CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LOS ANGELES

Department of Chemistry
Chemistry 103 / Section 03- 94356

Prepare and standardize a 0.1 M NaOH

solutions

Prepared by: Rodney Pujada

Performance Date: Tuesday, September 29, 2015

Submission Due: Tuesday, October 6, 2015
Professor: Dr. Xin Wen
Tuesday and Thursday: 1 pm. 3:50 p.m.

September 2015

Experiment No 1: Prepare and standardize a 0.1 M

NaOH solutions
I.

II.

PURPOSE
Performing this lab successfully will allow us to learn an important lab technique
called titration.
Titration is the technique to find the concentration of unknown solution by the
formula Ma x Va = Mb x Vb to determine the exact concentration of sodium
hydroxide solution.
PRINCIPLES
Titration is a laboratory technique that can be used to determine the
concentration of certain solutions by chemical reaction. A standard solution of
known concentration is titrated against (reacted with) a solution of unknown
concentration. An indicator can signal the completion of the reaction (by color
change) and the concentration of the unknown solution can be determined.
Any chemicals that react in solution can be titrated with each other. Since acids
and bases are usually found in solution, they are commonly involved in
titrations. Titrations involving a strong acid or a strong base involve the
neutralization reaction between hydrogen ions (or hydronium) and hydroxide
ions.
These
ions
combine
to
form
the
neutral
water molecule:
H+ + OH- --->
H2O
or
H3O + + OH- ---> 2 H2O
An indicator is any substance in solution that changes its color as it
reacts with either an acid or a base. Selecting the proper indicator is important
because each indicator changes its color over a particular range of pH values.

This experiment use titrimetric analysis to determine the concentration of

unknown sample. It involves preparation of a solution that has the approximate
concentration desired (NaOH), determination of the concentration by direct
titration against a primary standard, and a test of the accuracy of your
determined concentration by comparison with a known standard.
After the NaOH standarzided, we can calculate the concentration of the
sample by the principle of relation of moles that react with the unknown acid,
and calculate its molarity, using:
Moles solute before dilution = moles solute after
dilution

. Formula No1
III.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

3.1 Material
20-mL graduated cylinder,50 mL Buret, three 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, buret
clamp, wash bottle, 1L plastic bottle, funnel, 50 mL and 500 mL beaker,
phenolphthalein NaOH (known concentration), distilled water, 3M NaOH
concentrated, and sulfanic acid standard solution (known concentration).

3.2

Procedure

3.2.1 Preparation of 1 M Sodium Hydroxide Solution

solution.
a. Measure 16.7 mL of 3M NaOH with 20mL graduated
cylinder.
b. Add small amount of water and pour it into a
volumetric flask of 250 mL.
c. Fill the volumetric flask until the mark of 250 mL.
d. Pour this volume into a 1 liter plastic bottle.
e. Fill the volumetric flask with distilled water to get 500 mL into the
plastic bottle.
3.2.2 Calculate the Molarity of Sodium Hydroxide Solution by
titration
a) Clean and rinse the buret with distilled water.
b) Precondition the buret by rinsing it with the NaOH solution two or
three times, and fill the buret with a funnel.
c) Fill the buret with NaOH to exact measurement.
d) Remove all gas bubbles in the liquid column of the buret and attach
a buret clamp.
e) Read the initial volume of NaOH by recording the position of mark
that line up with the meniscus of the liquid column.
f) Prepare three Erlenmeyers.
g) Take 25 mL of sulfamic acid standard with
known concentration into three erlemeyers.
h) Add four drops of indicator (phenolphthalein)
into the Erlenmeyer flask of sulfamic acid
standard.
i) Place the Erlenmeyer flask under the buret;
open the stopcock slowly to add the NaOH
solution. The end-point is near when the
solution changes the color pink. At this point,
open the stopcock slowly, adding drop by drop.
j) Record the final volume Vf NaOH when the
solution turn to pink.
IV Data and Calculation

Titration Data

Run 1

Run 2

Run 3

Molaridad of sulfamic acid

standard (M)
Initial buret reading Vi NaOH
(mL)
Final buret reading Vf
NaOH(mL)

