TLIA3107C

TLIA3107C
Consolidate
freight
Learner Guide
Contents
What this Learner’s Guide is about ........................................ 1
Plan your learning .................................................................. 2
How will you be assessed? .................................................... 4
Section 1 Assess scope to consolidate freight .............................. 8

How do I assess capability of different transport modes
available to the organisation against the proposed tasks? .. 11
How do I evaluate individual consignment loads to identify
relevant information needed to combine or consolidate freight?
............................................................................................. 13
How do I analyse information to determine where opportunities
for freight consolidation exist?.............................................. 16
How do I make sure packaging requirements for consolidated
cargo conform to regulatory requirements? ......................... 19
How do I ensure procedures for the loading of cargo are
planned in accordance with established industry practice and
Australian Dangerous Goods (ADG) Code? ........................ 22
How do I calculate proposed volumes and dimensions of
proposed consolidation? ...................................................... 26
How do I match proposed consolidation against operational
capacity and capability of carrier?........................................ 28
Section 2 Prepare consignment documentation .......................... 31

How do I prepare consignment documentation for consolidated
cargo? .................................................................................. 34
How do I ensure labelling and marking requirements of cargo
are documented in accordance with domestic and international
regulations, ADG Code and workplace requirements? ........ 37
How do I complete and file/store consignment documentation in
accordance with workplace procedures including dangerous
goods declaration, where applicable?.................................. 40
How do I consolidate freight taking into account segregation
requirements for dangerous goods if applicable? ................ 42
Additional resources....................................................................... 44
Feedback on activities .................................................................... 47

TLIA3107C Consolidate freight
What this Learner’s Guide is about
This Learner’s Guide is about the skills and knowledge required to
consolidate freight including assessing the scope to consolidate
freight, combining or consolidating multiple shipments of products
into higher volume shipments, and the related preparation of
consignment documentation.
The unit of competency TLIA3107C Consolidate freight is from the
Transport and Distribution Training Package (TLI07). It has a number of
elements of competency that are covered in this guide. These are:
• Assess scope to consolidate freight.
• Prepare consignment documentation.
© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 1

Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L May 2008 ADELG1025
Plan your learning
It is important to plan your learning before you start because you may
already have some of the knowledge and skills that are covered in this
Learner’s Guide. This might be because:
• you have been working in the industry for some time,
and/or
• you have already completed training in this area.
Together with your supervisor or trainer, use the checklist on the
following pages to help you plan your study program. Your answers to
the questions in the checklist will help you work out which sections of
this Learner’s Guide you need to complete.
This Learner’s Guide is written with the idea that learning is made more
relevant when you, the learner, are actually working in the industry.
This means that you will have people within your enterprise who can
show you things, discuss how things are done and answer any
questions you have. Also you can practise what you learn and see how
what you learn is applied in the enterprise.
If you are working through this Learner’s Guide and have not yet found
a job in the industry, you will need to talk to your trainer about doing
work experience or working and learning in some sort of simulated
workplace.
Page 2 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

ADELG1025 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Edcuation P/L May 2008
Section 1: Assess scope to consolidate freight
Are you able to: Yes No

1. Assess capability of different transport
modes available to the organisation
against the proposed tasks?
2. Evaluate individual consignment loads to
identify relevant information needed to
combine or consolidate freight?
3. Analyse information to determine where
opportunities for freight consolidation
exist?
4. Make sure packaging requirements for
consolidated cargo conform to regulatory
requirements?
5. Ensure procedures for the loading of cargo
are planned in accordance with established
industry practice and Australian Dangerous
Goods (ADG) Code?
6. Calculate proposed volumes and
dimensions of proposed consolidation?
7. Match proposed consolidation against
operational capacity and capability of
carrier?
Section 2: Prepare consignment documentation
Are you able to: Yes No

1. Prepare consignment documentation for
consolidated cargo?
2. Ensure labelling and marking requirements
of cargo are documented in accordance
with domestic and international
regulations, ADG Code and workplace
requirements?
3. Complete and file/store consignment
documentation in accordance with
workplace procedures including

dangerous goods declaration, where

applicable?
4. Consolidate freight taking into account
segregation requirements for dangerous
goods if applicable?
How will you be assessed?
Assessment of this unit of competency will include observation of real
or simulated work processes using workplace procedures and
questioning on underpinning knowledge and skills. It must be
demonstrated in an actual or simulated work situation under
supervision.
You will be required to demonstrate that you can:

• assess capability of different transport modes available to
the organisation against the proposed tasks
• evaluate individual consignment loads to identify relevant
information needed to combine or consolidate freight
• analyse information to determine where opportunities for
freight consolidation exist
• make sure packaging requirements for consolidated cargo
conform to regulatory requirements
• ensure procedures for the loading of cargo are planned in
accordance with established industry practice and
Australian Dangerous Goods (ADG) Code
• calculate proposed volumes and dimensions of proposed
consolidation
• match proposed consolidation against operational
capacity and capability of carrier
• prepare consignment documentation for consolidated
cargo
• ensure labelling and marking requirements of cargo are
documented in accordance with domestic and
international regulations, ADG Code and workplace
requirements
• complete and file/store consignment documentation in
accordance with workplace procedures including
dangerous goods declaration, where applicable

• consolidate freight taking into account segregation

requirements for dangerous goods if applicable.

