1

Preface
First of all we would like to thank God to let us live
until now and has bless us so we can finish this book
Before and After:Indonesia. Second we would like to
thank our parents who took care of us and let us go to this
school and who has motivate us to finish this book. Third
we would like to to thank Ms. Eva Tantri Mahastri, as the
principle of K-9 program Sekolah HighScope Indonesia that
give me an opportunity to study here at Sekolah
HighScope Indonesia. Fourth we would like to thank
teachers especially Mr. Bachrun who has support us and
give us guidance and also help us all this time. We would
also like to thank our friends who has help us and support
us and also give critics for our book so it can be better.
This

book

proclamation

is

about

Indonesian

of independence and also

history

post

government

structure around the world this book also offers solution to

poverty in Indonesia.
We are making this book to let other people
especially kids and or teenagers to know more about
Indonesian

post

proclamation

history,

government

structure and solution towards poverty in Indonesia. We

hope by making this book the readers will learn and
understand more about Indonesia.

Table of Content
Cover..
..I
Preface..
............II
Table of
Content.....................
..III
Poem by Arsya Respati.....
..4
Old Order, New Order, and Reformation
Era...5
Poem by Arneta Rumantyo....
...8
Structures of
Indonesia...
..9

Poem by Michiko
Watanabe...12
Problems of Indonesia..
..13
Poem by Maghara Adipura ..
15
Poverty ..
..16
Bibliography .......
18

Father of Justice
By: Arsya Respati

Through blood and through fight

Our father steps in and finishes it
One day the world knows who he is
When times flies, history also files

My country, my beloved Indonesia

The blue sea of pristine ocean
The nature of heaven
Unlimited exploration
If it werent our father who saved our country,
Then what is Indonesia? Is it even a thing?
My country could have been humiliated
By the hands of colonialism aggression
We would have to follow other people
But no, Our Father is way beyond confident
Confident to say We are who we are
We do not follow your lead, but we follow ours
Our Father sadly passed away
But he will remembered by his work
To create what is it to be called Indonesia
Soekarno

Arsya Respati

Old Order, New Order, and

Reformation Era
Old Order:

The old order starts from proclamation of 17

August 1945 until G30 S PKI (Gerakan 30 September Partai Komunis

Indonesia) The Old Order occur from 1945 until 1968. At that time
5

Indonesia is using socialism and capitalism economy system.

Socialism is where everything is equal, they do not compare one
and

another.

Capitalism

economy system is when you

start a company with capital
but ending up with a big
profit. Indonesia in the Old
Order

has

many

politic

conflicts between militaries,

PKI,

and

other

groups

of

nationalism. This era was ran over by Soekarno, the great leader of
evolution. The economic condition was very damaged at that era,
the economic inflation reaches over 697% between 1965-1966 and
it

was

732%

between

1964-1965.

This

is

caused

by,

the

uncontrollable currency spread (more than 1 currency) in Indonesia.

For a short period of time, Soekarno stated that there was 3
different currencies in RI. De Javasche Bank, Hindi and Dutch
currency, and ORI (Oeang Republik Indonesia). Based on monetary
theories, multiple of currencies in one country affects the price
increasement of objects. Second cause, there was an economic
blockade caused by the Dutch since November 1945 to close export
market in RI. The third cause is because heavy exploitation in
colonialism era. There are some efforts of preventing the economic
crisis. The first one is Program Pinjaman Nasional that was done
by agreement with BP-KNIP, in July of 1946. The second effort is
breaking in the economic blockade that the Dutch made. The third
effort is February 1946 Economy Conference with the purpose of
gaining deals for preventing economic problems such as: food
distribution, administration of plantation. The economy crisis in the
Old order affects poverty until nowadays. Before United States of
Indonesia was spoken to be disbanded, there are many riots in the
streets to insist the government to make United States of Indonesia
change to NKRI (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia).

