Bank Locker Security System Based On Two-Factor Authentication Project Report by S.sutharshan

BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Technology, Engineering and the

Environment
BSc [Hons] Computer Networks and Security
Individual Project Final Report

CMP6102
Bank Locker Security System Based on Two-factor
Authentication
Student Name
: Sivasankar Sutharshan
Student Number
: T31401079/ 14144065
Supervisor
: Professor. N G J Dias
Submission Date
: 14.09.2015
i
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that this project, the entire design and creation of Bank locker system
based on two-factor authentication was carried out and submitted as true work of
Sivasankar Sutharshan of registration number 14144065 under the supervision of Prof. N
G J Dias and Dr. Hesiri Dhammika Weerasinghe from the Faculty of Technology,
Engineering and the Environment, Birmingham City University.
Signed: Sivasankar Sutharshan
14.09.2015
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ABSTRACT
The main objective of this report is to convey and implement a bank locker security system
based on two-factor authentication that improves the safety and security of bank lockers.
In this system only the authentic user recover the possessions from the lockers and the
two independent authentication used, which are fingerprint biometric and one-time
password send over GSM network. The fingerprint biometric can deliver a high level of
security by discounting the need of remember PINs, multiple password and no necessity
of carrying keys and identify proof. The one-time password is required to access the locker
even if fingerprint biometric compromised.
The rapid application development methodology project life circle is followed in order to
develop the system efficiently. The program was developed in Arduino Integrated
Development Environment.
This report presents the details on architecture, integration and different design aspects
of Bank locker security system. Wide operating rage, low cost of equipment, high security
and reliability are some of the major advantages of this project. It is envisioned that the
bank locker security system based on two-factor authentication shall eventually replace
the manual traditional methods followed in bank locker systems and hence provide
feasible way for a better locker service.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my Professor. N G J Dias and Dr. Hesiri Dhammika Weerasinghe for
offering their precious time, continuous help and support regarding this project for its
success. My heartfelt of gratitude goes to you for helping me at every step with necessary
guidance.
Secondly, I wish to thank Auston library for providing books efficiently which helped me
extremely, to gain knowledge on the subject matters and as guidance for the assignment.
Thirdly, I would like to thank my friends and batch mates for everything that they have
done to help me with this project, and also my parents for providing me with all necessary
equipment and support.
Finally, I thank Birmingham City University to giving me such project to gain my knowledge
most practical in Individual Project CMP6102.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................iv
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................. xiv
1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Problem definition ................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Software ......................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Hardware ....................................................................................................... 3
1.2.3 Limitation of this project .................................................................................. 3
1.3 Rational ................................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Aim of the project .................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Objectives of the project ....................................................................................... 4
1.6 Product description ............................................................................................... 5
1.7 Organization of this thesis..................................................................................... 6
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 7
2.1 Existing system related work ................................................................................ 7
2.1.1 Bank locker security system based on RFID and GSM technology ................ 7
2.1.2 Bank locker system using microcontroller based on fingerprint technology .... 9
2.1.3 Locker system based on RFID, fingerprint, password and GSM technology . 10
2.1.4 Proposed bank locker system based on Two-factor authentication .............. 11
2.2 Comparative study of existing system and proposed bank locker system ........... 11
2.3 Executive summary ............................................................................................ 14
3.0 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Approach ............................................................................................................ 15
3.1.1 Project requirements planning phase ........................................................... 16
3.1.2 Project user design phase ............................................................................ 17
3.1.3 Construction phase ...................................................................................... 17
3.1.4 Cutover phase .............................................................................................. 17
3.2 Overview of bank locker system design and its process ..................................... 18
3.2.1 Complete Flow chart of bank locker system ................................................. 19
3.2.2 Enrollment phase of bank locker system ...................................................... 20
3.2.3 Fundamental stages of bank locker systems ................................................ 21
3.3 Hardware Design Specifications ......................................................................... 22
3.3.1 Arduino Mega 2560 ...................................................................................... 22
3.3.2 I2C Serial Enabled 16x2 LCD Module Display Screen ................................. 23
3.3.3 4x4 Matrix 16 Key Switch Keypad ................................................................ 24
3.3.4 Piezo buzzer ................................................................................................ 24
3.3.5 Real time clock module ................................................................................ 25
3.3.6 YWRobot Relay (5VDC) ............................................................................... 26
3.3.7 Fingerprint Scanner - TTL (GT-511C3)......................................................... 26
3.3.8 SIM800L Fona Mini Cellular GSM module.................................................... 27
3.3.9 Lithium Ion Polymer Battery ......................................................................... 27
3.3.10 Passive Inferred Sensor ............................................................................. 28
3.3.11 Vibration Sensor ......................................................................................... 28
3.3.12 Lock style solenoid (12V) ........................................................................... 28
3.3.13 Metal on/off switch (5V-12V) ...................................................................... 29
3.4 Software design specifications ............................................................................ 29
3.4.1 Sketch Overview in the concern of Bank locker system ................................ 29
3.4.2 Arduino IDE overview in the concern of Bank locker system ........................ 30
3.5 Hardware Implementation ................................................................................... 31
3.5.1 I2C LCD ....................................................................................................... 31
3.5.2 4x4 Matrix 16 Key Switch Keypad ................................................................ 32
3.5.3 Piezo Buzzer ................................................................................................ 33
3.5.4 Real time clock module ................................................................................ 33
3.5.5 YWRobot Relay (5VDC) and lock style solenoid .......................................... 34
3.5.6 Fingerprint Scanner - TTL (GT-511C3)......................................................... 35
3.5.7 SIM800L Fona Mini Cellular GSM module.................................................... 36
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3.5.8 Passive Inferred Sensor ............................................................................... 37

3.5.9 Vibration Sensor........................................................................................... 38
3.5.10 Metal on/off switch ..................................................................................... 39
3.5.11 Circuit diagram of complete bank locker system: ........................................ 40
3.5.12 Project Prototype........................................................................................ 41
3.6 Software Implementation .................................................................................... 42
3.6.1 Keypad coding ............................................................................................. 42
3.6.2 Real time clock coding ................................................................................. 43
3.6.3 Random number password generator coding ............................................... 44
3.6.4 Fingerprint enrollment coding ....................................................................... 45
3.6.5 Delete an ID coding ...................................................................................... 46
3.6.6 Fingerprint verification coding....................................................................... 47
3.6.7 Fona GSM coding ........................................................................................ 48
3.6.8 Vibration sensor coding ................................................................................ 49
3.6.9 PIR sensor coding ........................................................................................ 50
3.6.10 Relay coding .............................................................................................. 51
3.6.11 I2C Lcd coding ........................................................................................... 52
3.6.12 Entire bank locker system coding ............................................................... 52
4.0 TESTING AND RESULTS ...................................................................................... 53
4.1 System testing results......................................................................................... 53
4.1.1 Enrollment testing ........................................................................................ 53
4.1.2 Admin login testing ....................................................................................... 55
4.1.3 two-factor verification testing ........................................................................ 56
4.1.4 Sensors testing ............................................................................................ 57
4.2 Test cases for further evidence on actual system ............................................... 58
4.2.1 Case 01 - Enrollment.................................................................................... 58
4.2.2 Case 02 - Admin login access ...................................................................... 59
4.2.3 Case 03 - Admin login access denied .......................................................... 60
4.2.4 Case 04 - Two-factor authentication for accessing a bank locker ................. 61
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4.2.5 Case 05 - Bank locker locked mode ............................................................. 64

4.2.6 Case 06 - PIR Sensor .................................................................................. 66
4.2.7 Case 07 - Vibration Sensor .......................................................................... 66
4.2.8 Case 08 - Delete an ID function ................................................................... 67
4.2.9 Case 09 - One-time password expiration...................................................... 68
4.3 Unit testing results .............................................................................................. 69
4.3.1 Keypad actual output.................................................................................... 69
4.3.2 I2C LCD actual output .................................................................................. 70
4.3.3 Random one-time password generation actual output .................................. 70
4.3.4 RTC module actual output ............................................................................ 71
4.3.5 Solenoid actual output .................................................................................. 72
4.3.6 Fingerprint scanner actual output ................................................................. 73
4.3.7 Fona GSM actual output .............................................................................. 74
4.3.8 Vibration sensor actual output ...................................................................... 75
4.3.9 PIR sensor actual output .............................................................................. 76
4.4 User acceptance testing results .......................................................................... 77
4.4.1 Current status of existing bank locker system evaluation results .................. 78
4.4.2 Current failures of existing bank locker system evaluation results ................ 78
4.4.3 Best solution to overcome current issues evaluation results ......................... 79
4.4.4 Flexibility of bank locker system evaluation results ....................................... 79
4.4.5 Performance of the developed bank locker system ...................................... 80
4.4.6 Overall developed locker system functions test results................................. 80
4.4.7 Success and error rate of developed bank locker system ............................. 81
4.4.8 Process time of each function of the locker system ...................................... 81
4.5 Executive summary ............................................................................................ 82
5.0 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................... 83
6.0 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 85
7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ...................................................... 86
8.0 REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 87
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9.0 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 90

9.1 Type of measurements ....................................................................................... 90
9.1.1 Measuring process ....................................................................................... 91
9.1.2 The fingerprint system architecture: ............................................................. 92
9.2 Components features, specifications and schematic diagram ............................. 93
9.2.1 Specifications of Arduino mega 2560 r3 board ............................................. 93
9.2.2 Keyapd 4x4 .................................................................................................. 93
9.2.3 Piezo buzzer ................................................................................................ 94
9.2.4 RTC Module ................................................................................................. 95
9.2.5 YWrobot relay .............................................................................................. 96
9.2.6 Fona GSM module ....................................................................................... 97
9.2.7 PIR sensor ................................................................................................... 98
9.2.8 Vibration sensor ........................................................................................... 98
9.2.9 Solenoid ....................................................................................................... 99
9.4 Bank locker system code implementation ......................................................... 100
9.5 Questionnaire ................................................................................................... 119
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Comparative study of existing system ............................................................. 11
Table 2 Pin definition of I2C LCD ................................................................................. 31
Table 3 Pin definition of 4x4 keypad ............................................................................. 32
Table 4 Pin definition of buzzer .................................................................................... 33
Table 5 Pin definition of RTC ....................................................................................... 33
Table 6 Pin definition of relay and solenoid .................................................................. 34
Table 7 Pin definition fingerprint scanner ..................................................................... 35
Table 8 Pin definition of Fona GSM module ................................................................. 36
Table 9 Pin definition of PIR sensor ............................................................................. 37
Table 10 Pin definition of vibration sensor .................................................................... 38
Table 11 Pin definition of Metal on/off switch................................................................ 39
Table 12 Enrollment testing.......................................................................................... 53
Table 13 Admin login testing ........................................................................................ 55
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Table 14 Two-factor authentication testing ................................................................... 56

Table 15 Sensor testing ............................................................................................... 57
Table 16 Processing time of each function ................................................................... 81
Table 17 Specifications of Arduino mega 2560 ............................................................ 93
Table 18 Flow chart dictionary ..................................................................................... 99
Table 19 Bank locker system complete coding ........................................................... 100
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1 Bank locker system product description ............................................................... 5
Fig. 2 Block diagram of locker system based on RFID and GSM ................................... 8
Fig. 3 Block diagram of locker system based on fingerprint technologhy ........................ 9
Fig. 4 Block diagram of lokcer system based on RFID, fingerprint,password and GSM 10
Fig. 5 Rad development methodologhy ........................................................................ 15
Fig. 6 Block diagram of proposed bank locker system .................................................. 18
Fig. 7 Flow chart of complete bank locker system ........................................................ 19
Fig. 8 Flow chart of enrollment phase........................................................................... 20
Fig. 9 Arduino Mega 2560 ............................................................................................ 22
Fig. 10 Arduino Meg pin definition. Alberto [undated] ................................................... 23
Fig. 11 I2c lcd module. Malpartida [undated] ................................................................ 23
Fig. 12 Keypad. Anon. [undated] .................................................................................. 24
Fig. 13 Buzzer. Anon. [undated] ................................................................................... 24
Fig. 14 RTC module. Anon. [undated] .......................................................................... 25
Fig. 15 Relay ................................................................................................................ 26
Fig. 16 Fingerprint scanner. Anon. (2013) .................................................................... 26
Fig. 17 Fona GSM module ........................................................................................... 27
Fig. 18 Polymer batter .................................................................................................. 27
Fig. 19 PIR sensor ....................................................................................................... 28
Fig. 20 Vibration sensor ............................................................................................... 28
Fig. 21 Solenoid ........................................................................................................... 28
Fig. 22 Metal on/off switch............................................................................................ 29
Fig. 23 Arduino IDE ...................................................................................................... 30
Fig. 24 Circuit diagram of I2C LCD............................................................................... 31
Fig. 25 Circuit diagram of 4x4 keypad .......................................................................... 32
Fig. 26 Circuit diagram of buzzer.................................................................................. 33
Fig. 27 Circuit diagram of RTC ..................................................................................... 34
Fig. 28 Circuit diagram of relay and solenoid................................................................ 35

