Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Finnish
SUOMEA KESKUSTELLEN
INTRODUCTION
Conversational Finnish is the work of the FSI School of Language Studies Finnish teaching
staff, under the direction of H. David Argoff.
The work of the many staff members was coordinated by Aili Rytknen-Bell, who also compiled
the major part of the text material, including the structural notes.
The staff
contributed to the text material and provided welcome criticism at various stages of the
wri ting process.
Special contributions were made in the following areas:
Kaija Juusela did sorne of the
illustrations and
compiled most of
the
practice in pronunciation drills.
Seija
Level-Johnson edited the glossary and provided valuable advice on the classification of
derivations.
Lea Christiansen edited the structural notes.
Heini Parko typed the text
onto the word-processing system. Pirjo Gezari helped with the Ulustrations and sang the
national anthem on the tape. Marjukka Scheinin wrote the area studies readings. And last
but not least, Kaija Wilson did the English translations and typed and corrected the earlier
drafts. We also wish to thank the several generations of Finnish students for bearing with us
during the development and field testing of this text and for giving us their much-appreciated
suggestions and advice.
Tapes were voiced by Aili Rytknen-Bel!, Lea Christiansen, Harry von Fieandt, Juha-Pekka
Rentto, and Kaija Wilson.
The tapes were produced with the technical assistance of Mark
Macklow of the FSI Language Laboratory, under the direction of Jose Ramirez.
Anne Meagher, from the FSI Audio-Visual Facility, provided some of the illustrationsand
designed the cover. The manuscript was edited by Hedy A. st. Denis. Arrangements for final
publication were made by Ronald A. C. Goodison.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
To the student
How to USe the text
Notes on pronunciation
Vowe1s
Diphthongs
Consonants
G10tta1 stop
A1phabet
Vowe1 harmony
stress
Intonation
sy11ab1e division
Consonant gradation
Persona1 forms of some verbs
with regu1ar consonant gradation
PHASE 1
Getting to know you
Page
xi
xii
J
K
P 1-16
L
M
p-1
P-2
p-3
p-5
P-6
p-7
P-8
P-8
P-9
P-9
P-16
UNITS I-IV
UNIT 1 1-35
-----------------------------------------------
Hearing it 1
Hearing it II
comprehension exercises
Function practices
Reading
structura1 notes
A Personai pronouns
B Present tense affirmative
C Case endings
D persona1 pronouns in allative
E How to express "to have"
F Possessive pronouns
G Possessive suffixes
H Present tense negative
10
21
23
24
25
25
26
27
28
29
30
30
32
32
33
34
34
35
35
UNIT II 1-50
Hearing it 1
Hearing it II
Hearing it 111
Comprehension exercises
Function practices
Reading
structural notes
A Demonstrative pronouns in the singular
B
Interrogative pronouns in the singular
C How to express the definite "the,"
and indefinite "a,an," "there is,"
"there is not"
D Nominative singular
basic form
E
Nominative plural
F
Genitive (possessive) singular
-n - "of, 's"
G Cases indicating 10cation
H Inessive -ssa/-ss - "in
1
Elative -sta/-st - "out of, from"
J
Illative -(h)Vn - "into
K
Adessive -11a/-11 - "on"
L
Ablative -lta/-lt - "from on"
M
Allative -lIe - "onto"
N Some common, extended and sometimes
unpredictable uses of locatives
o which case to use and when
P
stern with the possessive suffix
3
9
15
22
25
26
27
27
27
28
29
30
30
32
33
34
35
36
36
37
37
39
42
R
S
Adverbs of place
Numerals
Imperative of second person p1ural
and poli te form
44
47
B
C
50
D
E
F
Hearing i t I
3
9
Hearing it II
Comprehension exercises
16
Function practiees
17
19
Reading
structural notes
20
A Partitive singular -a/-, -ta/-t some, part of20
predicate noun and adjective
B
in the singular - after 'on'
22
predieate noun and adjective
C
in the singular - after 'ei ole'
23
Accusative
24
D
Direct
objeet
25
E
'Hik' and singular demonstrative
F
pronouns
27
First infinitive (basic form) of verbs 29
G
How to find the stern of a verb in order
fl
to conjugate i t
31
Adjecti ves with nouns
34
I
Nominals ending in -i
35
J
Nominals ending in -si
36
K
Nominals ending in _el
37
L
Small talk
Hearing i t I
Hearing i t II
