EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 5

1. A single circuit 50 Hz, 3-phase transmission line has the following parameters per km:
R=0.2 ohm, L=1.3mH and C=0.01 F. The voltage at the receiving end is 132 KV. If
the line is open at the receiving end, nd the rms value and phase angle of the following:
(a) The incident voltage to neutral at the receiving end (reference).
(b) The reected voltage to neutral at the receiving end.
(c) The incident and reected voltages to neutral at 120 km from the receiving end.
Solution: The series impedance per unit length of the line
z = r + jx = (0.2 + j1.3 314 103 ) = (0.2 + j0.408) = 0.454 63.88
T he shunt admittance = jwc = j314 0.01 106 3.14 106 90

z
0.454
T he characteristic impedance Zc =
=
105 (63.88 90) = 380 13.06
y
0.314

= yz = 0.314 0.454 106 (90 + 63.88)/2 = (0.2714+j1.169)103 = (+j)

T he receiving end line to neutral voltage Vr =

132 1000

= 76200volts
3

The receiving end current under open circuited condition Ir = 0

(a) The incident voltage to neutral at the receiving end (x=0) is
Vr + Ir Zc
2
Since, it is no load condition, Ir = 0
Incident voltage =

Vr
76200
=
= 38100volts
2
2

(b) Similarly, the reected voltage to neutral at the receiving end

Vr Ir Zc
Vr
=
= 38100volts
2
2
(c) The incident voltage at a distance of 120 km from the receiving end
Vr+ = Vr exp(x)exp(jx)
Vr+ = 76.2exp(0.2712 120 103 exp(j1.69 120 103 ) = 78.7 8.02
The incident voltage at a distance of 120 km from the receiving end
=

78.7
8.02 = 39.35 8.02
2

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EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 5

Vr = Vr exp(x)exp(jx)
Vr+ = 76.2exp(0.0325)exp(j0.140) = 73.76 8.02
The rreected voltage at a distance of 120 km from the receiving end
=

73.76
8.02 = 36.88 8.02
2

2. Determine the eciency of the line in the above problem if the line is 120 km long and
delivers 40 MW at 132 KV and 0.8 p.f. lagging.

Solution:
40 1000
T he receiving end currentIr =
= 218.7amps
3 132 0.8
From the above problem,
Zc = 380 13.06
For 120 km length of the line,
exp(x)exp(jx) = 1.033 8.02
exp(x)exp(jx) = 0.968 8.02
Taking Vr as reference,

Ir = 218.7 36.8

Vr + Ir Zc
exp(x)exp(jx)
2
76200 + 380 218.7 13.06 36.8
Vs+ =
1.033 8.02 = 74.63 18
2
Vr Ir Zc
Vs =
exp(x)exp(jx)
2
76200 + 380 218.7 49.86
0.968 8.02 = 32.619 62.37KV
Vs =
2
Vs = Vs+ + Vs = 74.63 18 + 32.619 62.37 = 86077 + j5751 = 86.26 3.82
Vs+ =

Now,

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EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 5

Vr
Vr
+ Ir
Ir
Z
Z
Is = c
exp(x)exp(jx) c
exp(x)exp(jx)
2
2
Vs+ Vs
Is =

= 200.39 29.9
Zc
Zc
P ower at the sending end = 3|Vs ||Is |coss = 386.26200.39cos33.72 = 43.132M W
% Ef f iciency =

40
100 = 92.7%
43.132

3. Determine the ABCD parameters of the line of above problem and verify the sending
end quantities found in the above problem.
Solution:

l = (0.2712 + j1.169)120 103 = 0.03254 + j0.1402

A = coshl = cosh(0.03245 + j0.1402)

A = cosh0.03254cos0.1402 + jsinh0.03254sin0.1402 = 0.99 + j0.004435 = 0.99 0.26

B = Zc sinhl
sinhl = sinhlcosl + jcoshlsinl
sinhl = sinh0.03254cos0.1402+jcosh0.03254sin0.1402 = 0.031958+j0.1386 = 0.1422 77
B = Zc sinhl = 380 13.06 0.1422 77 = 54.03 64
Vs = AVr + BIr = 0.99 0.26 76200 + 54.03 64 218.7 36.8
Vs = 85908 + j5380 = 86.07 3.588

4. A three phase 50 Hz transmission line is 400 km long. The voltage at the sending end
is 220 KV. The line parameters are r=0.0125 ohm/km, x=0.4 ohm/km and y = 2.8
106 mho/km. Find the following:
(a) The maximum permissible line length if the receiving end no-load voltage is not to
exceed 235 KV.
(b) For part (a), the maximum permissible line frequency, if the no-load voltage is not
to exceed 250 KV.
Solution: The total line parameters are:
R=0.125 400 = 50 ohms

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EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 5

X = 0.4 400 = 160 ohm
Y = 2.8 106 400 90 = 1.12 103 90 mho
Z = R+jX = (50+j160) 168 72.6 mho
YZ = 1.12 103 90 168 72.6 = 0.188 162.6
(a) Maximum permissible no-load receiving end voltage = 235 KV
|A| = |