Fig. 29 Circuit diagram of fingerprint scanner ............................................................... 36
Fig. 30 Circuit diagram of fignerprint scanner ............................................................... 37
Fig. 31 Circuit diagram of PIR sensor ........................................................................... 38
Fig. 32 Circuit diagram of Vibration sensor ................................................................... 39
Fig. 33 Circuit diagram of Metal on/off switch ............................................................... 39
Fig. 34 Circuit diagram of complete bank locker system ............................................... 40
Fig. 35 Project prototype .............................................................................................. 41
Fig. 36 Keypad coding ................................................................................................. 42
Fig. 37 Real time module coding .................................................................................. 43
Fig. 38 Random number generator coding ................................................................... 44
Fig. 39 Fingerprint enrollment coding ........................................................................... 45
Fig. 40 Fingerprint enrollment coding continuation ....................................................... 46
Fig. 41 Delete and ID coding ........................................................................................ 46
Fig. 42 Fingerprint verification coding ........................................................................... 47
Fig. 43 Fona GSM coding ............................................................................................ 48
Fig. 44 Vibration sensor coding .................................................................................... 49
Fig. 45 PIR sensor coding ............................................................................................ 50
Fig. 46 Relay coding .................................................................................................... 51
Fig. 47 LCD coding ...................................................................................................... 52
Fig. 48 Testing data of case 1 ...................................................................................... 58
Fig. 52 Actual output of case 1 ..................................................................................... 59
Fig. 63 Locker status .................................................................................................... 63
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Fig. 68 Locker status .................................................................................................... 65
Fig. 76 Keypad output .................................................................................................. 69
Fig. 77 Keypad serial output ......................................................................................... 69
Fig. 78 LCD output ....................................................................................................... 70
Fig. 79 OTP serial output ............................................................................................. 70
Fig. 80 RTC output ....................................................................................................... 71
Fig. 81 RTC serial ouput .............................................................................................. 71
Fig. 82 Solenoid output ................................................................................................ 72
Fig. 83 Solenoid serial output ....................................................................................... 72
Fig. 84 Fingerprint scanner output................................................................................ 73
Fig. 85 Serial output of fingerprint enrollment ............................................................... 73
Fig. 86 Serial output of fingerprint verification............................................................... 74
Fig. 87 Output of Fona GSM module ............................................................................ 74
Fig. 88 Fona testing output........................................................................................... 75
Fig. 89 Vibration sensor output .................................................................................... 75
Fig. 90 Serial output of Vibration sensor....................................................................... 76
Fig. 91 PIR sensor output............................................................................................. 76
Fig. 92 Serial output of PIR sensor ............................................................................... 77
Fig. 93 Status of existing bank locker system ............................................................... 78
Fig. 94 Failures of existing bank locker system ............................................................ 78
Fig. 95 Solution to overcome current issues ................................................................. 79
Fig. 96 Flexibility of bank locker system ....................................................................... 79
Fig. 97 Performance of the bank locker system ............................................................ 80
Fig. 98 Overall test results............................................................................................ 80
Fig. 99 Success and error rate of the locker system ..................................................... 81
Fig. 100 features. davide et al (2009, p.98) .................................................................. 90
Fig. 101 Minutiae features. Yongchang and Kentucky (2008, p.13) .............................. 90
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Fig. 102 Landmarks (Davide et al (2009, p.100) ........................................................... 91

Fig. 103 Image-processing steps. Wen and Srik (2011, p.3) ........................................ 92
Fig. 104 system architecture. Wen and Srik (2011, p.1) ............................................... 92
Fig. 105 Schematic diagram of keypad ........................................................................ 94
Fig. 106 Schematic diagram of buzzer ......................................................................... 95
Fig. 107 Schematic diagram of RTC module ................................................................ 96
Fig. 108 Schematic diagram of relay ............................................................................ 96
Fig. 109 Schematic diagram of Fona GSM ................................................................... 97
Fig. 110 Schematic diagram of PIR .............................................................................. 98
Fig. 111 Schematic diagram of vibration sensor ........................................................... 98
Fig. 112 Schematic diagram of Solenoid ...................................................................... 99
xiii
GLOSSARY
IDE
Integrated Development Environment
RTC
Real Time Clock Module
I2C
Interface to Communicate
LCD
Liquid-crystal display
VDC
Volts Direct Current
GND
Ground
SDA
Serial Data Line
SCL
Serial Clock Line
ADC
Analog to Digital Convertor
DC
Direct Current
LED
Light Emitting Diode
PWM
Pulse Width Modulation
Rx
Receiver
Tx
Transmitter
Voltage
Vcc
Positive Supply Voltage
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

OTP
One-time password
GSM
Global System for Mobile communication
SMS
Short Message Service
UART
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
In todays world, people are more concerned about their safety of valuable things and
accessories which are hardly earned like jewelry, cash, certificates and etc. The bank
lockers are the safest place to protect them, but recent years, bank robberies are
increasing day by day due to traditional methods and security laps. The present bank
locker system security is not very efficient and it can be easily breakable by a smart
larceners as they can get the key or PIN code. The solution to overcome this type of
frauds can be met with the proposed bank locker security system based on two-factor
authentication.
The two factor authentication system is used in Bank ATM transactions and web based
login systems such as Google provide the two factor authentication for their online users,
and also Facebook, MSN and Yahoo that is evolving technology. The idea of two factor
authentication system for bank locker is enabled, to ensure the security and portability of
the information or possessions. One-time password and Fingerprint biometric based two
factor authentication system will be a solution for above discussed requirement that can
be able to eliminate the weaknesses of existing system. In term of security, significant
improvement can be provided by this system.
This system will reduce the fraud and misuse by stealing keys, passwords, PINs and ID
proofs. The PIR and Vibration sensor used in this system to alert in case of theft. If any
unauthorized access is detected by PIR sensor or vibration sensor, the system can raise
alarm to alert bank staff. In this project, the locker provided with simple and low power
consumption Solenoid that controls the lock to the locker instead of a key.
The proposed system would overcome the drawbacks of the existing systems and provide
high security to bank lockers with the use of two independent authentication methods
which are fingerprint biometric and one-time password. When a customer wants to open
a bank locker, he/she supposed to get their fingerprint scan done. If the fingerprint
matches, the system sends the one-time password to the authenticated customer through
the registered phone number and required it to type in the locker system. If the entered
password by the customer matched, the bank locker could be accessed, otherwise the
system sends warning signals and remain in locked status.
The establishment of this bank locker system would reduce time wastage, better use of
replacement with double security, reduction in cost of labor, satisfaction for customers,
reduction of frauds, easy accessibility and overall better service for customers of the bank.
1.1 Problem definition

Bank lockers are plays important role in todays life and it is considered the safest place
to store jewelry, documents, stock certificates and etc. The traditional methods used for
most of banks rely on manual lock and PIN number/ password which are not fully secure.
In manual lock systems, whenever a customer uses the locker, he/she should assist by
the bank staff. This may lead to waste of time for both the customer and the staff. The
major drawback of such manual locker systems are lack of security because the key can
be duplicated. This would lead to theft of the entire valuable possessions in the bank
lockers.
The password, Personal Identification Number (PIN) or smart cards are used for personal
identification to access lockers. Anyhow, the smart cards can be stolen, the password and
PIN numbers can be forgotten or might be guessed. Still many banks struggle to prevent
illegal access, intrusions and stopping secret information disclosure. These all become
problems of traditional bank lockers and leads to bank robberies. The safety of this lockers
need to be ensured and verified through the strong authentication mechanisms in order
to restrict the unauthorized access.
1.2 Scope
The scope of the project is concentrated at two-factor authentication in order to access
the Bank locker system. The project is mainly focused on restricting the unauthorized
access and alerting in case of theft. The fingerprint biometric and one-time password
authentication implemented. The accuracy of fingerprint scanner is depended on
fingerprint sensor specification. More accuracy of fingerprint sensor will provide strong
fingerprint authentication which cannot be forged. The one-time password depended on
the method of random number generation. The project will have software, hardware
implementation and limitations.
1.2.1 Software
The analysis of software implementation need to be identified in order to work on this
project. The primary works for software searching as follows:
Learn the usage of Arduino C, C++ language and its criteria based on the project
objectives.
Identifies the memory usage required by the project that will develop whether it
suits with Arduino Mega 2560 R3 microcontroller or not.
Identifies the software that will be used to load the program to the Arduino Mega
2560 R3 microcontroller using boot loader methods.
Check and explore the entire techniques in the developed program in order to
achieve the project objectives.
1.2.2 Hardware
There are several analysis carried out before proceed to the project requirements for the
hardware implementation as follows:
Designing the bank locker with the lock style solenoid attached to it.
Searching for the material that will be used for project such as wood, nail and locker
opener door.
Built the prototype based on the design and project requirements to facilitate the
system easier.
1.2.3 Limitation of this project
The limitations of this project are identified through the initial system analysis,
development environment and based on the equipments specifications as follows:
Limited time, high commitment and limited technical source and support.
Noise in fingerprint sensed data and spoof of attack.
The continuous power supply needed for the system in order to work lifetime.
The system only focusing on two-factor authentication and alerting. The physical
security is not concerned.
1.3 Rational
By frequent observations and analysis the existing system, questioning and interviewing
people about their personal experience about existing systems drawbacks and solution
for that, the idea of a new and improved system was manifested. In terms of security two
factor authentication is much better solution for solution for bank locker systems that can
be able to provide ease of access, portability, flexibility and reliability. Due to the above
mentioned issues, the proposed solution is based two factor authentication system for
bank lockers.
The main purpose of proposed bank locker security system is to detect and restrict the
access of an unauthorized person who is trying to unlock the bank locker and alerts in the
case of theft.
This proposed system provides double security by using fingerprint and on time password
through GMS module. The fingerprint collection and capturing are done in minimum time
due to optical sensor and the small template size. The major benefit are harder to fake,
guess, misplace and forget when compared to user selected password. James and
Prasad (2011, pp. 4-5)
The random number generated by the microcontroller is sent to lockers users phone with
the help of GSM module and eliminate the necessity to remember the password. The
random number is a one-time password with time expiration and once it is used, the
code will be expired. Within the time limit, the password must be entered to the system.
This ensures that the password cannot be hacked and gives added value to the system.
When the banks proceed with the locker system, it would benefit through high level of
security, unique among its competitors who operate only PIN system in its technological
operation. The internal strength of the banks would seek a rapid increase in customer
confidence in the bank, brand image and degree of reach in its performance would be at
its best because of improved security.
1.4 Aim of the project

The aim of the project is to come up with a low cost and efficient model of security locker
system which provides more reliability and restrict the access of unauthorized person who
is trying to unlock the bank locker system and alerts in the case of theft.
1.5 Objectives of the project

The focus of this project is to develop a locker system based on two-factor authentication.
The objective of the project as follows:
Develop a locker system that can replace the current traditional methods such as
manual lock, PIN number and password.
Improve the security with automate locker system based on two-factor
authentication.
Making the bank customers feel safe about their possessions in the safe.
Eliminating the need to remember multiple passwords, PINs and not carry identity
proof and keys.
Eliminate the frauds which are done by smart larceners.
Provide user friendly and easier system to banks to do their jobs efficiently.
Save the time by the process of withdrawal of possessions faster and ultimately
make the services pleasant for the bank customers.
1.6 Product description

The developed bank locker systems verify and validate user based on two factor
authentication: fingerprint biometric and on time password send through GSM module. In
the initial stage, the enrollment takes places where the user's fingerprint is scanned,
analyzed and then minutiae features will be extracted as a template on a memory to be
utilized for future comparison.
When a customer wants to open the bank locker, the user has to place their finger on a
scanner. The scanner will capture the fingerprint, the system checks it in line with the
fingerprint that is stored in the database. If it matches, the user will be allowed to enter
the code which is a one-time password, send thorough the GSM network that is
generated randomly for each access with time expiration. If the correct password is
entered, the bank locker would be accessed. If not, the system would send warning
signals and remain in locked status.
Fig. 1 Bank locker system product description

The bank locker system process illustrated in the figure 1. In addition, the vibration sensor
and motion detector sensor function during the non-working hours of the bank that help
in safeguarding the locker area and alerts in the case of any theft.
1.7 Organization of this thesis

Bank locker security system is based on two-factor authentication projects final thesis
consist of nine chapters that contains and elaborate specific topics regarding project as
follows:
The chapter one is the Introduction of the project. The explanation of the project given
in general term. The objectives of the project will be explained. It is followed by the
explanation of problem definition, aim, rational and scope of the project.
Chapter two is the Literature review for the development of bank locker system.
Explanation will be based on security authentication system related researched and
security conceptual ideas. Some of current existing bank locker systems and its
comparison are also discussed for further improvements in this project.
Chapter three is about Methodology of how to work on this bank locker project and
all kind of measure that was considered as well as the details, specification of entire
project components used. This include the hardware design and software
implementation. Flow chart of the bank locker system and how it is executed are
explained in detail.
Chapter four is about the Testing of the project that was conducted. This includes all
the results with appropriate explanation.
Chapter five is Discussion regarding bank locker system project. The problems that
are faced and its solution is discussed.
Chapter six is the Conclusion that include summary of findings.
Chapter seven is about Recommendations for further development of the project.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

There are number of bank locker security systems in the market. These type of systems
are studied in order to obtain ideas for the system that was built. Even though a system
in the market at the present time is compliment with new technology and more advanced
idea must be acquired through the literature review.
In this report, the review of literature is explained with the guidance of the existing projects
conducted by researchers on development of bank locker security system. The
technologies such as GSM, RFID and biometrics that are used in different types of
security system is further discussed.
2.1 Existing system related work

Over the years, locker security system is implemented in various places. A security plays
an important role in day to day life. Some of the researchers have successfully developed
various types of locker systems using different technology as follows.
2.1.1 Bank locker security system based on RFID and GSM technology
This system can be organized in bank and secured offices. The only registered user can
recover the money or accessories from bank locker. The system works based on RFID
and GSM technology that can authenticate, validate a user and unlock the door for bank
locker access in real time basis.
This system consists of microcontroller AT89c51, GSM modem, LCD, keyboard, power
supply, RFID tag and RFID reader. The id of a user is stored in the passive tag. The RFID
reader reads the id number to validate and send to the microcontroller. If the id is valid
then the authentic person needs to enter the password through keypad to the bank locker
system.
If the password get valid, the system send SMS request to the authentic user mobile
number. Then the user sends the password to the microcontroller through mobile phone
using GSM modem.
The microcontroller compares the password entered by keyboard and received through
the authentic user mobile phone for decision making to provide access. If these
passwords are matched the bank locker will be opened otherwise it will remain in locked
status. Ramani et al (2012, pp. 15-19)
The figure 2 illustrates the block diagram of locker security system based on RFID and
GSM technology.
Fig. 2 Block diagram of locker system based on RFID and GSM. Ramani et al (2012:
17)
Strengths
System works based on RFID and GSM technology whereas two types of
authentication are used.
Two password are referred which provides double security.
System becomes user friendly due to use of RFID and GSM technology. All type of
users are well aware about these technologies because their day to day activities
include smart phones and ATM cards usage.
Weakness
Strong and unique authentication method like biometrics such as fingerprint, face and
iris are not concerned.
The RFID card can be stolen/duplicated/misplaced easily.
The referred two password for this system are same and the old model GSM SIM300
V7.03 is used. This leads to more time consuming when sending messages through
the GSM.
2.1.2 Bank locker system using microcontroller based on fingerprint technology

This bank locker system implemented based on fingerprint technology using P8V51RD2
microcontroller. When it comes to system the users fingerprint which is authorized to
access the locker will be stored in the module with a unique ID. The fingerprint scanner
is interfaced to 8051 microcontroller. A user has to scan his/her finger in the initial stage.
If the fingerprint get match then, the user need to enter the password given to him/her
with the help of a keypad. Otherwise, the indication will be alert by a buzzer due to
password or fingerprint being mismatch.
The figure 3 depicts the block diagram of fingerprint based locker system. This mainly
contains of P8V51RD2 microcontroller, 16 x 2 LCD module, fingerprint sensor, buzzer,
switch and relays. Pavithra et al (2014, pp. 155-159)
Fig. 3 Block diagram of locker system based on fingerprint technologhy. Pavithra et al

