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Group 1
Mary Kimberly Dimla
Mark Jadrian
Partolan
March Tracy Salinas
Kristensen Torres
Rheumatoid arthritis
• Characteristics of the disease
RA is a chronic inflammation disease, primarily affecting the joints
and periarticular tissues.
MATERIALS:
1. TEST SERUM. The test serum need not be inactivated, although inactivated
serum maybe used.
2. LATEX SUSPENSION. This standardized suspension of particles 0.81 u in
diameter.
3. RA PLASMA FRACTION II. This purified human IgG.
4. RA BUFFER. This is a isotonic buffer with a pH of 8.2 when rehyrated.
5. 10 X 75 mm test tubes. (round bottomed)
PREPARATION OF ANTIGEN
1. To determine the milliliters of buffer required, multiply the number of serum samples to be
tested 3 and add 3
2. Divide the number of milliliters of buffer required by 20. This is the amount of RA plasma
fraction II required.
3. Divide the
Kismet Eighteen: number of milliliters of buffer required by 100. This is the amount of latex
suspension required.
4. in the examples given above, mix 33ml of RA buffer with 1.65ml of RA plasma fraction II
and add 0.33 of latex suspension. This will be the “antigen” in use in the test.
METHOD:
1. Set up 3 test tube rack for each test serum.
2. Add 1.9 ml of test serum to tube 1, mix and transfer 1.0 ml to tube 2, mix and
transfer 1.0 ml to tube 3 and discard 1.0 ml from this tube.
3. Add 1.0 ml of the ‘’antigen” to each tube.
4. Shake and incubate the tubes at 56º for 2 hours.
5. Centrifuge at 2,300 rpm for 4minutes.
6. Read macroscopically for agglutination.
Interpretation
Any agglutination in tubes 2 and 3 is considered positive. The report will state
“positive” or “negative”; no titer
METHOD5: THE 1-MINUTE LATEX AGGLUTINATION
TEST FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
DETERMINTATION OF RHEUMATOID FACTOR IN
SERUM (RHEUMATEX)
Two test kits are in common use as rapid screening-techniques for RA. These kits
are provided by Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, NJ, and are known as
“Rheumatex” “Rheumaton”.
titer of standard
When using RF latex tests, a titer of 80 or greater is generally considered
a positive reaction, a titer of 20 or 40 is considered a weakly positive
reaction. If
there is no agglutination at 1:20, the specimen should be considered
negative for rheumatoid factor, even if subsequent dilution shows
agglutination.
Journal
“Rethinking the therapeutic pyramid for rheumatoid arthritis”
Intramuscular Gold
Several controlled studies have shown intramuscular gold to be effective in treating
rheumatoid arthritis.
Penicillamine
Most of the side effects of penicillamine are similar in incidence and type to those seen with
intramuscular gold (mouth sores, rash, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia).
Corticosteroid
When economy of dose, onset of action and symptomatic efficacy are taken into
consideration corticosteroid are certainly bargain basement treatment for rheumatoid
arthritis.
Immunosuppressive agents
The use of this drug is to treat rheumatoid arthritis has increased in the last few years. The
three immunosuppressive agents most commonly used are methotrexate, azathioprine and
cyclophosphamide.
-Methotrexat
Is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductose, which provides for protein and nucleic
acid synthesis. It is tolerated longer and has a more rapid onset of action than
intramuscular gold or penicillamine.
-Cyclophosphamide
Has also been used extensively to treat rheumatoid arthritis than we were in the
past to use immunosuppressive agents early in the disease.