Comprehension exercises
Function practices
Reading
structural notes
A Nominals ending in -nen
vi
UNIT IV 1-32
3
9
15
18
19
20
20
G
H
I
J
PHASE II
UNITS V-XIV
Scenes 1-4
UNIT V 1-36
Scenes 5-6
In the bus
At the market
At the gas station
At the post office
Comprehension exercises
Funct10n practices
Reading
Structural notes
A plural forms of demonstrative
pronouns - 'tm, tuo, se' -this, that, it-
32
32
C
D
35
E
F
G
H
UNIT VI 1-32
32
3
5
7
17
18
19
20
20
22
25
26
26
28
31
32
11
lB
19
20
21
21
scenes 13-16
21
22
25
26
27
28
29
29
At the bank
sending a telegram
on a trip to the countryside
In the sauna
Comprehension exercises
Function practices
Reading
structura1 notes
A Past active conditional -would have8
Tenses and conditional forms of
'tytyy/pit/tulee' - wmust,
have to, would have to W
C
comparative of adjectives
D
'Yht kuin' - was as w
E Comparative of adverbs
F
Some idioms
Scenes 17-19
3
5
7
9
18
20
22
23
23
24
25
27
28
28
UNIT IX 1-32
Renting an apartment
Evening out, date
At the travel agency
Comprehension exercises
7
9
16
vii
Function practices
Reading
structural notes
A
present passive perfect tense
B
past passive perfect tense
C
Superlative of adjectives
D
Super1ative of adverbs
E
prepositions
F
Postpositions
G Adjectives ending in -ton/-tn,
-rnaton/-mtn - --less, un-/in-Scenes 20-22
Physical fitness
Medicine
Kinship
Cornprehension exercises
Function practices
Reading
structural notes
A
Fourth infinitive
B Present passive conditional -would be doneC
HOW to forrn the passive stern
D
past passive conditional -would have been doneE
Re1ative pronoun 'joka' -who/that/whichWeather
Weather in summer
weather in winter
Cornprehension exercises
Reading
Function practices
structura1 notes
A Ordina1 numbers
B Participles as adjectives
viii
UNIT
19
20
23
23
23
24
26
27
28
Geography
25
26
27
UNIT XII 1-22
22
22
Geography
City picture
Cornprehension exercises
Reading
Function practices
structural notes
A
-Ernbedded sentences- 'lauseenvastikkeet '
B
'Agenttipartisiippi' - ernbedded
sentence
C
present passive participle
D
'Ett ' -clause as an object in the
active voice - ernbedded sentence
E
'Ett'-clause' as a subject embedded sentence
Instructive -(i)n
-by, with- etc.
F
23
24
Ho1idays
Church
cornprehension exercises
Reading
Function practices
structura1 notes
A First.infinitive -kse- (longer form)
- -in order toB
second infinitive inessive
-e-ssa/-ss
C
second infinitive instructive
-e-n - -by doing sornething-
31
1-24
3
5
15
17
19
20
20
UNIT XI 1-28
3
7
16
21
22
23
23
25
9
12
15
16
17
17
17
19
20
21
22
D
E
Finnish society
21
23
Education
Government
Law and justice
social security
National anthem
Reading
Comprehension exercises
Function practices
structural notes
A present active potential
B
Present passive potential
C
Past active potential
D Past passive potential
E
Review of passive tenses
F
Comitative -ne - -withG
Imperative - first person plural -let'sIrnperative - third person singu1ar H
-let him/her do X, may he/she do X1
Imperative - third person plural -let them do X, may they do XJ
Imperative passive - -let X be done,
may X be done-
3
5
7
9
13
20
21
24
25
25
26
27
27
28
29
30
30
31
31
APPENDICES
I-VII
Appendix I
1-16
_________________________________ L
Appendix II
1-10
II-1
II-2
II-4
II-7
II-8
---------------------------~--------------------
Appendix 1II
1-4
111-1
III-2
111-3
111-4
1-4
IV-1
lV-2
1-4
V-l
1-32
Appendix VI
Texts for the taped cornprehension
exercises
Appendix VII
VI-l
1-4
1-1
1-3
1-8
VII-1
GLOSSARY
1-10
1-13
1-15
To the student
Word list
9 i-vii
G 1-158
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following publishers and authors have generously given permission to reprint illustrations:
from Lukion idinkieli 1, WSOY, pp. IV-14, V-8, VI-12, VII-4; from APU pp. IV-8, V-18,
VII-17 (adapted) by Olavi Hurmerinta; pp. 1-29, IV-19, VII-8, VII-15, X-8 by Hannu Marttinen;
from Helsingin Sanomat, pp. IV-15, IV-16, App. VI-9 ~ 1980 by Kari; pp. 11-19, 11-20
(adapted) by Tarmo Koivisto; pp. VIII-22, X-IO ~ 1980 by Camille Mickwitz; Let's Have a Sauna,
Sauna-Seura, Inc. pp. VIII-II, VIII-12 ~ by Henrik Tikkanen; from Valitut Palat the text on
p. XI-21 ~ 1978.
