The End of WWI

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By mid- 1918 the United States was fully
involved in the war and Germany was
definitely struggling
The last Hundred days of the war saw a
final push and effort by Germany which
resulted in extreme casualties for both
sides.
Canadians led numerous successful
campaigns here
On November 11th 1918 the armistice to end
the war was signed
In January 1919, the Paris Peace Conference

Results of WWI
Retreat of Germany caused upheaval in
Germany and Austria-Hungary
Anarchy and revolution was widespread
this led to the rise of Fascism in Europe
Austro-Hungarian empire dissolved
Russian and Ottoman empires
disintegrated
Germany became a republic Kaiser in
exile
New maps of Europe and the Middle East

The Numbers at the End of the

War
10 million
dead
21 million
wounded
$330 billion
costs of war

The Treaty of Versailles

Architects

Clemenceau

Georges Clemenceau was the

Prime Minister of France from
1917-1920 and one of the
architects of the Treaty of
Versailles.

David Lloyd George was the

British Prime Minister through
WWI
Both Clemenceau and George
were major players in the Paris
Peace Conference of 1919 and
the creation of and signing of the

George

The Treaty of Versailles

Leaders met to discuss lasting peace

The Treaty included:

1.Germany accepting responsibility
2.Significant territorial loss for Germany
3.Restrictions for Germany with regards to
military and industry

German Military Losses

Germany suffered territorial loss, and had
to accept responsibility for the war.
They also had severe military restrictions
put on them following the conflict.
Army reduced to 100,000
No tanks, 6 naval ships, no subs
Rhineland became a demilitarized zone
15 year occupation of the Rhineland by
Allies armies.

German Territorial Losses

Alsace-Lorraine France

Eupen and Malmedy Belguim

Northern Schleswig Denmark
Hultschin Czechoslovakia
West Prussia, Posen, Memel, and German overseas colonies
Under control of the League of Nations
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk land Returned to Russia and Poland
Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia were new states

German Financial Losses

Germany lost industrial territory
Lost coal from the Saar and
Upper Silesia
Forbidden from uniting with
Austria
The goal of this was to keep the
economic potential of Germany
to a minimum and stop attempts
to rebuild the German economy

Germany: The War Guilt Clause

Full responsibility for starting the war was to be
accepted by Germany
Clause 231 War Guilt Clause
Germany was responsible for starting the war
Germany therefore, was responsible for all damage
caused by the war
Germany had to pay reparations
Reparations to go to France and Belgium
Payment in kind or cash
Germans to write a blank cheque for Allies to cash
when they wanted
Allies threatened renewed war if Germany did not

The Treaty of Versailles: Canada

Due to the fact that Canadas contribution to the war was

outstanding, they were granted their own place at the Paris Peace
Conference

They had a separate signature on the Treaty of Versailles

Why was this such a big deal???

Because it marked a point in history where Canada was no longer
just an extension of Britain. This is one moment among many
where Canada was visibly developing their own identity apart from
Britain on the world stage.

 Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson was
the President of the
United States during
WWI
At the end of the war
he had a list of 14
points for the postwar world

Wilsons 14 Points
Wilsons 14 points were:

- Against compensation from Germany to the Allies

- For the return of land to the major powers who
lost it
- No sanctions on central powers
- Countries grow with no restrictions Germany
was included in this
- End to secret treaties between countries
- Reduce countrys weapons and armed forces
- National self-determination, no nationality having
the power to govern others
- League of Nations All countries belong and
provide collective security to one another

The League of Nations

The League of Nations was founded at the
Paris Peace Conference
The goal of the league was to maintain world
peace
This was the first international organization
to do this
Collective Security and Disarmament to
prevent wars
Negotiation and arbitration to settle
international disputes
Also included: labour conditions, treatment
of native inhabitants, human trafficking,
drug trafficking, global health, POWs,

Paris Peace Conference

Spanish Flu: 1918

Flu pandemic
Remote pacific islands and Arctic, but
also around the world (50-100 million
deaths)
Unusually deadly
Killed between 1 and 5 % of the
worlds population
Early reports of death and illness
were minimized to maintain morale
(Germany, Britain, France, USA)

The End