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(i) ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT TITLE

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

1.4 APPLICATION AREA

1.5 RESOURCES REQUIRED

2. HARDWARE

2.1 CIRCUICT DIAGRAM AND

DESCRIPTION

2.2 BILL OF MATERIAL

3. CIRCUIT FABRICATION

3.1 HARDWARE INTEGRATION AND

TESTING

3.2 ENGINEERING DESIGN

4. PROJECT EVALUATION

4.1 RESULT AND CONCLUSION

4.2 FAILURE ANALYSIS

1. INTROD
5. ANNEXUTURE UCTION
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5.1 DATA SHEET

5.2 REFERENCES
1.1 PROJECT TITLE:-

SPEED CONTROL OF AC APPLIANCES USING REMOTE CONTROL

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION AREA:-

1.2.1 Description

A circuit that allows total control over your equipments without having to move around is a
revolutionary concept. Total control over the speed of the fan is a boon to many. This product brings
to you this very concept. Remote control facilitates the operation of fan regulators around the home or
office from a distance. It provides a system that is simple to understand and also to operate, a system
that would be cheap and affordable, a reliable and easy to maintain system of remote control and
durable system irrespective of usage. It adds more comfort to everyday living by removing the
inconvenience of having to move around to operate a fan regulator. The system seeks to develop a
system that is cost effective while not undermining the need for efficient working. The first remote
control, called “lazy bones” was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corporation (then
known as Zenith Radio Corporation). The device was developed quickly, and it was called “Zenith
space command”, the remote went into production in the fall of 1956, becoming the first practical
wireless remote control device. Today, remote control is a standard on electronic products, including
VCRs, cable and satellite
boxes,digital video disc players and home audio players. In the year 2000, more than 99 percent of all
TV set and 100 percent of all VCR and DVD players sold are equipped with remote controls. The
average individual these days probably picks up a remote control at least once or twice a day.
Basically, a remote control works in the following manner. A button is pressed. This completes a
specific connection which produces a Morse code
line signal specific to that button. The transistor amplifies the signal and sends it to the LED which
translates the signal into infrared light. The sensor on the appliance detects the infrared light and
reacts appropriately. The
remote control’s function is to wait for the user to press a key and then translate that into infrared light
signals that are received by the receiving appliance. The carrier frequency of such infrared signals is
typically around
36kHz. The aim of this work is to design and construct a remote control for a fan regulator. The
remote control device sends an infra-red beam, which is received by the infra-red sensor on the
regulator and the speed of the fan is increased. One of the primary objectives of an engineer is to
endeavor to deliver the best product or the most efficient services at the lowest cost to the end user.
The system was found to meet the expected results.

1.2.2 Block Diagram:-

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 INFRARED
RADIATIONS

RECEIVER MONOSTABLE COUNTER MONOSTABLE

MULTIVINRATOR MULTIVINRATOR

TRANSFORME REGULATOR OPTO

LY
SUPP
AC

R COUPLER

FAN TRIAC OPTO

ISOLATO

1.2.3 Project Description:-

Sensing unit: -

We are using one sensor which is used to sense the signal from the IR remote and
generates a signal and send to the decoder unit. When sensor receives a signal then it provide a
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particular speed to the load. If it again receives a signal then it increases speed of the load after five
pulses it will be OFF the load.

MONOSTABLE CIRCUIT
Decoder unit :-
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We are using one decoder IC 4017 which has 10 outputs but here we are using only five outputs.
According each output speed of the load will vary. It receives the signal from the sensor .In between
the five outputs, one is reset the load. It is used for controlling the speed of the fan.

Isolator unit:-

It is used for driving the triac. this is MOC 3021(opto isolator).it isolate the signal from monostable
multivibrator to triac.

1.3 Application areas:-

1. Remote controlled Fan Regulator is used to control the speed of fan from our bed or couch.
2. The same circuit finds its use to control the Intensity of light at various levels.
3. This circuit also finds it use for switching ON and OFF any electronic circuit.

1.4 INPUT REQUIRED:-

1. Power supply required for every project

2. Soldering iron and soldering wire.
3. Nose plier and cutter.
2. HARDWARE

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2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION:-

Fig 2(a) Circuit diagram

WORKING:-
The 230 V from AC mains is stepped down to 12V and Regulated by IC7809, capacitor and Diodes to
9V. This filtered 9V is used for providing supply to the entire circuit. Any button of remote control can
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be used to control the speed of the fan. The remote control produces infrared rays which is received
by the TSOP infrared receives module. The TSOP used here is TSOP 1738. It is capable for
receiving signals up to 38 KHZ. The infrared rays are received by the TSOP sensor and its output is
given as a trigger to the first monostable multivibrator NE 555 through a LED and Resistor R4. This
NE555 which is wired as Monostable multivibrator is used to delay the clock to decade counter CD
4017. We can directly give the output of TSOP to decade counter, but while doing so all the small
pulse or noises may also act as clock to counter and counter starts counting.