(2014: 157)
Strengths
System work based on fingerprint biometrics and password mechanism to
authenticate a user.
Fingerprint is unique for each user and it cannot be replicate easily with todays
technologies.
Easy to use and does not require additional training.
No manual errors and false intrusion.
Weakness
A password can be stolen/guessed/forgotten. This leads to lack in security.
The referred password for the system is permanent and it remains unchanged.
Therefore, password can be easily hacked and the entropy of a general 8 character
password is low.
2.1.3 Locker system based on RFID, fingerprint, password and GSM technology
This system includes all the technologies and mechanisms such as RFID, fingerprint
sensor, password and GSM where four different type of authentications used.
RFID reader acts on the ID number from passive tag and transfers it to the system, if the
ID number is legal then it lets a user to access the fingerprint biometry if not the process
will be stopped. If the fingerprint is matched the system would send the password to the
registered phone number. Once the user gets the password, he/she requires to enter the
password which was previously given to the user and received through the GSM. If these
entered two passwords are in line, then the locker could be accessed if not the system
will send the alert SMS to the relevant users phone number and the locker will be
remained in locked status. Raghuram and Subhramanyasarma (2013, pp. 142-144)
The figure 4 shows the block diagram of locker system based on RFID, fingerprint,
password and GSM. This system mainly contains of LPC2148 microcontroller, 16 x 2 LCD
display, fingerprint sensor, GSM, buzzer, RFID reader, relay, DC motor and power supply.
Fig. 4 Block diagram of lokcer system based on RFID, fingerprint, password and GSM.
Raghuram and Subhramanyasarma (2013: 144)
Strengths
System work is based on RFID, fingerprint biometrics, GSM and password
mechanism to authenticate a user. Four independently authentication methods
used that will provide high security for lockers.
Weakness
Hard to use and require additional trainings for End users due to process of four
authentication methods.
Manual errors may occur frequently due to more processing time in terms of
authentication.
System function may get slowly because of more hardware involvement in the
system.
10
2.1.4 Proposed bank locker system based on Two-factor authentication

The proposed bank locker system will authenticate a user based on two factor
authentication. The two independent authentication methods would be implemented
which are fingerprint biometric and one- time password send through GSM module.
This system mainly contains of Arduino Mega 2560-R3, GT-511C3 fingerprint scanner,
SIM900 Quad-band GSM module, I2C LCD module, lock style solenoid, PIR sensor,
vibration sensor, relay and buzzer.
Strengths
The system work is based on two-factor authentication leads to more security. The
fingerprint biometric and on time password send through the GSM module are
concerned.
The necessity of three security concerns are followed in the proposed system in
order to provide high secure access which are something you know (PIN),
something you are (fingerprint biometric) and something you have (phone).
The system is user friendly because it uses fingerprint technology which is widely
known and phone in order to retrieve the PIN to the locker access.
Weakness
Better advanced devices can be used to provide flexibility.
The accuracy and capacity of motion detection and vibration detection can be
increased further.
2.2 Comparative study of existing system and proposed bank locker

system
Table 1 Comparative study of existing system
Comparison
Locker system
Locker
Locker system
Proposed Locker
parameters
based on RFID
system based
based on RFID,
System based on
and GSM
on fingerprint
fingerprint,
two-factor
technology
technology
password and
Authentication
GSM technology
Authentication
Two
approach
are used in this password
Something
know
user
password An 8 character A user needs to A user need to enter
you system whereas a used
Examples: user
require
is enter
to character
the
8 the 6 character PIN

which
is
send
to authenticate a password which is authenticated
account enter the given user. Referred send
to mobile number.
11
to
user
names, password, password through password
for authenticated
PIN and passcode. the keypad and the system is user

the
same permanent
given
mobile generated
number.
PIN
is
randomly
for each access has a
password must be which can be

send
The
limited time span.
to easily
microcontroller
using
breakable.
This
GSM
type
of
PIN
eliminate
the
modem.
necessity
in
The entropy of 8
remembering
character
PIN/password.
the
password is low
and
it
can
be
stolen/guessed/fo
rgotten.
Authentication
RFID card is used No
RFID card is used A phone is used for
approach
as
as
Something
have
one
of
you authentication
the authentication
in used
in
one
the the
authentication
the authentication as purpose. A user must
Examples: this system. The type
of earlier system. A bring the phone in
smart cards, token RFID card can be Something you user

cards, phone and stolen/duplicated.
of
have.
might
be order to see the PIN
forgot to bring the when he/she receives
RFID cards.
RIFD card.
it through the GSM.

A user can forget to
bring the phone but
todays world its rare
to see people without
phone.
Authentication
No
approach
authentication
Something
are
technology
the
system.
in
fingerprint
is verification is used in
this this
system
Fingerprint
geometry,
in this system.
authentication
iris, retina, voice
Its harder to
strong
and signature.
fake,
since
guess,
misplace
forget
to
authenticate a user.
authentication
hand
face,
fingerprint The
is authentication
you type is used in this used as one of used
Examples: system.
fingerprint,
biometrics The fingerprint The
is
mechanism
even
the
and
identical twins who
when
share the same DNA
12
compared
user
to
has
selected
different
fingerprints and this
password.
gives
high
distinctiveness.
James and Prasad
(2011: 4)
Type
of Something
you Something you Something
you Something you know
authentication
know (Password) know
know (Password) (One time Password)
used overall
Something
(Password) +
you Something you Something
have (RFID)
are
have (RFID) +
(Fingerprint)
Something
One-time
Password
Password
password
implemented with implemented

no time expiration with
(Phone) +
you Something you are
are (Fingerprint)
(Fingerprint)
Password
PIN is implemented
implemented with with time expiration.
no time no time expiration PIN
and require a user expiration

to remember it.
you Something you have
and
require
is
generated
to randomly
for
require a user remember a user
access,
to remember it
limited time span and

this
it
each
has
eliminates
the
remembering of the
PIN/password.
The
PIN is send to the

users phone number.
Sensors
Not implemented
Not
Not implemented
implemented
PIR
and
vibration
sensors implemented
to detect theft during
the
non-working
hours.
Microcontroller
AT89C51
P8V51RD2
LPC2148
Arduino Mega 2560R3
Platform
Assembly
Language
Fingerprint
Scanner
Assembly
programing Open
and Language and language
Embedded C
Embedded C
Not implemented
R303A
Source
platform, code can be

written in Java.
Data not available
GT-511C3 scanner
scanner
13
GSM Module
SIM300
V7.03 Not
module
SIM300 module
implemented
SIM800L Fona GSM

module
2.3 Executive summary

The literature review data collection helps to expose and generate skills of searching for
the information from a various sources. These skills are very important in order to solve
the problems that encountered in the future during project work. The strengths and
weakness of existing systems are discussed in this report and identified to improve on
proposed system.
Throughout the comparative study, the proposed system improvements and different from
the existing systems justified. By analyzing existing systems by its strengths and
weakness, the bank locker system will be created to overcome the past systems
disadvantages and possible new improvements added to this proposed system as
discussed in the comparative study. The proposed system method use two different
independent authentication mechanisms to access the locker; which are fingerprint
biometrics and on time password.
When it comes to fingerprint sensor, the proposed system fingerprint scanner provides
high accuracy due to 3.0 fingerprint algorithm and capable enough to store 200
fingerprints compare to existing system scanners. The latest SIM900 Quad-band GSM
module is used for sending PIN that leads to less time consuming.
The password is generated randomly for each access has a limited time span where the
other existing system solutions fail. In comparison to the existing solutions, the proposed
locker system uses a vibration sensor and a PIR motion sensor that is set during the nonworking hours to protect the locker area and alerts in the case of any theft.
14
3.0 METHODOLOGY
It is an approach to manage project life circle from the beginning to end and provide
framework for continuous improvement to the project. This include selection of
methodology, system overview, system process flow chart, software implementation and
hardware implementation.
3.1 Approach
Fig. 5 Rad development methodologhy

The figurer 5 illustrate The RAD methodology phases applied through the project life
circle. This approach has chosen because it is a decentralized development model where
many activities are split into separate stages. This contributes to reduced cycle time and
improved productivity with lower cost.
It has a well-defined start, end point and progress process can be conclusively identified
by developer and client with necessary requirements. This shows the importance given
on requirements and design phase and its ensure minimal wastage of time, effort and
reduces the risk of that customer expectations not being met. This model reduces risk
due to client involvement all along the complete project life cycle. As a result before the
project completion any alteration in requirement is possible.
The selection of methodology is strong enough for the development of locker system and
would improve the system quality as requirements of the clients are met at each stage by
providing a significant reduction in the errors with the help of prototyping and tools. If there
any failures occurs in this methodology, the project can be restart from the user design
phase. (Rraguse 2012)
15
This model will be easy to manageable because each phase has specialized deliverables
and a requirement analysis process. The deliverables of the proposed project with this
model will be have better value because each phase will be well shown to the client. The
use of this model helpful to follows:
Problems are more easily solved.
Large bodies of code will be more manageable.
Human works will be always verified.
The phases of RAD methodology that followed in complete project life cycle as follows:
3.1.1 Project requirements planning phase
The feasibility study requirements processed in the beginning stage to test system in
certain factors of its operation, handling users requirements, use of resources and the
cost effectiveness. The aim is to check the development of the system is possible or not.
Throughout the literature review and requirement analysis the proposed bank locker
system development become possible and identified as achievable. In this phase, the
requirements identified based on following criteria in order to proceed further:
Users of bank locker system.
Way of using the bank locker system.
Data inputs and outputs of the bank locker system.
The planning phase involved a complete study of the existing bank locker system, leading
to specifications of a new bank locker system with more enhancements. The main factors
to be discussed in this analysis are:
The functions that requires to be executed by the proposed system and their bond
with each other.
Identifying the current problems of bank locker system and recommending
achievable suggestions for improving the new proposed system.
List of attributes of the entities of entire bank locker system.
The document will be created by having all of this requirements and will be used in the
design phase.
16
3.1.2 Project user design phase

In this phase, the physical system will be designed from the requirement gathering which
were discussed in the first phase. The user interface design will be addressed, issues
related to accessibility will be discussed, hardware and system requirements will be
specified and overall system architecture will be designed.
At this stage, computer oriented work will be processed. The design of the system
becomes more structured and its makes better quality for new bank locker system
deliverables. The programming language and the hardware and software platform in
which the new bank locker system will run are also decided. This would be reduce the
risk of software platform selection.
3.1.3 Construction phase
After designing the bank locker system, the whole system is required to be converted into
computer understanding language. The software creation processed in this phase where
the locker system functions are transformed into control specifications by the help of an
open source integrated development environment. The programs developed in
categorized way. This would lead to fast development and can easily adopt change in
future if requirements get updated.
3.1.4 Cutover phase
This includes testing and implementation of the system. A test plan developed and will be
proceed to make sure that developed system is actually solving the needs that addressed
and gathered during the requirements planning phase. The main objective of this testing
is removing all the bugs of the system. This would lead bank lockers system to process
efficiently in its services to customers.
Once done with the testing, the implementation takes place. All the programs of the bank
locker system are loaded into real environment and if it runs smoothly without any fault
then it will be launched. The steps involved in this phase are:
Installation of Hardware and Software must be made fully operational before
implementation.
Conversion - The data from the old system needs to be converted to operate in
the new format of the bank locker system based on two-factor authentication.
User Training.
17
3.2 Overview of bank locker system design and its process
Fig. 6 Block diagram of proposed bank locker system

The Bank locker system based on two-factor authentication implementation on Arduino
Mega 2560 R3 is proposed as shown in the figure 6. The Arduino Mega 2560 controller
will be taken action according to Fingerprint scanner GT-511C3 input, once it is verified,
Arduino sends SMS details to GSM module in order to send a PIN to owners mobile
phone, when it receives confirmation through keypad, Arduino sends open signals to
Solenoid to provide access to the bank locker system. The Ywrobot relay (5VDC) is used
to switch off/on the Solenoid to work with electronic locker system. I2C real time clock
module is used to take the current time and date which is used to be count for session
time out regarding one-time password. The PIR and vibration sensors used to detect in
case of theft. This system can be extended in future without changing any hardware, just
by reprogramming the system it can be enhanced for banks.
This system is aimed to overcome the limitation of the existing bank locker system. The
existing system can be replaced by designed system that will be provided more security
and eliminate time delay in effective manner. The new system will be delivered more
security which will be provided almost twice safety as earlier systems.
18
3.2.1 Complete Flow chart of bank locker system based on two-factor authentication
Fig. 7 Flow chart of complete bank locker system

As for the Flow chart illustrate in figure 7, the operation of the system takes place in an
automated progress. Firstly the user has to place their finger on a scanner. The scanner
capture the fingerprint, the system checks it against the fingerprint that is stored in the
database. If it matches, the verified id will be display and the user will be allowed to enter
the code which is a one-time password send thorough the GSM network that is
generated randomly for each access with time expiration. If the correct password is
entered, the bank locker would be accessed, otherwise the system sends warning signals
and remain in locked status. The flow chart dictionary presented in Appendix 9.3 for
further understanding.
19
3.2.2 Enrollment phase of bank locker system
Fig. 8 Flow chart of enrollment phase

The figure 8 illustrate the enrollment stage and delete an ID process. Enrollment is where
the system studies about all the users it will have to recognize each time. The enrollment
phase is proceed by a bank administrator. Therefore it require administrator password. In
the initial stage, a user's account id will be typed. Once typed, a user fingerprint will be
scanned, analyzed then minutiae features will be extracted as a template on a memory
to be utilized for future comparison. The delete an ID process will be also require admin
password as enrollment and the account ID to get deleted if valid ID is given into the
system.
20
3.2.3 Fundamental stages of bank locker systems

Data acquisition:
This is the phase where the data (fingerprint) are taken from the users by the fingerprint
scanner. The received fingerprint image is stored in the fingerprint database as template.
Acquisition can be done through the fingerprint GT511C3 optical scanner.
Feature extraction:
The features of fingerprints are figured and stored with its characteristics in the database.
The captured fingerprint images are assisted to feature extraction component and its
features are stored to the database as template by using an extraction algorithm to the
fingerprint image. This is the stage where capture image, enhance ridge and extract
minutiae are processed (which is known as image enhancement).
Fingerprint Verification:
Involvement of decision making takes place. The user, in order to access the bank locker,
he/she places the finger on the fingerprint scanner device. Once a fingerprint image is
taken, its served to a process of matching component and that extracts the minutiae
features of the fingerprint image scanned and ties with the individuals fingerprint template
that saved earlier in the system database.
If both matches, the user will be allowed to enter the password. If it doesnt match, the
user access will be denied and locker system will be remained in lock status. James and
Prasad (2011, pp. 6-7).
One-time password:
This password is valid only for one login session and each password generated randomly
has a time expiration. Once the fingerprint verification is done, the user need to enter the
password which is sends through GSM module. If the OTP get matched, the user will be
granted to access the bank locker otherwise the access will be denied.
All of these stages are required in order to access the bank locker. The type of fingerprint
measurements and feature measuring process are present in Appendix 9.1 for further
evidence.
21
3.3 Hardware Design Specifications

