Pfizer Parasite Atlas

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.
qxd
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 1
PFIZER ATLAS OF
VETERINARY CLINICAL
PARASITOLOGY
Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 2
PFIZER ATLAS OF
VETERINARY CLINICAL
PARASITOLOGY
Byron L. Blagburn, MS, PhD
College of Veterinary Medicine
Auburn University
Michael W. Dryden, DVM, PhD

College of Veterinary Medicine
Kansas State University
Editors
Animal Health
ISBN 0-9678005-3-6
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 4
CONTENTS
INTERNAL PARASITES
45 ............Heartworms, Canine
67 ............Heartworms, Feline
89 ............Hookworms
1011 ............Whipworms
1213 ............Roundworms
1415 ............Dipylidium Tapeworms
1617 ............Taenia Tapeworms
18 ............Giardia
EXTERNAL PARASITES
19
2021 ............Fleas
22 ............American Dog Ticks
23 ............Brown Dog Ticks
24 ............Deer Ticks
25 ............Common Ticks Compared
26 ............Ear Mites
27 ............Demodex Mites
28 ............Cheyletiella Mites
29 ............Sarcoptes Mites
INTERNAL ORGANS (Canine & Feline) 3 0 - 3 1

Published by The Gloyd Group, Inc.
Wilmington, Delaware
Medical illustrations created by Allison Lucas Wright, MS, CMI
and Gene Nunnally Wright, MS, CMI, Athens, Georgia
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
33
3445 ............Photographic aids to identifying common parasites and

pseudoparasites as seen in blood, feces, and urine
All photographs courtesy of Byron L. Blagburn, MS, PhD

1999 by Pfizer Inc.
All rights reserved. First printing, 2000
Printed in the United States of America.
The hosts for each parasite are identified at the top of each page
by the following icons representing dog, cat, and/or human hosts.
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 2
INTERNAL PARASITES
45 Heartworms, Canine
67 Heartworms, Feline
89 Hookworms
1011 Whipworms
1213 Roundworms
1415 Dipylidium Tapeworms
1617 Taenia Tapeworms
18 Giardia
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 4
HEARTWORMSCANINE
HEARTWORMSCANINE
Dirofilaria immitis
Dirofilaria immitis
A mosquito becomes a heartworm

intermediate host by ingesting microfilariae
while biting an infected host.
CANINE HEARTWORM INFECTION
A mosquito deposits
heartworm larvae
via saliva puddle
into bloodstream.
HEARTWORMS
WHIPWORMS
TAPEWORMS
TAPEWORMS
GIARDIA
WHIPWORMS
GIARDIA
Dog heart infected with

adult heartworms
ROUNDWORMS
HEARTWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
Larvae develop in
tissues and migrate
to the heart where
they mature to
adult worms.
Normal dog heart
HOOKWORMS
HOOKWORMS
Fertilized adult
female heartworms
release microfilariae
into the blood.
I N T E R N A L PA R A S I T E S
CANINE HEARTWORM*
Length of Life Cycle = Approximately 6 Months
Adult heartworms live in

the right ventricle and
pulmonary artery.**
* Although rare, humans may develop

pulmonary lesions if infected with D. immitis.
** Adult worm is sometimes found at
ectopic sites, eg, eye, skin, or body cavity.
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 6
HEARTWORMSFELINE
HEARTWORMSFELINE
Dirofilaria immitis
Dirofilaria immitis
A mosquito becomes a heartworm

intermediate host by ingesting microfilariae
while biting an infected host.
FELINE HEARTWORM INFECTION
A mosquito deposits
heartworm larvae
via saliva puddle
into bloodstream.
Normal cat
heart and lungs
HEARTWORMS
WHIPWORMS
GIARDIA
TAPEWORMS
TAPEWORMS
GIARDIA
ROUNDWORMS
WHIPWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
Larvae develop in
tissues and migrate
to the heart where
they mature to
adult worms
however, many of
the larvae do not
reach maturity in
cats.
HOOKWORMS
HEARTWORMS
HOOKWORMS
Fertilized adult
female heartworms
release microfilariae
into the blood.
Microfilariae are
difficult to detect
because they are
few in number and
are present in blood
for a short time.
FELINE HEARTWORM*
Length of Life Cycle = Approximately 8 Months
Cat heart and lungs

