36 Countr: ies, languages and people All the nouns and adjectives in this unit always begin with a capital letter, for example Africa [NOT africa]. HE The Continents Antarctica Ww Countries EO Pg, Colonia cour fem Pace penn, 17 Mongo i Athenian bE Bota Fe ane Pakistan fe Pn Cle Ura It is not possible to show all the ic £ ca ef 5 petentn countries of the world on a small page. . china +7 If your country is not included, check jy. 1/48 wt - its English name with your teacher. vf | 483 Sete Set Lanka —~ Q “Thailand People fungadeln \}\—Shagpore notes adjective Most country adjectives German, Mexican, Jamaican, Russian, Canadian, Australian, end in (Jan. Brazilian, Egyptian, Peruvian, Korean, Argentinian Many country adjectives British, English, Irish, Scottish, Polish, Swedish, Finnish, end in ish. Spanish, Turkish A few country adjectives | Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Nepalese end in ese. Exceptions: French (from France), Dutch (from Holland), Swiss (from Switzerland), Greek, Iraqi, Thai, Icelandic, Arab, Israeli Ee Languages and people Words for languages are usually the same as the ‘people’ adjective: English, French, Japanese, Thai, Spanish, Chinese, Norwegian (from Norway), etc. There is one exception: Arabic. 16 English Vocabulary in Use (elementary)36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 36.6 Exercises You may need to ask a teacher or to use a dictionary to help you with some of these exercises ~ it is not possible to include every country and nationality on the left-hand page. In which continents are these places? 1 Mount Everest Asia 4 Wogga Wogga 7 The Mississippi 2 The Sahara 5 The Volga 8 Mount Fuji 3 The Amazon 6 Mount Kilimanjaro 9 Lake Titicaca Which countries are these ? Write their names on them. Brazil Spain Russia China Sweden Thai pode, 1 . . 4 ¢ , mn 4 A ‘6 Where are these capital cities? Write sentences. 1 Tokyo Tokyo i¢ the capital of Japan 6 Vienna 2 Rome 7 Edinburgh 3 Canberra 8 Ankara 4 Bogota 9 Buenos Aires 5 Cairo 10 Madrid Write down in English: the name of your country. the names of the countries next to your country. the names of any other countries which are important for your country in some way. the word for your language. the name for people from your country. Wawne Which country is different? (Think of the languages they speak there,) Write sentences. 1 England, Canada, Iceland, Australia tn Engle, Canada and Australia they speak. English bvt in Iceland they speak. leelan 2. México, Brazil, Spain, Chile 3 Italy, Austria, Germany, Switzerland 4 Morocco, Egypt, China, Saudi Arabia 5. Switzerland, Canada, Scotland, France What is the adjective for these countries? 1 Cuba Cuban 2. Vietnam 6 Germany 10 Spain 14 Greece 3 Korea 7 Egypt 11 Peru 15. Australia 4 Thailand 8 Argentina 12 China 16 Poland 5 Iraq 9 Holland 13 Britain 17 India English Vocabulary in Use (elementary) 7In pairs, take this quiz with a partner and find ‘out who knows the most about Sting, the singer of this song. 1. Which rock group did Sting use to play with? a) The Police b) Queen ©) UB40 2. Which inscrument did he play in the group? a) lead guitar b) bass guitar ¢) drums 3 What was his job before he became a musician? a} teacher b) pilot ) builder 4 What is his real name? a) Andy Summers bj Stuart Copeland 6) Gordon Sumner 5 Which animal does his nickname ting” come from? a) bee b) bird} bull 6 Which Engtish city does he come fom? 8) London 6) Bristol } Newcastle 7 Which Sting song is the basis for Puff Daddy's huge hie 1 be missing ou? a) Roxanne 19) Boery breath you take 6) Message ina battle 8 Complete the titles of these songs by Sting. a) They dance alone / together / every day ) Fresh / Another / Brand new day «) Desert song / rose / storm {) Which charity was Sting involved in setting up in 1989? a) Band Aid b) Oxfam 6) The Rainforest Foundation 10 How many children does Sting have? a4 6 3 2 Listening Qa Englishman In New York was inspired by a real 59 person, Quentin Crisp, an elderly Englishman who moved to New York. Listen to the song and complete the notes. 1 He drinks 2 He always carries . 3 If people treat him with ignorance, he _ 4 He thinks it’s important to be 5 Because he's 2 gentleman, he neverb Look at the song and check your answers, Units 1 and 2_Songsheet1. ©) © Now try to guess some of the missing words. Listen again. 39 Englishman In New York | don't drink coffee, | take tea my dear ike my (1) done on the side ‘And you can hear it in my 2) ‘when | talk 1'm an Englishman in New York ee me walking down (3) Y/A walking cane here at my side I take it (4) lwalk 1'm an Englishman in New York Chorus I'm an alien; 'm a legal alien 'm an Englishman in New York I'm an alien; 'm a legal alien {'m an Englishman in New York 3 Word builder: synonyms lf “manners maketh man” as someone said Then he's the (5) of the day It takes a man to suffer ignorance and smile Be yourself, no (6) What they say Repeat chorus Modesty, propriety can lead to notoriety You could end up as the (7) Gentleness, sobriety are rare in this society At night a (8) ’s brighter than the sun ‘Takes more than combat gear to make a man Takes more than (9) for a gun Confront your enemies, (10) them when you can A gentleman will walk but never run Find words or expressions from the song with the same meaning as those below. 