TDTA3198B Consolidate freight

Section 1 Assess scope

to consolidate freight

Section outline
Areas covered in this section are:
• assess capability of different transport modes available to
the organisation against the proposed tasks
• evaluate individual consignment loads to identify relevant
information needed to combine or consolidate freight
• analyse information to determine where opportunities for
freight consolidation exist
• make sure packaging requirements for consolidated cargo
conform to regulatory requirements
• ensure procedures for the loading of cargo are planned in
accordance with established industry practice and
• calculate proposed volumes and dimensions of proposed
consolidation
• match proposed consolidation against operational
capacity and capability of carrier.


How do I assess capability of different transport

modes available to the organisation against the
proposed tasks?
Different transport modes will be better suited to some types of
cargo. For instance some dangerous goods cannot be transported by
air because of their unstable nature. Obviously if a substance is too
dangerous to be carried on an aircraft another type of transport will
have to be arranged.
The mode of transport is also determined by the measurements and
weight of the load. If the freight is too heavy or bulky you will have no
choice but to ship it by sea, rail or truck if you wish to send it all in one
go.
The amount of time that a customer can have their goods in transport
for is also a factor when deciding on the type the transport mode. If
you transport something by air it can be in most places around the
world in a day. But transport by sea or land can take weeks. It depends
on the requirements of the customer and if their goods have a sense
of urgency surrounding them. In almost all cases air freight is the most
expensive option. Each customer needs to weigh up the costs against
the need to get products quickly to their destination.

Activity 1: Assess capability of different transport modes

available to the organisation against the proposed tasks
What type of transport mode would you suggest for the following
time-‐frames and weight of the goods to be transported? Land, sea or
air?
New York 4 days – 220kg _____________________________________
London in 4 weeks – 1000kg __________________________________
Nearest Capital City in 7 days – 780kg ___________________________
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.

How do I evaluate individual consignment loads

to identify relevant information needed to
combine or consolidate freight?
When you consolidate freight you undertake the transportation of
small shipments and put them with other freight to use all the space
you have booked. If you have left over space that is not being used
then it is a waste of money. To be cost effective you must assemble
goods and put them together in the same shipment. This gives a
customer a better rate because the cost of the space is offset by other
customers.
To consolidate freight you need to know the volume of the space
booked for transportation and the volume of the goods to be
transported. You will need to calculate the suitability of the two so you
can get optimum use from the space and know exactly how much is to
be used.
You must have the measurements of the carrier space before
attempting to consolidate anything. It will all hinge on the space that is
available for transportation. Next you must have an accurate
assessment of the customer’s goods. You must find out the:
• type of goods
• size of packaging
• weight
• dimensions
• departure location
• destination.
This will give you a clear indication of what you will be able to fit in and
how to best go about it. You must have worked out what order the
loads are to be packed so they can be loaded and unloaded efficiently.
They must be sorted and separated by someone when they reach their
destination.
It is important to understand the types of goods that can be safely
consolidated together for transport. Certain hazardous materials
cannot be put together and can be highly dangerous if combined. You
must refer to legislation on transporting dangerous goods and

hazardous materials before making a decision about what can be

consolidated together for transportation.
Activity 2: Evaluate individual consignment loads to identify
relevant information needed to combine or consolidate freight
During your daily work activities attend to a customer and use the
following checklist and space below to make sure you find out the
details of a customer’s freight to see if you could consolidate it with
another load.
Tick box when you have the appropriate information 

Type of goods
Size of packaging
Weight
Dimensions
Departure location
Destination
Special requirements (eg. refrigeration)
Type of goods ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Size of packaging ____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Weight _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Dimensions ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Departure location ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Destination ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Special requirements _________________________________________________

There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide

How do I analyse information to determine

where opportunities for freight consolidation
exist?
Once you have found out all you need to know about individual
customer loads, before you can consolidate them together you should
look at whether they are compatible to be transported together. Some
goods are not designed to travel with others. This is governed by strict
regulations when it comes to dangerous goods and hazardous
materials. When assessing the load it must be smaller than the
measurements of the freight space which is booked to warrant any
opportunity of freight consolidation.
If they are acceptable to travel together the main thing to analyse is
the space and weight restrictions on the carrier you intend to use. For
example if you book an area that is too big for a load that you want
taken by aeroplane you can add more only if it does not exceed the
weight restrictions. Whereas on a ship designed for sea freight the
weight tolerance will be a lot more.
If you are using a container to place your goods in for transport you
must take into account its weight also. For example if the payload
limitation is 20,000kg and the weight of a cargo container is 2,000 kg
then the weight of the freight could not exceed 18,000kg, which
equals the 20,000kg weight limitation of the container.