infected with adult
heartworms
Feline heart and lungs infected

with adult heartworms.**
* Although rare, humans may develop

pulmonary lesions if infected with D. immitis.
** Adult worm is sometimes found at ectopic sites, eg,
peripheral arteries, body cavity, or central nervous system.
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 8
HOOKWORMS
Ancylostoma caninum,* Ancylostoma braziliense,* and Ancylostoma tubaeforme*
HOOKWORMS
Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense, and Ancylostoma tubaeforme
HOOKWORMS
HOOKWORM INFECTION
Larvae mature to adult hookworms that

reside in the small intestine, where they
can cause significant blood loss.
Normal small
intestine
TAPEWORMS
WHIPWORMS
HEARTWORMS
GIARDIA
TAPEWORMS
GIARDIA
* The life cycles for A. tubaeforme and A. braziliense are

similar to that shown for A. caninum; A. tubaeforme is
generally found only in cats; A. caninum and A. braziliense
are found in both dogs and cats; larvae of A. braziliense and
A. caninum may cause human cutaneous larva migrans and
rarely, eosinophilic enteritis.
ROUNDWORMS
WHIPWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
Small intestine
infected with
hookworms
Infective larvae are ingested or penetrate the skin

and may migrate extensively.
Eggs hatch and larvae

develop to infective stage.
Following ingestion of infective

larvae in the mothers milk,
puppies begin passing eggs in the
feces in as little as 2 weeks.
HOOKWORMS
HEARTWORMS
HOOKWORMS
Young animals
may be infected
during nursing
via milk, by
ingestion of
infective larvae
in the soil, or by
skin penetration.
Length of Life Cycle = 3 to 4 Weeks
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 10
WHIPWORMS
WHIPWORMS
Trichuris vulpis
Trichuris vulpis
WHIPWORM
WHIPWORM INFECTION
Infective eggs hatch to

larvae and mature to adult
worms in 74 to 87 days in
the cecum.
Normal cecum
and the ileocecal
junction of the
small and
large intestine
Length of Life Cycle = 3 Months
Mature worms
pass eggs in
the feces.
HEARTWORMS
WHIPWORMS
TAPEWORMS
TAPEWORMS
GIARDIA
WHIPWORMS
GIARDIA
ROUNDWORMS
HEARTWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
Infected cecum
with numerous
whipworms
embedded in
the mucosa
HOOKWORMS
HOOKWORMS
The dog ingests

infective eggs
found in soil.
Infective larvae develop in 2

to 4 weeks within the egg.
10
11
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 12
ROUNDWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
Toxocara canis*, Toxocara cati*, and Toxascaris leonina*
Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina
ROUNDWORMS
ROUNDWORM INFECTION
Adult roundworms live

in the small intestine.
TAPEWORMS
WHIPWORMS
HEARTWORMS
TAPEWORMS
GIARDIA
GIARDIA
Eggs are passed

in the feces.
WHIPWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
The transport hosts

ingest infective eggs;
larvae encyst in tissues.
ROUNDWORMS
The hosts ingest the infective eggs or the

transport host. Larvae of T. canis or T. cati
may migrate extensively within the hosts
Roundworms may
be transmitted to
young animals
in utero or via milk
(except T. leonina).
HOOKWORMS
HEARTWORMS
HOOKWORMS
Normal small
intestine
Length of Life Cycle = T. canis, approximately 4 to 5 Weeks; T. cati and T. leonina, =55
Days
Toxocara
cati egg
Small intestine
infected with
roundworms
Infective eggs develop in the environment:

