APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT

CHARACTERISTICS/CONTRIBUTIONS LIMITATIONS ILLUSTRATION

SYSTEMS APPROACH

Systems concepts have broad applicability. Analyses of the

Systems have boundaries, but they also interrelatedness of
interact with the external environment; i.e., systems and
organizations are open systems. subsystems as well
Recognizes importance of studying as the interactions
interrelatedness of planning, organizing, of organizations
and controlling in an organization as well with their external
as the many subsystems. environment. Can
hardly be
considered a new
approach to
management.

Source: Heinz Weihrich, Harold Koontz, Management: A Global Perspective, 10th ed.
(Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1993), p. 47.