220
Vs
|=
= 0.936
Vr
235

Now,
|A| = 1 +

YZ
2

l2 j2.8 106 (0.125 + j0.4)

= (1 0.56 106 l2 ) + j0.175 106 l2
2
Since, the imaginary part will be less than 1/10th of real part, |A| can be approximated as
|A| = (1 0.56 106 l2 ) = 0.936
|A| = 1 +

l2 =

1 0.936
0.56 106

l=338 km.
(b)
Vs
220
|=
= 0.88
Vr
250
1
f
f
|A| = 1 + j1.12 103 (50 + j160 )
2
50
50
Neglecting the imaginary part, we can write
|A| = |

|A| = 1

1
f2
1.12 1.12 103 160 2 = 0.88
2
50

Simplifying, we obtain the maximum permissible frequency as f=57.9 Hz

5. A 275 KV transmission line has the following line constraints: A=0.85 5; B=200 75
(a) Determine the power at unity power factor that can be received if the voltage prole
at each end is to be maintained at 275 KV.
(b) What type and rating of compensation equipment would be required if the load is
150 MW at unity power factor with the same voltage prole as in part (a).
(c) With the load as in part (b), what would be the receiving end voltage if the compensation equipment is not installed.

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EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 5

Figure 1:

Solution: (a) Given, |Vs | = |Vr | = 275 KV;

= 5, = 75.
Since, the power is received at unity power factor,
Qr = 0 =

275 275
0.85
sin(75 )
(275)2 sin(75 5)
200
200
0 = 378sin(75 ) 302

which gives, = 22.

Pr =

275 275
0.85
cos(75 22)
(275)2 cos(75 5) = 227.6 109.9 = 117.7M W
200
200

(b) Now |Vs | = |Vr | = 275 KV

Power demand by load = 150 MW at UPF
PD = Pr =150 MW; QD =0

150 =

275 275
0.85
cos(75 )
(275)2 cos(75 5) = 227.6 109.9 = 117.7M W
200
200
150 = 378cos(75 ) 110

= 28.46

Qr =

275 275
0.85
cos(7528.46)
(275)2 cos(755) = 274.46302 = 27.56M V AR
200
200

Thus, in order to maintain 275 KV at the receiving end, Qr = -27.56 MVAR must be
drawn along with the real power of Pr = 150MW. The load being 150 MW at unity
power factor, i.e., QD =0, compensation equipment must be installed at the receiving
end.

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EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 5

-27.56 + QC = 0
QC = 27.56 MVAR
i.e., the compensation equipment must feed positive VARs into the line.
(c) Since, no compensation equipment is provided
Pr = 150MW; Qr = 0
Now, |Vs | = 275 KV, |Vr | = ?
Figure 5
Substituting this data in Pr and Qr , we have
275 |Vr |
0.85
cos(75 )
|Vr |2 cos70
200
200
275 |Vr |
0.85
0=
sin(75 )
|Vr |2 sin70
200
200

150 =

(1)
(2)

From, Eq. (2), we get

sin(75 ) = 0.0029|Vr |

cos(75 ) = (1 0.00292 |Vr |2 )

Substituting in Eq. (1), we obtain

150 = 1.375|Vr | (1 0.00292 |Vr |2 ) 0.00145|Vr |2

(3)
(4)

(5)

Solving the quadratic and retaining the higher value of |Vr |, we obtain
|Vr | = 244.9 KV.
6. Input to a single-phase short line shown in below Figure is 2000 KW at 0.8 lagging power
factor. The line has a series impedance of (0.4+j0.4) ohms. If the load voltage is 3KV,
nd the load and receiving end power factor. Also nd the supply voltage.

Figure 2:

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EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 5

Solution: Sending end active/reactive power = receiving end active/reactive power

+ active/reactive line losses.
For active power,
|Vs ||I|coss = |Vr ||I|cosr + |I|2 R

(6)

|Vs ||I|sins = |Vr ||I|sinr + |I|2 X

(7)

For reactive power,

Squaring eq. (6) and (7), adding and simplifying, we get
|Vs |2 |I|2 = |Vr |2 |I|2 + 2|Vr ||I|2 (|I|Rcosr + |I|Xsinr ) + |I|4 (R2 + X 2 )

(8)

From the numerical values given,

|Z|2 = (R2 + X 2 ) = 0.32
2000 103
= 2500 103
0.8
|Vs ||I|coss = 2000 103

|Vs ||I| =

|Vs ||I|sins = 2000 103 0.6 = 1500 103

(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)

From eq. (6) and (7), we get

|I|cosr =

2000 103 0.4|I|2

3000

(13)

|I|sinr =

1500 103 0.4|I|2

3000

(14)

Substituting all the known values in Eq. (8), we have

0.32|I|4 11.8 106 |I|2 + 6.25 1012 = 0

(15)

|I| = 725amps

(16)

Substituting for |I| in Eq. (13), we get

cosr = 0.82

(17)

LoadPr = |Vr ||I|cosr = 3000 725 0.82 = 1790KW

(18)

|Vs ||I|coss = 2000

2000
= 3.44KV
|Vs | =
725 0.8

(19)

Now,

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(20)

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