approximately 1 week for Toxascaris sp.
and 4 weeks for Toxocara sp.
Toxocara
canis egg
12
* Larvae of both T. canis and T. cati may infect many organ systems in humans
(visceral larva migrans); Toxascaris leonina is of no zoonotic significance.
Toxascaris
leonina egg
13
5/28/04
11:34 AM
Page 14
DIPYLIDIUM TAPEWORMS
DIPYLIDIUM TAPEWORMS
Dipylidium caninum
Dipylidium caninum
DIPYLIDIUM TAPEWORM
DIPYLIDIUM TAPEWORM INFECTION
Tapeworm larvae within the flea

will develop to adult tapeworms
Normal small
intestine
Fleas are ingested

as the pet grooms.
HEARTWORMS
WHIPWORMS
GIARDIA
TAPEWORMS
Small
intestine
infected
with
tapeworms
ROUNDWORMS
WHIPWORMS
Tapeworm eggs
develop to infective
larvae within the
developing flea.
HOOKWORMS
HEARTWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
HOOKWORMS
Tapeworm segments
containing egg packets
are passed in the feces.
Occasionally, egg
packets are present in
feces.
Length of Life Cycle = Approximately 3 Weeks
TAPEWORMS
14
GIARDIA
Eggs are ingested

by flea larvae.
Dipylidium caninum
egg packets contain
individual eggs.
15
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 16
TAENIA TAPEWORMS
TAENIA TAPEWORMS
Taenia spp.
Taenia spp.
TAENIA TAPEWORM
TAENIA TAPEWORM INFECTION
Adult tapeworms develop

Normal small
intestine
The host becomes

infected by eating the
intermediate host
HEARTWORMS
WHIPWORMS
TAPEWORMS
TAPEWORMS
GIARDIA
WHIPWORMS
GIARDIA
ROUNDWORMS
HEARTWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
Small
intestine
infected
with
tapeworms
An intermediate host
ingests the eggs.
HOOKWORMS
HOOKWORMS
Tapeworm segments
containing infective eggs
are passed in the feces.
Occasionally, eggs are
present in feces.
The eggs develop to

larvae in the tissues of
the intermediate host.
Eggs are released from

the segments into the
environment.
16
17
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 18
GIARDIA
Giardia spp.
Length of Life Cycle = 1 Week
GIARDIA
Trophozoites attach to the

mucosa of the small intestine
and may cause diarrhea.
EXTERNAL PARASITES
2021 Fleas
22 American Dog Ticks
HEARTWORMS
HOOKWORMS
Trophozoites
emerge from the
ingested cyst.
23 Brown Dog Ticks

Trophozoites usually
form cysts that are
intermittently passed
in the feces.
24 Deer Ticks
25 Common Ticks Compared
WHIPWORMS
ROUNDWORMS
26 Ear Mites
27 Demodex Mites
28 Cheyletiella Mites
TAPEWORMS
GIARDIA
29 Sarcoptes Mites
The host ingests
cysts from the
environment,
usually from
contaminated
food or water.
Infective cysts are present in the environment.
18
19
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 20
FLEAS
FLEAS
Ctenocephalides felis
Ctenocephalides felis
FLEA ALLERGY DERMATITIS
Adult flea remains on the dog or cat host,

feeding and producing eggs.
Adult fleas
emerge from
the cocoon in
search of a
blood meal
Stage 1
Normal skin
Eggs fall off of the

host animal and
hatch within 2 to 5
days to larvae.
Stage 4
Bacterial infection is a common sequela to
skin trauma caused by scratching.
MITES
MITES
20
Stage 3
In animals that are allergic to the flea saliva,
the reaction is more pronounced, causing
intense itching. Scratching may
cause increased inflammation and hair loss.
TICKS
TICKS
Larvae develop
into pupae
inside a debriscoated, silk-like
fiber cocoon
(cross section).
Larvae feed on adult flea