New Order: National disintegration and instability after the

Old Order until G30 S PKI and Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas
Maret). Soekarno signed the controversial Supersemar. Inside the
letter, it includes Soekarnos protection (and his country) and
presidential institution led by Soekarno himself. Most importantly to
disband PKI and exchanging the government crew. Speaking of
G30S PKI (Gerakan 30 September PKI), in July 1959 is when
parliament was disbanded and Soekarno said that constitution is
below Dekret Presiden Juli 1959 , PKI gave massive support onto
Soekarno. PKI also stood well with the new government system that
Soekarno introduced. At the democratic era, the collaboration of PKI
leaders was a failure and suppressing independently. This was the
reason there are many political and economy problems unsolved
that time. G30S PKI starts in October 1 where communism soldiers
kidnapped 7 Indonesia generals which are militaries. They killed 3
generals at their nest, one general was shot by the a firing squad of
PKI, and kidnapping more generals and putting them in a sewer full
of crocodiles. The vision of the New order was quite imaginably
successful, but there are some disadvantages. The build of
Indonesia is orientated to economic growth which causes unfairness
and social gap. Indonesia also experienced economy crisis in 1997.
The economy crisis affects the society to starve and money
decreasement. The disadvantages also made 1998 May a very big
riot. After the execution of 4 university students from Trisakti was
killed caused by a mysterious assassin, the citizens of Indonesia
disagree and responded aggressively to the Indonesian government.
The riot begins in the streets, many opinions from the citizens that
they want Soeharto to be neglected. It happends, Soeharto was
neglected and B.J Habibie was elected. When Habibie was in charge,
he had an effort of making the currency of Indonesia to increase but
the citizen of Indonesia wasnt supporting Habibie very much. The
societys trust to the government is less and the government arent

acting fast in solving the problem for economy crisis. The 7 th cabinet
build that was made by Soeharto was included with crony and not
based on his skills. This condition was the trigger of the Reformation
Era.
Reformation Era: After
Soeharto

was

neglected,

dropped

Habibie

came

and
in

charge and made a reformation

cabinet. This is to seek national
unity,

to

sovereignty,

conquer

national

government

decentralization, etc. The fall of

Soeharto was the sign that the New Era was over, and Habibie
continues to be the president of Indonesia for about another year
and then he was neglected. Soeharto was then died caused by
multifunction organ dysfunction. Habibie opened the journey of the
reformation era seeking for better and transparent politics and also
planning on future public elections. After the economy crisis, normal
workers from various companies became homeless caused by job
lost and creating more problems in social life.

As I Walked Passed by
By:Arneta Nindya Rumantyo

As I walk passed by
I looked at her
She was there sleeping without sheets
Munching a piece of candy she found on the street
As I walk passed by
I saw an old shack
Only mud was the floor
And bamboo was the wall
As I walk passed by
Little kids started to stare at me
Asking me for a piece of bread
And a sip of water
As I walk passed by
I started to realize
Oh how poor this people is becoming
How I wish I could help them
By Giving them a piece of money
Or piece of bread
Or a sip of water
Could help them cry into tears of joy

Arneta Rumantyo

Structures of Indonesia
There are a lot of types of government system in this world.
What is government system? According to
dictionary.com the word government means
the political direction and control exercised
over the actions of the members, citizens,
or inhabitants of communities, societies,
and states and the word system means a
coordinated body of methods or a scheme or plan of procedure;
organizational scheme so a government system is a system that is
controlled by governments to control a country. There are a lot of
types of government system around the world they are:

Absolute monarchy which is a from of government

where the monarchy rules.

Communist which is a system of government that treats

their citizen equally.

Democracy which is a government system that is rule by

the people or citizens.

Republic which is a political system that uses a few
people. All democracies are republic because the
citizens in a republic country are the one who select

their leaders.
Monarchy is a government system that is rule by king or
queen. Sometimes a if a country is rule by a king it is

also called an emperor.

Aristocracy is a government system that is rule by the
aristocrats. The aristocrats are usually wealthy and
educated people.

10

Dictatorship is a government system that is rule by one

or a group of people.
Democratic republic is a government system that has a
lets

their

citizen

to

vote

for

their

officers

and

representative responsible for them.

