7.

RESULTS

Experiment A:
Aqueous Layer

Propioni

Organic Layer X

c acid

Titrate of

added

M/10NaOH

(mL)

(mL)

70.70

44.40

48.50

19.25

13.00

7.40

Concentrati
on (M)

Titrate of
M/10NaOH

k=

Concentrati

y
x

on (M)

(mL)

Experiment C:

Flow rate of
aqueous phase

Titrate of M/10NaOH (mL)

Titrate of 0.025M NaOH (mL)

Avg
Feed

24

22

12.5

28

25

20

2.0

1.5

1.5

8.5

10

9.7

19.5
Avg
Raffinate

Extract
8.0

CALCULATIONS

1.0

2.0

0.5

2.0

0.5

2.0

=
0.67
Avg
=2

Avg =
24.33
Avg =
1.67
Avg =
9.4

 For experiment A
Calculation of concentration:
M1V1 = M2V2

To find distribution coefficient:

K = Y/X

M1 = concentration of NaOH

M2 = concentration of
propionic acid

Y : Concentration of solute in
extract phase (Upper)
X: Concentration of solute in
raffinate phase (Bottom)

V1 = volume of NaOH
V2 = volume of propionic acid

For 0.1M of NaOH

Volume
of
Propioni
c Acid,
mL

Aqueous (Y)

Organic (X)

Distribution
Coefficient,K

K=
5.0

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(70.7 10-3L)=(M2)
(5.0 10-3L)
M2= 1.414M

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(44.4 103
L)=(M2)(5.0 10-3L)
M2= 0.888 M

Y
X

1.414 M
0.888 M
= 1.592

3.0

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(48.5 10-3L)=(M2)
(3.0 10-3L)
M2= 1.617M

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(19.25 103
L)=(M2)(3.0 10-3L)
M2= 0.642 M

K=

Y
X

1.617 M
0.642 M
= 2.519

K=

1.0

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(13 10-3L)=(M2)
(1.0 10-3L)
M2= 1.3M

M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(7.4 10-3L)=(M2)
(1.0 10-3L)
M2= 0.74M

Y
X

1.30 M
0.74 M
= 1.757

For experiment C

Finding Mass Transfer Coefficient:

Formulae used;
1. M1V1 = M2V2
Where:
M1 = concentration of NaOH
M2
=
concentration
propionic acid

of

V1 = volume of NaOH
V2 = volume of propionic acid

2. Rate of acid transfer = Vw (Y1- 0)

Vw : Water Flow rate

5. Log mean driving force= (X 1X2) / ln (X1/X2)

X1: Driving force at the top
of the column = (X2-0)
X2: Driving force at the
bottom of the column = (X 1X1*)

6. Packing dimension:
Length = 1.2 m
Diameter = 50 mm

3.Vo (X1-X2) = Vw (Y1 -0)

Vo : Organic solvent flow rate

4. K = Y1/X*

Radius =

50 10
2

)=

0.025m

Therefore, packing volume,

V= r2L
=

(0.025 m)2 (1.2 m)

= 2.356 10-3 m3

For 0.1M of NaOH

Feed:
M1V1= M2V2
(0.1M)(19.5 mL) = M2 (10 mL)
M2 =0.195M of propionic acid

(the X1)

Raffinate:
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(0.67 mL)= M2 (10 mL)
M2=0.0067M of propionic acid

(the X2)

Extract:
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(2.0 mL)= M2 (10 mL)
M2=0.02M of propionic acid

(the Y1)

The flow rate of aqueous and organic phase = 0.0033 L/s

Mass Balance:

Propionic Acid extracted from the organic phase (raffinate)

= V0 (X1 X2)
= 0.0033 (0.195 0.0067)

= 0.00062139 kg/s
Propionic Acid extracted from the aqueous phase (extract)
= Vw (Y1 Y2 )

since Y2 = 0.0

= 0.0033 (0.02 0)
= 0.000066 kg/s

To calculate the X1*, the average distribution coefficient from experiment A

K=

1.592+2.519+1.757
3

K=

X* =

Y1
X

; X* =

0.0 2
1.956

= 1.956

Y1
K

= 0.0102 M

(X 1X 2)
ln( X 1 /X 2)

Log mean driving force =

(0.1950.0 067)
0.195
ln(
)
0.0067

= 0.0559
Mass transfer coefficient =

Rate of acid transfer

Volume of packing Mean driving force
1.956
2.356 103 0.0559

= 14851
= 14.851

For 0.025M of NaOH

Feed:
M1V1= M2V2
(0.1M)(24.33 mL) = M2 (10 mL)
M2 =0.2433M of propionic acid

(the X1)

Raffinate:
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(1.67 mL)= M2 (10 mL)
M2=0.0167M of propionic acid

(the X2)

Extract:
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.1M)(9.4 mL)= M2 (10 mL)
M2=0.94M of propionic acid

(the Y1)

The flow rate of aqueous and organic phase = 0.0033 L/s

Mass Balance:

Propionic Acid extracted from the organic phase (raffinate)

= V0 (X1 X2)

= 0.0033 (0.2433 0.0167)

= 0.00074778 kg/s

Propionic Acid extracted from the aqueous phase (extract)

= Vw (Y1 Y2 )

since Y2 = 0.0

= 0.0033 (0.94 0)
= 0.003102 kg/s

To calculate the X1*, the average distribution coefficient from experiment A

K=

1.592+2.519+1.757
3

K=

X* =

Y1
X

; X* =

0.94
1.956

= 1.956

Y1
K

= 0.4806 M

Log mean driving force =

(X 1X 2)
ln( X 1 /X 2)

(0.24330.0167)
0.2433
ln(
)
0.0167

= 0.0846
Mass transfer coefficient =

Rate of acid transfer

Volume of packing Mean driving force

1.956
2.356 103 0.0846

= 9813
= 9.813