feces which fall off the host
and organic debris present
in the environment.
FLEAS
FLEAS
Stage 2
When a flea bites, it injects a
small amount of saliva into the skin,
causing an inflammatory reaction
E X T E R N A L PA R A S I T E S
FLEA
Length of Life Cycle = 2 Weeks to Many Months
For each flea on the host, there are hundreds of eggs, larvae, and newly emerged adults,
concentrated in the environment (carpet, bedding, soil, decaying vegetation, etc.).
21
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 22
AMERICAN DOG TICKS
BROWN DOG TICKS
Dermacentor variabilis
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Length of Life Cycle = 3 Months to 1 Year
AMERICAN DOG TICK
Length of Life Cycle = 1 to 2 Years
BROWN DOG TICK
Engorged female
feeding
Engorged female ticks

fall off the host and lay
several thousand eggs.
Adult ticks attach to

and feed on dogs.
FLEAS
FLEAS

Engorged female
feeding
Adult ticks attach to and

feed on dogs and wildlife
such as raccoons.
TICKS
TICKS
Eggs hatch to larvae.
Nymphs feed and

develop to adults.
Larvae and nymphs

feed on dogs and
other small mammals.
MITES
MITES
Both larvae
and nymphs
feed on small
mammals.
Nymphs feed and

develop to adults.
Larvae feed, and

develop to nymphs.
22
Larvae feed and

develop to nymphs.
23
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 24
DEER TICKS
COMMON TICKS COMPARED
Ixodes scapularis (Syn. dammini)
DEER TICK
AMERICAN DOG TICK*
Engorged female
feeding
larva
nymph
adult
engorged adult
BROWN DOG TICK*
Length of Life Cycle = 1 to 2 Years
FLEAS
FLEAS

nymph
larva
adult
TICKS
TICKS
Adult ticks attach to

and feed on dogs,
white-tailed deer,
and other animals.
engorged adult
Larvae feed on mice, the reservoir for

Lyme disease organisms.
DEER TICK*
MITES
MITES
Nymphs feed on mice,

wildlife, dogs, cats, and
humans, and develop to
adults.
nymph
larva
adult
engorged adult
Larvae feed and
develop to nymphs.
24
* These ticks are found infrequently on

cats and humans, but they do occur.
25
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 26
EAR MITES
DEMODEX MITES
Otodectes cynotis
Demodex canis
EAR MITE
DEMODEX MITE
Adult Otodectes cynotis mite
Demodex mites live and

reproduce in the hair follicles
and sebaceous glands.
Increased numbers of mites are
seen in animals with a genetic
predisposition or disorders of
the immune system.
Adult Demodex mite

All developmental stages
occur on the same host.
FLEAS
FLEAS
Cat displays effects of

ear mite infestation in
the ear canal
inflammation, redness,
and swelling of canal
structures.
Length of Life Cycle = 20 to 35 Days
TICKS
TICKS
Normal canine skin.

Dogs normally have low
numbers of mites.
Normal feline ear

anatomy
MITES
MITES
Ear mites may be found on

body sites other than the ear
canal. Animals become
infested by passive contact
with infested animals.
26
The entire life cycle of the

Demodex mite occurs on the host.
Mites are acquired by puppies
through intimate contact with their
infested mother.
27
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 28
CHEYLETIELLA MITES
SARCOPTES MITES
Cheyletiella yasguri, Cheyletiella blakei, and Cheyletiella parasitovorax
Cheyletiella mites live on

the surface of the skin
where they feed and
reproduce. The mites are
contagious to other
animals and can survive
in the environment.
SARCOPTES MITE*
Adult Cheyletiella mite
Sarcoptes mites tunnel

in the skin causing
intense itching.
Adult Sarcoptes mite

All developmental stages
occur on the same host.
Length of Life Cycle = 17 to 21 Days
CHEYLETIELLA MITES*
Sarcoptes scabiei
FLEAS
FLEAS
Normal canine skin
Normal canine skin