The decade counter has ten outputs from Q0 to Q9. But here we are using only Q0 to Q4. Q5 is not
used and Q6 is used to reset the counter. The output of decade counter is taken through Resistors
R5 to R9. The resistor R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 controls the pulse width which is actually
determining the speed of the fan. If the Q0 output is high the capacitor C5 is charged through R5, if
Q1 is high capacitor C5 is charged through R6 and so on, thereby controlling the speed of the fan
accordingly. Here we are controlling the speed of the fan in five levels that is why we are taking five
outputs (A0 to Q4).

Another NE 555 is used here which is also wired as monostable multivibrator. This monostable
multivibrator is riggered by pulses from opto coupler MCT2E. It is wired as Zero crossing detector.
The output from decade counter is given to NE555 and this is given to the transistor BC548. It is
given to the Opto isolator MOC 3021. It is used for driving the Triac BT136. Triac is a type of thyristor.
Here the resistor R13 (470hm) and capacitor C7 (0.01μF) combination is used as snubber network for
the Triac.
The Resistors R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 are used to control the pulse width. When Q0 output is high
the pulse width is maximum, when Q1 output is high pulse width is decreased slightly. As the pulse
width decreases firing angle of the triac increases and speed of the fan also increases. By using
remote control we are actually controlling pulse width, which in turn varies the firing angle of triac, and
there by varying the speed of the fan.

2.2 BILL OF MATERIAL:-

Bill of materials (BOM) is the term used to describe the raw materials, sub-assemblies,
intermediate assemblies, sub-components, components, parts and the quantities of each needed to

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 manufacture a final product. It may be used for communication between manufacturing partners, or
confined to a single manufacturing plant.

2.2.1 Component:-

S.No. Component Value Specification Quantity

1. IC 555 DIP 1

2. Transistor BC148 - 5

Voltage regulator 9V 7809 1

IC

3. IC CD4017 1

4. IR Sensor TSOP1738 38KHZ 1

5. LED - Red 1

6. triac BT136 1

7. Transformer 12 -0 -12 - 1

8. Rectifier - Bridge 1

9. Resistor 1K ¼ w,10% 2

33K ¼ w,10% 1

27K ¼ w,10% 1

20K ¼ w,10% 1

12K ¼ w,10% 1

3.3K ¼ w,10% 1

100k ¼ w,10% 1

10K ¼ w,10% 1

5.6K ¼ w,10% 1

47ohm ¼ w,10% 3

4700 ohm ¼ w,10% 1

47K ¼ w,5% 1

330ohms ¼ w,10% 1

10. Zener diode 5.1V 1

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11. Diode 1N4007 5

12. Diode 1N4148 5

13. Capacitor .01uf Ceramic 3

10uf 16V,electrolyte 1

.1uf Ceramic 2

4.7uf 16V,electrolyte 1

.22uf Ceramic 1

470uf 50V electrolytic 1

14. Optoisolator MOC3021 1

15. Optocoupler MCT2E 1

16. Power Cable Two Pin 230v,50HZ 1

2.2.2 Mechanical subassemblies:-

3.CIRCUIT FABRICATION

3.1 HARDWARE INTEGRATION & TESTING :–

Integration of circuit is basically mounting of component on the PCB and solders it. We have used a zero base
PCB and all the component are soldered on it and connected through jumper wires.

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 The whole circuit has been divided into two segments:
1. Power supply circuit
2. Transmitter & receiver circuit

3.1.1 Power supply circuit:-

Fig 3.1.1.1 regulated power supply (+9V)

All these components except transformers are connected through the jumper wires.
Transformer is connected to this circuit through the male and female connector.

TESTING for power supply

• Every component is checked for short circuit through millimeters

• Power supply is given & the output of the various components is tested
• Output of the transformer-12.02 volt A.C
• Output of the rectifier:- volt D.C
• Output of the regulator:-9.05Volt D.C
• Output of the regulator with load:-8.80 Volt D.C

3.1.2 TESTING FOR RECEIVER CIRCUIT:-

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 Receiving circuict is tested by the multimeter.we tested all the pins when load was
connected.When the IR transmitter transmite 38KHz frequency

• Output voltage at the receiver :5.5V.

• Output current at the receiver: 5mA.

3.1.3 TESTING OF THE 555 TIMER CIRCUICT:-

It is tested by the oscilloscope we connect both terminal of probe to the output pin and check
the frequency generated by the 555 timer.

• Voltage at pin3 of 555 timer=3.49 Volt

• There is square wave.
Ra=100K

C1=1uf 16V

C2=.01uf

Vcc=9V

3.2 Engineering Design:

A good engineering design is what makes a project handy, portable & easy to use. It also provides an
aesthetic look to the project & helps the developer to check the circuit easily during project failure.
Thus, in our project, we have used connectors for different units to make the project easy to carry &
easy to handle. As far as PCB is concerned, Zero PCB is used for designing of whole circuit & jumper
wires are used only when they are required. So that the Circuit appears simple & neat for testing
purpose. A wooden Control Box is used for placing the circuit safe & only user interface is provided to
user.
Model is designed according to the requirement and gives the look like actual parking lot.