The sources of the following illustrations are: Elv kielt 1, 2, Kirjayhtym, pp. 1-18,
1-25, 11-23, 11-25, V-31, VIII-21, VIII-25 by Anssi Asunta; p. XIII-12 by Eeva Mehto;
p. VIII-IO (adapted) in Ilta-Sanomat; pp. VIII-15, VIII-16 (adapted) in Tieliikennekirja;
pp. 11-12, IV-19 in Finnish Basic Course, Monterey, CA, Army Language School, 1956 & 1957.
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TO THE STUDENT
AS you move through this textbook, you will find it is built around principles which
emphasize the development of basic communicative skills. The speech samples in this text
reflect the language as it is spoken in practical, everyday social situations. The objective
of each section is to introduce and to expand your ability to use the principal features of
the Finnish language to satisfy your social and professional needs in the host country. The
structure is introduced in large chunks for overview, and smaller pieces are practiced
cyclically to give you flexible control of the structure with review and reinforcement built
in.
The aim and purpose of your textbook, Conversational Finnish, is to serve as a basic course.
with this book you are expected to develop the skills needed for fluent workable proficiency
in Finnish. This translates to aleveI of 2 to 2+ on the Interagency Language
Roundtable (ILR) scale and -advanced- proficiency on the ACTFL scale~ This book is designed
for the first six months of an intensive ten-month course in US government language schools.
This book is also suitable for self-study. To facilitate its use for independent study,
English translations, tapes, and answer keys are provided for practically alI the Finnish
text. The textbook is accompanied by tapes, a dictionary, and a workbook (with tapes).
Conversational Finnish is organized into 14 topical units with structural notes in the end of
each unit. The first four units should be studied in sequence as a block but after Unit V
they can be studied individually in any sequence.
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xii
Word block
To provide extra vocabulary for substitutions, you can utilize the word block at the beginning of
each unit. Each word in the block ia followed by a number, which indicates the inflectional type
of nouna (CNO) and the conjugational type of verbs (CTV) (see Appendix 111).
uae the tables in Appendix 111 t~ learn to use the words in their various forms. It is important
to know which type of word you are using to get the inflected forms correct in speech.
Pronunciation
Notes on pronunciation with some exercises are at the beginning of the text, but more amplified
exercises are in the workbook. The pronunciation exercises should be done for the first time in
the classroom with the instructor soon after the first dialogs have been introduced. Afterwards
they can be worked on independently in the lab or at home. During the first two weeks, special
attention should be paid to pronunciation, stress, rhythm, and intonation. After that, particular
points of pronunciation can be taken up individually.
Comprehension exercises
You will find additional listening material in each unit which includes real life information
(telephone services, weather reports, travel advisory reports, etc.) and overheard conversations
in different situations with accompanying tasks for students. You are expected to utilize both
your knowledge of Finnish and any other -real world- knowledge to get the gist of what the
situation is and what is being said. some exercises involve recalling and explaining in your own
words what the overheard conversation was about.
5tructural notes
structural notes are presented at the end of each unit. They are meant to be studied within that
unit together with the corresponding exerciaes in the workbook. The structural points are
inevitably introduced in a somewhat arbitrary order because the texts represent language in its
fullest from the very baginning. cross-references are provided, however, BO that atructural
points can be explained in any 'order depending on individual needa and desirea.