Activity 3: Analyse information to determine where

opportunities for freight consolidation exist
Joe has space left in a shipping container and has the opportunity to
consolidate freight to fill it up. The shipping container has an 11,000kg
capacity and weighs 1125kg. The first load weighs 6000kg. Circle the
other loads Jo could consolidate with from the choices below. Hint:
There is more than one answer.
A. 3875kg
B. 4025kg
C. 2175kg + 1700kg
D. 3925kg
Joe has a load that is booked to be air freighted to Europe. He has
another load that it could be consolidated with almost perfectly so
both will get to their destinations on time so each customer will be
satisfied. He knows that one of them is classified as dangerous goods
but doesn’t have time to check the other one and decides to send
them anyway. What could be the consequences of his actions? Record
you answer below.

What steps should Joe have taken to check the second load?

How do I make sure packaging requirements for

consolidated cargo conform to regulatory
requirements?
Packaging is an essential component in the safe transport of
dangerous goods. The type of packaging and the way it is used is very
important. It must keep the consolidated load safe and secure in
transport and protect it during loading and unloading. When packing
goods that are not dangerous or hazardous the packaging used will
need to protect them during transportation and be secure enough to
avoid unrestrictive movement. You should be aware of the demands
that exporting puts on a package.
The four problems listed below must be kept in mind when packaging
goods for transportation.
1. Breakage
During transport, goods may be stacked on top of one another or
come into forceful contact with other goods. Overseas, handling
facilities may be less sophisticated than in Australia. Cargo can
sometimes be treated very roughly and be dragged, pushed, rolled, or
dropped during unloading, while moving through customs, or in transit
to the destination.
2. Weight
Normally, air shipments require less heavy packing than ocean
shipments, but they must still be adequately protected. Because
transportation costs are determined by dimensions and weight, special
reinforced and lightweight packing materials have been devised for
exporting. Care in packing goods to minimize dimensions and weight
while giving strength may well save money while ensuring that goods
are properly protected.
3. Moisture
There are many ways moisture can affect freight. It can discolour
goods, ruin electrical circuits, cause mould to grow and render a
product useless. It can get into goods at different stages such as:
• during loading and unloading
• during transport caused by condensation in cargo holds
and containers
• rough sea conditions causing water spray

• moisture present before packing.
To avoid moisture gaining access to goods they need to be packed
correctly to waterproof them whilst first making sure that no water or
dampness is present.
4. Theft
Packaging can also help against the possibility of theft occurring.
Because the goods must pass through so many different hands to
reach their destination there is always the chance of dishonesty. You
can make it harder to steal goods by packaging them securely and
therefore reducing the incident of theft.
5. Packaging
Packing requirements apply in almost all circumstances to ensure the
safety of dangerous goods in transport. The packing instructions
normally require the use of United Nations (UN) performance-‐tested
specification packagings. When dangerous goods are in limited
quantities these may not be required.
There are a number of packaging suppliers in Australia who can
provide UN specification packaging. Selecting packaging to contain
dangerous goods for a number of small packages inside larger
packaging is not as simple as just choosing a box off a shelf. The
regulations generally require packaging and dangerous goods to be
tested to establish if they are safe to be transported together. There
are exceptions to this general rule. You should always ask experts for
advice if in doubt.

Activity 4: Make sure packaging requirements for

consolidated cargo conform to regulatory requirements
Breakage is an important factor to keep in mind when deciding on
which packaging to use to protect goods. What are another three? List
them below.
Regulations for the packaging requirements of dangerous goods and

hazardous materials are very strict. Ask your manager or supervisor to
show you how to access the United Nation specifications for
packaging dangerous goods.
Record in the space provided the steps you take to access this
information.

