:

13/13
1

16

24 1.5 [mm], l = 2.1

[m]. . :
t f =16 [ C ]

[ ]

m
: =1.5 s

t w =65 [ C ]

) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) .

:
d=D2 =242 1.5=21 [ mm ] =0.021 [ m ]
:
d l .
j je
.

t 1 =10 [ C ] , 1=1.306 10

t 2 =20 [ C ] 2=1.006 10

( t )= (16 )= 2 +

[ ]
m
s

[ ]
2

m
s

[ ]

2
t 2t
2016 (
m
( 1 2 )=1.006 106 +
1.306 1061.006 106 ) =1. 126 106
t 2 t 1
2010
s

, ,
.
:
=

d 1.5 0.021
=
=27 975>2320
6

1. 126 10
3


,
, , :
Nu=0.021 f 0.8 Pr f 0.43

Pr f
Pr w

0.25

( )

:
10 000

l
d

5 000 000 ;

0.6

Pr f

2 500

= 160 > 50 Re > 2 320 :

=1

():
Nu =

tf

t f =38 [ C ]

:
tf=

t f +t f 54
= =27 [ C ]
2
2

 , 27 [C],
:
=8.653 10

[ ]
m
s

, :
=

d 1.5 0.021
=
=36403. 6>2320

0.805 107

:
Pr, 27[C]
Pr=5.9

:
, 65[C]
Pr w =2.765
:

:
Nu=0.021 f 0.8 Pr f 0.43

0.25

Pr f
Pr w

( )

Nu=0.021 36403. 60.8 5.9 0.43

5.9
2.765

0.25

1=242.6

t bl =

t f +t w 27+65
=
=46 [ C ]
2
2

:
.
,
46[C]

=64.28 102

[ ]
W
m K

:
,

[ ]

64. 28 102
W
= Nu=
242.6=7 425.8705 2
d
0.021
m K

t ln =

t f t f
3816
22
22
=
=
=
=36.914 [ K ]
t w t f
6516
49 0.59598
ln
ln
ln
6538
27
t w t f

q= t ln=7425.8705 36.914=27 4118.5836

[ ]
W
2
m

:
6


( : d l) :

Q=q d l=274118.5836 3.14 0.021 2.1=37 958.29675 [ W ]

:
, 27[C]
=996.45

[ ]
kg
3
m

( ) ,
27[C]

c=4 176 .7

J
kg K

tf

d2
c ( t f t f )=Q
4

3.14 0.021
1.5 996.45 4 176 . 7 ( t f 16 ) =37958.29675
4
t f =33.563 8 [ C ] 38 [ C ]

t f =33. 5638 [ C ]

:
tf=

t f +t f 49. 5638
=
=24. 7819 [ C ]
2
2

:
, 24.7819
:
=9. 09884 10

[C],

[ ]
m
s

, :
=

d
1.5 0.021
=
=3 4 619.8> 2320

9.09884 107

:
Pr, 24.7819 [C]
Pr=6.3 6969
:
8

 , 65[C]
Pr w =2.765
:

:
0.8

Nu=0.021 f Pr f

0.43

Pr f

Pr w

0.25

( )

Nu=0.021 34592.7 0.8 6.376160.43

6.37616
2.765

0.25

1=24 5.5 02

t bl =

t f + t w 24.7819+65
=
=44.8 91 [ C ]
2
2

:
.
,
44.891 [C]

=64.1 358 102

[ ]
W
m K

:
,

[ ]

64. 1358 102

W
= Nu=
245.502=7 497.8415 2
d
0.021
m K

:
9

t ln =

t f t f
33.563816
17 .5638
17.5638
=
=
=
=39.570585 [ K ]
t w t f
6516
ln 1.55 871 0. 44 386
ln
ln
6533. 5638
t w t f

q= t ln=7 497.8415 39.570585=2 96693.9744

[ ]
W
2
m

( : d l) :

Q=q d l=296693.9744 3.14 0.021 2.1=41 084.4014 [ W ]

:
, 24.7819 [C]
=997.0 05

[ ]
kg
3
m

( ) ,
24.7819 [C]
10

c=4 17 8.7

J
kg K

tf

d2
c ( t f t f )=Q
4

3.14 0.0212
1.5 997.0 05 4 17 8.7 ( t f 16 )=41084.4014
4
t f =34.990610 [ C ] 33.5638 [ C ]

t f =34.990610 [ C ]

