EARTH SWITCH .
UV RELAY: UNDER
189
IS
O
BB189 O
E
1
89 E
ES
189 A
1
89 A
IS
O
189
AE
1
89
AE
ES
189 A
1
89 L
IS
O
189 LE O
1
89 LE
ES
189 L
189 AE
O 189 E
152
CB
189
--
--
189 E
152
CB
--
189
--
--
152 CB
252
CB
--
UV
RELAY
--
--
BAY - 2
7
2
89 A
IS
O
289
BE
289 AE
252
CB
--
2
89
AE
ES
289 B
289 A
--
--
BB189E
1-89AE
1-89E
1-52CB
1-52CB
1-89AE
1-89E
1-52CB
1-89LE
2-52CB
1-89
1-89A
1-89
1-89A
1-89L
U/V RLY
ISOLATOR & CB INTERLOCKS
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
&
OPERATION
1-89
1-89E
OPEN
1-89AE
OPEN
2-89AE
OPEN
OPEN
&
OPERATION
1-89A
3-89E
3-89AE
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
2-89BE
&
OPERATION
86GR-A
1-89L
86GR-B
96BB
OPEN
OPEN
&
&
86GR-A
OPERATION
1-89AE
86GR-A
86GR-B
OPEN
ACTED
1-89E
86GR-B
OPEN
OPEN
OPERATION
&
OPERATION
1-89LE
96BB
2-89A
2-52CB
2-89AE
2-89BE
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
2-89B
&
OPERATION
2-89A
2-89A
2-89B
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
CLOSE
RESET
RESET
RESET
RESET
RESET
RESET
RESET
RESET
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
LOCAL
CLOSE
& 1-52CB
3-89
OPERATION
&
OPEN
LOCAL
CLOSE
& 2-52CB
OPEN
3-89A
OPERATION
LOCAL
CLOSE
&
& 3-52CB
REMOTE
CLOSE
& 1-52CB
REMOTE
CLOSE
& 2-52CB
REMOTE
CLOSE
& 3-52CB
3-89T
OPERATION
& 2-89BE
OPEN
OPEN
&
3-89E
3-89AE
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPERATION
2-52CB
2-89AE
2-89BE
&
&
&
3-89AE
3-89E
3-52CB
3-52CB
3-89AE
3-89E
3-52CB
3-89TE
OPEN
OPEN
OPERATION
OPERATION
OPEN
OPEN
3-89TE
& 2-89AE
OPEN
BB289E
2-52CB
LV89E2
OPEN
OPEN
3-89
3-89A
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
3-89
3-89A
3-89T
LV89T
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
&
OPERATION
2-89B
CLOSING INTERLOCK OF MAIN & TIE CB

96 BB
86 GR-A
86 GR-B
+ VE
T N C
CB REMOTE CLOSE
MAIN CB
21M1 AR
21M2 AR
86 GR-A
86 GR-B
+ VE
T N C
TIE
AR
TIE CB
CB REMOTE CLOSE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
ADVANTAGES:
THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A FULL DIA ARE ALWAYS IN CLOSED POSITION.

IF MAIN CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD
THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM TIE CB & OTHER BUS . NEED NOT REQUIRE
TRANSFER THE FEEDER.
IF TIE CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD
THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM MAIN CB & CONNECTED BUS.
EVEN IF BOTH MAIN BREAKERS UNDER TROUBLE, DURING THAT PERIOD ONE
FEEDER WORKS AS INCOMING AND OTHER FEEDER WORKS AS OUTGOING VIA
TIE CB. (WITHOUT INTERUPTION TO FEEDERS)
IF BUSBAR-1 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN
BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-1 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE
FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-1 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-2.
IF BUSBAR-2 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN
BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-2 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE
FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-2 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-1.
IN THIS BUSBAR PROTECTION IS SIMPLE AND NEED NOT REQUIRE SELECTION OF
ISOLATOR.
IT IS MORE RELIABLE SYSTEM FOR OPERATION & MAINTANENCE POINT OF
VIEW.
DISADVANTAGES
CT CONNECTIONS & PROTECTION

TRIP LOGICS ARE SOME WHAT
COMPLICATED. COMPLEX CONTROL & PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY
COST TOWARDS CTs, CIRCUIT BREAKERS & PANELS ARE TO BE INCREASED DUE
TO EXTRA BAY. THE COST COMPARISION TABLE SHOWN IN NEXT PRESENTATION.
THE OPERATIONS FOR OPERATOR POINT OF VIEW IS LITTLE BIT COMPLICATED
WHEN COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM.
SPACE OCUPATION FOR BAY IS MORE i.e COST OF LAND IS INCREASE.
COST COMPARISION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM

& ONE AND HALF BREAKER SYSTEM FOR FEEDER
S.
No
EQUIPMENT
CONVEN
TIONAL
SYSTEM
1.
CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
1 No
CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS
2.
3.
4.
3 CT METHOD
%
%
HALF
FULL DIA INCREA
INCREA
DIA
(FOR 2
SE
SE
(FOR 1
FEEDERS)
IN
IN
FEEDER)
COST
COST
3 Nos
50%
2 Nos
100%
INCLUDES THE COST OF CT MARSHELLING BOXES.