How do I ensure procedures for the loading of

cargo are planned in accordance with
established industry practice and Australian
Dangerous Goods (ADG) Code?
Correct packaging and documentation for consignments of dangerous

goods is essential so that those engaged in the transport and handling
are not exposed to risk. For this reason declarations in accordance
with the legal requirements should be entrusted to people who know
what they are doing within your organisation. The personnel engaged
in the packing of dangerous goods and the preparation of
documentation should be competent to perform these tasks
accurately and efficiently.
After dangerous goods have been packed, the packages are marked
with essential information, including:
• the proper shipping name
• the UN number
• labels depicting all the potential hazards.
This is to ensure packages containing dangerous goods can be
recognised and warning given of the potential hazards without just
relying on the information from accompanying documents. There is a
dangerous goods transport document which accompanies most
consignments to provide detailed information about the goods so
there is a separate means of identifying the contents of packages.
For the ease of identifying dangerous goods, the international

community has created a classification system.
There is a label for each classification to categorise the nature of the
hazard. These labels are required to be secured to the outside of the
package for transport and must remain while it is in transit. Examples
of these are illustrated below:

Class 1 Explosives -‐ explosive substances, explosive articles,

pyrotechnic devices. Includes ammunition, fireworks, detonators
and so on.
Class 2 Gases -‐ transported as either compressed, liquefied,

refrigerated liquefied or gas in solution. Includes aerosols.
Class 3 Flammable liquids -‐ includes liquids with a boiling point of
35 degrees C or less or a flash point of 60.5 degrees C or less.
Examples are petrol, alcohol and so on.

Activity 5: Ensure procedures for the loading of cargo are

planned in accordance with established industry practice and
After dangerous goods have been packed, you need to ensure they are
marked with essential information for transport to ensure their safe
handling. List the essential information below.
In your workplace locate a copy of the classifications of dangerous

goods. Write down the name of five of the classifications below.

For the ease of identifying dangerous goods, the international

community has created a classification system. These labels are
required to be secured to the outside of the package for transport and
must remain while it is in transit. How do you ensure that these labels
are attached?

How do I calculate proposed volumes and

dimensions of proposed consolidation?
To calculate whether a consolidated load will fit in the space of a
carrier you will need to pay particular attention to the mass and
volume.
The mass generally refers to the weight of something whilst the
volume refers to how big an object is or the area it takes up.
• Mass is measured in tonnes, kilograms, grams and so on.
• Volume is measured in cubic metres, cubic centimetres
and so on. (To calculate volume you multiply length x
width x height.)
You must have the measurements of these for the consolidated load
and compare it to the space and weight limitations that are permitted
on the carrier that you intend to use. To obtain the measurements of
the consolidated load you must take the measurements of each
individual package and simply add them together. Your organisation
should have specific details on how to obtain the mass and volume for
goods and the method you should use to add them together. For
example you may need to factor in space and packaging between
different types of goods or your organisation may have a database of
measurements for common things that have been forwarded in the
past.

Activity 6: Calculate proposed volumes and dimensions of

proposed consolidation
Estimate the volume of a motorcycle given the following information.
The height of the bike at its highest point (the handlebars) is 1.10m.
The total length of the bike is exactly 2.0m and the width of the bike at
its widest part is 0.75m.
How big would the load be if you had to consolidate it with a car that is
1.5m in height? The total length is 3.7m and the width of the car at its
widest part is 2m.

Record your answer below.
There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide

How do I match proposed consolidation against

operational capacity and capability of carrier?
Most measurements for freight forwarding use the dimensions of

volume and mass. To match a consolidation of goods you will be
required to know what the operational capacity and capability of the
carrier is.
There is no point putting together freight that needs to arrive at
different times, doesn’t quite fit or exceeds weight limits. Near enough
is not good enough when it comes to consolidating cargo. For
example, if you are using a shipping container you will need to know
the size and weight it can hold and what the volume of the
consolidated load is to see if the two can match. If you have a certain
amount of space in the cargo hold of an aircraft booked there is no
point consolidating a load that will exceed weight restrictions even if it
is the correct dimensions. Your aim is to make a comparison of the
space allocated for transport and the space that the consolidated load
will occupy taking into account all of the restrictions and requirements
of the transport mode. You should be aware of:
• time in transport
• arrival date
• weight of load
• dimensions or area of load
• weight restrictions of carrier
• dimension restrictions of carrier
• dangerous goods regulations
• cost.
Dangerous goods are a primary when deciding the mode of transport
that can be used. When dealing with aircraft there are certain factors
that you must take into account. In general, dangerous goods are
divided into various classes and divisions according to the hazard they
present. These include:
• too dangerous ever to be transported on an aircraft
• forbidden in normal circumstances but may be carried
with the permission of the aviation regulator and subject
to strict conditions being met
• restricted to transport only on cargo aircraft
• can be transported on either passenger or cargo aircraft.

Air travel introduces a change of environment for your dangerous

goods. Three changes that these items can be subject to are:
Temperature
The effect of a rise in temperature is that the contents of a package
filled at low temperature can expand in volume, causing the discharge
of any liquid contents or the bursting of packages with gaseous
contents. Temperature can vary from minus 40 to plus 55 degrees
Celsius.
Pressure
Atmospheric pressure variations in flight range from sea level where
normal pressures exist to a lesser pressure of about only 2/3 of that
experienced at sea level. The pressure reduction can result in liquid
and gaseous contents bursting out of their containers into the hold of
the aircraft. This can be very messy and very dangerous if it is
flammable.
Vibration
Vibration can cause something to become unstable by altering its
properties when it is shaken. It can cause the expansion of liquid and
gas causing it to rupture or burst its container. This can be very messy
and very dangerous if it is flammable.

