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Álgebra Linear II - PSub - 2005
Álgebra Linear II - PSub - 2005
Como B uma base do R 3 ento {T(0,0,1), T(0,1,1), T(-2,1,0)} gera a Im(T), mas
T(0,0,1) = (-1,1,-1), T(0,1,1) = (0,0,0), T(-2,1,0) = (2,-1,0) e {(-1,1,-1), (2,-1,0)} L.I. logo
(b) {(-1,1,-1), (2,-1,0)} uma base da Im(T) e dim Im(T) = 2.
(a) Pelo Teorema do Ncleo e da Imagem, dim ker(T) = 3 2 = 1, logo {(0,1,1)} uma
base do ker(T) e da dim ker(T)=1.
(c)
Como
ento
2 1 1
simtrico.
0
A matriz associada ao sistema acima A = 0
0
1
0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 .
0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
V (1)
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0 x 0
x + t = 0
0 0 0 y 0
z + w = 0
x= z=t =w
1 0 1 z = 0
z t = 0
1 1 0 t 0
x w = 0
0 0 1
w 0
0
0
0
0 0 1 0 x 0 x + t = 0
2 0 0 0 y 0 2 y = 0
0 1 0 1 z = 0 z + w = 0 x = w, y = 0, z = w,t = w
0 1 1 0 t 0 z + t = 0
w 0 x + w = 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 x 0 ix + t = 0
i 0
0 1 i 0 0 0 y 0 (1 i ) y = 0
0
0 i 0 1 z = 0 iz + w = 0 x = it , y = 0, z = it , w = t
0
1 i 0 t 0 z it = 0
0
w 0 x iw = 0
0
0 0 i
1
Assim (x,y,z,t,w)=t(-i,0,i,-1,1) , logo V (i ) = [(-i,0,i,-1,1)] .
Seja B = {(0,1,0,0,0),(1,0,1,1,1),( 1,0, 1,1,1),(0,0,0, 1,1),(1,0, 1,0,0)} , ento
1
0
[T ]B = 0
0
0
0 0
1 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
1 0
y1
y2
Seja Y = y3 , ento a soluo do sistema Y ' = [T ]B Y dada por:
y4
y
5
y1 (t ) = c1et
t
y2 (t ) = c2e
t
y3 (t ) = c3e
y (t ) = c cos(t ) c sen(t )
4
5
4
y5 (t ) = c4 sen(t ) + c5 cos(t ),
onde c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 , c5 R .
0
1
Sabemos que X = MY , onde M = 0
0
0
1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 . Portanto
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
t
x2 (t ) = c1e
t
t
x3 (t ) = c2e c3e c4 sen(t ) c5 cos(t )
t
t
x4 (t ) = c2e + c3e c4 cos(t ) + c5 sen(t )
x (t ) = c et + c e t + c cos(t ) c sen(t )
2
3
4
5
5
Como x1 (0) = x2 (0) = x3 (0) = x4 (0) = x5 (0) = 1 , ento
1 = c2 c3 + c5
1 = c1
1 = c2 c3 c5 c1 = 1, c4 = 0 = c5 , c2 = 1, c3 = 0
1 = c + c c
2
3
4
1 = c2 + c3 + c4 ,
Assim x1 (t ) = x2 (t ) = x3 (t ) = x4 (t ) = x5 (t ) = et .