INTRODUCTION • Early 1800’s – Louis Daguerre – beginning of photography • 1850s- 1900’s – Photographs taken by captive balloons, pigeons • World War I – Aerial photography • 1920s – Photogrammetry – Routine applications for government programs – Mapping, surveys, etc. • World War II – Use of electromagnetic spectrum increases to include infrared and microwave • “Cold War” – extensive use of reconnaissance techniques – launching of ‘spy’ satellites • 1960s –TIROS – meteorological satellite – First use of term “remote sensing” REMOTE SENSING..... WHAT?
HOW?
WHY?
WHERE? What is REMOTE SENSING?
Remote Sensing is the science (and to
some extent, art) of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact with it. REMOTE SENSING - Platform Platform Altitude(km.) • Geostationary satellite - 36000 • Polar Orbiting satellite - 500-1000 • Space Shuttle - 240-350 • Jet Aircraft - 10-12 • Airplane - 0.3-7.5 • Ground - Few Metres Types of REMOTE SENSING Active Remote Sensing Passive Remote Sensing How REMOTE SENSING done? REMOTE SENSING RECEPTION Why REMOTE SENSING is required? Earthquake Prediction DISADVANTAGES OF REMOTE SENSING • Expensive to build and operate!!!! • Measurement uncertainty can be large • Data interpretation can be difficult • need to understand theoretically how the instrument is making the measurements • need to understand measurement uncertainties • need to have some knowledge of the phenomena you are sampling APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING • Agriculture • Forestry • Geology • Hydrology • Sea Ice • Land Cover & Land Use • Mapping • Oceans & Coastal Monitoring INDIAN REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES IRS-1A 17.03.1988 Technology 22.10.2001 Experiment Satellite (TES) IRS-1B 29.08.1991 IRS-P6 17.10.2003 Resourcesat-1 IRS-1E 20.09.1993 CARTOSAT -1 05.05.2005 IRS-P2 15.10.1994 CARTOSAT -2 10.01.2007 IRS-1C 28.12.1995 SRE - 1 10.01.2007 IRS-P3 21.03.1996 CARTOSAT -2A 28.04.2008