Basic Chemistry

Fourth Edition

Unit 3 Gases
Partial Pressures
Learning Goal Use Daltons
Law of partial pressures to
calculate the total pressure of a
mixture of gases.
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Partial Pressure
The partial pressure of a gas
is the pressure of each gas in a mixture
is the pressure that gas would exert if it
were by itself in the container

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Partial Pressure
Daltons law of partial pressures states
that the total pressure
depends on the total number of gas
particles, not on the types of particles
exerted by a gas mixture is the sum of the
partial pressures of those gases
PT = P1 + P2 + P3 .....
Total pressure of
the gas mixture

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= Sum of the partial pressures of

the gases in the mixture

Total Pressure Equal Sum of Partial

Pressures

The total pressure of two gases is the sum

of their partial pressures.
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Air, Mixture of Gases

The air you breathe is
a mixture of gases.
A typical mixture of
gases in the air
includes: N2, O2, CO2,
Ar, and H2O.

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Air, Mixture of Gases

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Learning Check
A scuba tank contains O2 with a pressure of
0.450 atm and He at 855 mmHg. What is the
total pressure in mmHg in the tank?

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Solution
A scuba tank contains O2 with a pressure of
0.450 atm and He at 855 mmHg. What is the
total pressure in mmHg in the tank?
Step 1 Write the equation for the sum of
partial pressures.

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Solution
A scuba tank contains O2 with a pressure of
0.450 atm and He at 855 mmHg. What is the
total pressure in mmHg in the tank?
Step 2 Rearrange the equation to solve for
the unknown pressure.

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Solution
A scuba tank contains O2 with a pressure of
0.450 atm and He at 855 mmHg. What is the
total pressure in mmHg in the tank?
Step 3 Substitute known pressures into the
equation and calculate the unknown
pressure.

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Collecting Gas over Water

A gas produced in the laboratory
usually contains water vapor
PT = Pwater + Pgas
has a partial pressure obtained by
subtracting the vapor pressure of water from
the PT

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Collecting Gas over Water

Magnesium (Mg) reacts with HCl, to produce H 2
gas.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
As the H2 gas is produced, it displaces some of
the water in the container.
The gas collected will be a mixture of H 2 and
water vapor.

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Collecting Gas over Water

We use the vapor pressure of water at the
experimental temperature to determine the
amount of dry H2 gas produced in the reaction.
Figure 11.9 A gas from a
reaction is collected by
bubbling through water.
Due to evaporation of
water, the total pressure is
equal to the partial pressure
of the gas and the vapor
pressure of water.
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Guide, Collecting Gas over Water

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Learning Check
When magnesium reacts with HCl, a volume of
0.355 L of H2 gas is collected over water at 26 C.
The vapor pressure of water at 26 C is 25
mmHg. If the total pressure is 752 mmHg, how
many moles of H2 gas were collected?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

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Solution
In the following reaction 0.355 L sample of H 2
gas is collected over water at 26 C. If the total
pressure is 752 mmHg, how many moles of H2
gas were collected?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Step 1 Obtain the vapor pressure of water.
The vapor pressure of water at 26 C is
25 mmHg.

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Solution
In the following reaction 0.355 L sample of H 2
gas is collected over water at 26 C. If the total
pressure is 752 mmHg, how many moles of H2
gas were collected?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Step 2 Subtract the vapor pressure from the
total P of the gas mixture to give the
partial pressure of needed gas.

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Solution
In the following reaction 0.355 L sample of H 2
gas is collected over water at 26 C. If the total
pressure is 752 mmHg, how many moles of H2
gas were collected?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Step 3 Use the ideal gas law to convert Pgas to
moles or grams of gas collected.

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Solution
Step 3 Use the ideal gas law to convert Pgas to
moles or grams of gas collected.
Solve for moles of H2 gas by placing the
partial pressure of H2 (727 mmHg),
volume of gas container (0.355 L),
temperature (26 C + 273 = 299 K), and R,
using mmHg into the ideal gas equation.

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Chemistry Link to Health

During breathing, an exchange of gases occurs
in which
oxygen from the air diffuses into the lungs
and into the blood
carbon dioxide produced in the cells is
carried to the lungs to be exhaled

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Chemistry Link to Health

In Table 11.8, partial pressures are given for
the gases in air that we inhale (inspired air),
air in the alveoli, and air that we exhale
(expired air).
The partial pressure of water vapor increases
within the lungs because the vapor pressure
of water is 47 mmHg at body temperature.

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Chemistry Link to Health

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Chemistry Link to Health

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Concept Map

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