3 Sets
50%
2 Sets
100%
4 Sets
100%
2 Sets
100%
5 CT METHOD
5 Sets
125%
3 Sets
200%
6 CT METHOD
6 Sets
200%
3 Sets
200%
3 SETS
30%
2 SETS
30%
4 CT METHOD
CONTROL &
RELAY PANELS
BAY
MARSHALLING
1 Set
I SET
NORMALLY EXTRA PANEL IS TIE BAY PANEL. IT IS ARROUND 30% COST OF MAIN
PANEL. BECAUSE IT IS NOT HAVING PROTECTION RELAYS( M-1 & M-2 AND OTHER
RELAYS) . ONLY TIE CB TRIPPING RELAYS & ASSOCIATED RELAYS(A/R +LBB).
1 No
3 Nos
50%
2 Nos
30%
OTHER
INFORMATION
REGARDING
RELAYS AND
TESTING
EQUIPMENT
PREPARED BY
ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
ABB RELAYS
REL 521
REL 316*4
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
C
E
EE
ABB Relays
REL 512
c
E
ALSTOM RELAYS
P445
P443
P437
E-PAC
P442
GE MULTILIN
RELAYS
SIEMENS
RELAYS
SEL RELAYS
ENABLED
TARGET
RESET
TRIP
IA =250.10 A
IB =250.10 A
IC =250.10 A
VAB =400.0 KV
VBC =400.0 KV
VCA =400.0 KV
ESC
ENT
INST TIME COMM SOTF
INST
PH - A
TIME
PH - B
COMM PH - C
SOTF
GND
ZONE 1 50
ZONE 2 51
ZONE 3 79 RESET
ZONE 4 79 LOCKOUT
2ENABLED
3
ZONE
TRIP
EN
FAULT TYPE
TARGET TARGET FAULT SET

RESET NO /
YES /
CANCELSELECT
51
COMM
ENABLED
RECLOSE
ENABLED
ALT
SETTINGS
CB
CLOSED
RELAY
TEST
CB
OPEN
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
50
O/C
METER STATUS OTHER GROUP

EXIT
MC
ENABLED
SEL- 321- 5 - 2
TARGET
RESET
TRIP
SPT
ENABLED
SEL
SEL- 421
PROTECTION
AUTOMATION
CONTROL
SEL
VA TECH REYROLLE RELAYS
NXT PHASE RELAYS
RELAY HARDWARE
16 / 32 BIT
PC
MODEM
IRIG-B
RE/CC
NORMALLY
400KV
RELAYS
SUPPLIED
WITH
CONFIGUARATION/HARDWARE
1. MIN 4Nos MAX 8Nos COMMAND/TRIP OUTPUTS
2. MIN 24Nos SIGNAL OUTPUTS
3. MIN 14 LED INDICATIONS
4. MIN 24 BINARY INPUTS
FOLLOWING
RELAY SIGNAL DATA FLOW
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE NUMERICAL DISTANCE RELAYS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
4 TO 6 SETTING IMPEDENCE ZONES WITH 4 TO 6 SETTING GROUPS (21 + 21N).

DIR / INST / TIME OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT FUNCTION( 50 / 51 / 67 P+G).
EIGHT COMMUNICATION SCHEMES.
SWITCH ON TO FAULT PROTECTION(21 SOTF).
PHASE SELECTION(R,Y,B).
POWER SWING BLOCKING(PSB)(68 + 68T).
FUSE FAILURE SUPERVISION(PT FFR).
AUTO RECLOSER WITH CHECK SYNCHRNISATION & VOLTAGE CHECK(79 + 25 +86).
WEEK END INFEED LOGIC(27 WI).
SYSTEM SUPERVISION.
STUB PROTECTION(STUB).
OVER VOLTAGE/ UNDER VOLTAGE FUNCTION(27+ 59).
LBB/BFR FUNCTION(50 BF).
DISTANCE TO FAULT LOCATOR(21 FL).(SHOWS IN 1. %, 2. KM 3. MILES & 4. R+JX )
16 PROGRAMABLE SIGNALLING RELAYS WITH LEDs.
RECORDABLE 10Nos LATEST DISTRUBANCES WITH BASIC EVALUATION DISTURBANCE
RECORDER.
EVENT RECORDER RELATED TO RELAY EVENTS.
PRE-FAULT, FAULT & POST-FAULT VALUES OF ANALOG POINTS WITH IMPEDENCE
DETAILS.
USER CAN BE CONFIGUARED PROGRAMABLE LOGIC FUNCTIONS.
TELE / CARRIER INTER TRIPPING SCHEMES(85 +21)(PUTT, POTT).
TRIP CIRCUIT MONITORING(74 TC).
METERING FUNCTION (INSTANTANEOUS VALUES DISPLAY FUNCTION).
4 QUADRANT ENERGY METER FUNCTION (KWH,KVAH,KVARH)(KYZ PULSE OUTPUT).
MINIMUM 8 COMMOND/ TRIP RELAYS, 24 SIGNAL RELAYS
MINIMUM 20 BINARY INPUTS, 14 LEDs
DISTANCE RELAYS CHARACTERESTICS

