DEVELOPMENTAL

PSYCHOLOGY

WHAT IS DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY?
THE BRANCH OF PSYCHOLOGY

THAT
DESCRIBES,EXPLAINS,PREDICTS,
AND SOMETIMES AIMS TO
MODIFY AGE RELATED BEHAVIOR
FROM CONCEPTION TO DEATH.

QUALITATIVE CHANGE- OCCURS IN THE

PERSON'S NATURE OF FUNCTIONING LIKE
ACHIEVING EFFICIENCY AND ACCURACY IN
PERFORMANCE.
QUANTITATIVE CHANGE- IT INVOLVES CHANGES
IN THE SIZE OF CHEST,CIRCUMFERENCE OF
THE HEAD,LENGTH OF THE ARMS AND FEET.

KEY CONCEPTS IN DEVELOPMENTAL

PSYCHOLOGY
MATURATION-REFERS TO CHANGES IN

DEVELOPMENT THAT RESULT FROM

AUTOMATIC,GENETICALLY DETERMINED
SIGNALS.
CONCEPTION-THE FERTILIZATION OF THE

FEMALE OVUM OR EGG BY THE MALE SPERM.

CHROMOSOMES-THREADLIKE STRAND OF
DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
MOLECULES THAT CARRY GENETIC
INFORMATION.

GENES- A SEGMENT OF DNA THAT

OCCUPIES A SPECIFIC PLACE ON A
PARTICULAR CHROMOSOMES.

NATURE VS NURTURE ISSUE

DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE OF
NATURE VS NURTURE ISSUE
NATURE

NURTURIST

-ACCORDING TO THE

-ACCORDING TO NATURIST,GROWTH
TENDENCIES ARE INBORN.

NURTURIST,THE PRIMARY
DETERMINANTS OF DEVELOPMENT
ARE LEARNING AND INTERACTION
WITH ENVIRONMENT.

WHICH POSITION IS MORE

CORRECT?
-TODAY ,HOWEVER,MOST PSYCHOLOGIST

SUPPORTS AN INTERACTIONIST
MODEL,WHICH SEES BOTH INBORN, GENETIC
PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
CONTRIBUTE TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

STAGES OF PRE NATAL

DEVELOPMENT
GERMINAL STAGE- THE FIRST STAGE OF

PREGNANCY (CONCEPTION-2
WKS)CHARACTERIZED BY RAPID CELL
DIVISION.

EMBRYONIC STAGE- THE SECOND STAGE OF

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT (FROM UTERINE
IMPLANTATION TO THE 8 WK),CHARACTERIZED
BY MAJOR BODY ORGAN AND SYSTEM.

TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT OCCURING

DURING THE EMBRYONIC STAGE
CEPHALOCAUDAL DEVELOPMENT- A

GENERAL PATTERN OF PHYSICAL GROWTH IN

WHICH DEVELOPMENT OCCURS FIRST IN THE
REGION OF THE HEAD AND LATER IN THE
LOWER REGION.
PROXIMODISDAL DEVELOPMENT- A

GENERAL PATTERN OF PHYSICAL GROWTH IN

WHICH DEVELOPMENT STARTS AT THE
CENTER OF THE BODY AND MOVES TOWARD
THE EXTREMITIES.

FETAL STAGE- THE THIRD AND FINAL STAGE

OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT (8 WKSBIRTH),CHARACTERIZED BY WEIGHT GAIN IN
THE FETUS AND THE FINE DETAILING OF BODY
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS.

TYPES OF TWINS
MONOZYGOTIC TWINS
DYZYGOTIC TWINS

SEX DETERMINATION
MALE

FEMALE

SEX CHROMOSOMES-XY

SEX CHROMOSOMES-XX

GENETIC ABNORMALITIES

TURNER'S SYNDROME
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS

HAVING ONLY45

TOTAL NUMBER OF
CHROMOSOMES.
UNDEVELOPED
OVARIES
AMMENORHEA
UNDEVELOPED
BREAST
INFERTLITY
WEBBEDNECK

MISSING X SEX
CHROMOSOMES

POLY X SYNDROME
HAVING AN EXCESS X SEX CHROMOSOMES
DELAYED DEVELOPMENT
LOW IQ

KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS

HAVING AN EXCESS X SEX CHROMOSOMES

UNDEVELOPED TESTES

INFERTILITY

DEVELOPED BREAST

LOW SEX DRIVE/ENERGY

PHOTO

SUPERMALE SYNDROME
HAVING AN EXTRA Y SEX CHROMOSOMES
SEVERE CASE OF ACNE DURING ADOLESENCE
BELOW AVERAGE IQ
TALLER THAN NORMAL MALES
AGGRESSIVE

DOWN'S SYNDROME
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS

HAVING AN EXTRA 21ST CHROMOSOME

CONGENITAL EYES, EARS AND HEART DEFECT.

SHORT STUBBY LIMBS

SLOPPING FOREHEAD

PROTRUDING TONGUE

SINGLE PALMAR CREASE

ORIENTAL IN APPEARNCE

PHOTO

EDWARD'S SYNDROME
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

MICROSTOMIA

SHORT PALPEBRAL FISSURE

MALFORMED EARS,ELONGATED SKULL,

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

CLENCHED HANDS

CRYPTORCHIDISM

PHOTO

PATAU'S SYNDROME
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

DEVELOPED ONLY ONE EYE.

DEFECT OF EYE,NOSE,LIPS,EARS,
AND FOREBRAIN

HYPERCONVEX

PHOTO

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

INFANCY
EXTENDS FROM BIRTH AND THE LATTER PART OF

THIRD YEAR.
DURING THE FIRST WEEKS, THE BABYS CAPACITY
FOR SENSORY DISCRIMINATION IS LESS PATTERNED
AND SENSATION SUCH AS VISION AND AUDITION
,ARE NOT YET DEVELOPED,EXCEPT THE SENSE OF
SMELL,TASTE,ORGANIC AND SKIN SENSITIVITIES.
MOST OF THE INFANTS BEHAVIOR ARE REFLEXIVE
IN NATURE.
NEONATAL TASK OF LEARNING ARE LIMITED TO
RESPIRATION,DIGESTION AND ELIMINATION.

BABYHOOD
THERE IS A RAPID GROWTH PHYSICALLY

MARKED BY THE CHANGES IN BODY

PROPORTION.
CAN DO CRAWLING AND CREEPING
MOVEMENT; ROLL SIDE TO SIDE AND OVER;LIE
ON HIS BACK AND SIT WITH SUPPORT AND
LATER WITHOUT SUPPORT,AND EVENTUALLY
LEARN TO WALK.
BASIC LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT(CRYING,SIMPLE
VOCALIZATION,BABBLING, OR SYLLABICATION.

EARLY CHILDHOOD
EXTENDS FROM 2-6 YEARS OLD.
TROUBLESOME AGE WHERE BEHAVIOR

DOMINATES BECAUSE YOUNG CHILDREN ARE

DEVELOPING DISTINCTIVE PERSONALITIES AND ARE
DEMANDING INDEPENDENCE WHICH THEY USUALLY
CANT HANDLE SUCCESSFULLY.
TOY AGE WHERE YOUNG CHILDREN SPEND TOO
MUCH OF THEIR WAKING TIME PLAYING WITH TOYS.
PRE GANG THE TIME WHEN CHILDREN ARE
LEARNING THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
AS A PREPARATION FOR A MORE HIGHLY ORGANIZED
SOCIAL LIFE.

"PRESCHOOL AGE" THE TIME BEFORE THE CHILD

ENTERS FORMAL EDUCATION AND STILL FREE FROM
PRESSURES AND EXPECTATIONS THAT FORMAL
EDUCATION GIVES.
"EXPLORATORY AGE" WHICH IMPLIES THAT CHILDREN
WANT TO KNOW WHAT THEIR ENVIRONMENT IS,HOW IT
WORKS,HOW IT FEELS,HOW THEY CAN BE PART OF IT.
"QUESTION AGE" THE CHILDREN 'S WAY OF EXPLORING
BY ASKING QUESTIONS WHICH AT TIMES ARE ENDLESS.

LATE CHILDHOOD
EXTEND FROM 6-12 YRS OF AGE.
PROBLEM AGE FOR PARENTS, WHEN CHILDREN NO

LONGER DO WHAT THEY ARE TOLD TO DO SO SINCE

THEY ARE MORE INFLUENCED BY THEIR PEERS THAN
BY THEM AND THEIR FANILY MEMBERS.
QUARRELSOME AGE WHEN SIBLING FIGHTS ARE
COMMON.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AGE
GANG-AGE CHILDRENS MAJOR CONCERN IS
ACCEPTANCE BY THEIR AGEMATE AND THEIR
MEMBERSHIP IN A GANG.
AGE OF COMFORMITY

ADOLESCENCE
EARLY ADOLESCENCE WHICH EXTENDS TO 17

YRS OF AGE IS USUALLY REFFERED TO AS THE

TEENAGE PERIOD.
AN IMPORTANT PERIOD WHEN BOTH THE
IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM PHYSICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT ARE IMPORTANT.
TRANSITION PERIOD
EXTERNALLY,RAPID GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT IN PHYSICAL ASPECT ARE
CHARACTERISTIC OF ADOLESCENCE.

EARLY ADULTHOOD
IT COVERS FROM AGE 18-40 YEARS OF AGE.
SETTLING DOWN AGE WHERE BOYS AND

GIRLS ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITIES OF ADULT

LIFE.
REPRODUCTIVE AGE WHEN PARENTHOOD IS
THE MOST IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE LIVES OF
MOST YOUNG ADULT.
PROBLEM AND EMOTIONAL TENSION AGE
WHEN PROBLEMS RELATED TO ADJUSTMENT
TO DIFFERENT MAJOR AREAS OF ADULT LIFE
(MARRIAGE,PARENTHOOD AND JOB) ARE AT
HAND.

"PERIOD OF SOCIAL ISOLATION" WHEN

RESPONSIBILITIES AT HOME OR AT WORK ISOLATE
THEM FROM THEIR FORMER PEER GROUPS.
"TIME OF COMMITMENT" WHEN THEY ESTABLISH NEW
PATTERN OF LIVING AND ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITIES.
"PERIOD OF DEPENDENCY" WHEN THEY FULFILL THEIR
GOALS AND DREAMS BY SOLICITING HELP FROM
SIGNIFICANT OTHERS TO FINANCE THEIR NEEDS.
"TIME OF VALUE CHANGE" THE CAUSE OF WHICH IS
THE BROADENED SOCIAL CONTACTS THEY HAVE WITH
DIFFERENT AGES AND THE EXPERIENCES THAT GO
WITH IT.

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
IT EXTENDS FROM AGE 40-60.
DREADED PERIOD DUE TP PHYSICAL AND

MENTAL DETERIORATION.
TIME OF STRESS WHEN A NUMBER OF
MAJOR ADJUSTMENT MUST BE MADE IN THE
HOME ,BUSINESS AND SOCIAL ASPECT OF
THEIR LIVES.
DANGEROUS AGE WHEN MEN PROVE ONES
VIRILITY OR A TIME WHEN INDIVIDUAL BREAK
DOWN PHYSICALLY DUE TO OVERWORK,TOO
MUCH WORRY AND CARELESS LIVING.

" TIME OF ACHIEVEMENT" THEY BECOME MORE

AND MORE SUCCESSFUL OR MAY STANDSTILL
AND DO NOTHING.
"TIME OF EVALUATION" THEY WILL LOOK BACK
AND REFLECT THEIR ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN
THE LIGHT OF THEIR EARLIER ASPIRATIONS
AND THE EXPECTATIONS OF OTHERS.
" A TIME OF EMPTY NEST"

OLD AGE
EXTENDS FROM AGE 60-70.
PERIOD OF DECLINEWHERE PHYSICAL AND

MENTAL PROCESSES SLOW DOWN

CHANGES IN RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES.
THE PHYSICAL HAZARDS THAT
CHARACTERIZED OLD AGE ARE DISEASES.