SAC Breakdown: Where to start revising

Purpose of this document is to highlight the areas you need to revise for every SAC
based on the errors you made. You should use this as your revision starting point.
Then apply the same process to the answering of exam questions.

SAC 1: Movement across a membrane

Common errors:
-

Levels of protein structure and shape

Names of organelles and their functions/depiction

SAC 2 and 3: Enzymes and Photosynthesis

Common errors:
-

Difference between endergonic and exergonic

Labeled diagram of an enzymatic reaction including the definitions of the
terms and the steps involved in an enzyme catalyzed reaction
What is the compensation point in photosynthesis
At what wavelengths of light does chlorophyll work best at
Differences between anabolic and catabolic
Photosynthesis rate of reaction
Enzyme rates of reaction
Where is NADPH created in photosynthesis

SAC 4: Signal Transduction

Common errors:
-

What is apoptosis and give an example

Differences between pheromones and hormones
What is meant by the term postsynaptic
Define negative feedback and give a biological example
What gives a molecules the ability to dissolve in water? Give examples of
molecules that cant dissolve in water
Define signal transduction
What is the role of secondary messenger, give an example
Name the organelles present in a synapse of a neuron and explain their
function
Draw a reflex arc and label it
Explain how an action potential is propagated and draw a flow chart

SAC 5: Immunology
Common errors:
-

Differences between viruses, bacteria and prions

Explain the terms prokaryotic and eukaryotic and name 3 pathogens for each
Investigate fungus as a parasite and describe how and where it causes
disease
Explain the function of interferons and what cells release it and why
Draw a table that describes the reactivity of blood groups
What immune cells can perform phagocytosis
Create a flow chart on how blood clotting works
Draw a poster of the non-specific immune system and the specific immune
system
Draw a flow chart of adaptive immunity i.e. Natural and Artificial/Active and
Passive
Explain the function of lymph nodes and what occurs in the lymph
Difference between lymphocytes and leukocytes
Outline the steps involved in an allergic reaction
What is the name of the cells that create antibodies and how are they
promoted to be made
Explain the process behind an autoimmune disease
Outline the steps behind initiation of the adaptive immune system
Explain how vaccinations work to promote immunity

SAC 6: Molecular genetics

Common errors:
-

Outline the process that creates a recombinant plasmid

Explain bacterial transformation
Outline the differences between blunt and sticky ends
What is the difference between cutting a plasmid and linear chromosome
with a restriction enzyme
Why do we need to use a standard every time gel electrophoresis performed
Outline the steps in PCR
Explain the process of post transcriptional modification, include a diagram
In detail describe how DNA profiling works
Draw the cell cycle and label the steps. Then outline what occurs at each step
What is the function of a repressor protein
What is meant by kilo base and how many bases are needed to create a
codon and what does a codon code for?
Draw a molecule of tRNA and label it
Outline the steps in DNA replication
Outline the steps in meiosis and mitosis and list the differences
What is a karyotype

List the types of mutation and describe each

Outline the way a mutation could cause a truncated protein
Explain why different individuals have different sized fragments and their
DNA has been cut with a specific restriction enzyme
How much DNA is present in G1 and G2
Outline the differences between apoptosis and necrosis and give an example
of when each occurs
Why are offspring created by meiosis better at surviving then offspring
mitosis?

SAC 7: Inheritance
Common errors:
-

Create a flow chart that describes the stages of mitosis

Define cytokinesis and explain the difference between cytokinesis in plants
and animals
What process allows the daughter cells in meiosis to be unique
Explain the terms Test Cross and Back Cross
Explain independent assortment

General points:
-

More
More
More
More

dihybrid crosses with linkage questions need to be preformed

pedigree questions need to be attempted
Immune system questions need to be attempted
genetic tools and technique questions need to be attempted

Overall more exam questions need to be completed. If you have nothing to do

please ask for more exams!