3.3.1 Arduino Mega 2560
Fig. 9 Arduino Mega 2560

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board. It is based on the ATmega2560 which
has 54 digital input/output pins. It has 15 PWM pins, 16 analog inputs and 4 UART ports.
It is connected to the computer through the USB cable or it can be powered up with the
AC to DC adaptor or it can be powered up by the battery.
The Mega 2560 R3 also adds SDA and SCL pins next to the AREF additionally. There
are two pins near RESET button. One is the IOREF and other one pin is not connected
to the board where it is reserved for future purposes. The IOREF is used to shield to
adapt the voltage provided by the board. The Arduino microcontroller is implemented
with the boot loader. This avoids the use of the external programmer device to the
computer for programming. This boot loader provides the true Read-While-Write
operation.
The Mega2560 R3 differs from all previous boards in that it uses ATmega16U2 instead
of using the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. This allows the user with more memory and
high transferring rate. Revision 2 of the Mega2560 board has a resistor pulling the 8U2
HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode. Anon. [undated]
This Mega 2560 R3 Arduino board has chosen for Bank locker security system project
because Arduino based locker systems has many advantages over existing
microcontroller based locker systems, some of these advantages are; simple structure,
high reliability, speed, an open-source platform, flexible, easy-to-use hardware and
software, number of input/output ports, performance and less power consumption which
are all very important in every design. It has more flash memory and extended features
which makes easier to use in projects to control the system. Further, the Mega
specifications are explained in the Appendix 9.2.1.
22
Fig. 10 Arduino Meg pin definition. Alberto [undated]

The figure 10 indicates the pin configuration on the Arduino Mega 2560 controller board.
The pins were connected, to form the bank locker system function properly by using this
pin configuration datasheet. This will also use to find the number of input /output pins,
number of power pins, number of UART pins.
3.3.2 I2C Serial Enabled 16x2 LCD Module Display Screen
The LCD display is used to display two
rows of characters and each row
contain 16 characters.
It is a high-speed I2C interface and
including LCD with negative blue type
is a white case with low background.
Fig. 11 I2c lcd module. Malpartida [undated]
23
I2C has four pins. They are power, ground, SCL and SDA. The text and the numeric
characters are interfaced with the SCL and SDA.
The I2C LCD contract can be adjusted by using the trumpet and this module uses only
two wires to expose all the characters into the LCD display. This is simple and easy to
handle while using in the project.
3.3.3 4x4 Matrix 16 Key Switch Keypad
Fig. 12 Keypad. Anon. [undated]

The keypad has 16 buttons in Matrix form. It is thin and flexible membrane with the
adhesive backing. It is compatible and very easy to interface with any microcontroller.
Only need 8 microcontroller pins (4-columns and 4-rows) need to be scanned through the
key pad. This 4x4 Matrix keypad has chosen for bank locker project to provide a useful
human interface component for the people who are using it to enter the inputs to the
system. The specifications and its schematic diagram presented in Appendix 9.2.2.
3.3.4 Piezo buzzer
Fig. 13 Buzzer. Anon. [undated]

Piezo buzzer is used for making beeps, tones and alerts. It generates sound by altering
the electric field either stretching or compressing. This will alter the frequency of the signal
and therefore it produce sound.
24
It is powered up with DC voltage. It is covered with the cylindrical plastic coating. It has
small holes through which the sound propagate. Further, the buzzer schematic diagram,
features and its specifications are present Appendix 9.2.3.
This Piezo buzzer has chosen for bank locker system project for making loud beeps sound
when theft occurs. This has been used because less weight, ordinary construction and
low cost make it usable in various applications compare to other buzzers.
3.3.5 Real time clock module
Fig. 14 RTC module. Anon. [undated]

This is the Real Time Clock (RTC) Module which uses the DS1307 to keep track of the
current year, month, day as well as the current time with leap year Compensation. It
automatically adjusts the month and days according to the leap year.
It can operate either in 24 hours clock or 12 hours clock. The DS1307 RTC module has a
built-in power circuit which sense the power failure and automatically switch itself to the
backup power. Anon. [undated]
This RTC DS1307 Real Time Clock module has chosen for bank locker security system
project because its widely used in data logging, clock-building, time stamping, timers, and
alarms to keep track of time even if it is reprogrammed, or if the power is lost. This includes
a small CR1225 Lithium coin cell battery that will run the RTC for a minimum of 9 years
without an external 5V power supply.
As per proposed project, this allows Arduino microcontroller to provide seconds, minutes,
hours, day, date, month, and year information for the bank users and used for one-time
password time expiration. Moreover, the RTC specifications and schematic diagram
described in Appendix 9.2.4 to get better understanding.
25
3.3.6 YWRobot Relay (5VDC)
Fig. 15 Relay
This is a 5V 1-Channel Relay interface board which be able to control various appliances,
and other equipment with large current. It can be controlled directly by most of the
Microcontrollers. Anon. [undated]
The relay requires 15-20mA driver current. The LED indicates the relay output status.
YWROBOT 1 RELAY (5VDC) has been chosen for this project as it is widely used,
equipped with high-current relaymand compatible with Arduino. This relay has been used
as on/off switch to the solenoid in electronic bank locker system. The relay specifications
and schematic diagram described in Appendix 9.2.5 for more explanation.
3.3.7 Fingerprint Scanner - TTL (GT-511C3)
Fig. 16 Fingerprint scanner. Anon. (2013)

This fingerprint module from ADH-Tech that communicates over TTL Serial. . The module
has an on-board optical sensor and 32-bit CPU.
The initial register has been done to store each of the finger prints by sending the
commands and by pressing the finger thrice against the scanner. It can store different
finger print. These fingerprint template can be retrieved in the image format. It can store
up to 200 different fingerprints and it is capable of 360 recognition.
This module has been chosen for this project this is because its an updated version of
the GT-511 which has an increased storage capacity to 200 different fingerprints, use
SmackFinger 3.0 algorithm and it has the ability of 360 recognition.
26
3.3.8 SIM800L Fona Mini Cellular GSM module
Fig. 17 Fona GSM module

It is a GSM module controlled via AT commands and fully compatible with Arduino Mega.
It uses Quad band 850/900/1800/1900 MHz and can be connected to any GSM network
with any 2G SIM. Anon. [undated]
The Fona GSM module is been chosen for this project in order to send the one-time
password to owners phone when accessing the bank locker. The less processing time
for sending messages adds value to this GSM module. The GSM features and schematic
diagram presented in Appendix 9.2.6 for in depth details.
3.3.9 Lithium Ion Polymer Battery
Fig. 18 Polymer batter

Lithium ion polymer batteries are thin, light and powerful. The output ranges from 4.2V to
3.7V when completely charged. The Lipo batter has a capacity of 2500mAh for a total
about 10 Wh. The battery come with a 2 pin connector. Anon. [undated]
This battery used for the bank locker system to provide power to Fona GSM module to
be powered up during sending SMS.
27
3.3.10 Passive Inferred Sensor
Fig. 19 PIR sensor

The PIR sensor detect motion up to 20 feet away by using a Fresnel lens and infrared
sensitive element to detect changing patterns of passive infrared emitted by objects.
Anon. [updated]
The PIR sensor is compatible with all microcontrollers. The PIR sensor set during bank
off times to detect motions of thief. This sensor chosen for this project due to inexpensive,
easy to use and it is ideal for security system. The PIR specifications and schematic
diagram presented in Appendix 9.2.7 for further details.
3.3.11 Vibration Sensor
Fig. 20 Vibration sensor

The vibration sensor is often used for vibration, touch and shock measurements. A small
AC and large voltage up to 90V is made when the film goes backward and forward. A
resistor get the voltage down to ADC levels. Anon. [undated]
The vibration sensor used for shock and vibration detection that prevent stealing
possessions in the bank locker. Green led is indicated when vibration detected. This
sensor specifications and schematic diagram presented in Appendix 9.2.8 for further
knowledge.
3.3.12 Lock style solenoid (12V)
A solenoid designed for bank locker door. It is made out
of a big coil of copper wire with a metal in the middle.
When the coil is heated, the slug is pulled into the middle
of the coil. This lets the solenoid to pull from one end.
When 9 - 12 VDC is applied, the door can be opened. The
solenoid is used for bank locker door electronic access to
Fig. 21 Solenoid
open and close. The Solenoid specifications and
schematic diagram presented in Appendix 9.2.9 for more details.
28
3.3.13 Metal on/off switch (5V-12V)
Fig. 22 Metal on/off switch

The metal on/off switch require 5V - 12V to be powered up. This switch is used for bank
locker system to turn on fingerprint scanner, I2C LCD and GSM. This lead to reduce
power consumption when locker is in off mode. Anon. [undated]
3.4 Software design specifications

Software programs are called sketches. Theses sketches will be formed on a computer
using the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE). The IDE tool leads to edit,
write and convert the code into guidelines that Arduino hardware will recognize depending
on the codes that are programmed. The IDE also transfers those guidelines to the Arduino
board to work smoothly and efficiently. Further, the bank locker system design process
previously explained in the chapter 3.2.
3.4.1 Sketch Overview in the concern of Bank locker system
Arduino IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment and its a note text editor
similar to program which enable us to write a code for the Arduino board, in other way the
IDE programme coded is considered as the OS of Arduino board when working in
projects. In Arduino, the file is known as sketch. Written developed codes are stored in
the sketch. The Arduino IDE sends the developed code to a compiler on PC that checks
code contrast to some rules and creates a file which can be uploaded on the Arduino
board. Arduino IDE agrees the uploaded code and makes decisions on how the Arduino
board execute information and uses the hardware. Arduino development language is a
shortened from C/C++ programming language that use common development structures,
variables and functions. Afterwards this is transformed into legal C++ program.
Compare to other boards, in the Arduino, the electric signals can be controlled, the
Arduino can interface with it very simply in comparison to other micro controllers. Even if
it is not controlled by electric signals, probably motors, relay and electromagnets, to
interface with it. So, the selection of board is strong enough and capable to work with
Bank locker systems all hardware components. The Arduino IDE makes easier to write
programs to the Arduino board than other text editors. Anon. [undated]
29
3.4.2 Arduino IDE overview in the concern of Bank locker system
Fig. 23 Arduino IDE

The figure 23 illustrate the Arduino IDE. The button with Arduino IDE of which appears
like any checkmark is known as verify. If that get press, the code will be compiled and
any errors will be displayed in the IDE window at the bottom. So that errors can be solved
efficiently with the help of IDE. The shortcut key for verify is Control + R. The button
appears like an arrow right pointing right the upload button. If this get press, the sketch
will be uploaded to Arduino board as coded. The shortcut key for upload is Control + U.
The button on the right side of the screen in the IDE is the serial button. If this get press,
the serial monitor will be function, it is possible to send and receive information on serial
from Arduino board while it is executed. The shortcut key for serial monitor is Shift +
Control + M. The bottom right corner of the window displays the current board and serial
port that have been used. The toolbar buttons allows to verify and upload programs,
create, open, and save sketches, and open the serial monitor. Anon. [undated]
Additional commands can be found within the five menus which are File, Edit, Sketch,
Tools, and Help. The actual choices in the menu are sensitive where items relevant to the
code currently being carried out are only available.
30
3.5 Hardware Implementation

The Arduino Mega 2560 R3 is the microcontroller where the code wrote for the system is
performed. The board can only control and respond to electric signals, so hardware
components are physically connected to deal with so many purposes. These components
can be sensors or devices. The hardware implementation is considered as pin
configurations of components attached to Arduino Mega as follows:
3.5.1 I2C LCD
Pin definition of I2C LCD:
Table 2 Pin definition of I2C LCD
I2C Serial Enabled 16x2
Arduino Mega 2560
LCD Module
Wire 1
GND
Wire 2
VCC (+5V)
Wire 3
SDA ( Pin 20)
Wire 4
SCL ( Pin 21)
Circuit diagram of I2C LCD on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 24 Circuit diagram of I2C LCD
31
3.5.2 4x4 Matrix 16 Key Switch Keypad

Pin Definition of 4x4 keypad:
Table 3 Pin definition of 4x4 keypad
4x4 Matrix Keypad
Arduino Mega 2560
Pin 1 (Colum)
Digital Pin 26
Pin 2 (Colum)
Digital Pin 27
Pin 3 (Colum)
Digital Pin 28
Pin 4 (Colum)
Digital Pin 29
Pin 5 (Row)
Digital Pin 22
Pin 6 (Row)
Digital Pin 23
Pin 7 (Row)
Digital Pin 24
Pin 8 (Row)
Digital Pin 25
Circuit diagram of 4x4 keypad on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 25 Circuit diagram of 4x4 keypad
32
3.5.3 Piezo Buzzer

Pin definition of buzzer:
Table 4 Pin definition of buzzer
Piece Piezo Buzzer
Arduino Mega 2560
Black Wire
GND
Red Wire
Digital Pin 9 or as set on the

controller
Circuit diagram of Piezo Buzzer on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 26 Circuit diagram of buzzer

3.5.4 Real time clock module
Pin definition of RTC:
Table 5 Pin definition of RTC
Tiny RTC-Module
Arduino Mega 2560
DS1307
VCC
5V (VCC)
GND
GND
SDA
D20 (SDA)
SCL
D21 (SCL)
33
Circuit diagram of RTC on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 27 Circuit diagram of RTC

3.5.5 YWRobot Relay (5VDC) and lock style solenoid
Pin definition of relay and lock style solenoid:
Table 6 Pin definition of relay and solenoid
YWROBOT Relay (5VDC)
Arduino Mega 2560
VCC
5V (VCC)
GND
GND
IN
D2 (Any Digital Pin)
+ wire from the power supply

need to be connected
- wire from the solenoid need

to be connected
34
Circuit diagram of relay and solenoid on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 28 Circuit diagram of relay and solenoid