1 a foreigner 2 the opposite of pride 3 correct behavior in public 4 Speaking 4. fame for doing something wrong 5. seriousness 6 asoldier’s uniform “Manners maketh man’ is a famous quotation. Maketh is the old form of make. It means that manners (the way you behave in society) are extremel; portant. In groups, discuss the questions. 1 What examples of good manners can you find in the song? 2 What do you think Sting especially admired about this person? 3 Tell your partners about a person you know who lives life differently from the people around him / her. 4 Which of these things do you think you would change if you went to live in New York? » the food you eat * the clothes you wear the way you travel * your hobbies » your daily routine * your manners38 Inthe town You can get a train at the railway station. You can change money at the bank. You can read books and newspapers at the library. or You can park your car in/at the car park. Queen Street Streets and roads pedestrian area) i —— PARKING. PROHIBITED no parking no entry 80 English Vocabulary in Use (elementary)38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 Exercises Answer the questions. Where can I get a bus to London? At the bus station. Where can I get information about hotels? Where can I change money? ‘Where can I park? Where can I see very old things? Where can I post a letter? AueUNe Look at the map on the opposite page. Ask questions. 1 ..Where's, the. library? Near the roundabout. 2 In the square. 3 Go left at York Street, 4 In the pedestrian area. 5 London Road car park is best 6 There’s a bank in Queen Street. What words are these? 1 sumuem museum 2 nowt lal 5 ywrlaai nttoisa 3. brilyra 6 dracepsrin raae 4 rac prak 7 frtafei dnearw What are these signs? PARKING PROHIBITED Write a paragraph about your town. Use the words opposite. English Vocabulory in Use (elementary) 8t1 Vocabulary: words with similar meanings € Match words with similar meanings together. stress pleasant i country holiday hapey days * vacation ee good times trouble %; . pressure + nice nation “ problem Z ; \a | . ia aes Ny aed ? Combine any/taa wo e Change the form of the words if nece Planning a hotiday can.be stress \ ve Pronunciation and wor Notice the spelling and'st educate _ education Strate Sa fas celebrate“ “gelebration ~ conéehirate _ concentrati indicate jon “tolerate” > f6lerationUnits 11 and 12 3 Listening and reading @ Listen to the song and check (v) the words that you hear. holiday sad days ) celebrate revolution, ) demonstrate nation ) good times bad times bb Now read the lyrics as you listen to the song again. Ched Holiday, celebrate © You can turn this wor Holiday, celebrate ‘And bring back all If we took a holiday © Put your troubles down Took some time to celebrate = It's time to celebrate. Just one day out of life © Let love shine Htwould be, it would be sonice. Everybody spread the word We're gonna have a celebration. All across the world In every nation : And we will find A.way to come toget ‘And make things be We need a holiday. © Holiday, celebrate Its time for the good times © Holiday, celebrate Forget about the bad times, oh yeah. Holiday, celebrate ‘One day to come together Holiday, celebrate To release the pressure We need a holiday. Holiday, celebratio 5 Come together it 4 Writing and speaking In groups, discuss these statements and then complete them with the group's ideas. Compare your answers with another group. 1 Family vacations are important because .. 2 Vacations with friends are important because 3 National festivals are important because bin groups, invent a festival for the world. It should be truly universal. Make notes on the following ideas. reason for the festival type of dress for the festival type of music and food for the festival location for the first year of the festival and why date and name for the festival we wna © Present your world festival to the class. Which group has the best idea?32 68 Describing people (som Height (= how many metres?) / fo [es Mary Pimm is a very tall woman. 4 [Not Mary Pimm is a very igh woman.] 1 Tom Jakes is quite short. Mary Pimm, ] Tom Jakes [Nor Tom Jakes is quite dow] If you aren’t tall or short, you are medium height. To ask if someone is tall or short, we say: How tall is Mary/Tom? She's 1.60 metres tall. { He’s 1.48 metres tall. Weight fR 1 (= how many kilos?) Dolly Ryan Dolly Ryan is really slim. I was very thin when | was in hospital. (thin is a more negative word) A rather fat man opened the door, (fat is quite negative) The doctor said Iam overweight. (= more kilos than is good for me) How much do you weigh? I weigh 62 kilos / 74 kilos, etc. Face and head Sally has dark hair and dark skin. She has brown eyes. Polly has blonde (or fair) hair and fair skin. She has blue eyes. Billy has a beard and long hair. He has green Harry has a moustache and short hair. You can also use has got, for example, Sally has got dark hair and dark skin. Age My grandmother is 97. She’s very old. My sister is 14, She’s young, but would