0.104
+0.47%

0.104
+0.47%

0.104
+0.47%

0.0

0.0

0.0

28.6

28.0

28.6

Volume of NaOH used (mL)

28.6

28.0

28.6

4.1

Calculate the amount of 0.1 M NaOH by dilution of 3M NaOH

Calculate the amount of 0.1 M NaOH by dilute 3 M of NaOH, using

following the formula..

the

. Formula No1

Data:
M1 = 3 M of NaOH known.
V1 = ??
M2 = 0.1 M of NaOH that we expected.
V2 = 500 mL of NaOH that we expected.
Using the formula No1 to calculate V1 =?
Evalute V1:
V1 = ( M2* V2) / M1
Replace the data
V1 = ( 0.1 M *500 mL) / (3M)
V1 = volume of NaOH diluted=
16.7 mL
4.2

Standardization of the 0.1M NaOH solution.

. Formula No1

DATA for Run 1

M1 = 0.104 M of sulfamic acid standard
V1 = 25 mL of sulfamic acid standard
M2 = ??? of NaOH that we expected in the plastic bottle.
V2 = 500 mL of NaOH that we expected in the plastic bottle.
Using the formula No 1 to evaluate M1 =?
M2 = ( M1* V1) / V2
Replace the data
M2 = ( 0.104 M * 25mL) / (28.6)
M2 = 0.091 M of NaOH in the plastic
bottle

Titration Data

Run 1

Run 2

Run 3

Molaridad of sulfamic acid

standard (M)
Initial buret reading Vi NaOH
(mL)
Final buret reading Vf
NaOH(mL)

0.104
+0.47%

0.104
+0.47%

0.104
+0.47%

0.0

0.0

0.0

28.6

28.0

28.6

Volume of NaOH used (mL)

28.6

28.0

28.6

Molarity NaOH bottle (M)

0.091

0.093

0.091

4.3

Calculate the percent error %

Percent error = ( Vpractical Vtheoric) x 100 %
. Formula No 2
V theoric

Data:
Molarity NaOH (approx)
= V prac = 0.1 M
Molarity NaOH (standard)
= V teoric = 0.087 M
Using the formula No 2 to evaluate percent of error.

Percent error = (0.091 - 0.1) x 100 % = -9 %

0.1
Percent error =
-9 %
V Results and Discussion

Titration Data of 0.1 M

Run 1

Run 2

Run 3

Molarity NaOH bottle (M)

0.091

0.093

0.091

NaOH

Molarity NaOH bottle Average (M)

0.092

In this lab we calculate the concentration of our NaOH diluted solution is

0.092 M .
By definition one equivalent (or equivalent weight) of a substance is the
amount of that substance which supplies or consumes one mol of
reactive species. In acid-base chemistry the reactive species is the
hydrogen ion (H1+) while in oxidation-reduction chemistry the reactive
species is the electron.
We recommended follow the correct procedure
and use Erlenmeyer flask for the titration that
are appropriate material. Also, we must follow
the correct technique of titration because these
factor alter the end point of the titration.
Using the titration technique correctly is
important. A right handed person should titrate
with the left hand, swirling the flask with the
right hand and agitate strongly to avoid to past
the end point of the titration as occurring in our
run1 and run3.

VI Conclusions

We conclude that the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.092 M.

Our percent of error is consequence to measuring 16.7 mL of 3M NaOH
with 20mL graduated cylinder instead to use a volumetric pipet or buret
with 3M NaOH solution.
If we believe that run #2 should be omitted because we know that we
accidentally overshot the equivalence point and our titration flask was
little bright pink; we can report 0.093 M NaOH with less percent of error.

VII References
D.C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis (7th ed., W. H. Freeman, NY,
2007) pp. 121-124, 221218,
Skoog, D. A.; West, D. M. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry; Holt,
Rinehart and Winston: New York, 1963; pp 341-351.
Sweeder, R. D.; Jeffery, K. A.; A comprehensive general chemistry
demonstration. J. Chem. Ed., 2013, 90, 96-98. doi:10.1021/ed300367y