3.5.6 Fingerprint Scanner - TTL (GT-511C3)
Pin definition of fingerprint scanner:
Table 7 Pin definition fingerprint scanner
GT-511C3 Scanner
Arduino Mega 2560
Tx
D11 (Rx)
Rx (3.2V)
D12 (Tx, 4.7K ohm, 2.2K

resistor used)
GND
GND
Vin
5V (VCC)
35
Circuit diagram of GT-511C3 fingerprint scanner on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 29 Circuit diagram of fingerprint scanner

3.5.7 SIM800L Fona Mini Cellular GSM module
Pin definition of Fona GSM Module:
Table 8 Pin definition of Fona GSM module
Fona GSM Module
Arduino Mega 2560
Vio
5V (VCC)
GND
GND
Key
GND
Rx
D2 (Tx)
Tx
D3 (Rx)
RST
D4
36
Circuit diagram of GT-511C3 fingerprint scanner on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 30 Circuit diagram of fignerprint scanner

3.5.8 Passive Inferred Sensor
Pin definition of PIR sensor:
Table 9 Pin definition of PIR sensor
PIR sensor
Arduino Mega 2560
5V (VCC)
GND
Output
D33 (Connects to an I/O pin

set to input mode)
Circuit diagram of PIR sensor on Arduino Mega R3 board:
37
Fig. 31 Circuit diagram of PIR sensor

3.5.9 Vibration Sensor
Pin definition of Vibration sensor:
Table 10 Pin definition of vibration sensor
Vibration sensor
Arduino Mega 2560
5V (VCC)
GND
Output

set to input mode)
38
Circuit diagram of Vibration sensor on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 32 Circuit diagram of Vibration sensor

3.5.10 Metal on/off switch
Pin definition of Metal on/switch:
Table 11 Pin definition of Metal on/off switch
Metal on/off switch
Arduino Mega 2560
5V (VCC)
GND
Output (5V + Output)

set to input mode)
Circuit diagram of Metal on/off switch on Arduino Mega R3 board:
Fig. 33 Circuit diagram of Metal on/off switch
39
3.5.11 Circuit diagram of complete bank locker system:
Fig. 34 Circuit diagram of complete bank locker system
40
The complete circuit diagram illustrated in the figure 34. The necessary pin definition to
each device, connector, power supply and resistor implemented as given in the circuit
diagram. This consist of following components as numbered in the above figure.
1. Arduino Mega 2560 R3
2. GT-511C3 Fingerprint scanner
3. Breadboard
4. Tiny I2C relay time clock module
5. 4x4 Matrix 16 key membrane switch keypad
6. I2C Serial enabled 16x2 LCD module
7. Lock-style solenoid (12V)
8. SIM800L Fona Mini Cellular GSM module
9. Ywrobot relay (5VDC)
10. Piezo buzzer
11. PIR sensor
12. Vibration sensor
13. Rugged metal on/off switch (12V-5V)
14. DC power adapter (2.1 mm jack)
15. 12V power supply
16. Jumper wires (Male to male, female to female and Male to female)
17. 4.7k ohm and 2.2 ohm used for fingerprint deployment
3.5.12 Project Prototype
In accomplishing the system prototype, there are lots of materials implemented to design
the bank locker using the wood. The bank locker box is built with wood base on the
measurement taken. The locker consist of the solenoid, handle and transparent plastic
door. The bank locker was properly designed and result in good prototype as illustrated
in the figure 35.
Fig. 35 Project prototype
41
3.6 Software Implementation

Software programs are knows as sketches. Theses sketches are coded using C/C++
programming language using the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE).
The IDE enables to write, edit code and convert this code into guidelines that Arduino
hardware able to recognize. The components coding as follows:
3.6.1 Keypad coding
Fig. 36 Keypad coding

The figure 36 illustrate the keypad coding. The rows and columns defined as constant
value four, the mapping between actual keys and its interfaced digital pin number coded
as physically connected. If key pressed, it will be displayed in the serial and also it can be
edited to show in LCD.
42
3.6.2 Real time clock coding
Fig. 37 Real time module coding
43
The figure 37 shows the coding of RTC module. The RTC library used to call the time
functions. The day, month, year, hour, minute and am/pm are programmed and will be
displayed in the serial.
3.6.3 Random number password generator coding
Fig. 38 Random number generator coding

The figure 38 depicts the coding of random number maker. This random number function
generates a 6 digit PIN that includes any number combination from 0 to 9. The random
number generate PIN for one time for each session as put in the void setup. Further, time
expiration coded using RTC module.
44
3.6.4 Fingerprint enrollment coding
Fig. 39 Fingerprint enrollment coding
45
Fig. 40 Fingerprint enrollment coding continuation

The figure 39 and 40 shows the coding of fingerprint enrollment. The fingerprint GT-511C3
library used in order to work with fingerprint functions. The enrollment is programmed to
take three times for a user. This improves fingerprint feature extraction accuracy. Once
fingerprint features are detected, it gets stored in the database with enrollment ID. The
fps.enrollStart command is used to execute enrollment function. Continuation
3.6.5 Delete an ID coding
Fig. 41 Delete and ID coding

The figure 41 illustrate the delete an ID coding. The delete ID given in the programme but
in the complete system, it has to be typed by the administrator in order to delete the ID.
The delete function is executed by calling fps.deleteID command.
46
3.6.6 Fingerprint verification coding
Fig. 42 Fingerprint verification coding

The figure 42 depicts the fingerprint verification coding. A user fingerprint get identified by
calling fps.Identify1_N code in the void loop. If it is verified, the appropriate message
will be displayed in the serial. The necessary error and success messages are coded in
order to display for the user.
47
3.6.7 Fona GSM coding
Fig. 43 Fona GSM coding

The figure 43 illustrate the coding of sending message through the Fona GSM. The Fona
library included in order to execute GSM functions. The Fona tx, rx and reset digital pins
are defined in the coding. The sendto and message command is executed in the coding
in order to send the text.
48
3.6.8 Vibration sensor coding
Fig. 44 Vibration sensor coding

The figure 44 depicts the coding of vibration sensor. The digital pin 41 is defined for
Vibration sensor into input mode to get the detected measurement value. The sensor
coded to make the led on when the measurement is more than 1000, if not its set the led
to off.
49
3.6.9 PIR sensor coding
Fig. 45 PIR sensor coding

The figure 45 illustrate the coding of PIR sensor. The input pin for PIR sensor is defined
as 33. The value reads from the pin 33 and get display into the serial. The coding can be
edited to work based on the value it is detected.
50
3.6.10 Relay coding
Fig. 46 Relay coding

The figure 46 shows the coding of relay where the solenoid connected too. The relay work
as switch module. It can be coded to off and on. The relay turn on by using the code
digitalWrite(32,1) and turn off by using the code digitalWrite(32,0).
51
3.6.11 I2C Lcd coding
Fig. 47 LCD coding

The figure 47 illustrate the coding of I2C Lcd module. The liquidcrystal_i2c library used to
work with I2C Lcd module. The lcd.print code is used to output a text into the display.
3.6.12 Entire bank locker system coding
The entire bank locker system based on two-factor authentication code implementation is
present in the Appendix 9.4 and attached in the CD for further evidence.
52
4.0 TESTING AND RESULTS

Once the complete program of the locker system implemented, a test plan will be
developed to make sure that the product is actually solving the needs that addressed and
gathered during the requirements phase. The main objective of this testing is removing
all the bugs of the system. This would lead bank locker system to process efficiently in its
services to bank customers. Following testing will be carried out to ensure the product
works efficiently.
4.1 System testing results

At this stage the test is proceed through on actual bank locker system. The developed
locker system will be executed on the actual data. The results of the systems will be
analyzed and compared with an expected output as follows in the table.
4.1.1 Enrollment testing
Table 12 Enrollment testing
Outcome
Inputs
or
test
Actual outcome
Expected outcome
data
() or not ()
Keep null in the Beep
sound Error message must be
enrollment ID and occurred

then
succeeded
press
and shown and beep sound must
on exception message be processed.

Invalid ID run in
Enter button.
the LCD. Then after

2 seconds, the main
menu
displayed
with date and time.

Invalid enrollment Beep
id given and then occurred

click
on
Button. Example Incorrect

enrollment
ID displayed
given as 4356.
The
enrollment
Enter exception message be processed

ID
in
the
LCD.
correct Successful
ID message
No error message and error

Place function.
The
fingerprint
finger to Enroll - 1 enrollment must be proceed.
53
given and click on displayed

enter button.
Three
in
the
LCD.
times Successful
fingerprint
No
message
processed
message.
The
fingerprint features must be
with Enrollment
enrollment ID 3.
error
stored
with
the
given
success. ID = 3 enrollment ID.

displayed
in
the
LCD.
Incorrectly finger Beep
placed
on
the occurred
fingerprint
exception message be processed
scanner.
Finger not found

displayed
in
the
LCD.
Already
enrolled Beep
ID given as input.
occurred
ID already exist
displayed
in
the
LCD.
Already
enrolled Beep
fingerprint
as input.
given occurred

Enrolling Failed
displayed
in
the
LCD.
Incorrectly finger Exception message Appropriate error message
placed
for
capturing.
first Failure to capture must be shown in the LCD.

first
displayed
finger
in
the
LCD.

placed for second Failure to capture must be shown in the LCD.
capturing.
second
finger
54
displayed
in
the
LCD.

placed for third Failure to capture must be shown in the LCD.
third
capturing.
finger
displayed
in
the
LCD.
4.1.2 Admin login testing

Table 13 Admin login testing
Outcome
Inputs
or
test
Actual outcome
Expected outcome
data
Pressing
succeeded
() or not ()
B to Beep
enroll a fingerprint occurred
or pressing C to exception message be processed.

delete
a run in the LCD as
fingerprint without follows:

entering
the Login required
admin password
Entering
correct
the The B and C The permission must be

admin button function can allowed for enrollment and
password 5647 be accessed.

given
pressed
delete function.
and
enter
button.
The wrong admin Beep
password 5678 occurred
given
pressed
button.

and exception message be processed.
enter run in the LCD as

follows:
Invalid Password
55
The ID 3 given as The

input
successful No
error
message.
The
the message deleted fingerprint must be delete in
for
delete function.
displayed
LCD
in
and
ID
fingerprint
deleted
the the database.

3
get
in
the
database.
The same finger The error message Error message must be
used
for
ID
3 Finger not found shown in the LCD.
placed again on displayed

the
in
the
fingerprint LCD.
scanner for the

verification.
4.1.3 two-factor verification testing

Table 14 Two-factor authentication testing
Outcome
Inputs
or
test
Actual outcome
Expected outcome
data
succeeded
() or not ()
A enrolled ID 3 The
successful The
users fingerprint message

placed
on
the ID:
verification
and
then phone
if
fingerprint
sent authenticated.
to displayed
access the locker
password
Verified must be send to users
for SMS
scanner
one-time
in
LCD.
The
send
to
the
OTP
users
phone.
776172
one- The
successful The bank locker must be
password message
time
PIN unlocked.
which is correct success displayed

entered
system
to
the in the LCD and

using locker
keypad.
can
be
access.
Again the enrolled The error message The locker access must be
ID
fingerprint
user Invalid
get displayed
PIN denied.
in
the
56
verified and a PIN LCD

code
is
and
locker
send remained in locked
which is 384482. status.

Once get, the PIN
entered
wrongly
as 384483 to the
system.
The
OTP The error message The locker access must be
password entered Time
out denied.
to the system after displayed

40
seconds
check
to LCD
in
and
the
locker
time remained in locked
expiration.
status.
4.1.4 Sensors testing

Table 15 Sensor testing
Outcome
Inputs
or
test
Actual outcome
Expected outcome
succeeded
data
() or not ()
The bank locker The
successful Appropriate message must
hit by using a message Vibration be shown in the LCD and

hammer to make Detected be alert beep
big noise.
displayed
in
sound
must
be
the processed.
LCD and the buzzer

continuously
beeped
for
four
times.
The
changes The
successful Appropriate message must
made in front of message
Motion be shown in the LCD and
motion sensor in Detected be alert beep

bank off time.
displayed
in
sound
must
be
the processed.
LCD and the buzzer

continuously
beeped
for
four
times.
57
4.2 Test cases for further evidence on actual system

4.2.1 Case 01 - Enrollment
Objective: Enrollment has to be successful.
Testing data: Enrollment ID - 3 and a fingerprint of a user.
Fig. 48 Testing data of case 1

The account ID (enrollment id) given as 3 and proceed with the fingerprint as shown in
the figure 48.

The enrollment ID 3 users finger placed for first capturing as shown in the figure 49.

The enrollment ID 3 users finger placed for second capturing as shown in the figure 50.
58

The enrollment ID 3 users finger placed for third capturing as shown in the figure 51.
Actual output after testing:
Fig. 52 Actual output of case 1

The enrollment has to be taken three times for a user. The enrollment get success for the
ID 3 as shown in the figure 52.
Outcome: Case 1 expected enrollment results were succeeded.
4.2.2 Case 02 - Admin login access
Objective: Admin access must be granted.
Testing data: The admin password 5649 entered to the system as shown in the figure
53.
59
Actual output of the system:

The admin password entered to the system get succeeded as shown in the figure 54.
Outcome: Case 2 expected admin login results were succeeded.
4.2.3 Case 03 - Admin login access denied
Objective: Admin access must be denied when given password is wrong.
Testing data: Admin password 5648 which is wrong entered to the system.

The password 5648 entered to the system using keypad as show in the figure 55.
60
The given password is wrong and the admin login access get denied as shown in the
figure 56.
Outcome: Case 3 expected admin login access denied results were succeeded.
4.2.4 Case 04 - Two-factor authentication for accessing a bank locker
Objective: Two-factor authentication has to be successful in order to access the bank
locker.
Testing data: Enrollment ID 3 users fingerprint placed for the verification.

The figure 57 shows the bank locker system once turned on using metal on/ off switch.
The system is ready for two-factor verification.

The figure 58 shows that valid ID 3 once the fingerprint of a user belongs to enroll ID 3
placed on the fingerprint scanner.
61

Once the fingerprint validated, the SMS send to ID 3 users phone as shown in the figure
59.

The figure 60 shows that randomly generated one-time password send to the users
phone.
62

The OTP password 776172 entered to the system using keypad as shown in the figure
61.

Once the OTP password entered, the PIN get success as illustrate in the figure 62.
Fig. 63 Locker status

Once the two-factor authentication verified, the bank locker in access mode as depicts in
the figure 63.
Outcome: Case 4 expected two-factor authentication results were succeeded.
63
4.2.5 Case 05 - Bank locker locked mode

Objective: If one of authentication failed where the fingerprint or OTP, the locker must be
in locked mode and appropriate error message must be displayed in the system.
Testing data: Wrong fingerprint placed on the fingerprint scanner and OTP password
typed incorrectly.

The OTP password 384482 send to users phone as shown in the figure 64.

The OTP password entered incorrectly as 384483 to the system as shown in the figure
65.
64

The entered OTP password got invalid as shown in the figure 66.

The fingerprint not found in the database when invalid fingerprint placed on the scanner
as shown in the figure 67.
Fig. 68 Locker status

The bank locker system will be in locked status as shown in the figure 68 when two-factor
authentication failed.
Outcome: Case 5 expected bank lock status results were succeeded.
65
4.2.6 Case 06 - PIR Sensor

Objective: PIR sensor must detect motion during bank off times.
Testing data: The changes made in front of motion sensor in bank off time.

The message Motion Detected be alert displayed in the LCD and the buzzer
continuously beeped for four times as shown in the figure 69.
Outcome: Case 6 expected PIR sensor results were succeeded.
4.2.7 Case 07 - Vibration Sensor
Objective: Vibration sensor must detect if any bigger noise occurred in the bank.
Testing data: The bank locker hit by using a hammer to make big noise.

The message Vibration Detected be alert displayed in the LCD and the buzzer
continuously beeped for four times as shown in the figure 70.
Outcome: Case 7 expected Vibration sensor results were succeeded.
66
4.2.8 Case 08 - Delete an ID function

Objective: The given ID must get deleted in the database.
Testing data: ID 3 entered for the delete function.

The figure 71 illustrate the delete method of the system where ID 3 is given for deleting
to the system.

The given ID 3 get deleted in the database as shown in the figure 72.

Once the ID 3 get deleted, again the user belongs to ID 3 finger placed on the scanner
and relevant error message Finger not found displayed as shown in the figure 73.
Outcome: Case 8 expected Delete an ID results were succeeded.
67
4.2.9 Case 09 - One-time password expiration

Objective: The issued OTP pin must be expired after 30 seconds.
Testing data: The OTP password 100588 issued for a user and entered into the system
after 30 seconds as shown in the figure 74.


The OTP password expired and displayed as time out as shown in the figure 75.
Outcome: Case 9 expected OTP time expiration results were succeeded.
68
4.3 Unit testing results

The coded programs must be individually tested with an each device based on the
prepared test data. Any undesirable happening that will be noted and debugged where
the error corrections handled. At the end of this test the system errors will be removed.
Only the result of each device is present in this report. The actual components coding
previously presented in chapter 3.0 is under software implementation.
4.3.1 Keypad actual output
Fig. 76 Keypad output

The keypad physically connected with an Arduino board based on the pin configuration
Fig. 77 Keypad serial output

The serial output of keypad testing is illustrate in the figure 77. All the characters are typed
and worked efficiently.
69
4.3.2 I2C LCD actual output
Fig. 78 LCD output

The I2C coded to display Bank Locker System as shown in the figure 78. The LCD
module successfully worked.
4.3.3 Random one-time password generation actual output
Fig. 79 OTP serial output

The random OTP password generated in the void loop is shown in the figure 79. Each
attempt a different OTP get generated for authentication. The random one-time
password is successfully generated.
70
4.3.4 RTC module actual output
Fig. 80 RTC output

The RTC module connected with an Arduino board based on the pin configuration as
shown in the figure 80.
Fig. 81 RTC serial ouput

The figure 81 illustrate the current date and time with the help of RTC. The RTC generates
time and successfully and runs in the void loop.
71
4.3.5 Solenoid actual output
Fig. 82 Solenoid output

The solenoid connected with an Arduino board based on the pin configuration as shown
in the figure 82.
Fig. 83 Solenoid serial output

The figure 83 illustrate the lock status successfully. The solenoid coded to lock and unlock
with the delay of 1 second which runs in the void loop.
72
4.3.6 Fingerprint scanner actual output
Fig. 84 Fingerprint scanner output

The fingerprint scanner connected with an Arduino board based on the pin configuration
Fig. 85 Serial output of fingerprint enrollment

The figure 85 shows that the enrollment carried successfully for enroll ID 3. The fingerprint
scanner coded to take enroll three times for a user.
73
Fig. 86 Serial output of fingerprint verification

The figure 86 shows the verification carried successfully and identified as enroll ID 3 when
user belongs to enroll ID 3 fingerprint placed. The fingerprint scanner coded to display the
verified ID in the serial.
4.3.7 Fona GSM actual output
Fig. 87 Output of Fona GSM module

The Fona GSM connected with an Arduino board based on the pin configuration as shown
in the figure 87.
74
Fig. 88 Fona testing output

The figure 88 illustrate the testing message send to users phone. The GSM work
successfully in order to send the PIN to users phone.
4.3.8 Vibration sensor actual output
Fig. 89 Vibration sensor output

The vibration sensor connected with an Arduino board based on the pin configuration as
shown in the figure 89.
75
Fig. 90 Serial output of Vibration sensor

The figure 90 illustrate the vibration measurement. The sensor coded to detect vibration
if the measurement is more than 15000. The vibration sensor detected successfully and
displayed the results in the IDE serial.
4.3.9 PIR sensor actual output
Fig. 91 PIR sensor output

The PIR sensor connected with an Arduino board based on the pin configuration as shown
in the figure 91.
76
Fig. 92 Serial output of PIR sensor

The figure 92 illustrate the PIR sensor measurement. The sensor coded to detect motion
is value 1. The PIR sensor detected successfully and displayed the results in the IDE
serial.
4.4 User acceptance testing results

This testing is processed in order to verify if developed bank locker system meet the
customer\s requirements or solving the issues that addressed in the existing locker
system. In this stage, user or customer work with the develop locker system to determine
the test results.
The process user testing was executed by the develop system interaction and the
distribution of questionnaires as a major data collection from the random people who use
bank locker systems. The gathered data has its weight as it is a direct feedback and also
the people who filled their questionnaire seems comfortable, was easy going process as
their body language revealed their thoughts.
Questionnaires method have selected to get users feedback and results because large
amounts of information can be collected from a large number of users in a short period of
time. Compare to other methods, questionnaires are the cheapest method of data
gathering and frequently viewed as quick and easy to manage. It would be easy to assess
problems or failures and changes when data gathered. This ensures questionnaire is well
suited for data collection.
77
For the purpose of getting user testing result and feedback, the questionnaires are
distributed to 20 people who use bank locker systems and the analysis will be done based
on their feedbacks (Appendix 9.5).
4.4.1 Current status of existing bank locker system evaluation results
Fig. 93 Status of existing bank locker system

This figure 93 analysis shows, the more number of people agreed that the current bank
locker system in Sri Lanka is Poor. This ensures that the existing users of the bank locker
systems, requires more secured technologies to get better locker facility services.
4.4.2 Current failures of existing bank locker system evaluation results
Fig. 94 Failures of existing bank locker system
78
The figure 94 analysis shows, more number of people stated that no SMS service
regarding locker access. Traditional methods such as RFID, PIN and password followed
that could be easily fraud and required to carry identity proofs. This ensures that the
current system is not suitable and advance system need to be introduce to overcome
these failures. This is possible by implementing the developed bank locker system based
on two-factor authentication.
4.4.3 Best solution to overcome current issues evaluation results
Fig. 95 Solution to overcome current issues

The figure 95 analysis suggesting best solution to a Bank. More users recommended to
implement Two-factor authentication based locker system than other solutions. This
ensures, users will be satisfied with the implementation of bank locker system based on
two-factor authentication.
4.4.4 Flexibility of bank locker system evaluation results
Fig. 96 Flexibility of bank locker system
79
The figure 96 shows that the developed locker system is not user friendly for more number
of users. Even though it is not user friendly, more features and enhancements can be
implemented in the future to satisfy the users.
4.4.5 Performance of the developed bank locker system
Fig. 97 Performance of the bank locker system

The figure 97 analysis shows, 10 users agreed with the performance speed of developed
bank locker system. This depends on the knowledge of a user and it differs accordingly.
More training and user manual must be introduced to users to become more familiar with
the system. Further, the flexible advanced devices can be deployed in future in order to
improve the system performance.
4.4.6 Overall developed locker system functions test results
Fig. 98 Overall test results
80
The figure 98 illustrate the overall test results conducted for 20 users. The enrollment get
succeeded for 17 users, the fingerprint verification and OTP send to users phone get
succeeded for 15 users. Some of the users enrollment and verification got failed due to
dirt and dryness on the fingers skin that leads to false rejections.
4.4.7 Success and error rate of developed bank locker system
Fig. 99 Success and error rate of the locker system

The figure 99 illustrates the overall success and error rate based on the output of 20
users. 75% of the users are success in testing the bank locker system. The possibilities
as to why 25% false rejection rate occurred to be identified may influence by low quality
image, user skin condition, expression and low quality scanners. It is stated that the
fingerprint GT511C3 scanner FAR is less than 0.001% and FRR is less than 0.1% by the
device manufacturer. Anon. [undated]
The FAR from the user testing and fingerprint scanner is low. That shows high accuracy
where the possibility of incorrectly acceptance being lower than the given fact is very
marginal. False rejection rate is high from the users testing and low from the fingerprint.
Even though it is rejected still the bank locker system is secured. Also there is no
possibility to reduce both these errors simultaneously.
4.4.8 Process time of each function of the locker system
Table 16 Processing time of each function
Testing Parameters
Enrolment
Process time
3 Seconds: three times enrolment has to be taken for a user.
81
1 Second: it can increase depending on the number of

Verification
templates stored.
On-time password
3 Seconds: includes sending PIN through the GSM.
Motion
and
Vibration sensor
1 Second for detection of motion and vibration.
4.5 Executive summary

The test plan and its test cases are processed in the developed system and there were
some errors in the beginning of the process that are identified through the testing which
are Keypad doesnt work (no output), fingerprint scanner doesnt give Tx and Rx signals
and the I2C LCD doesnt give display. The rework is done in order to solve these issues
and again processed to the test stages as planned. The current results of the test plan
has no errors and the developed bank locker system functions would be done correctly
to achieve its objectives and it ensures that the error handling will be processed efficiently
whenever a user inputs given invalid.
Overall, the users are satisfied with developed bank locker system. The strengths and
weakness have been analyzed and identified by the questionnaire. The strengths of this
developed system are more speed, solve current failures and save money to the bank
sectors. The weakness are not enough flexibility and language issues not solved. The
weakness identified by the users feedback results will be considered and overcome in
future to the maximum level with more enhancements.
82
5.0 DISCUSSION
In completing this project, there are several problems encountered throughout the system
design, development and hardware implementation of the project. To overcome these
issues different research works, forums and internet sources are referred. The initial
system design and its processes were carried successfully as long as its depth was not
concerned.
Selecting the Arduino microcontroller was a difficult task that let to problems. The Arduino
UNO based on ATmega328P was analyzed to choose as the microcontroller. The Uno
has 6 analog input output pins, 14 digital pins, 7 pins with PWM signals and 1K EEPROM.
While working on this project as number of devices increased, it was not possible to
connect all the devices on UNO board since the requirement of PWM signals pins, analog
pins, digital pins was more. Other concerned was one-time password generation that
required more EEPROM spaces to store the values. Next, the Arduino Mega 2560 based
on ATmega2560 microcontroller was used which has 16 analog in/out pins, 54 digital
pins, 15 pins with PWM signals and 4K EEPROM. This gave solution to overcome the
problems faced with Uno. The fingerprint sensor and Fona GSM module used and both
required TX and RX pins. This is sorted out by having Mega 2560 board that had four
hardware serial ports to communicate whereas Uno fail to solve this.
There was a main problem encountered on GSM shield. In the development initial stage,
the SIMCOM 900 Quad band GSM based on IComSat V1.1 was used. Then the GSM
shield was connected on Arduino Mega board to perform AT command testing to send a
SMS. As a result the GSM shield was not responded and was unable to send a SMS.
Searching for this problem was done using hardware testing to detect where the issue
was. From the testing, it is shown that the SIM power is not turned on and there was short
in circuit in order to give the power. Further, this issue was not solved with the help of
internet sources. The GSM was replaced with the SIM800L Fona GSM module to solve
the issues. It worked with the AT commands during testing and it could able to send a
SMS.
In the development of one-time password time expiration, the problem occurred with the
coding. The RTC module used for time expiration calculation but during testing it did not
work out. The millis() method coding used to overcome this issues by calculating the
number of milliseconds for the OTP time expiration.
83
Finally, all the circuit and system design process was successfully worked and the
problems encountered during project development solved efficiently. The proposed aim
and objectives successfully achieved by the implementation of Bank locker system based
on two-factor authentication.
84
6.0 CONCLUSION
Bank robberies are rapidly growing in todays word due to traditional authentication
methods followed in the bank locker system. There is no any system which is completely
out of spoofing. Every system is subject to breakable. A single authentication system with
password or biometric can be easily breakable and not secured/reliable. The proposed
bank locker system based on two-factor authentication provides high performance,
security, reliability, throughput and robustness. The fingering biometric which is unique
and one-time password send to users phone which has time expiration are referred for
two-factor authentication. This eliminating to remember PINs, password, carrying keys
and identity proofs. The developed locker system concept gives the additional features
to detect theft by using PIR and vibration sensor for more security.
The bank locker system based on two-factor authentication project was completed
successfully with positive outcomes. Existing data and similar system researches add
value to my project development. Throughout the project a lot of knowledge,
troubleshooting the problems and finding solutions for it are gained analytically and
technically. The software implementation of this project leads author to understand and
experienced about open integrated development environment, Arduino platform and its
programming languages such as Java and C/C++ in depth.
Development of two-factor authentication allowed to get a full view of industry evolving
security technologies. Further knowledge gathered about fingerprint biometric, its type of
measurements which are minutiae features, image preprocessing, fingerprint verification
and one-time password generation.
Besides, through this project a lot of skills have been developed not only software
development and hardware implementation but also the capabilities of innovating new
embedded systems in different platforms have been learned.
Overall, the project achieved its each aim and objectives proposed and the developed
bank locker system is fully automated with error-free. Further, the bank locker system
based on two-factor authentication can be launched as a product for Bank sectors with
required modification.
85
7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK

The desired outcome of the project was accomplished. Moreover, to adopt new
technology as it comes, to provide more security and services, the future work can be
done for bank locker system. The future work was analyzed when developing the project
to increase the scope further.
Along with the bank locker system, the AES128 bit encryption can be enabled for secure
communication with implementation of CryptoShield. This adds security layer to the
system by processing encryption and decryption. This shield inbuilt with AES-128
encrypted EEPROM that provides both authentication and confidential non-volatile date
storage. The system security can be enhanced further with the help of this shield.
Nowadays internet banking plays a major role in humans life in order to check and
transfer payments. The access details of bank locker system can be merged with internet
banking with the execution of Ethernet shield. The Ethernet shield can be programmed to
act as a web server between Arduino mega microcontroller and the banks website.
Whenever the access details of the bank locker system is logged it would send to banks
website through virtual port using Ethernet shield.
Instead of fingerprint biometric authentication, the face recognition can be used with onetime password generation. The face recognition is one of the biometric technology rapidly
increasing these days and widely used in various application. With the face recognition
bank locker system become more user friendly to all type of users.
The fingerprint image sensing quality can be improved by using 3D image scanner to
provide more accuracy. This may leads to result in false acceptance rate and false
rejection rate marginally.
The latest cellular shield SM5100B which is compatible with Arduino platform can be
deployed further for speedy communication. Use of this cellular shield would take less
processing time to send the one-time password to users phone than current GSM
module.
86
8.0 REFERENCES
Adafruit,
I.
[undated]
PIR
Motion
Sensor
Tutorial
[available
at:
http://www.instructables.com/id/PIR-Motion-Sensor-Tutorial/?ALLSTEPS] [accessed
08/05/2015].
Alberto, P. [undated] Arduino / YourDuino MEGA 1280 and 2560 Pinouts: [available
at: https://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/MegaQuickRef] [accessed 24/03/2015].
Anon. [undated] Adafruit FONA - Mini Cellular GSM Breakout uFL Version - v1
[available at: http://www.adafruit.com/product/1946] [accessed 28/04/2015].
Anon.
[undated]
Arduino
Mega
[available
at:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardMega] [accessed 20/03/2015].

