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MONOSSILBICAS
SPELLING-TO-SOUND RULES FOR ENGLISH VOWELS IN ONE-SYLLABLE
WORDS
Examples: bar, bark, car, card, cart, far, farm, jar, scar, scarf, star, start, tar
Exceptions: war /wor/, ward /word/, warm /worm/, warn /worn/, warp /worp/
2. The grapheme "a" represents the
Examples: at, back, bad, bath, can, cap, fad, fat, glad, hat, Jack, lack,
lad, mad, man, mat, pal, pan, rack, rat, Sam, shack, tack, tap, van,
whack
Exception: was /wz/, /waz/
Examples: ate, bake, bade, bathe, cane, cape, fade, fate, glade,
hate, Jake, lake, lade, made, male, mane, mate, pale, pane, pave,
rake, rate, same, shake, take, tape, vane
Exception: have /hv/
Examples: bald, ball, call, chalk, fall, hall, mall, stalk, talk, tall, walk, wall
Exception: pal /pl/, calm /kam/
Examples: bet, check, deck, fell, kept, left, lend, melt, pet, pen, rent, spell, tell, ten,
vet, well, when
7. The grapheme "e" represents the
phoneme // as in bird and but, when it is
followed by an "r" in spelling.
Examples: berg, Bert, clerk, nerd, per, sperm, term, verb, were
Exceptions: where /wher/, mere /mIr/
Examples: bit, dim, fill, fin, kit, lip, mill, pick, pill, pin, rip, six, spit, till, tilt, will, win
9. The grapheme "i" represents the
diphthong /ay/ as in my, when the spelling of
the word ends with "_gh" or "_ght".
Examples: bite, dime, dive, file, fine, five, kite, knife, lie, mile, nine,
pie, pike, pile, pine, ripe, site, spite, strive, tile, while, wine, wire
Exceptions: give /gIv/, live /lIv/
Examples: dirt, firm, flirt, irk, Kirk, shirt, skirt, stir, whirl
Examples: bomb, bond, clock, con, cop, cot, flop, glob, hop, hot, mod, mop, not, on, pond,
rob, tom, top
Exceptions: comb /kowm/, dog /dog/, from /frm/, tomb /tuwm/, ton /tn/
Examples: clove, cope, cote, globe, hope, mode, mope, note, robe, tone, tope
Exceptions: done /dn/, love /lv/, none /nn/, gone /gon/
Examples: blurb, cub, curt, cut, duck, dull, hug, purr, tub, up
Exception: pull /pUl/