like to be older. My father is 56, He’s middle-aged, but would like to be younger! This hospital is for elderly people. (more polite than old) Looks: positive (+) and negative (-) My sister is quite pretty. (+++) (usually girlshvomen only). She’s a very beautiful girl. (4444) Jim’s a very handsome man, (+++) (usually for men only) Bob’s a rather ugly man. (---) I'm not ugly or beautiful, I'm just ordinary-looking! (+/-) English Vocabulary in Use (elernentary)32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 Exercises Fill the gaps in the sentences. He’s only one metre 52. He’s quite ... short: Very people are often good at basketball. Models are usually Is her skin dark? No it’s She’s only 12. She’s very If eat too much I'll be 5 My grandmother is in this hospital. It’s a hospital for people. (don’t use ‘old’) Maueene Ask questions for these answers. Use the words in brackets. 1 How. tall. is, your, brother? {your brother) He’s about one metre 75. 2 Is 2 (Elena’s hair) No, her hair’s dark. 3 Is 2? (Mike's hair) Yes, it is quite long 4 Are ? (your parents} Not really, they’re middle-aged. 5 Is 2 (his sister) Yes, all the boys want to go out with her. 6 Why ? (Sara — thin) She has been very ill. Write sentences describing the people in these pictures. ( Suzanna Jett Caroline Dick 1 Suzanna’s got 2 Jeff has 3 Caroline’s got 4 Dick's hair is and he Write down the names of three people you know. Then write about: ~ their height (tall, short, medium height) = their hair (colour, long, short, beard) = their eyes (colour) ~ their looks (ordinary, handsome, etc.) English Vocabulary in Use (elementary) 692 to record an album 3a follow-up 4 to release a record 5 to top the charts 6 acollaboration 7 togo on tour 8 a record label 10 to have a hit 1 Word builder: the music business Match the expressions on the left with the meanings on the right. 1 to get a Grammy Award 9 to take up an instrument @) a company like Sony Music, which signs artists and makes and sells records b) to receive a prize from the American music industry ©) to begin to play the guitar, piano, etc. ) to have a number one best-selling record ©) to perform several tracks in a studio f) to perform in different places 4g) to make a successful record h) to begin to sell a CD or album i) a project that people work on together }) the next record that you make after a previous release b The words 1-10 are in the wrong place in this article about Carlos Santana. Decide which of the words should go with each number. Notice that the form of the word is sometimes different. been a famous musician C ince the 1960s and has (1) recorded several million-selling albums in his career, but the remarkable success of his 1999 album Supernatural, his first for his new (2) collaborations Arista, took many observers by surprise. This album (3) took up the American charts for months and won nine (4) fous , including Song of the Year for Smooth, Maria Maria was another huge (5) label _ from the album. ‘The album featured (6) follow-up with a wide range of other artists and became one of the best-selling albums of all time. Carlos Santana’s musical journey goes back to the 1950s in Mexico, where he first Q 2 Listening 63 122 (7) recorded the guitar: His family later moved to the United States, where Carlos developed his love for the blues and his own distinctive style and sound, When his group performed at the famous Woodstock Music Festival in 1969, they made a sensational impact and the group’. first album, Santana, (8) hit in the same year, sold over ‘two million copies. Their 1970 (9) released Abraxas, was an even greater international success and there have been over 30 other albums since then ith a series of (10) Grammy accards that have taken them around the world several times. His travels have also included numerous charitable projects, including work for his own charity, Milagro, which helps children in need all over the world. a Listen to the song and choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. 1. The situation in the song is 2 The man feels that the woman is too 3 His basic attitude towards her is that he a) a moonlit night b) a hot noon a) far away a) would prefer to forget her ©) acool evening, hot. b) would do anything for her b) cool ¢) feels ashamed of his feelings for her.Units 9 and 10. Songsher Now listen again and complete the song. Smooth Man! It's a hot one Like seven (1) _ from the midday sun hear you (2) and the words melt everyone But you stay so cool My munequita, my Spanish Harlem (3) You're my reason for (4) The step in my groove Chorus And if you say this life ain't good (6) | would give my world to lift you up | could change my life to better suit your (6) ’Cause you're so smooth And it's just like the (7) under the moon Well, it’s the same emotion that | get from you You got the kind of lovin’ that can be so smooth Give me your heart, make it (8) Or else forget about it Vl tell you one thing— Ifyou would leave it would be a (9) shame In every breath and every word hear your (10) calling me out Out from the barrio, you hear my (11) ‘on your radio You feel the turning of the world so soft and (12) Turning you round and round Repeat chorus Now look at the sentences in exercise 2a again and check if you were correct. Speaking 4 Writing and speaking Carlos Santana is an artist who has been playing and Using the vocabulary from exercises 1 producing successful music for five decades now. and 2, write a short article about an Discuss these questions. artist you admire and give a 1 Do you know any other artists who have achieved this? presentation, with a piece of their 2 Do you think it is possible for many artists to continue for music in the next lesson. so long and to attract younger fans as they get older? Why? / Why not? 3. Do you feel that older artists should make way for younger artists with different styles? 