Anon.
[2013]
Fingerprint
Scanner
TTL
(GT-511C3)
[available
at:
https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11792] [accessed 25/04/2015].

Anon. [undated] Lithium Ion Polymer Battery - 3.7v 1200mAh [available at:
http://www.adafruit.com/products/258] [accessed 02/05/2015].
Anon.
[undated]
LM393+SW18015
Vibration
Sensor
Module
[available
http://www.electrodragon.com/product/vibration-sensor-sw-18010p/]
at:
[accessed
14/05/2015].
Anon.
[undated]
Lock-style
Solenoid
12VDC
[available
at:
https://www.adafruit.com/products/1512] [accessed 18/05/2015].

Anon. [undated] Matrix Keypad 4x4, Membrane type, Self Adhesive [available at:
http://www.sunrom.com/p/matrix-keypad-4x4-membrane-type-self-adhesive]
[accessed 02/04/2025].
Anon.
[undated]
Piezo
Speaker
[available
at:

Anon.
[undated]
SparkFun
Real
Time
Clock
Module
[available
at:
87
Anon. [undated] Step 2: Interfacing the relay modules to the Arduino [available at:
http://www.hobbyist.co.nz/?q=interfacing-relay-modules-to-arduino]
[accessed
14/04/2015].
Anon. [undated] Tutorial 03: Arduino IDE and Sketch Overview [available at:
https://opensourcehardwaregroup.com/tutorial-3-arduino-ide-and-sketch-overview/]
[accessed 25/05/2014].
Aruna Mane, D. and Sirkazi, M. (2013) LOCKER SECURITY SYSTEM USING RFID
AND GSM TECHNOLOGY. Vol. 6, No. 2 International Journal of Advances in
Engineering
and
Technology.
[available
at:
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/87424818/locker-security-system-usingrfid-gsm-technology] [viewed on 8/3/2015].

Davide, M., Dario, M., Anil, K. and Salil, P. (2009) Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition.
2nd ed. London: Springer-Verlag. pp.98 - 100, P978-1-84882-253-5.
James Stephen, M. and Prasad, R. (2011) Implementation of Easy Fingerprint Image
Authentication with Traditional Euclidean and Singular Value Decomposition
Algorithms. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 4-5, Visakhapatnam: ICSRS Publication. [available at:
http://home.ijasca.com/data/documents/vol.3.2.5.July.11_Implementation-of-EasyFingerprint-Image.pdf] [viewed on 5/3/2015].
Malpartida, F. [undated] LCD Displays (Blue and Yellow) with I2C/TWI Interface
[available
at:
https://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/LCD-Blue-I2C]
[accessed
28/03/2015].
Pavithra, B., Myna, B. and Kavyashree, M. (2014) FINGERPRINT BASED BANK
LOCKER SYSTEM USING MICROCONTROLLER. India: Proceedings of IRF
International Conference. pp. 155-159, 978-93-82702-71-9.
Raghuram, G. and Subhramanyasarma , G. (2013) LOCKER OPENING AND
CLOSING SYSTEM USING RFID, FINGERPRINT, PASSWORD AND GSM. Vol. 2,
No. 2, pp. 142-144, International Journal of Emerging Trends And Technology in
computer science. [available at: http://www.ijettcs.org/Volume2Issue2/IJETTCS-201304-03-060.pdf] [viewed on 12/3/2015].
Ramani, R., Selvaraju, S., Valarmathy, S. and Niranjan, P. (2012) Bank Locker
Security System based on RFID and GSM Technology. Vol. 57, No. 18, pp. 15-19,
88
International
Journal
of
Computer
Applications.
http://research.ijcaonline.org/volume57/number18/pxc3883761.pdf]
[available
[viewed
at:
on
10/3/2015].
Rraguse, R. (2012) Part 1 Of 2: Mini Enterprise And Rapid Application Development.
[available at: https://myriadmobile.com/2012/02/part-1-of-2-mini-enterprise-and-rapidapplication-development/] [accessed 14/3/2015].
Wen, L. and Srik, G. (2011) Dealing with the minutiae of fingerprint analysis, pp. 1-3.
[available
at:
http://www.embedded.com/design/safety-and-
security/4214748/3/Dealing-with-the-minutiae-of-fingerprint-analysis]
[accessed
15/03/2015].
89
9.0 APPENDICES
9.1 Type of measurements
Minutiae are the special features of a fingerprint which have been predefined and
categorized. Figure 100 shows two main features of minutiae, which are mostly extracted
from the fingerprint:
1 and 2 are ridge endings

3 is bifurcation
Fig. 100 features. davide et al (2009, p.98)
These features are used as measurements for the fingerprint recognition. The minutiae
are not restricted to these two features, it may concern following features besides:
Fig. 101 Minutiae features. Yongchang and Kentucky (2008, p.13)
90
Core and delta are also used for classification or as landmarks for feature extraction.
Core is a center of the pattern.
Delta is a spot where three patterns
deviate.
Fingerprint pattern loop begins and
finishes at the same side that resembles
the opening side.
Whorl is an uneven circular with the ridge Fig. 102 Landmarks (Davide et al (2009, p.100)
lines spreading all over.
9.1.1 Measuring process
In order to get the minutiae successful from the fingerprint, the fingerprint images must
be preprocessed which usually performs using an image processing algorithms.
The image processing steps are:
1. Segmentation and filtering (normalizing and enhancing the input image using
histograms): To extract exact fingerprint area from the image taken, separate valid
fingerprint from the image background and enhancement. Filtering can be applied to
the image to get rid of noise in the fingerprint image.
2. Contrast enhancement: The image is entitled to gray stretch to increase the global
contrast of the image and get rid of attenuate the contrast. Orientation calculation:
About mapping out the orientation of a fingerprints ridges for getting the valid minutiae
and to figure out the directions.
3. Gabor filtering: The certain place of the fingerprint image has been enhanced and
undesired noise has been removed. This derives to a robust image for reliable minutiae
feature extracting.
4. Binarization: To adopt the gray-level image to binary level, which are 1 or 0s. Once
its done, the ridges and valleys are in black and white.
5. Thinning: To reject the noise and singular pixels.
6. Creation of skeleton map: It is created from the enhanced binary image to find all exact
lines of the ridges, valley, core, delta and bifurcation.
91
7. Feature extraction: At this stage, minutiae features such as ridge ending and
bifurcations can be extracted from the final image. Figure 4 shows the fingerprint image
for each processing step during the entire digital image processing flow. Wen and Srik
(2011, pp.2-3)
Fig. 103 Image-processing steps. Wen and Srik (2011, p.3)

9.1.2 The fingerprint system architecture:
Fig. 104 system architecture. Wen and Srik (2011, p.1)

Figure 104 illustrates a typical fingerprint authentication processing flow. Enrollment is
where the system studies about all the users it will have to recognize each time. During
enrollment, each user's fingerprint is scanned, analyzed and then minutiae will be
extracted in a coded form or as a template on a secure database to be utilized for future
comparison. Mostly, less than a half second takes to store a users fingerprint in a
database. The system is ready to use once enrollment is accomplished.
The stage verification is where any user who wants to gain access has to place their finger
on a scanner with an ID number. The scanner proceeds their fingerprint, checks it against
the print for the given ID number that is stored in a database (known as 1 to 1 comparison).
Then, decides whether the user is gaining access or not. Wen and Srik (2011, p.1).
92
9.2 Components features, specifications and schematic diagram

9.2.1 Specifications of Arduino mega 2560 r3 board
Table 17 Specifications of Arduino mega 2560
Specifications of Arduino Mega 2560 R3 board
Microcontroller
ATmega2560
Operating Voltage
5V
Input Voltage (recommended)
7-12V
Input Voltage (limits)
6-20V
Digital I/O Pins
54 (of which 15 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins
16
DC Current per I/O Pin
40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin
50 mA
Flash Memory
256 KB of which 8 KB used by boot loader
SRAM
8 KB
EEPROM
4 KB
Clock Speed
16 MHz
9.2.2 Keyapd 4x4

Key Specifications of keypad are:
Maximum Rating: 24 VDC, 30 mA
Interface: 8-pin access to 4x4 matrix
Operating temperature: 32 to 122 F (0 to 50C)
Dimensions: Keypad, 2.7 x 3.0 in (6.9 x 7.6 cm)
Mount Style: Self-Adherence
Operation Temperature: -20 to +40 C
93
Schematic diagram of keypad is illustrated in the figure 105.
Fig. 105 Schematic diagram of keypad

9.2.3 Piezo buzzer
Features of Piece Piezo buzzer are:
The PS series are high-performance buzzers that employ unimorph piezoelectric
elements and are designed for easy incorporation into various circuits.
It extremely use low power consumption in comparison to electromagnetic units.
These buzzers are designed for external excitation, the same part can serve as
both a musical tone oscillator and a buzzer.
They can be used with automated inserters.
Specifications of Piezo buzzer are:
Diameter : 30 0.5mm
Height
: 20
0.5mm
Weight : 7.5g
Rated Voltage: 12v DC
Operating Voltage: 3v-24v
Rated Current (Max): 30mA
Min Sound Output at 10cm: 87-95db
Resonant Frequency: 3000500HZ
Operating Temperature: -20C to 50C
94
Schematic diagram of buzzer is illustrated in the figure 106.
Fig. 106 Schematic diagram of buzzer

9.2.4 RTC Module
Features of Real Time Clock module are:
56-Byte, Battery-Backed, General-Purpose RAM with Unlimited Writes
I2C Serial Interface
24C32 32K I2C EEPROM Memory
Programmable Square-Wave Output Signal
Automatic Power-Fail Detect and Switch Circuitry
Consumes Less than 500nA in Battery-Backup
Mode with Oscillator Running
Optional Industrial Temperature Range: -40C to +85C
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Recognized
Specifications of Real Time Clock module are:

Length: 24.21mm/0.95in
Width: 30.44mm/1.2in
Height: 5mm/0.2in
Weight: 4g/0.14oz
Mounting holes are 3.3mm(0.13in) diameter, 30mm(1.1in) apart
This board/chip uses I2C 7-bit address 0x68
95
Schematic diagram of RTC module is illustrated in the figure 107.
Fig. 107 Schematic diagram of RTC module

9.2.5 YWrobot relay
Specifications of YWrobot relay are:
Size: 53mm*28.3mm*19.3mm
Net weight: 18g
With 4 fixed screw holes, convenient installation and fixation.
Schematic diagram of relay is illustrated in the figure 108.
Fig. 108 Schematic diagram of relay
96
9.2.6 Fona GSM module

Features of Fona GSM module are:
Make and receive calls using a headset.
Send and receive messages.
Send and receive GPRS data includes TCP/IP, HTTP and etc.
Scan and receive FM radio broadcasts.
Auto baud detection interface with AT command.
Vibration motor can provide noiseless notifications.
Indicator LEDs for public network connectivity and power.
Schematic diagram of Fona GSM is illustrated in the figure 109.
Fig. 109 Schematic diagram of Fona GSM
97
9.2.7 PIR sensor

Key Specifications of PIR sensor are:
Power requirements: 3.3 to 5 VDC
Communication: single bit high/low output
Dimensions: 1.27 x 0.96 x 1.0 in (32.2 x 24.3 x 25.4 mm)
Operating temp range: +32 to +121 F (0 to +50 C
Schematic diagram of PIR is illustrated in the figure 110
Fig. 110 Schematic diagram of PIR

9.2.8 Vibration sensor
Specifications of vibration sensor are:
Working voltage: 3.3V~5V
Output type: Digital switching output (0 and 1)
Uses SW-420 closed vibration sensor module
Dimensions: 5.1 cm x 1.4 cm x 0.5 cm
Schematic diagram of vibration sensor is illustrated in the figure 111.
Fig. 111 Schematic diagram of vibration sensor
98
9.2.9 Solenoid
Specifications of Solenoid are:
12VDC but can use 9-12 DC which lead results in slower operation.
Dimensions: 23.57mm / 0.92" x 67.47mm / 2.65" x 27.59mm / 11.08"
Designed for 1-10 seconds long activation time
Weight: 147.71g
Schematic diagram of Solenoid is illustrated in the figure 112.
Fig. 112 Schematic diagram of Solenoid
9.3 Flow chart diagram dictionary

Table 18 Flow chart dictionary
Symbol
Description
A terminal which tells where the flow chart
begins and ends.
A process is used to represent function
performed by a system.
A data store or database which is an
inventory of face images data.
Its a decision which represent a question.
The answer to the question determine the
flow should go through.
A data flow which represents input or
output of a process. Complete
99
9.4 Bank locker system code implementation