TICKS
TICKS
Cheyletiella mite infestation
produces hair loss, dull
coat, and dandruff.
MITES
MITES
28
* Cheyletiella may cause papular eruptions in

humans. They do not reproduce on humans.
Sarcoptes lesions often start

on the elbows and ear
margins. The disease is
highly contagious to other
dogs, cats, or humans.
* Sarcoptes may produce severe transient pruritis in

humans but disease is usually self-limiting.
29
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 30
CANINE INTERNAL ORGANS
FELINE INTERNAL ORGANS
Large Intestine
Kidneys
FELINE INTERNAL ORGANS
CANINE INTERNAL ORGANS
Kidneys
Trachea
Esophagus
Large Intestine
Small
Intestine
Trachea
Lungs
Esophagus
Small Intestine
Heart
30
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Lungs
Heart
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
31
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 32
UNDER THE MICROParasites Found in Blood
34
Dirofilaria immitis
Parasites Found in Feces
35
Alaria canis
Aleurostrongylus abstrusus
36
Ancylostoma spp.
37
Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophila

Eucoleus (Capillaria) boehmi
Dipylidium caninum
38
Giardia spp.
39
Isospora canis
Isospora ohioensis
Isospora felis
Isospora rivolta
Neospora caninum
Paragonimus kellicotti
40
Physaloptera spp.
Sarcocystis spp.
Spirometra mansonoides
41
Strongoloides stercoralis
Taenia spp.
42
Toxascaris leonina
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
43
Toxoplasma gondii
Trichuris vulpis
Parasites Found in Urine
44
Pearsonema (Capillaria) feliscati

Pearsonema (Cappilaria) plica
Pseudoparasites
45
Pseudoparasites
The egg of Toxocara canis is placed beside each parasite for scale.
33
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 34
PARASITES FOUND IN BLOOD

Alaria canis
Adult male heartworm with corkscrew-like tail is in center; adult female is on outside.
Egg of Alaria canis
Aleurostrongylus abstrusus
Close-up of tail of
A. abstrusus
Dirofilaria immitis
PARASITES FOUND IN FECES
Single microfilaria of D. immitis (Difil Filter Test)
First-stage larva of Aleurostrongylus abstrusus
Microfilaria of D. immitis (Difil Filter Test)
Anterior ends of microfilaria of Dipetalonema

reconditum (left) and D. immitis (Modified Knott
Test)
34
35
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 36
Ancylostoma spp.

Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophila
The egg of Ancylostoma caninum
The egg of Uncinaria stenocephala
The egg of A. caninum; oocysts of

Isospora canis
Egg of Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophila
(respiratory tract)
Eucoleus (Capillaria) boehmi

The egg of Ancylostoma braziliense
The egg of Ancylostoma tubaeforme
Surface of egg
of Eucoleus
(Capillaria)
boehmi
Egg of Eucoleus (Capillaria) boehmi
(nasopharynx)
Eggs of A. caninum and T. vulpis
Fecal flotation preparation
containing eggs of A. caninum,
T. vulpis, U. stenocephala, and
Eucoleus (Capillaria) spp.
Dipylidium caninum
A. caninum
T. vulpis
U. stenocephala
Dipylidium caninum egg packet

containing numerous eggs
Eucoleus (Capillaria) spp.
36
37
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 38

Isospora canis
Isospora felis
Isospora felis, Isospora rivolta
Oocysts of Isospora canis (left),

I. ohioensis (top), and egg of T.
canis
Oocysts of Isospora felis
Oocysts of Isospora felis (larger) and

Isospora rivolta (smaller)
Oocysts of
Isospora felis
(smaller),
and egg of
Toxocara cati
Cysts of Giardia spp. (zinc sulfate flotation, iodine stain)
Giardia spp.
Neospora caninum
Oocysts of
Neospora caninum
(arrows)
Close-up of cysts of Giardia spp. (zinc sulfate flotation, iodine stain)
Paragonimus kellicoti
Cyst of Giardia spp. (Sheathers sucrose

flotation)
Stained trophozoite of
Giardia spp. (fecal
smear)
Egg of the lung fluke Paragonimus kellicoti
38
39
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 40
Strongyloides stercoralis
Anterior end of
Strongyloides
stercoralis
Egg of Physaloptera spp.
First-stage larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis
Sarcocystis spp.
Physaloptera spp.
Taenia spp.
Sporocytes of Sarcocystis spp.
Spirometra mansonoides
Egg of Taenia spp. Eggs of Echinococcus spp. are

similar, and thus are not easily differentiated from
those of Taenia spp.
Ruptured egg of Taenia spp.
Note the exposed
hexacanth embryo.
Egg of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides
40
41
5/28/04
11:35 AM
Page 42
Toxascaris leonina

