TURBINE GOVERNING SYSTEM

PRESENTATION BY
M DEENADAYALAN
C M NIKHIL
B VASANTH KUMAR
TOPICS OF DISCUSSION

 INTRODUCTION

 CONCEPT OF GOVERNING SYSTEM

 FEATURES OF KWU GOVERNING SYSTEM

 GOVERNING SYSTEM DEVICES

 WORKING OF GOVERNING SYSTEM

 HYDRAULIC AND ELECTROHYDRAULIC SYSTEM

 PROTECTIVE DEVICES IN GOVERNING SYSTEM

 QUERIES
WHAT IS GOVERNING SYSTEM ?

 Turbine Governing system is meant for regulation of turbine

speed under no load and varying load condition.
 To regulate the steam control valve position and hence load
generated.
 To control the initial run up and synchronization of the
machine
 To assist in matching the power generated to that demanded
by responding to the network frequency changes.
 SALENT FEATURES OF 200 MW KWU TURBINE
GOVERNING SYSTEM

 KWU 200 MW turbine is a throttle governed machine.

 Two governors, electro-hydraulic and hydraulic are
incorporated. Both the governors are connected in
parallel.
 Only one governor can be selected at a time through the
process of hydraulic minimum selection.
 The control valve opening depends on secondary oil
pressure and there is a definite relationship between the
opening of HP control valve and IP control valve.
 Between 40 to 200MW the turbine load is varied by
changing the HP control valve throttling alone.
HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR SALIENT FEATURES

 Hydraulic governor is having only one control

loop called speed controller.
 Machine speed is measured and indicated as
primary oil pressure.
 Range of speed control is 2800-3210 rpm.
 Speed regulation range (droop) of HG is 7%.
 HG acts as a back-up to the EHG.
 HG can not be isolated mechanically like EHG
and HG is considered to be the primary
governor of the KWU turbine
 ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR SALIENT
FEATURES

 EHG consists of three control loops for speed, load and

pressure.
 EHG optimizes the turbine life by conservative operation with
the aid of TSE.
 Faster response and precise frequency control.
 Actual speed of the turbine is measured by using hall probes
 Range of speed control is wider (0-3210) rpm.
 Speed regulation (Droop) can be changed from 2.5% to 8% in
a step of 0.5% even when the machine runs on load. The usual
setting of droop in EHG is 5%.
 EHG can be mechanically isolated by closing the secondary oil
line from the local.
 GOVERNING SYSTEM DEVICES

 Remote trip solenoids  Follow-up piston

 Turbine trip gear
(Main trip valve)
 Starting and load limiting
device
 Speeder gear
 Auxiliary follow-up piston
 Hydraulic amplifier
 Electro-hydraulic
convertor
 Sequence trimming device
 Solenoid for load shedding
relay
DIFFERENT OILS USED IN KWU TURBINE

 Control oil (source oil)  Auxiliary secondary oil

 Auxiliary start-up oil  secondary oil

 Start-up oil  Test oil

 Auxiliary trip oil  Primary oil

 Lube oil
 Trip oil
 Jacking oil
REMOTE TRIP SOLENOIDS
TURBINE TRIP GEAR
 Trip gear is the main protection mechanism of the turbine. It diverts
the control oil coming from the RTS in to TRIP OIL and AUX.TRIP
OIL. Aux.trip oil keeps the trip gear spool valve in open condition so
that uninterrupted trip oil pressure is ensured. Aux.trip oil is also
connected to three hydraulic safety devices namely Over speed , Low
vacuum &Thrust bearing Trip Devices.
 STARTING AND LOAD LIMITING DEVICE

 USED FOR RESETTING THE TURBINE AFTER TRIPPING

 FOR OPENING THE STOP VALVES AND RELEASING THE CONTROL
VALVES FOR OPENING
 STARTING DEVICE AT 0% POSITION

 BELLOWS COMPRESSED (CONTROL VALVE CLOSED POSITION)

 AUX STARTUP OIL RESETS TRIP DEVICES
 STARTUP OIL RESETS STOP VALVES (ESVs AND Ivs)
 PILOT VALVE(STARTING DEVICE) POSITION RAISED
 START-UP OIL AND AUXILIARY START-UP OIL CIRCUITS ARE DRAINED
 ESVS OPEN AT 42% AND IVS OPEN AT 56% POSITIONS OF THE STARTING
DEVICE
 SPEEDER GEAR

 ASSEMBLY OF A BELLOW AND A SPRING

 BELLOW COMPRESSION CONTROLLED BY
 STARTING DEVICE POSITOIN
 SPEEDER GEAR POSITION (ALTERS SPRING TENSION)
 PRIMARY OIL PRESSURE
 OPERATED FROM UCB OR LOCAL
 PRIMARY OIL PRESSURE (SPEED FEEDBACK)
AUXILIARY FOLLOW UP-PISTONS
 TEST VALVES
 HP/IP STOP VALVES RECEIVE TRIP OIL THROUGH
THEIR RESPECTIVE TEST VALVES
 PORT OPENINGS FOR BOTH TRIP OIL AND
START-UP OIL
 USED IN RESETTING OF STOP VALVES AFTER
TURBINE TRIP
 VALVE CAN BE OPERATED WITH HANDWHEEL
 WORKING OF GOVERNING SYSTEM
CONTROL
OIL CONTROL OIL
AUX START UP OIL
FROM RTS
SPEEDER STARTING TO RESET TRIP V/V
GEAR DEVICE TRIP VALVE
TRIP OIL AUX
TRIP OIL
TRIP OIL AFUP HP/IP
STOP VALVE AUX TRIP OIL
EHC INPUT
RESET
LOW VACUUM
HYRAULIC TRIP DEVICE
CONTROL EHC
OIL CONVERTER
OVER SPEED
DEVICE

TRIP OIL FUP FUP THRUST

BEARING DEVICE
IP SECONDARY OIL

HP SECONDAY OIL
 SELECTION BETWEEN HYDRAULIC AND
ELECTRO HYDRAULIC GOVERNING

 MINIMUM PRESSURE BETWEEN HP AND IP

SECONDARY OIL
 TURBINE STARTUP USING EHC WITH HC
SYSTEM FOR BACK UP
 SECONDARY OIL PRESSURE SET HIGHER THAN
THE EHC SYSTEM AND MAINTAINED USING A
TRACKING SYSTEM
ESV OPENING
PROTECTIVE DEVICES IN GOVERNING
SYSTEM
 TURBINE PROTECTON

Two type of protection

a)Electrical protection
b)Mechanical tripping

Electrical protection(through RTS)

 Turbine UCB manual trip
 Stator water conductivity >21 mho/sec
 Stator water flow <13 cubic m/s
 Boiler to turbine through UTR
 Gen to turbine through UTR
 Lube oil pressure low -low <1.2 ksc(2/3)
 Fire protection(channel 1&2)
 UTR manual trip
 ATRS shut down programme

Mechanical devices
 TG over speed trip (bolt-1 –3300 rpm,2-3330 rpm)
 Condenser vacuum low
 Axial shift high
 GOVERNING CONTROL SYSTEM
Governor control systems consist of three basic elements:
These elements are
 Sensing elements – fly ball weight etc.
 Transmitting elements - mechanical linkage, hydraulic or
pneumatic pressure, electrical signals or, as is most common, a
combination.
 and Correcting elements - the valve or valves that control the
flow of steam to the turbine.
MECHANICAL PROTECTION DEVICES-
OVER SPEED TRIP DEVICE OR EMERGENCY GOVERNORS

• The function is to stop turbine when permissible speed is

exceeded.
• Two over speed bolts, one acts when speed reaches 110%
(3300rpm) of the rated speed and others comes in action at
111% of the rated speed (3330 rpm)
• It is situated in the front end bearing pedestal & consists of
eccentric bolt, adjusting screw, spring, pawl and screw plug. .
• The speed is measured with the help of hall probe.
• When the over speed occurs & goes beyond the preset value(s)
the bolts fly out due to centrifugal force & strike against the
respective pawls. This will lead to the opening of the Drain port
through which Auxiliary trip oil will be drained, resulting in the
draining of the trip oil & thereby tripping the turbine.
• Below the tripping speed the bolt is held in position by spring and
bears against the plug.
• At speed higher than over speed limit, the centrifugal force overcomes
the spring force and forces bolt out of turbine rotor. This activates the
turbine trip mechanism.
• Before over speed device comes into action, an another term called
DROOP should come in action to reduce the speed of the turbine.
• Speed regulation of the turbine is called Droop
DROOP OR PROPORTIONAL BAND

 Droop= amount of speed change from no load to full load divided by

rated speed
 In KWU turbines Droop is in the range from 2.5 to 8%.
 Usually it is taken as 5% of the rated speed. This maximum speed is
called ‘Dead band’ beyond which Droop comes in action to increase or
decrease the speed of the turbine by opening or closing the control
valve .
 It is necessary in the control system to sense a change in speed & thus
to reposition the valves
 If droop =5%, it means +2.5% from 3000 rpm.
LOW VACUUM TRIP DEVICE
 The function of the device is to trip the turbine on dropping of
condenser vacuum below a limit.
 Condenser vacuum permissible is -0.9 ksc.
 It consists of twin chamber arrangement with a separating diaphragm.
Upper side is connected to the condenser vacuum and lower side to
atmosphere. Upper side is also subjected to the primary oil pressure
through the piston.
 Under poor vacuum with sufficiently high machine speed(>600rpm),
the net force acting on the upper side is more than the lower side . This
causes the opening of the drain port through which the Aux.trip oil will
drain.
 This protection is not effective during low speed because of the non
availability of the primary oil pressure.
 For resetting it doesn’t require Auxiliary start up oil.
THRUST BEARING DEVICE
 It is used to protect the turbine against high axial shift and high
thrust pad wear.
 It consists of a two pair of small cams, one set before and
another after a pawl are fitted on the turbine shaft 180⁰
opposite.
 The pawl is so arranged that whenever the shaft moves
horizontally too much (>0.6mm)either in left side or right side,
one sets of cam comes in contact with the pawl and thereby
thrust bearing trip device’s latch will be released. This will cause
the opening of the drain port through which auxiliary trip will
be drained.
THANK YOU