Table 19 Bank locker system complete coding
#include <call.h>
#include <gps.h>
#include <HWSerial.h>
#include <inetGSM.h>
#include <LOG.h>
#include <SIM900.h>
#include <sms.h>
#include <Streaming.h>
#include <WideTextFinder.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <RTClib.h>
#include <Keypad.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include "FPS_GT511C3.h"
#include "SoftwareSerial.h"
#include <String.h>
#include <sms.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include "Adafruit_FONA.h"
#define PIN_RELAY 32
#define PIN_BUZZER 13
#define PIN_POWER 35
#define PIN_PIR
33
#define PIN_VIB
41
#define PIN_GSM_ON 9
#define VIB_HR
const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows

const byte COLS = 4; //four columns
char hexaKeys[ROWS][COLS] = {
{'1','2','3','A'},
{'4','5','6','B'},
{'7','8','9','C'},
100
{'S','0','E','D'}
};
byte rowPins[ROWS] = {30, 28, 26, 24}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
byte colPins[COLS] = {25, 27, 29, 31}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad
Keypad customKeypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(hexaKeys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS,
COLS);
SMSGSM sms;
SoftwareSerial mySerial(4, 5);
RTC_DS1307 RTC;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIVE);
FPS_GT511C3 fps(11, 12);
int hr_24, hr_12;

String hr_Status="";
String str_Password="";
String str_AdminPW="5647";
String str_acno="";
int menu_status=0;
int admin_status=0;
int acc_no=0;
int pir_val=0;
int vib_val=0;
int buttonState = 0;
int randNumber;
String str_tmprndpw="";
String str_rndpw="";
unsigned long start, finished, elapsed;
101
//char smsbuffer[160];
//char n[20];
#define FONA_RX 2
#define FONA_TX 10
#define FONA_RST 4
SoftwareSerial fonaSS = SoftwareSerial(FONA_TX, FONA_RX);

Adafruit_FONA fona = Adafruit_FONA(FONA_RST);
char sendto[21]="+94777211092", message[141]="Anis";
void setup()
{
pinMode(PIN_RELAY, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PIN_BUZZER, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PIN_POWER, INPUT);
pinMode(PIN_GSM_ON, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PIN_PIR, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(20,4);
Wire.begin();
mySerial.begin(9600);
RTC.begin();
RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
fps.UseSerialDebug = false; // messages in the serial debug screen

fps.Open();
//fps.SetLED(true); // turn on the LED inside the fps
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" Bank Locker ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("
System
");
delay(2000);
102
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" Developed By ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Sutharshan S");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(PIN_GSM_ON, HIGH);
beep(200);
menu_status=0;
admin_status=0;
digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY,HIGH);
fonaSS.begin(4800); // if you're using software serial

//Serial1.begin(4800); // if you're using hardware serial
if (! fona.begin(fonaSS)) // can also try fona.begin(Serial1)

{
Serial.println(F("Couldn't find FONA"));
while (1);
}
Serial.println(F("FONA is OK"));
char sendto[21]="+94777211092", message[141]="Welcome to Bank Locker

System";
if (!fona.sendSMS(sendto, message)) {
Serial.println(F("Failed"));
} else {
Serial.println(F("Sent!"));
}
delay(3000);
}
103
void loop()
{
buttonState = digitalRead(PIN_POWER);
if(buttonState==HIGH)
{
fps.SetLED(true);
}
else
{
fps.SetLED(false);
}
//Date and Time

DateTime now = RTC.now();
if(menu_status==0)
{
hr_24=now.hour();
if (hr_24==0)
{
hr_12=12;
}
else
{
hr_12=hr_24%12;
}
if (hr_24<12)
{
hr_Status="AM";
}
else
{
hr_Status="PM";
104
String
v_date=
String(now.year())
"-"
String(now.month())
"-"
String(now.day());
String v_time= String(hr_12) + ":" + String(now.minute()) + ":" + String(now.second())
+ " " + hr_Status;
//Serial.println(v_date);
//Serial.println(v_time);
//VIB
vib_val = digitalRead(PIN_VIB); // read input value
if(vib_val==0)
{
if(now.hour()>=VIB_HR)
{
Serial.print("Vibration Detected");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Vibration Detected");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Be Alert");
beep(300);
delay(2000);
menu_status=4;
}
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Date: " + v_date);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Time: " + v_time);
//lcd.setCursor(14,1);
105
//lcd.print(hr_Status);
if (fps.IsPressFinger())
{
fps.CaptureFinger(false);
int id = fps.Identify1_N();
if (id <200)
{
Serial.print("Verified ID:");
Serial.println(id);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Valid Id");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(id);
str_tmprndpw="";
generatePassword();
str_tmprndpw="Your PIN Code is:" + String(str_tmprndpw);
str_tmprndpw.toCharArray(message,160);
char sendto[21]="+94777211092", message[141]="";

str_tmprndpw.toCharArray(message,141);
fonaSS.begin(4800); // if you're using software serial

//Serial1.begin(4800); // if you're using hardware serial
if (! fona.begin(fonaSS)) // can also try fona.begin(Serial1)

{
Serial.println(F("Couldn't find FONA"));
while (1);
}
Serial.println(F("FONA is OK"));
106
if (!fona.sendSMS(sendto, message)) {
} else {
start=millis();
Serial.print("Start:");
Serial.println(start);
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SMS Sent");
//lcd.setCursor(0,1);
//lcd.print("Pin Code:" + str_tmprndpw);
delay(5000);
}
else
{
Serial.println("Finger not found");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Finger not found");
delay(1000);
}
}
else
{
Serial.println("Please press finger");
}
if(digitalRead(PIN_PIR) == HIGH && now.hour()>22)
107
{
beep(200);
}
}
if(menu_status==4)
{
for(int x=1;x<=5;x++)
{
beep(500);
}
menu_status=0;
char customKey = customKeypad.getKey();
if (customKey)
{
Serial.println(customKey);
if(customKey=='A')//Admin
{
menu_status=1;
beep(200);
Serial.println("Admin");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Admin Password:");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.blink();
}
if(customKey=='B')//Enroll
{
108
menu_status=2;
beep(200);
if(admin_status==1)
{
Serial.println("Enrollment");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("E-Enter Ac/No:");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.blink();
}
else
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Log in");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Required");
delay(2000);
}
}
if(customKey=='C')//Delete
{
menu_status=3;
beep(200);
if(admin_status==1)
{
Serial.println("Delete");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("D-Enter Ac/No:");
109
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.blink();
Serial.println(fps.DeleteID(str_acno.toInt()));
}
else
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Log in");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Required");
delay(2000);
}
}
if(customKey=='D')//Process
{
beep(200);
lcd.noBlink();
if(menu_status==1)
{
if(str_Password==str_AdminPW)
{
beep(200);
admin_status=1;
menu_status=0;
}
else
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Invalid Password");
beep(500);
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
110
str_Password="";
admin_status=0;
menu_status=0;
}
}
if(menu_status==2)
{
acc_no=str_acno.toInt();
Enroll(acc_no);
acc_no=0;
menu_status=0;
}
if(menu_status==3)
{
acc_no=str_acno.toInt();
fps.DeleteID(acc_no);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Deleted");
beep(500);
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
acc_no=0;
menu_status=0;
}
//********************************************************
if(menu_status==5)
{
finished=millis();
111
Serial.print("Finished:");
Serial.println(finished);
elapsed=finished-start;
Serial.print("Milliseconds Elapsed:");
Serial.println(elapsed);
str_tmprndpw=str_tmprndpw.substring(str_tmprndpw.length()6,str_tmprndpw.length());
if(elapsed<30000)
{
if(str_rndpw==str_tmprndpw)
{
//Relay
digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY,LOW);
//beep(200);
//delay(2000);
//digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY,HIGH);
beep(200);
Serial.println("Pin Success");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("PIN Success");
delay(2000);
}
else
{
Serial.println("Invalid Pin Code");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Invalid PIN");
delay(2000);
112
}
menu_status=0;
}
else
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Time Out");
}
str_rndpw="";
str_tmprndpw="";
}
}
if(customKey=='S')//Enroll
{
menu_status=5;
beep(200);
Serial.println("Pin Enter");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Enter Pin:");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.blink();
}
if(customKey=='E')//Enroll
{
lcd.clear();
menu_status=0;
admin_status=0;
acc_no=0;
digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY,HIGH);
}
113
if (customKey=='1' || customKey=='2' || customKey=='3' || customKey=='4' ||

customKey=='5'
||
customKey=='6'
||
customKey=='7'
||
customKey=='8'
||
customKey=='9' || customKey=='0' || customKey=='.')

{
if(menu_status==1)
{
lcd.print("*");
str_Password += customKey;
Serial.println(str_Password);
}
if(menu_status==2 || menu_status==3)
{
lcd.print(customKey);
str_acno += customKey;
Serial.println(str_acno);
}
if(menu_status==5)
{
lcd.print(customKey);
str_rndpw += customKey;
Serial.println(str_rndpw);
}
}
delay(100);
}
}
void beep(unsigned char delayms){
analogWrite(PIN_BUZZER, 20);
delay(delayms);
analogWrite(PIN_BUZZER,0);
delay(delayms);
}
114
//void SendSMSMessage()
//{
// if (!fona.sendSMS("+94777211092", smsbuffer)) {
//
// } else {
//
// }
//}
void generatePassword()
{
//String temp_pw="";
randomSeed(analogRead(0)); // read from an analog port with nothing connected
for(int i=0; i < 6; i++)

{
randNumber = random(0,9);
str_tmprndpw=str_tmprndpw + String(randNumber);
}
Serial.print(str_tmprndpw);
}
void Enroll(int en)

{
// Enroll test
// find open enroll id

//int enrollid = 0;
bool usedid = true;
while (usedid == true)
{
usedid = fps.CheckEnrolled(en);
//enrollid++;
if (usedid==true)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
115
lcd.print("Id Already Exist");

}
}
fps.EnrollStart(en);
// enroll
Serial.print("Press finger to Enroll #");
Serial.println(en);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Place finger to");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Enroll -1");
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == false) delay(100);

bool bret = fps.CaptureFinger(true);
int iret = 0;
if (bret != false)
{
Serial.println("Remove finger");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Remove Finger");
fps.Enroll1();
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == true) delay(100);
Serial.println("Press same finger again");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Place Finger to");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
116

bret = fps.CaptureFinger(true);
if (bret != false)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
fps.Enroll2();
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == true) delay(100);
Serial.println("Press same finger yet again");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Place Finger to");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);

bret = fps.CaptureFinger(true);
if (bret != false)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
iret = fps.Enroll3();
if (iret == 0)
{
Serial.println("Enrolling Successfull");
117
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Enroll. Success");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Id:" + String(en));
delay(2000);
menu_status=0;
}
else
{
Serial.print("Enrolling Failed with error code:");
Serial.println(iret);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Enrollment");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Failed");
delay(2000);
menu_status=0;
}
}
else Serial.println("Failed to capture third finger");
}
else Serial.println("Failed to capture second finger");
}
else Serial.println("Failed to capture first finger");
}
118
9.5 Questionnaire
User Feedback Results Regarding Bank Locker System based on
Two-factor Authentication
1. Customer Name
: ..
2. What is your status about current operating bank locker system in Sri Lanka?
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
3. Are you facing any failures with a current bank locker system?
Yes
No
If it is Yes what are failures that you are facing with a current bank locker system?
System is not automated
Traditional methods used in security system such as PIN/password/RFID cards
Not secured easily breakable
Require Identity proofs such as national identity card and etc.
Language issues
No SMS service regarding bank locker when it is accessed
Other
4. What would be expected solution to overcome current locker system failures?

Fingerprint based bank locker system
Face recognition based bank locker system
IRIS based bank locker system
Two factor authentication based bank locker system
5. Is your fingerprint enrollment get success with the developed bank locker system
based on two-factor authentication?
Yes
No
119
6. Is your fingerprint get verified with the developed bank locker system?
Yes
No
7. Did you received the One-time password send to your phone during testing?
Yes
No
8. Is the developed automated bank locker system flexible enough/user friendly?
Yes
No
Rating:
9. Current bank locker system is been replaced by two-factor authentication based bank
locker system, what does it impact?
New developed bank locker system work speedy

Not enough speed
Partially speed
10. Comment or suggestion about developed bank locker system based on two-factor
authentication?
120

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

5. Is your fingerprint enrollment get success with the developed bank locker system based
on two-factor authentication?
Yes
No
Yes
No
121
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
122

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
123
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
124

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
125
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
126

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
127
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
128

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
129
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
130

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
131
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
132

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
133
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
134

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
135
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
136

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
137
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
138

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
139
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
140

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
141
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
142

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
143
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
144

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
145
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
146

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
147
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
148

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
149
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
150

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
151
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
152

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
153
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
154

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
155
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
156

1. Customer Name
: .
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Poor
Yes
No

Language issues
Other

Yes
No
Yes
No
157
Yes
No
Yes
No
Rating:

Not enough speed
Partially speed
authentication?
158

Bank Locker Security System Based On Two-Factor Authentication Project Report by S.sutharshan

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Bank Locker Security System Based On Two-Factor Authentication Project Report by S.sutharshan

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BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Technology, Engineering and the

BSc [Hons] Computer Networks and Security

Individual Project Final Report

3.5.8 Passive Inferred Sensor ............................................................................... 37

4.2.5 Case 05 - Bank locker locked mode ............................................................. 64

9.0 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 90

Table 14 Two-factor authentication testing ................................................................... 56

Fig. 28 Circuit diagram of relay and solenoid................................................................ 35

Fig. 65 Testing data of case 5 ...................................................................................... 64

Fig. 102 Landmarks (Davide et al (2009, p.100) ........................................................... 91

Integrated Development Environment

Real Time Clock Module

Volts Direct Current

Serial Data Line

Serial Clock Line

Analog to Digital Convertor

Light Emitting Diode

Pulse Width Modulation

Positive Supply Voltage

EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

Global System for Mobile communication

Short Message Service

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

1.1 Problem definition

1.4 Aim of the project

1.5 Objectives of the project

1.6 Product description

Fig. 1 Bank locker system product description

1.7 Organization of this thesis

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Existing system related work

2.1.2 Bank locker system using microcontroller based on fingerprint technology

Fig. 3 Block diagram of locker system based on fingerprint technologhy. Pavithra et al

2.1.4 Proposed bank locker system based on Two-factor authentication

2.2 Comparative study of existing system and proposed bank locker

are used in this password

password An 8 character A user needs to A user need to enter

you system whereas a used

8 the 6 character PIN

to authenticate a password which is authenticated

account enter the given user. Referred send

names, password, password through password

PIN and passcode. the keypad and the system is user

for each access has a

password must be which can be

limited time span.

RFID card is used No

RFID card is used A phone is used for

the authentication as purpose. A user must

Examples: this system. The type

of earlier system. A bring the phone in

smart cards, token RFID card can be Something you user

be order to see the PIN

forgot to bring the when he/she receives

it through the GSM.

iris, retina, voice

you type is used in this used as one of used

biometrics The fingerprint The

identical twins who

share the same DNA

fingerprints and this

you Something you Something