Activity 7: Match proposed consolidation against operational

When consolidating freight you need to take into account a range of
factors. You cannot put together freight that needs to arrive at
different times, doesn’t quite fit or exceeds weight limits just to try
and save on costs. What are the things that you need to be aware of
when matching proposed consolidation and the characteristics of the
carrier? List them below.

Section 2 Prepare
consignment
documentation

Section outline
Areas covered in this section are:

• prepare consignment documentation for consolidated
cargo
• ensure labelling and marking requirements of cargo are
documented in accordance with domestic and
international regulations, ADG Code and workplace
requirements
• complete and file/store consignment documentation in
accordance with workplace procedures including
dangerous goods declaration, where applicable
• consolidate freight taking into account segregation
requirements for dangerous goods if applicable.


How do I prepare consignment documentation

for consolidated cargo?
Freight forwarders must deal with a huge amount of documentation

The following documents are commonly used in exporting; which of
them are actually used in each case depends on the requirements of
both the Australian government and the government of the importing
country.
Commercial invoice. The commercial invoice is a bill for the goods
from the buyer to the seller. A commercial invoice should include basic
information about the transaction, including a description of the
goods, the address of the shipper and seller, and the delivery and
payment terms. The buyer needs the invoice to prove ownership and
to arrange payment. Some governments use the commercial invoice to
assess customs duties.
Bill of lading. A bill of lading is a contract between the owner of the
goods and the carrier. There are two types. A straight bill of lading is
nonnegotiable. A negotiable or shipper's order bill of lading can be
bought, sold, or traded while goods are in transit and is used for letter-‐
of-‐credit transactions. The customer usually needs the original or a
copy as proof of ownership to take possession of the goods.
Consular invoice. Certain nations require a consular invoice, which is

used to control and identify goods. The invoice must be purchased
from the consulate of the country to which the goods are being
shipped and usually must be prepared in the language of that country.
Certificate of origin. Certain nations require a signed statement as to
the origin of the export item. Such certificates are usually obtained
through a semi-‐official organisation such as a local chamber of
commerce. A certificate may be required even though the commercial
invoice contains the information.
Inspection certification. Some purchasers and countries may require a

certificate of inspection attesting to the specifications of the goods
shipped, usually performed by a third party. Inspection certificates are
often obtained from independent testing organisations.
Dock receipt and warehouse receipt. These receipts are used to
transfer accountability when the export item is moved to the port and
left with the international carrier for export.
Destination control statement. This statement appears on the

commercial invoice and ocean or air waybill of lading to notify the

carrier and all foreign parties that the item may be exported only to
certain destinations.
Insurance certificate. If the seller provides insurance, the insurance

certificate states the type and amount of coverage.
Export license. A license to export goods which is not always required
depending on the types of goods being exported. For example you will
require a licence to export livestock, tobacco, weapons and so on.
Export packing list. Considerably more detailed and informative than a

standard domestic packing list, an export packing list itemises the
material in each individual package and indicates the type of package:
box, crate, drum, carton, and so on. It shows the individual net, legal,
tare, and gross weights and measurements for each package. Package
markings should be shown along with the shipper's and buyer's
references. The packing list should be attached to the outside of a
package in a waterproof pouch. The list is used by the shipper or
forwarding agent to determine:
• the total shipment weight and volume
• whether the correct cargo is being shipped.
In addition, customs officials (both local and foreign) may use the list
to check the cargo.
Documentation must be precise. Slight discrepancies or omissions

may prevent merchandise from being exported, result in exporting
firms not getting paid, or even result in the seizure of the exporter's
goods by local or foreign government customs. Collection documents
are subject to precise time limits and may not be honored by a bank if
out of date. Much of the documentation is routine for freight
forwarders but the exporter is ultimately responsible for the accuracy
of the documentation.

Activity 8: Prepare consignment documentation for

consolidated cargo
Being a freight forwarder involves you to handle a formidable amount

of documentation which exporting requires. It is important that as a
freight forwarder you completely understand the process involved.
Get your manager or supervisor to show you how to complete all the
documentation required for a regular job that involves consolidating
freight.
Ensure you spend the time to become confident and concise so you
can complete all documentation competently. Check with your
supervisor or manager that you are doing it correctly.

How do I ensure labelling and marking

requirements of cargo are documented in
accordance with domestic and international
regulations, ADG Code and workplace
requirements?
Specific marking and labelling is used on export cartons and containers
to:
• meet shipping regulations
• ensure proper handling
• prevent risk potentially caused by the contents
• help receivers identify shipments.
The overseas buyer usually specifies export marks that should appear
on the cargo for easy identification by receivers. Many markings may
be needed for shipment. Exporters need to put the following markings
on cartons to be shipped:
• Shipper's mark.
• Country of origin.
• Weight marking (pounds and kilograms).
• Number of packages and size of cases (in inches and
centimetres).
• Handling and cautionary markings, such as "This Side Up"
or "Use No Hooks", in English and in the language of the
country of destination (example of international symbols
below).

• Port of entry.
• Labels for hazardous materials (universal symbols).
Legibility is extremely important to prevent misunderstandings and

delays with transportation. Letters are generally stencilled onto
packages and containers in waterproof ink. Markings should appear on
three faces of the container, preferably on the top and on the two
ends or the two sides. Old markings must be completely removed.

In addition to port marks, customer identification code, and indication

of origin, the marks should include the package:
• number
• gross and net weights
• dimensions.
If more than one package is being shipped, the total number of
packages in the shipment should be included in the markings.
Exporters may find that customs regulations regarding freight labelling
are strictly enforced. For example, most countries require that the
country of origin be clearly labelled on each imported package.
Below is an example of how the markings on a typical box should look:
Figure 1: Required markings on a box to be exported from the United States of
America to Spain

Activity 9: Labelling and marking requirements of cargo are

documented in accordance with domestic and international
regulations, ADG Code and workplace requirements
Attention to detail is a major issue when forwarding freight.

Everything must be meticulously checked so no mistakes are made on
the documentation, the labelling and marking of the freight packaging.
Consider the following scenario and help Winston out with what he
forgot to include.
Winston was forwarding a small consolidated load of glasses and

pottery to Africa using air freight. He had everything in order so it
would leave the warehouse in the morning to be on the plane that
night. He had placed on the carton the following.
• Shipper's mark.
• Country of origin (exporters’ country).
• Weight marking (in pounds and in kilograms).
• Number of packages and size of cases (in inches and centimetres).
• Port of entry.
When it arrived the customer rang very angry, explaining that a lot of
the goods had broken. Winston couldn’t see how this would have
happened. Looking at the list above what do you think he missed out
labelling on the box? Record you answer below.

How do I complete and file/store consignment

documentation in accordance with workplace
procedures including dangerous goods
declaration, where applicable?
There is a large amount of documentation that needs to be completed
for the forwarding of freight to take place. Accuracy is the key when
completing such documentation. Even the slightest discrepancy can
hold up the transportation process. When filling in documentation you
must pay close attention to detail using all the information available
about the goods to be transported and be honest at all times. If you
miss out on things such as declaring all the types of dangerous goods
then you will be putting lives at risk.
An accurate record must be kept of all documentation for future
reference and as a back-‐up copy if required. When filing and storing
such documentation you must follow your workplace policy and
procedures. Use a methodical approach and do not have the attitude
that you will get to it later. Keeping all records in order is an essential
requirement of being a freight forwarder.

Activity 10: Complete and file/store documentation
Get your manager or supervisor to demonstrate to you the workplace
requirements for storing documentation. Record below where they
are to be stored.

How do I consolidate freight taking into account

segregation requirements for dangerous goods
if applicable?
Packaging and shipping goods is regulated by Australian and

International law. There are rules governing what goods can travel
together and what needs to be separated for transport. Specific goods
are banned from travelling collectively because they can endanger
other goods and even life. That is why all items sent for transport need
to be properly labelled to ensure that the regulations are correctly
followed. Below is a real example of what can happen when the
regulations are ignored.
Undeclared dangerous goods described as "laundry products" almost

caused the loss of a passenger aircraft. Loaded for only 2 hours they
ruptured from their packaging. When the time the aircraft landed the
floor had already started to sag from the heat generated by a fire. It
was caused by a mixture of a liquid hydrogen oxidiser, and only about
12 kg of a corrosive solid. The goods were not declared as dangerous
goods and had no labels or orientation markings on the package.
When it was loaded on its side in the cargo hold the liquid leaked onto
the corrosive solid causing a very hot fire. It was estimated by aircraft
accident investigators that the aircraft could have broken in two within
another 10-‐15 minutes.
From the example above it is obviously very important that you follow
regulations when consolidating different goods together. Complete
the following activity to access these regulations.

Activity 11: Consolidate freight taking into account

segregation requirements
Ask your manager or supervisor to show you how to access the
regulations and requirements that you will have to take into account
when consolidating goods to determine what can be transported
together. Record at least three things that need to be segregated for
transportation.