Federal is a government system that has a leader in
every state, colonies or province. America is one of the
example of a federal country because in every state it
has different leader. Islamic republic is a form of
government system that is use by some Muslim states
although this kind of state still uses laws and other
required law but the laws must be compatible with the

laws of Islam.
Presidential is a system of government that a country is

rule by a president.
Parliamentary monarchy is a state that is lead by a

monarch that is not really involved into policy formation.

Ecclesiastical is a government system that is

administrated by a church.
Oligarchy which is a government system that is control
by a small group of people whose power is based on

wealth and ability.

Sultanate is a government system that is similar to a
monarchy that is usually use for a muslim country or
state.

There are still a lot of types of government system around the

world but not all of those government systems are suitable for
Indonesia. According to all those definitions of government system
in Indonesia, the most suitable government system for Indonesia is
democracy.

Democracy

is

the

right

government

system

for

Indonesia because democracy is a system where the citizens or the

people are the actual main leader of the country. With a government
system of democracy the people in Indonesia will be more free and
will feel a lot more fair because anyone can be a leader of the
country. Indonesia is actually a country that can develop and be like
11

other develop countries such as Singapore but the people here in

Indonesia doesnt know how to build Indonesia into becoming a
better country. Why does this happen? Because the people here in
Indonesia doesnt get a lot of good education. Here in Indonesia,
poverty is one of the major problem. Why is poverty a major
problem in Indonesia? This is caused by a lot of things one of them
is the imbalance in the distribution of natural resources. One of the
example of imbalance in the distribution of the natural resources is
in South Kalimantan. South Kalimantan is known for their woods
from the forest and this kind of natural resources can actually make
South Kalimantan a rich province and decrease the people who
needs. Why is there still a lot of poor people in South Kalimantan?
This is caused by the imbalance in the distribution of natural
resources. The natural resources from South Kalimantan which is
woods is sent to Jakarta and the people lets the other people in
Jakarta divides it and the people in Jakarta doesnt divide the woods
or any other natural resources equally which makes a lot of people
who lives out of Jakarta (in another province) gets less natural
resources. What can we do to stop the imbalance in distribution of
natural resources in Indonesia is we can do regional autonomy or in
Indonesia we call it otonomi daerah. Regional autonomy is when
each area in Indonesia has their own leaders the leaders are
responsible to take car of their citizens in that area. This solution is
an effective solution because by doing regional autonomy the small
area in Indonesia will be more maintained(terjaga).

12

Whats Happening?
As I look through the crowd
I see a lot of people
With the same emotions on
their faces
Sadly those are dejected
emotions
Decorating their beautiful
faces
As I look through the crowd
I heard a lot of noises
Same bad noises from different
people
Some are even emotionless,
Too numb from the pain
Theyre tired of crying
So they stopped trying
And became lifeless

All because we are treated

unfairly
By the ones who had the
power
To do anything they wanted
Using their precious suit and
tie
With luxury all around them
They said we have our freedom
Yet we felt captivated
Maybe freedom is being
captivated
People with papers in their
hand
Are happy with their life
In this era
Because its easy when youre
rich
13

You have the power

To do anything you want to
Because,
Money is the power
All these beautiful things
We saw
Are propagandas, lies
None of them are real
Its just an illusion
So that we can trust them

But no,
They took everything from us
They took our money
They took our happiness
They took everything
They said it was for our own
good
But funny, they didnt use their
logic
We are smarter than they think
Theyre talking
About things happening now
Hoping to find solution for our
sake
But theyre conversation is
going nowhere

Going around and around

Like earth's revolution
Without any solution
Or even conclusion
Because the truth, they dont
really care
About us
Though I doubted
That they ever work for us
Nor for the country
Oh, what a shame
This country was once glorious
Because our father of nation
Is born into this world
He created a real country
But then
Was born the one
Whos desperate of authority
He seized our fathers position
To be the one most powerful
In the country
But he couldnt do it well
Millions of problem kept going
on
Im dying of shame
Embarrassed of this
embarrassing thing

