Tutorial 1 Solutions

1.

n2

n1

n2

` = The length of longest ray

L = The length of the shortest ray
Based on the geometrical considerations we can write:
L
L
n2
=
where sin c =
.
cos
sin c
n1
c
The velocity of light in the core is v =
.
n1
2
n1 L
n L
L
Ln1
`
= 1 and tshortest = =
tlongest = =
v
c sin c
n2 c
v
c


2
n L Ln1
Ln1 n1
tlongest tshortest = 1
=
1
n2 c
c
c
n2
`=

The time delay between the two rays taking the shortest and longest paths is a measure of the broadening
experienced by a pulse launched at the fiber input.
2.
V =

2a

For single-mode operation Vmax = 2.405

2.405 =

2a
1.4562 1.4542 a 6.52 m
1.3

The maximum core diameter 13 m.

n21 n22

3. The total amount of pulse spreading is obtained using the following expression:
tmax = |D| L
tmax = 80 1 100 = 8 ns. Using the formula B =

1
, the maximum data rate is found to be
4tmax

31.25 Mbits/s.
4. Using the formula for the attenuation we have

When L = 1,

Pout
= exp (L) .
Pin

(1)

0.999 = exp()

(2)

Pout
= 0.999. So, we get
Pin

From Eq. (2) it is found that = 0.0010005 m1 .

Pout
= exp (10000 0.0010005) = 4.52 105 .
For L = 10000 meters,
Pin
5.
V =

cutoff =

2a
2.405

2a

n21 n22

n21 n22

For = 0.003 and n1 = 1.5, cutoff = 1.518 m.

2a
n1 2
2.405