:
tf=

t f +t f 5 0.99061
=
=25. 4953 [ C ]
2
2

:
11

 , 25.4953
:
=8.95 544 107

[C],

[ ]
m2
s

, :
=

d
1.5 0.021
=
=35174 >2320

8.95544 107

:
Pr, 25.4953

[C]

Pr=6.2398 6

:
, 65[C]
Pr w =2.765
:

:
0.8

Nu=0.021 f Pr f

0.43

0.8

Pr f

Pr w

0.25

( )

Nu=0.021 35174.2 6.23986

0.43

6.2398 6

2.765

0.25

1=245.182

:
12

t bl =

t f + t w 25.4953+65
=
=4 5.2 4765 [ C ]
2
2

:
.
,
45.24765 [C]

=64.1822 102

[ ]
W
m K

:
,

[ ]

64.1 822 102

W
= Nu=
245.182=7 493.48579 2
d
0.021
m K

t ln =

t f t f
34.99061016
18.99061 18.99061
=
=
=
=38.7318 [ K ]
t w t f
6516
ln 1.63282 0.4 9031
ln
ln
6534.990610
t w t f

q= t ln =7 493.48579 38.7318=29 0236.1929

[ ]
W
2
m

13

( : d l) :

Q=q d l=290236.1929 3.14 0.021 2.1=40190.16658 [ W ]

:
, 25.4953 [C]
=996.826

[ ]
kg
m3

( ) ,
25.4953 [C]

c=4 17 8. 05

J
kg K

tf

d2
c ( t f t f )=Q
4

3.14 0.0212
1.5 996.826 4 17 8.05 ( t f 16 )=40190.16658
4
t f =34.58349 [ C ] 34.990610 [ C ]
14

 0.5 [C]
.

t f `` :

tf=

34.58349+34.990610
=34.78705 [ C ]
2

t f =34.78705 [ C ]

:
tf=

t f +t f 50.78705
=
=25.394 [ C ]
2
2

, 25.394
:
7

=8. 97581 10

[C],

[ ]
2

m
s

, :
=

d
1.5 0.021
=
=35 094.3>2320

8. 97581 107

Pr, 25.394 [C]

15

Pr=6.2 5829

, 65[C]
Pr w =2.765

:
0.8

Nu=0.021 f Pr f

0.43

Pr f

Pr w

0.25

( )

0.8

Nu=0.021 35094.3 6.25829

0.43

6.25829

2.765

0.25

1=245. 231

t bl =

t f + t w 25.394+65
=
=45. 197 [ C ]
2
2

.
,
45.197 [C]

=64.1756 102

[ ]
W
mK

[ ]

64.1756 10
W
= Nu=
245. 231=7 494.212649 2
d
0.021
m K

)

q= t ln
16

t ln =

t f t f
34.7870516
18.78705 18.78705
=
=
=
=38. 8523 [ ]
t w t f
6516
ln 1.6 2182 0. 48355
ln
ln
6534.78705
t w t f

q= t ln=7 494.212649 38.8523=29 1167.398

[ ]
W
2
m

)

Q=q d l=291167.398 3.14 0.021 2.1=40 319.11428 [ W ]
)

p=

l 2

d
2

= ith =

1
1
1
1
=
=
=
=0.022
2
2
2
( 1.82 log f 1.64 ) (1.82 log 35094.31.64 ) 6.632330583398001 43.98780896747646

25.394 [ ]

pith = ith

=996.8515

[ ]
kg
m3

2.1 996.8515 1.52

=0.02273357 2 100 1121.458=2549.475 [ Pa ]

0.021
2

n
w
1
=

n=0.14
2
( 1.82 log f 1.64 ) f

( )

17

25.394 [ ]

f =0.0008947715=8.947715 104 [ Pa s ]
65 [ ]

w =0.000438=4.38 104 [ Pa s ]
n

1
=
w =0.02273357 2 w
2
f
( 1.82 log f 1.64 ) f

( )

=0.02273357 2

4.38 104
4
8.947715 10

( )

0.14

=0.02273357 2 0.90482934192 3=0.02057

2

p=

l
2.1 996.8515 1.5

=0.02057

d
2
0.021
2

p=0.02057 100 1121.458=2306.8 4 [ Pa ]

:
p pith
2306.8 42549.475
100=
100=10.52 [ ]
p
2306.8 4

18