Additional
resources

ADELG1025 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L May 2008

The websites, organisations and resources listed below provide more

information on topics relevant to unit TDTA3198B Consolidate freight.
Websites
• Australian Customs Service
http://www.customs.gov.au
Information for freight forwarders and the requirements
they need to following to clear exports
• Australian Maritime Authority

http://www.amsa.gov.au
• Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development &

Local Government
http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/transport/index.aspx
• Civil Aviation Authority

http://casa.gov.au/dg/
Dangerous goods by air
• Chamber of Commerce and Industry – Western Australia

http://www.cciwa.com/default.aspx?MenuID=204
Doing international trade business in Australia
• Australian Customs Service

http://www.customs.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=422
Customs guides to importing and exporting
• Food exporters guide to government services

http://www.nfis.com.au/dmdocuments/food_exporters_guide.pdf
• Australian Government – Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and

forestry
http://www.affa.gov.au
Quarantine and export services

Feedback on activities
The responses provided in this section are suggested responses. Because
every workplace is different, your responses may vary according to your
specific workplace procedures, the equipment available and the nature of the
business.

Activity 1: Assess capability of different transport modes available

to the organisation against the proposed tasks
Cost is a factor when looking at the time-‐frame that a delivery must be made
within. The benefits of a shorter time period for transport must be weighed
off on the cost. The following are examples of the type of transport modes
you would have to use to ensure the delivery of goods within the required
time-‐frame.
New York 4 days – 220kg – Air freight
London in 4 weeks – 1000kg – Sea Freight
Nearest Capital City in 7 days – Either rail or truck
Activity 2: Evaluate individual consignment loads to identify

relevant information needed to combine or consolidate freight
You will need to pay close attention to make sure that you obtain all the
details so you can estimate if certain freight can be consolidated with others.
Having a list of all the details you are required to find out in front of you will
make the task easier so you don’t forget any of them.
Activity 3: Analyse information to determine where opportunities

for freight consolidation exist
The answers that you should circle is A. and B. The difference is 3875kg.
Joe should find out precisely what the two loads consist of. You should never
consolidate dangerous goods unless you have analysed information to
determine whether they are safe to be transported together. The
consequences of Joe’s actions could put lives in danger and cause damage to
the freight.
Activity 4: Make sure packaging requirements for consolidated

cargo conform to regulatory requirements
Other factors to keep in mind beside breakage when packaging goods is:
• weight
• moisture

• theft.
Activity 5: Ensure procedures for the loading of cargo are planned

in accordance with established industry practice and Australian
Dangerous Goods (ADG) Code
After dangerous goods have been packed, you need to ensure they are
marked with essential information which includes:
• the proper shipping name
• the UN number
• labels depicting all the potential hazards of the contents are affixed.
The classification of dangerous goods include the following:
• Class 1 Explosives -‐ explosive substances, explosive articles, pyrotechnic

devices. Includes ammunition, fireworks, detonators and so on.
• Class 2 Gases -‐ transported as either compressed, liquefied, refrigerated
liquefied or gas in solution. Includes aerosols. This class has three
divisions:
– Division 2.1 -‐ flammable gases (butane, propane)
– Division 2.2 -‐ non-‐flammable, non-‐toxic gases (oxygen, liquid nitrogen,

compressed air)
– Division 2.3 -‐ toxic gases (chlorine, coal gas).
• Class 3 Flammable liquids -‐ includes liquids with a boiling point of 35
degrees C or less or a flash point of 60.5 degrees C or less. Examples are
petrol, alcohol and so on.
• Class 4 Flammable solids -‐ substances liable to spontaneous combustion
and substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases. Class
4 has 3 divisions:
– Division 4.1 -‐ flammable solids such as hexamine solid fuel tablets for
camping stoves; self-‐reactive substances and desensitized explosives.
– Division 4.2 -‐ substances liable to spontaneous combustion under the
normal conditions encountered in air transport -‐ such as Phosphorus
which burns by itself when exposed to air.

– Class 4.3 -‐ substances which in contact with water emit flammable
gases. "Dangerous when wet". Examples are sodium, zinc particles and
so on.
• Class 5.1 Oxidising substances -‐ substances which in themselves
are not necessarily combustible, but which by yielding oxygen
may cause or contribute to the combustion of other material. An
example is generators which produce oxygen by chemical
reaction.
• Class 5.2 Organic peroxides -‐ these are thermally unstable
substance which may undergo heat generating, self accelerating
decomposition -‐ which may be explosive, rapid, sensitive to
impact or friction or react dangerously with other substances.
Example is Hydrogen Peroxide
• Class 6.1 Toxic substances -‐ those substances which are liable to
cause death or injury if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through
the skin. Examples are pesticides and poisons.
• Class 6.2 Infectious substances -‐ those known to contain or
reasonably expected to contain pathogens.
• Class 7 Radioactive material
• Class 8 Corrosives -‐ substances which, in the event of leakage,
can cause severe damage by chemical action when in contact
with living tissue or materially damage other freight, containers
or the aircraft. Examples are Mercury, Battery acids and so on.
• Class 9 Miscellaneous -‐ includes magnetic articles, which can have
an impact on the aircraft's compass, Internal combustion
engines, dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) and so on.
For ease of identification of dangerous goods, the international community
has created a classification system. Your organisation will have certain
procedures that you must follow depending on the type of goods being
transported when it comes to labelling. The most important factor is that they
are securely fixed and clearly visible.
Activity 6: Calculate proposed volumes and dimensions of

proposed consolidation
The volume of the bike would be 1.65m²
If you consolidate the bike with the car the volume would be 12.75m² because
the car is 11.1m²

Activity 7: Match proposed consolidation against operational

When consolidating freight you need to take into account a range of factors.
You cannot put together freight that needs to arrive at different times,
doesn’t quite fit or exceeds weight limits just to try and save on costs. You
should be aware of:
• time in transport
• arrival date
• weight of load
• dimensions or area of load
• weight restrictions of carrier
• dimension restrictions of carrier
• dangerous goods regulations
• cost.
Activity 8: Prepare consignment documentation for consolidated

cargo
This activity will take some time but it is very beneficial to know what
documentation you have to prepare as a freight forwarder. Ensure you spend
the time to become confident and concise so you can complete all
documentation competently. Check with your supervisor or manager that you
are doing it correctly. Depending on what is required you will be preparing
documentation such as the:
• commercial invoice
• bill of lading
• consular invoice
• certificate of origin
• inspection certification
• dock receipt and warehouse receipt
• destination control statement
• insurance certificate
• export license
• export packing list.

Activity 9: Labelling and marking requirements of cargo are

documented in accordance with domestic and international
regulations, ADG Code and workplace requirements
Attention to detail is a major issue when forwarding freight. Everything must
be meticulously checked so no mistakes are made on the documentation, the
labelling and marking of the freight packaging. Winston forgot to put on:
• Handling and cautionary international markings, such as "This
Side Up" or "Use No Hooks", in English and in the language of the
country of destination.
This clearly shows to all who are going to deal with it how it should be
handled.
Activity 10: Complete and file/store documentation
What documentation you are to complete and how you file and store it will
rely upon your workplace policy and procedures. These details are essential to
know as a freight forwarder. You must be absolutely clear of what your
workplace expects of you and the processes they have in place which you
need to follow.
Activity 11: Consolidate freight taking into account segregation

requirements
Ask your manager or supervisor to show you how to access the regulations
and requirements that you will have to take into account when consolidating
goods. It is very important you take into account the segregation of
dangerous goods which if ignored can put people’s life at risk.


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Section 1 Assess scope to consolidate freight .............................. 8

Section 2 Prepare consignment documentation .......................... 31

Feedback on activities .................................................................... 47

What this Learner’s Guide is about

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 1

Plan your learning

Page 2 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

Section 1: Assess scope to consolidate freight

Are you able to: Yes No

Section 2: Prepare consignment documentation

Are you able to: Yes No

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 3

dangerous goods declaration, where

How will you be assessed?

You will be required to demonstrate that you can:

Page 4 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

• consolidate freight taking into account segregation

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 5

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 7

Section 1 Assess scope

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 8

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 9

Page 10 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

How do I assess capability of different transport

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 11

Activity 1: Assess capability of different transport modes

New York 4 days – 220kg _____________________________________

London in 4 weeks – 1000kg __________________________________

Nearest Capital City in 7 days – 780kg ___________________________

Page 12 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

How do I evaluate individual consignment loads

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 13

hazardous materials before making a decision about what can be

Tick box when you have the appropriate information 

Size of packaging

Special requirements (eg. refrigeration)

Type of goods ________________________________________________________

Size of packaging ____________________________________________

Departure location ___________________________________________________

Special requirements _________________________________________________

Page 14 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 15

How do I analyse information to determine

Page 16 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

Activity 3: Analyse information to determine where

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 17

Page 18 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

How do I make sure packaging requirements for

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 19

• moisture present before packing.

Page 20 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

Activity 4: Make sure packaging requirements for

Regulations for the packaging requirements of dangerous goods and

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 21

How do I ensure procedures for the loading of

Correct packaging and documentation for consignments of dangerous

For the ease of identifying dangerous goods, the international

Page 22 © Department of Education, Science and Training 2005

Class 1 Explosives -­‐ explosive substances, explosive articles,

Class 2 Gases -­‐ transported as either compressed, liquefied,

© Department of Education, Science and Training 2005 Page 23

Activity 5: Ensure procedures for the loading of cargo are

Class 1 Explosives -‐ explosive substances, explosive articles,

Class 2 Gases -‐ transported as either compressed, liquefied,