They are marked with unit numbers I-XIV and letters A-Z for the order that they appear in each
unit.
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Exercises
Each unit of text has a corresponding unit in the workbook. Therefore, there are no
cross-references. you will find the exercises for a structuralpoint explained in a certain unit
of text in the unit of same number in the workbook. We recommend that you do the exercises
outside the classroom or at home. Also, special exercises have been devised for practicing
consonant gradation (see the workbook).
Glossary
The glossary includes alI the words in the texts except those introduced in the comprehension
exercises. The words are listed in their inflected forms as they occur in the text. In addition
to providing help with the vocabulary, this type of giossary familiarizes you with the structure
of Finnish and helps you to find the dictionary forms of words, which are not always easily
determined from the inflected form.
Graded area-related reading
Graded reading with its own glossary is found in the Workbook. There are many ways of working
with this material, including skimming, scanning, translating, summarizing, grammar and vocabulary
building, etc. Your teacher will be your best guide to exploiting the readings to your own best
advantage.
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NOTES ON PRONUNCIATION
!Io-ao l
in Finnish may be either short or long. The long sound has the same general quality as the
it is only prolonged 2 to 3 times the length of the short ones. It is very important to
clearly between long and short sounds because the difference affects the meaning of the
will see in the following examples. In writing, the long sounds are indicated by writing
twice. Listen to the tape and follow the text~
VOWELS
Short sound
Long sound
GJ
like
in
kit
sika
pig
siika
whitefish
like
in
met
ero
difference
Bero
a man's name
like
in
hat
ht
need, distress
ht
-ta evict, turn out
like i in kit
but with rounded lips
(like French u, German ii)
r,lPp1.
wrinkle
ruppy
drink
like e in met
but with rounded lips
(like French eu, German )
keitti
kitchen
keittin
into the kitchen
like
uni
sleep, dream
uuni
oven
like
a in
sano
say
sanoo
he/she says
GJ
like
like
u
a
sata
hundred
sataa
it rains
0
0
0
in
in
in
p.!!.t
wash
n.!;!t (when short)
father (when long)
p-l
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Diphthongs
Each vowel in a diphthong is pronounced as if they were both single vowels.
Diphthongs ending in
-i
B
0
nainen
woman
uida
to swim
piv
day
neiti
Miss
ml!.
he sold
si
he ate
poika
boy
Diphthongs ending in
El
B
-u
G
B
hauska
niee
seutu
region
Diphthongs ending in
hiukan
a litt1e
rouva
Mrs.
-y
k!x.tt
to use
121t
mies
man
Suomi
Finland
to find
Others
Note:
I.
night
JO words Iike 'kauhea the final -e-a is not a diphthong but a vowel eombination
caused by the historieal disappearance of a consonant.
P-2
CONSONANTS
Unaspirated consonants
0
~
like
like
like
1n
1n
1n
Short sound
Long sound
Compare
ta.E. aa
he meets
a.EE.eal
to
tappaa
he kills
slo.e, ,eail
Compare
mato
worrn
detail
to
matto
carpet
rat tail
Compare
kuka
who
blacking
aS,Eect
mus!y
dus~y
kukka
flower
to
blac~ ~ing
1n order to learn to pronounce the unaspirated consonants p, t, k say aloud the English words
below with and without s-. The sound of p, t, k imrnediately after s- in English is the
unaspirated Finnish sound. Ready? Begin:
spin
spit
spUl
(s)pin
(s)pit
(s)pill
pino
pito
pilli
in
like
like
m in
like
in
tikki
tokko
temppu
skit
ski
skUl
(s)kit
(s)ki
(s)kUl
Long sound
bad
dollari
dollar
no long sound
Tanuny
kumi
rubber
systematic
kummi
godparent
Cornpare
(s)tick
(s)tock
(s)tem
Short sound
Other consonants
0
GJ
stick
stock
stern
banana
Compare
kana
hen
men
to
syste~ ~ap
to
kanna
carry
men nodded
kitti
kiinni
kilU
p-3
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like
in
fala
Compare
Short sound
Long sound
ala
area
hilly
to
alla
under
hill-like
to
herra
Mr., gentleman
brr
hera
whey
b,E.idge
like
kisat
games
in
fussy
Compare
publi~ity
kissat
cats
to
thi~ ~ity
like
1n
home
.hopea
silver
no long sound
like
in
oven
ovi
door
no long sound
like
in
~es
jos
no long sound
if
There are two consonant sounds which do not have a aymbol of their own 1n writing:
El
as
1n
banker
as
in
si~ing
no long sound
Helsinki
kenkahoe
no short aound
Helsi.!!.2iss
ke.!!2,as
-k-.