Toxoplasma gondii
Egg of Toxascaris leonina
Toxocara canis
Oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii
Trichuris vulpis
Eggs of Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Surface of egg of
Toxocara cati
Egg of Trichuris vulpis
Egg of Toxocara cati
Eggs of
Toxocara canis,
Toxascaris leonina,
and Ancylostoma
caninum
42
43
5/28/04
11:36 AM
Page 44
PARASITES FOUND IN URINE
PSEUDOPARASITES
Egg of Pearsonema (Capillaria) feliscati
Surface of egg
of Pearsonema
(Capillaria)
feliscati
Egg of Pearsonema (Capillaria) plica
Soil fungusCommon fecal

pseudoparasite
Hair, air bubble, and flea egg

fecal pseudoparasites
Tree pollen fecal pseudoparasite
Egg of rodent tapeworm

appears in feces as result of predation
Mite eggfecal pseudoparasite
Grain mite and air bubble

fecal pseudoparasites
Sporocysts of Monocystis or
Rhyncocystis (earthworm
parasites)appears in feces as
result of ingestion
Pine pollen fecal pseudoparasite
Yeastfecal pseudoparasite
Pearsonema (Capillaria) feliscati
Plant hair fecal pseudoparasite

44
45

Pfizer Parasite Atlas

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Pfizer Parasite Atlas

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

Michael W. Dryden, DVM, PhD

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

INTERNAL ORGANS (Canine & Feline) 3 0 - 3 1

UNDER THE MICROSCOPE

3445 ............Photographic aids to identifying common parasites and

All photographs courtesy of Byron L. Blagburn, MS, PhD

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

A mosquito becomes a heartworm

CANINE HEARTWORM INFECTION

Dog heart infected with

Normal dog heart

Length of Life Cycle = Approximately 6 Months

Adult heartworms live in

* Although rare, humans may develop

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

A mosquito becomes a heartworm

FELINE HEARTWORM INFECTION

Length of Life Cycle = Approximately 8 Months

Cat heart and lungs

Feline heart and lungs infected

* Although rare, humans may develop

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

Ancylostoma caninum,* Ancylostoma braziliense,* and Ancylostoma tubaeforme*

Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense, and Ancylostoma tubaeforme

Larvae mature to adult hookworms that

* The life cycles for A. tubaeforme and A. braziliense are

Infective larvae are ingested or penetrate the skin

Eggs hatch and larvae

Following ingestion of infective

Length of Life Cycle = 3 to 4 Weeks

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

Infective eggs hatch to

Length of Life Cycle = 3 Months

The dog ingests

Infective larvae develop in 2

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

Toxocara canis*, Toxocara cati*, and Toxascaris leonina*

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina

Adult roundworms live

Eggs are passed

The transport hosts

The hosts ingest the infective eggs or the

Infective eggs develop in the environment:

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

DIPYLIDIUM TAPEWORM INFECTION

Tapeworm larvae within the flea

Fleas are ingested

Length of Life Cycle = Approximately 3 Weeks

Eggs are ingested

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

TAENIA TAPEWORM INFECTION

Adult tapeworms develop

The host becomes

The eggs develop to

Length of Life Cycle = 7 to 8 Weeks

Eggs are released from

Pfz Parasite Atlas FNL.qxd

Length of Life Cycle = 1 Week

Trophozoites attach to the

23 Brown Dog Ticks

Infective cysts are present in the environment.

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina*