Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Complexity of Reactions
Diversity and spread
Domino/Cascade effects-Offsite
High Inventories, Nature of materials
Severity of impact
Benefits-from Chemical Spectrum
Engineering Design
Technology Options/Selection
Layout Planning /Layout
Construction
Trial Runs
Stabilisation
Perfecting Operation
Validation
Hazards
impact
Risk Analysis
“Step 1
Identify the hazards
Step 2
Decide who might be harmed and how
Step 3
Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
Step 4
Record your findings and implement them
Step 5
Review your assessment and update if necessary”
Step 1-Hazard Identification
General applicable
Raw Material Pipe/ Tanker receipt
Pump Transfer
Storage
Line out to Production Block
Hazard Sources-Illustrated examples
Equipment related
Process related
Controls related
Natural causes
Security related issues:-Arson, Vandalism,
IEDs
Piping
Seal/gland leaks
Electrical Panels =Sparking
/arcing/flashovers
Loss of integrity of FLP fittings
Short circuit
Storage
Containment failure
Leaks/Overflow in Tank area
Storage Nozzle/Pipe connection leaks
Instantaneous release of liquid/Vapour
Continuous release of liquid/Vapour
Production/Process
Equipment
Reactors,
Exchangers, Boilers, Hot Oil
systems, Chillers,Centrifuges, Dryers,
Scrubbers, etc
Raw Material
Combustible
Flammable
Explosive
Toxic
Corrrosive
Spontaneous igniting
Reactive
Incompatible etc
Reactions
Hydroforming
Catalyticcracking
Polymerisation
High pressure Synthesis
Hydrogenation
Halogenation
Grignard, Fridel Kraft, Amination etc
Process Parameters
Pressure
Temperature
Flow
Level
Monitoring & Measurement
Results
Leads to Risk.
Design Changes without evaluation
Operational
Failureof Utilities or Cooling system
Scrubbing system failures,
Malfunction /Failure of Process Controls
Parameter deviations
Incident -Consequences
Fire
Explosion
Toxic release
Step-2
Consequences- Who might be harmed
People
Environment
Equipment
Materials
Incident--What it Means
Property Damage /Personnel harm
Plant Start-up Delays
Restricted Output
Downtime
Repairs Cost
Insurance Costs
Public Reaction
Societal impact
Economic Impact
Related Consequences
Legal
Statutory
Insurance
Public Liability
Desirable Approach
Avoid Major
Manage Medium
Live with Low risk
Treat, Tolerate, Transfer, Terminate
ALARP
ALASA
Within Permissible Limits
Step-3 Basis—Risk Analysis
Typical Applications
Activity Technique
Design PHA
Detailed Engineering Fault Tree / Event Tree
Analysis
Construction / Startup Checklist/Safety Review
Pilot Plant Operation / HAZOP
Routine Operation
Hazard Analysis (Contd)
BIS 14489
5-STAR
ISRS
OHSAS
DUPONT SYSTEMS
DOW CHECKLIST
PSM
Document Management
Training
NEST,STOP, CARE
Participative forums
Self- Regulating mindset
Beyond Compliance
Process Safety Management
SOPs
WI
Checklists
Permits to Work
Change Management/Equipment Management
Featured in Link
http://www.scribd.com/doc/
20319667/Safety-in-Chemical-and-
Hydrocarbon-process-Industry-
Change-Management
Change Management-Key aspects
Change involves thinking holistically
Change may necessitate downtime
Interruption due to incidents can affect safety of
personnel and Business economics.
Each change review should be situation specific.
General references cannot displace internal
Multi-disciplinary review and validation.
Yet changes can become necessary to continually
improve Safety, Health & Environment
Preparedness