Matter Review

Physical Science

1. Define each of the following:

Atom- The smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of that element
Element- a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by
chemical means
Compound- a substance that is made up of atoms of different elements. When
elements combine to form a compound, they always combine in the same
proportion. Compounds are represented by chemical formulas.
Mixture- made up of more than one type of substances.
Chemical change- occurs when a new substance is formed
Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space
Pure substance- has a fixed composition

2. Because the substances found in a mixture are not chemically

combined (bonded), they are easier to separate. Tell how each of the
following methods could be used:
Filtering to separate a solid from a liquid (ex: sand and water)
Magnetism to separate magnetic substances from a mixture (ex:
iron filings)

3. Many physical properties are useful because they can

help to identify an unknown substance. Name 3 physical
properties that can be used in this way.
Color, shape, size, temperature, mass, boiling point

4. Identify each of the following as an element or a

compound:
Water- C

gold- E

Carbon- E

sugar- C

Hydrogen- E

salt- C

oxygen- E
carbon dioxide- C
iron-E

5. Tell whether each statement is describing a mixture or a

compound:
-forms a new substance- compound
-alloy of steel- mixture
-each part retains its own properties- mixture
-can see different parts- mixture
-composed of atoms from different elements that have
chemically combined- compound
-must be chemically separated- compound
-could be separated by filtering- mixture
-can be separated by physical means- mixture

6. Tell whether each statement is describing a homogeneous

(solution) or a heterogeneous mixture:
-could be separated by filtering- Heterogeneous
-looks the same throughout- Homogeneous
-formed by dissolving something- Homogeneous
-can see the various components- Heterogeneous

7. Which of these is a chemical property? flammability, able

to oxidize, color, melting point of 50 C, reacts with acid,
mass, fading of paint, good heat conductor, dissolves in
water, combustible, high viscosity
Flammability, Oxidize, Reacts with Acid, Fading of Paint,

8. What is viscosity? A measure of the resistance to flow of a

fluid. Which has the higher viscositysyrup or water?
Syrup because it has a greater resistance to flow than water.
9. Calculate the density of a gas that has a mass of 0.050 g
and a volume of 6.4 mL. Use the formula D=m/v.
0.0078 g/mL

10. A substance has a mass of 500 g and a volume of 252

mL. What is the density?
1.98 g/mL

11. In order to float in water, a substance must have a

density that is LESS than the density of water (which is 1.0
g/mL). Which of the following substances will float in
water?
Air = .001 g/cm3

Yes

Corn oil = .93 g/cm3

Yes

Glycerin = 1.26 g/cm3

No

Corn syrup = 1.38 g/cm3

No

Wood = .85 g/cm3

Yes

Steel = 7.81 g/cm3

Definitely Not

Rubber = 1.34 g/cm3

No

Ice = .92 g/cm3

Yes

11. In order to float in water, a substance must have a density that

is LESS than the density of water (which is 1.0 g/mL). Which of the
following substances will float in water?
-Air, Corn oil, Wood, Ice
12. Does each statement describe a solid, a liquid, or a gas?
-has the most kinetic energygas
-definite shate, definite volumesolid
-has a definite volume, but no definite shapeliquid
-move very littlesolid
-particles closest togethersolid
-will take shape of container, but has a stronger attractive force
than gasesliquid
-will hold its shape without a containersolid
-made up of particles in motiongas

13. What happens to the motion of the particles of a

substance when the temperature increases?
-motion increases
14. A substance melts from a solid to a liquid. Is this a
physical or chemical process? Explain why.
-physical because it is making a phase change
15. While a substance is changing phase, what happens
to the temperature?
-temperature doesnt change (boiling point is always 100
degrees C or melting point is always 0 degrees C)
16. While a substance is changing phase, what happens
to the amount of energy?
-Energy is added as a phase change occurs

17. What is the name of each of the following phase

changes?
-solid to liquidmelting
-liquid to gasboiling
-gas to liquidcondensation
-liquid to solidfreezing
-solid directly to gassublimation
-liquid to gas (not at the boiling point)evaporation
18. Use the graph to answer the following questions:
a. What is the melting point of the substance?
20C
b. What is the boiling point of the substance?

c. How do you know if the temperature is increasing?

-the diagonal on the graph is increasing upward
d. How do you know if the substance is changing phase?
-a horizontal line, or slope of zero, indicates a phase
change
19. A piece of wood that measures 3.0 cm by 6.0 cm by
4.0 cm has a mass of 80.0 g. What is the density of the
wood? Would the piece of wood float in water?
D=m/v
D=80.0g/(3.0cm x 6.0cm x 4.0cm)
D=80.0g/72cm^3
D=1.11 g/cm^3

20. OMIT
21. What is the volume of a tank that can hold 18754 kg
of methanol whose density is 0.788 g/mL?
D=m/v
V=m/D
V=18754000 g/ 0.788 g/mL
V= 23799492 mL
22. What is the density of a board whose dimensions are
5.54 cm x 10.6 cm x 199 cm and whose mass is 28.6 kg?
D=m/v
D=28600 g/ 11686.08 cm^3
D=2.45 g/cm^3