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Syndrome
Ahmad Handayani
MER-C Cabang Medan
OVERVIEW
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fatty
Streak
Fibrous
Plaque
Atherosclerotic
Plaque
Plaque
Rupture/
Fissure &
Thrombosis
Myocardial
Infarction
Ischemic
Stroke
Clinically Silent
Angina
Transient Ischemic Attack
Claudication/PAD
Critical
Leg
Ischemia
Cardiovascular Death
Increasing Age
3
Faktor resiko
Aterosklerosis
PATHOFISIOLOGY
PATHOFISIOLOGY
Stable Plaque
Unstable Plaque
Disrupted Plaque
Unstable coronary
artery disease
Thrombusforms
formsand
and
Thrombus
extendsinto
intothe
thelumen
lumen
extends
Thrombus
Lipid core
Adventitia
DIAGNOSIS OF
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
ChestPain
Anamnese
Stable = AP
Unstable = ACS
Angina Pectoris
Stabil
Unstable Angina
1.
2.
3.
Angina at rest
Crescendo angina
First onset heavy angina
AcuteCoronarySyndrome
EKG:
ST Elevation (-)
ST Elevation (+)
Trop T (+)
UAP
NSTEMI/
Non-Q MI
STEMI/
Q MI
UAP: Unstable angina pectoris, Non-Q MI: Non-Q wave myocardial infarction
NSTEMI: Non ST-elevation myocardial infarction
STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Q MI: Q wave myocardial infarction
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
INFARCT : ST Elevasi
LOKASI ISKEMIA
BERDASARKAN PERUBAHAN DI SANDAPAN EKG
SANDAPAN
II ,III, aVF
V1,V2,V3
V1-V4
V1- V6
I,aVL ,V5,V6
I, V6
V7-V9
V4R
ST Elevasi
ST Depresi
T Inverted
Qs Patologis
Acute Anterior MI
Acute Inferoposterior MI
Acute Inferior MI +
RBBB
Acute Anterolateral
MI
Interpretasi EKG :
Curiga iskemi/infark inferior, harus
dilakukan pemeriksaan ventrikel
kanan dan posterior
Gejala klinis tidak khas pada pasien DM
Komplikasi infark inferior dan infark
ventrikel kanan :
Tatalaksana
Obat
Antiangina
Antiplatelet
Antikoagulan
Trombolitik
Setting
Out Hospital
Perhatikan CBA
Anamnesis dengan cepat
Transfer ke rumah sakit yang
memadai dengan segera
In Hospital
In Hospital
1.
Langkah Awal
1.
2.
3.
2.
Perhatikan CBA
Nilai keadaan umum, tempatkan
pasien sesuai dengan kondisinya
EKG dalam 10 menit
Langkah tatalaksana
1.
2.
3.
Pasang IV line
Pasang O2
Koordinasi dengan dokter untuk
pemberian antiangina, loading
antitrombotik
Call 9-1-1
Call fast
Onset of
symptoms of
STEMI
9-1-1
EMS
Dispatch
GOALS
5
min.
Patient
8
min.
EMS on-scene
Encourage 12-lead ECGs.
Consider prehospital
fibrinolytic if capable and
EMS-to-needle within 30
min.
InterHospital
Transfer
EMS
Triage
Plan
PCI
capable
EMS Transport
EMSPrehospital fibrinolysis
EMS-to-needle
within 30 min.
Dispatch
1 min.
EMS transport
EMS-to-balloon within 90 min.
Patient self-transport
Hospital door-to-balloon
within 90 min.
Antman EM, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008. Published ahead of print on December 10, 2007. Available at
http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/j.jacc.2007.10.001. Figure 1.
TERIMA KASIH