14

Michiko Watanabe

Problems of Indonesia
Indonesia has a lot
of
urgent
problems
nowadays, from the daily
activities until a big event
problem.
The
daily
activities as in traffic, we
went out to the streets
everyday and we got a problem there, which is traffic and still hasn't
been solved effectively until now. The big event problems are such
as corruption or poverty, both can be connected to each other
indirectly. One of the causes of poverty is corruption and there are
tons of other reasons why Indonesia is still dealing with poverty.
Some kids cant even go to school to learn because their
family is below the line of poverty. So theyll end up working in the
young age to help their family financially. This is one of a lot urgent
problems that are happening in
Indonesia. Because if the young
generations didn't get any education,
how are they going to run the
country in the future? One of the
reasons why kids cant afford to go
to school beside poverty is their own
parent told them to work instead of
going to school to learn. Why?
Besides of their needs of more
money, their parents did not think
for the future, they think of their own
sakes for now. Also, their parents did
not have any suitable job and they
end up being beggars and teach
their kids to be one too.
This beggars case is also an urgent problem that Indonesia
still deals with. The problem can be called as unemployment, other
than poverty or corruption; unemployment is also a common urgent
problem in Indonesia. Well basically, poverty can be caused by
unemployment. Because if people did not work, where will they get

their money? No job then no money as well. Although the

government had provide kinds of job for them but they refused and
choses
being beggars rather than
working in
a particular thing.

Governments Action
The government had tried to find any solution for these urgent
problems. But none are actually effective, or it does but only for a
certain time. So the solution from the government is not
sustainable.
This
can
be
seen
by
the
data
from
th
www.data.worldbank.org (August 28 ), which is in 2005 the poverty
rate of Indonesia is low but then when it comes to 2006, the poverty
rate increases. Thankfully after that the poverty rate is decreasing
every year until in 2014, it is the lowest poverty rate in the data.
What they did are things like making programs to decrease the
poverty in Indonesia. Such as they made a card for people who is
below the rate if poverty, it is called KKS to symbolize families who
is poor.
Not only that, government had tried lot solutions back then
but it never actually works 100% effectively. They had made another
card to symbolize poor people but this card is especially for humans
health, which is called BPJS. So, we need to find an effective and
sustainable solution so Indonesia will not deal with poverty,
unemployment, etc. anymore.

Our Solution
Other solutions we might do and will be effective for us all are
we needed to make those kinds of people change their minds, their
way of thinking. People who dont want to work should be reminded
of how important it is and they need to work if they want something.
So if they want to get money, they must work first. We will remind
them by making a sort of campaign that will make them understand

and hopefully change their ways of thinking. Change their ways of

thinking as in making them think that its not good being a beggar.
Youll have more benefit in having a job rather than being a beggar.
Yes, you could get more money and do nothing in exchange for it
but its not a good thing. Also there are rules in the Laws and
Regulation of Indonesia that being a beggar should be arrested.
We also are going to ask the government to give more
employments for the people who wanted to have a job after the
campaign or for people who changed their way of thinking and now
having better ones. But if they didnt want to have a job and still
chooses being beggars after the campaign/reminding and
employment given by the government, then we should give them a
little bit of violence. Not violence as in physical treatments but
violence as in making them get in jail for a month if they refuses to
have a job and continues to be beggars. One way or another they
must have job no matter what so if they did not want to have any,
then, we should take actions. It is for their own, our countrys and
governments sakes.

Education always wins

By: Magahra Adipura
Education is the source of living
Without it we cant be called human
Poverty is a dire
That needs to be solve
Dont carelessly admire
Or the whole country will be involve
Our society needs strong leaders
That could make a change
For this country
Can this be the answer to our problem?

Like water and fire

Education kills poverty
Learn, learn, learn
Everybody needs a good education
Like owls need its prey to survive

Maghara Adipura

What is Poverty?
Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic
needs including food, clothing and shelter. Poverty is generally
divided into two parts, absolute and relative poverty. Absolute
poverty is when people lack the basic needs of survival. For example
they may be starving, lack of clean water, unproper housing
(homeless), not enough clothing and medicines to survive. Relative
poverty is the condition in which people lack the minimum amount
of income needed in ored to maintain the average standards of
living in the society. Poverty can be cause by lots of things such as
lack of education, unemployment, disease, and many more. But lets
just focus on the education.