4. PROJECT EVALUATION
4.1 RESULT:-

The concept of speed control home appliances has been gives the functonal shape by this project.
It control the speed of the load(fan).it makes the human life more easy because this project work by
the remote.when user gives apulse through remote then it on the fan and in next pulse it change
speed of the device.

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 CONCLUSION:-
With the knowledge of new techniques in ‘Electronics’ we are able to make our life more comfortable.
One such application of electronics is used in our project.
The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this the intensity of light can be
controlled using a remote. The intensity of light can be controlled in five levels from off position to
maximum intensity possible.
So it finds use as a night lamp by keeping the intensity of lamp in low level.
The circuit also finds its use for switching ON and OFF any electronic circuitry. Our normal T.V
remote can be used for all these purposes. So it is very useful or a real help to old age and sick
people, since they can control the speed from the place where they are sitting.
We feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to present it before this
prosperous world.

4.2 FAILURE ANALYSIS:-

Supply wire failure:-

• In the first when we gave power supply then we found that our project was not working then
we checked the voltage at the regulator there was nothing .Then we tested the transformer
and the supply wire and we get that supply wire was not working. Then we change the power
supply and now that time we got 9.8V regulated DC supply.

• After giving the power supply there output does not stop in one position For reducing this
problem I placed the transformer at sufficient distance from the receiver.

SPEED SEQUENTIAL FAILURE:-

• Now output was coming but they are not come in order for reducing this problem I change the
connection of the output from the variable resistor.

5.ANNEXTURE

5.1 DATA SHEET:-

5.1.1 LED:-

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VOLTAGE REGULATOR:-

13
5.1.3 IR SENSOR:-

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15
16
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18
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5.1.4 BC 548 TRANSISTOR:-

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21
5.1.5 NE555 TIMER:-

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5.1.6 DECADE COUNTER

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24
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26
27
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29
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31
32
OPTO ISOLATOR

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34
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OPTO COUPLER
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An Opto coupler is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one voltage
potential to another while maintaining isolation of potentials. It is used for low voltages.

MCT2E is the opto coupler used here. MCT2E is NPN silicon planar phototransistor
optically coupled to a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode. It is used to trigger the
monostable multivibrator(IC3).

The MCT2XXX series optoisolators consist of a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode
driving a silicon phototransistor in a 6-pin

dual in-line package.

Schematic diagram of optocoupler IC

APPLICATIONS
• Power supply regulators
• Digital logic inputs

OPTO ISOLATOR
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An Opto isolator is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one voltage
potential to another while maintaining isolation of the potentials. Its operating voltage is
higher than that of an Opto coupler.

Here, MOC3021 is used as opto isolator. It is used to drive the Triac BT136.

Schematic Diagram of Opto isolator

The MOC302_ series are optically isolated triac driver devices.These devices contain a
GaAs( Gallium Arsenide) infrared emitting diode coupled with a light activated silicon
bilateral switch which functions like a triac mounted in a standard 6 pin dual-in-line
package. This is designed for interfacing between electronic controls and power triacs to
control resistive and inductive loads for 240 V AC operations.

FEATURE

• High Isolation Voltage (5.3kVRMS ,7.5kVPK )

• 400V Peak Blocking Voltage
• Excellent Stability

APPLICATIONS

• CRTs
• Power Triac Driver

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 TRIAC BT 136

A TRIAC, or TRIode for Alternating Current is an electronic component approximately

equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs/thyristors) joined in inverse parallel
(paralleled but with the polarity reversed) and with their gates connected together. The
formal name for a TRIAC is bidirectional triode thyristor. This results in a bidirectional

electronic switch which can conduct current in either direction when it is triggered
(turned on) and thus doesn't have any polarity. It can be triggered by either a positive or
a negative voltage being applied to its gate electrode (with respect to A1, otherwise
known as MT1). Once triggered, the device continues to conduct until the current
through it drops below a certain threshold value, the holding current, such as at the end
of a half-cycle of alternating current (AC) mains power. In addition, applying a trigger
pulse

at a controllable point in an AC cycle allows one to control the percentage of current that
flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control).

The triac used here is BT136. It is thyristor with a firing angle nearly 45o. A snubber
circuit consisting of a resistor and capacitor is used to control the firing angle of Triac.
This firing angle determines the speed of the fan.

Passivated triacs in a plastic envelope, intended for use in applications requiring high
bidirectional transient and blocking voltage capability and high thermal cycling
performance. Typical applications include motor control, industrial and domestic lighting,
heating and static switching.

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 REFERENCES

• http://lejpt.academicdirect.org/A09/055_062.htm
• http://www.electronicsforu.com/EFYLinux/circuit/July2006/CI-
01_July06.pdf
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless
• www.epanorama.net discussion index
• http://freecircuitdiagram.com/2009/03/27/fan-control-circuit-using-
lm56-ic/

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