( MHO CIRCULAR )

( QUADRILATERAL-1 )

( QUADRILATERAL-2 )

( BULLET )

( TRIANGLER )

( LENS / OPTICAL )

( TOMATO )
TRANSFORMER( M & B ) OF DIFFERENT

TRANSMISSION
LINE PROTECTION
T/F PROTECTION
MANUFACTURERS
MANUFAC
TURERS
MAIN-1
ABB
REL 521
REL 670
MICOM
P443/P44
AREVA
4/
(ALSTOM)
P442/P44
5
CURV
ES
MAIN-2
QUAD
REL 316
REL 512
QUAD/
MHO
MICOM
P437
E-PAC
3000,
OPTIMHO
SIEMENS
SIPROTE
( SIPROTE
C
7SA62/3
C)
QUAD/
MHO
SEL
SEL 421
QUAD/
MHO
GE
MULTILIN
D-60,
ALPS
QUAD/
MHO
SIPROTEC
7SA522
SEL 321
SEL 311C
L-60/L-90
D-30
CURV
ES
DIFFEREN
TIAL
DIR
O/L,E/F
QUAD/
RET 521 /
670
RET 316
REL 505
REX 521
QUAD/
MHO
MICOM
P633
KBCH/
MBCH
MICOM
P141
MICOM
P127
BULLET
QUAD/
MHO
7SJ
7UT 613/
62/3/4/5
2
7UT
7SJ
513/ 2
52/3/4/5
QUAD/
MHO
SEL 387
SEL 351
QUAD/
MHO
T-35 / T-60
SR 7465
F-60
SR
750/60
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. PROGRAMA_GE (MODEL: FREEJA-300)
3. OMICRON (MODEL: CMC 256-6)
2. MANTA TEST SYSTEMS (MODEL: MTS 4000)

4. DOBLE ( MODEL: F 6150)
RELAY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

1. MEEGER_AVO (MODEL: MPRT 8430)
3. KOCOS (MODEL: ARTES 440 II)
2. RES (MODEL: APTS 3)

4. EURO SMC ( MODEL: TRES)
400KV SUBSTATIONS IN APTRANSCO

S.N
o
400KV SUBSTATION
FEEDERS
CAPAC
ITY
1. SRISAILAM 1&2
2. GHANAPUR (PGCIL)
3. KHAMMAM 1&2(PGCIL)
4. YEDDUMAILARAM 1&2**
MAMIDIPALLY (HYDERABAD)
(2 +
1**) X
315
MVA
1. SRISAILAM
2. GHANAPUR (PGCIL)
3. GOOTY (PGCIL)
4. NARASARAOPETA**
NURNOOR (KURNOOL)
(2 +
1**) X
315
MVA
KALAPAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM)
2 X 315
MVA
1. SIMHADRI 1,2,3&4 (NTPC)

2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL)
3. KHAMMAM 1&2 (PGCIL)

4. VEMAGIRI 1&2
VEMAGIRI (RAJHAMUNDRY)
2 X 315
MVA
1. KALAPAKA 1&2
2. GAJUWAKA 1&2 (PGCIL)*
3. NUNNA 1&2 (PGCIL)*
4. GUNTUR 1&2*
5. GVK EXTN 1&2 (IPP)

6. GOWTHAMI 1&2 (IPP)
7. KONASEEMA 1&2 (IPP)
8. GMR VASAVI 1&2 (IPP)
1. TALLAPALLY
2. RAICHUR
VELTUR (MB NAGAR)
(1 +
2**) X
315
MVA
1. CHENNAI RED HILLS
2. KADAPA
6.
CHITTOR(VEPANJIR)
(1 +
1**) X
315
MVA
7.
NELLORE(MANUBOLU)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2 X 315
MVA
400KV SUBSTATIONS OF PGCIL IN AP

