AdvancedArcWelding

Mr.Conrado
Agm210

Multi-Pass Welding
Used for 100% penetration on
metal inch thick or greater.
Joint preparation is required

Single bevel
V notch
U notch
J bevel

Joint preparation
Improves joint strength
Improves penetration
Require multiple welds per
joint

Multi-Pass Welds
Root Pass
Fuses the parts together
Seals off possible atmospheric
contamination
Must be thoroughly cleaned
before cover welds are applied

Filler or Cover welds

Often made with high strength
electrodes
Used to fill and cap the weld
groove

Root Pass
The first weld bead in a multipass weld
Fuses the two parts together
Establishes deep penetration
Can be open or closed

Root Pass
A closed weld is created using a backing strip and may become
part of the weld.

Root Pass
Gouge Cleaning
On plates with both sides
prepared the root pass can be
gouge cleaned.
After the root pass is applied a
grinder is used to clean the
underside of the weld.

Root Pass
Open root welds
The back of the open
root is highly
important and can
not be manipulated
after welding.
In contrast the top of
the root pass can be
gouged, ground, or
burned before a
cover pass is applied.

Hot Pass

Used to fix imperfections in a root pass.

Irregular shape
Undercut
Overlap
Slag inclusion

The hot pass uses higher than normal amperage and a fast travel speed.
Very little filler metal is deposited
Easily cleaned by chipping, brushing, or grinding

Filler Pass

After the root pass is completed and cleaned the remaining groove is filled with
weld metal.

Filler passes are made with stringer beads or weave beads.

Each filler pass must overlap the previous pass enough for the finished bead to
be smooth.

Filler Welds
Each weld bead must be cleaned before the next bead is applied.
Chipping, brushing, or grinding work best.

Cover Pass
The last bead on a multi-pass
weld.
Keeping uniform and neat are
important.
Must be free of

Undercut
Overlap
Porosity
Inclusions

Plate Preparation
Often to achieve
100% penetration a
weld groove is
necessary.
Single groove
Double groove
The type, depth,
angle, and location
is usually
determined by code.

Pre and Post Heating

Preheating
Application of heat
to base metal
before it is welded
Reduces cracking
Reduces distortion
Reduces stress
Used mostly on

Thick plate
Cold conditions
Complex shapes
High carbon
steels

Pre and Post Heating

Post Heating
The application of heat to the
base metal after welding.
Used to slow cooling rate and
reduce hardening.