1998/1999=
24.2%
1999/2000=
23.4%
2000
=
19.1%
2001
=
18.4%
2002
=
18.2%
2003
=

Poverty in Indonesia

In
Indonesia, we can
still see lots of
beggars
and
homeless people
around the city.
Heres the data of
poverty
in
Indonesia
from
1998-2008 based
on
presidenri.go.id.
We can see that the poverty rate is decreasing within 10
years. Its a good thing but, it is estimated that it will be increasing
in the next 5 years. Followed by www.ekonomi.inilah.com
(September 15th), On March 15th the amount of poverty reached
28.59 million people (11.22%). It increased from September 2014 by
0.86 million people. Even the latest data of poverty is still very high.
What did the government actually do to solve poverty?

Governments solution
We are still currently wondering what is the solution given by
the government to solve poverty. Based on www.tnp2k.go.id
(September 15th) The solution that is given by Jokowi-JK is KKS
(Kartu Simpanan Keluarga Sejahtera). The card is given for people
who doesnt have enough needs for their familiy. The card gives
services for the poor family such as productive deposits, chance to
open a business and work, continuing of studies for children, and
health insurance. The solution is quite effective but lets focus on
the continuing of studies for children. The children needs to be
educated well. The curriculum that Indonesia still hold is not quite
effective in developing their complex thinking and creativity. How is
the condition of education in Indonesia?

Education in Indonesia
Education is about learning knowledge, skills, values, and
beliefs. Based on the website BBC, Indonesias education system
ranks the lowest in the world according to the global league table.

Followed by Education For All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report 2011

that is released by UNESCO, the Education Development Index (EDI)
based on 2008 is 0.934. That score place Indonesia at 69 th position
out of 127 countries in the world. EDI is said to be high if it reaches
0.95 to 1. The medium category is above 0.80 while the lowest
category is belom 0.80. Indonesias national curriculum still rely on
multiple choices, memorizing books contents, and many more.
Multiple choices is not a good way to develop the students complex
thinking and creativity. Memorizing doesnt help in the improvement
of students mind as well. As we can see, the education in Indonesia
is not that excellent. If we want to solve poverty, we need to
precede the childrens first. Indonesias education needs to be
change its structure. Although the government had provided the
continuing of studies for children and the education is still not right,
it is still hard for us to solve poverty. So what is the right education
for the children?

The solution
Indonesias ideal education curriculum needs to be developing
more of complex thinking, creativity and innovation, collaboration,
communication, social problem solving, complex thinking,
adaptation and agility and ethical leadership. The government had
given the children the continuing of studies in school. But the
national curriculum needs to be change its structure. School in
Indonesia that has fulfill the ideal curriculum is Sekolah Highscope
Indonesia. In their middle school program, they extend student
knowledge and skills by integrating several subjects to make them
more meaningful and related to real life situations. In their high
school program, they introduce the student of internship. Internship
is where students experience in an occupation or profession. By
changing the whole national curriculum structure, we can filled in
the lack of an ideal education needed for the children for a better
future. Also the children of Indonesia can be creative on making
business that will prevent unemployment that causes poverty for
this country.
Bibliography
http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/esic/overview/cont
ent/what_is_poverty.html
http://www.eapn.eu/en/what-is-poverty/poverty-what-is-it
http://socialworksketch.com/index.php/en/2-news/7-percepatan-

penanggulangan-kemiskinan.html
http://www.tnp2k.go.id/id/program/program-membangun-keluargaproduktif/tentang-program-keluarga-produktif/
http://disdikpora.palangkaraya.go.id/berita-160-kualitas-pendidikanindonesia-ranking-69-tingkat-dunia.html
http://highscope.or.id/en/high-school-programs.html
http://www.internships.com/student/resources/basics/what-is-aninternship