12344 Describing character 92 A Opposites Many positive words describing character have clear opposites with a negative meaning Positive Negative warm and friendly cold and unfriendly kind unkind nice, pleasant horrible, unpleasant generous (= happy to givelshare) mean (= never gives to others) optimistic (= thinks positively) pessimistic (= thinks negatively) cheerful (= happy and smiling) —_ miserable (= always seems unhappy) relaxed and easy-going tense (= nervous; worries a lot; not calm) strong weak sensitive insensitive (= does not think about others’ feelings) honest (= always tells the truth) dishonest Jane is very tense at the moment because of her exams, but she’s usually quite relaxed and easy-going about most things. I think the weather influences me a lot: when it’s sunny I feel more cheerful and optimistic; but when it’s cold and raining I get very miserable. He seemed a bit unfriendly at first, but now I’ve got to know him I realise he’s very warm and kind. The shop assistant told me that the dress I tried on looked better on people younger than me. I thought that was very insensitive of her, but at least she was being honest, 1 suppose. Character in action People often talk about qualities of character that you may need in a work situation, Again, some of these words come in pairs of opposites: one positive and one negative. Positive Negative hard-working lazy (= never does any work) punctual (=always on time) not very punctual; always late reliable unreliable (= you cannot trust / depend on someone like this) clever, bright (in/ml) stupid, thick (infml) flexible inflexible (= a very fixed way of thinking; unable to change) ambitious unambitious (= no desire to be successful and get a better job} Some pairs of opposites do not have a particularly positive or negative meaning: He is very shy when you first meet him because he finds it difficult to talk to people and make conversation; but when he knows people quite well he’s much more self-confident, People often say the British are very reserved (= do not show their feelings), but when you get to know them they can be very emotional like anyone else. Using nouns Some important qualites are expressed through nouns. One of her great qualities is that she uses her initiative. (= she can think for herself and take the necessary action; she does not need to wait for orders all the time) That boy has got no common sense (= he does stupid things and doesn’t think what he is doing). His sister, on the other hand, is very sensible. (= has lots of common sense) English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate)44.1 Exercises Organise these words into pairs of opposites and put them in the columns below. mean clever nice lazy relaxed —_ hard-working tense cheerful generous unpleasant —stupid_—_—miserable Positive Negative 44.2 What prefix forms the opposite of each of these words? (You need three different prefixes.) 44.3 44.4 kind flexible friendly honest reliable sensitive ambitious _—_ pleasant How would you describe the person in each of these descriptions? 1 He never bought me a drink all the time we were together. 2. Thave to tell her what to do every minute of the working day. She wouldn't even open a window without someone’s permission. He often promises to do things but half the time he forgets. She’s always here on time. I don’t think he’s done any work since he's been here. She finds it difficult ro meet people and talk to strangers. He could work in any of the departments, and it doesn’t matter to him if he’s on his own or part of a team. 8 One of the great things about her is that she is so@are aPwhat other people think or feel, 9. Bob, on the other hand, is the complete opposite. He is always making people angry or upset because he just doesn’t consider their feelings. 10 ‘The other thing about Bob is that he really wants to get the supervisor's job and then become boss for the whole department. Nanae What nouns can be formed from these adjectives? Use a dictionary to help you. Example: kind kindness punctual optimist reliable lazy confident generous ambitious stupid sensitive strong flexible shy Choose three words from the opposite page which describe you. Is there one quality you do not have but would like to have? What, in your opinion, is the worst quality described on the opposite page? If possible, compare your answers with a friend. English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 93