S.N
o
400KV SUBSTATION
FEEDERS
CAPACI
TY
1. GHANAPUR 1&2
2. GAJWEL(GHNP3)
3. MALKARAM(GHNP4)
4. TALLAPALLY 1&2
5. DICHPALLY*
6. KHAMMAM (WRNGL)
7. CHANDRAPUR 1&2
RAMAGUNDAM(NTPC)
2 X 200
MVA 2 X
250
MVA
1 X 315
MVA
GHANAPUR (HYDERABAD)
3 X 315
MVA
1. RAMAGUNDAM 1&2
2. MAMIDIPALLY
3. GAJWEL(RMGNDM3)
4. NAGARJUNA SAGAR
5. KURNOOL
6. MALKARAM(RMGNDM4)
1. NUNNA
2. KALAPAKA1&2
3. VEMAGIRI 1&2
4. JAIPUR(HVDC)
GAJUWAKA (VISHAKHAPATNAM)
(1 +
1*) X
315
MVA
4.
NUNNA (VIJAYAWADA)
(1 +
1*) X
315
MVA
1. GAJUWAKA
2. SRISAILAM 1&2(NRSPT)
3. VEMAGIRI 1&2
4. VEMAGIRI 3&4(VTPS)
5. KHAMMAM
6. NELLORE 1&2
5.
TALLAPALLY
(NAGARJUNA SAGAR)
3 X 315
MVA
1. RAMAGUNDAM 1&2
2. GHANAPUR
3. MAHABOOBNAGAR
4. GOOTY
5. CHINAKAMPALLY 1&2
1. RAMAGUNDAM (WRGL)
2. NUNNA
4. MAMIDIPALLY 1&2
5. KALAPAKA 1&2
1.
2.
3.
6.
BUDIDAMPADU (KHAMMAM)
(1 +
1*) X
315
MVA
400KV NETWORK IN AP
GUNTUR
NELLORE
ALAMETHI
/ CHENNAI
NKRKL
SRISAILAM
KURNOOL
CHITTOR
GOOTY
RAICHUR
MAMIDIPALLY
CHINAKAMPALLY
CHENNAI
KHAMMAM
CHANDRAPUR
(MAHARASTRA)
KOLAR
VTPS
YEDDUMAILARAM
NUNNA
GHANAPUR
BANGALORE
IPP2
VEMAGIRI
MBNGR
IPP1
TALLAPALLY
BANGALORE
IPP4
DICHPALLY
MALKARAM
IPP3
BTPS
GAJWEL
KALAPAKA
WARANGAL
HVDC
JAIPUR
RAMAGUNDAM
SIMHADRI
GAJUWAKA
VEMAGIRI SUBSTATION DISPLAY

NUNN
AI
(PGCIL
)
NUNN GAJUWA GAJUWAK

A II
KA I
A II
(PGCIL (PGCIL) (PGCIL)
)
315MVA,
315MVA,
400/220KV 400/220KV
AUTO
AUTO
TRANSFOR TRANSFOR
MER-II
MER-I
GUNTUR GUNTUR
I
II
KALAPA KALAPAK GOWTH GOWTHA FUTURE FUTURE

KA I
A II
AMI I
MI II
I
II
PHES
PHES
GVK
VPGCL VPGCL KOPCL KOPCL
I
II
EXT I
I
II
GMR
GMR KONASE KONASEE
MA
VASAVI VASAVI EMA
GVK EXT
II
DISPLAY

400kv Protection

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400kv Protection

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400KV PROTECTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

1. IN THIS TWO BUSES ARE PRIOVIDED.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

2. THESE TWO BUSES ARE INTER-CONNECTED BY THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

3. THEY ARE DESIGNATED AS 1-52 CB, 2-52 CB, 3-52 CB.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

4. LINE - 1 IS CONNECTED IN BETWEEN 1-52 CB & 2-52 CB.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

6. LINE-1 HAVING TWO FEEDING PATHS i.e

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

8. FOR INTURUPTING LINE-1 THE 1-52CB AND 2-52CB IS TO BE TRIPPED.

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

11. NORMALLY IN ALL TYPES OF BUSBAR CONFIGUARATIONS ONE BREAKER

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

17. IN THIS SYSTEM FULL DIA MEANS 2 FEEDERS CONTROLLED BY 3 CBs.

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU

MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM

WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 220KV SYSTEM

TRANSFER BUS COUPLER

DIFFERENT CT METHODS OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

TYPICAL ONE & HALF BREAKER

2CTs SECONDARIES ARE

2CTs SECONDARIES ARE

METERING & ENERGY METER FOR

METERING & ENERGY METER