The long
~ound
1s written
P-4
Borrowed consonants
The following consonants may occur in words borrowed reeently into Finnish from other languages:
b
f
9
sh
like
like
like
like
in banana
in film
in .9.0lf
in shoek
b
b
9
w
x
like
like
like
like
like
q,
w,
x,
banaani
filmi
j,ramma
shakki
and
s/k
k
v
ka
ta
Consonant elusters
Eaeh consonant in a consonant eluster is pronouneed in the same way as it would be in isolation.
GLOTTAL STOP
In the speeeh of most Finnish speakers there is a so-ealled glottal stop, e.g., the sudden c105ing and
release of the voeal ehords. The glottal stop, whieh has no symbol in writing, occurs before initial
vowels and in eertain words after the final vowel, especially -e. When a consonant f0110ws, the
glottal stop sounds like doubling of the consonant.
Writing
en ole iloinen
en ole' iloinen
tervetuloa
tervettuloa
welcome
ole hyv
ole'!!!!'yv
p1ease
sinnekkuuluu hyv
P-5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------aa
jii
tee
(b
bee)
koo
uu
(c
see)
l/e1; ll/ell
vee
dee
m/em; mm/emm
(w
kaksinkertainen vee/kaksois-vee)
ee
n/en; nn/enn
(x
ks/eks; ks/eks)
f/ef; ff/eff)
00
gee
pee
(z
tset/tseta)
hoo
(q
kuu)
(~
ruotsalainen 00 - Swedish 0)
ii
r/er/rr/err
s/es; ss/ess
(f
yy
Note: The letters in parentheses occur only in words of c1ear1y foreign origin, e.g.,foreign names
and recent 10an words.
EXERCISES
1.
2.
Now say each letter one at a time and then listen to it on the tape.
3.
Spe11 the fol1owing Finnish and Swedish place names: Jyvskyl, Lappeenranta, Lauttasaari,
Kauniainen, Loviisa, Raahe, 80rg&, Hang, bo, land.
4.
Spe1l your name and those of your teacher and fe110w students.
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VOWEL HARHONY
There are three groups of vowels:
Neutral
Noun
back vowel
ending
-lla
-saa
-lta
-a
-vat
-ko
-ta
-na
-ll
-ss
-lt
0
Noun
-vt
-k
-t
-n
front vowel
ending
The vowels in endings that are attached to Finnish words must follow the front/back distinction of
vowela in the stern. This phenomenon is called vowel harmony.
categories of vowel harmony
a word containing on1y front vowe1(s) and /or neutra1 vowel(s) must have front vowel endings
-, -6, -y (+) -e, -1 + -ll etc.
a word containing any back vowel(s) (even back vowels plus neutral vowels) must have back
vowel endings
-a, -0, -u + -11a etc.
Note:
a word containing only neutral vowels most often has front vowel endings
-e, -1 + -11 etc.
piv-ll
lhetyst-ss
kysy-
he ky-vt
tekee-k
mies-t
illa-lla
talo-ssa
tutustu-a
he usko-vat
tapaa-ko
nais-ta
in the evening
in the house
to get acquainted
they believe
does (he) meet
woman
in compound words only the last word of the compound shows vowel harmony
syyskuu-ssa
(syys+kuu)
september
i l tapiv-ll
afternoon
p-1
(ilta+piv)
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STRESS
Primary stress:
in these examples the stress mark (') follows the stressed syllable.
to drive
ta'-los-sa
in the house
kau'-he-a
awful
on the first syllable even in loan-words and names borrowed from other
languages which may have the original stress on some other syllable
ba'-naa-ni
banana
to'-maat-ti
tomato
American
kir'-ja-hyl--ly
bookshelf
the stress on the first syllable of the second element in a compound word slightly
stronger than the secondary stress in a multisyllable word
il'-ma-voi--mat (ilmatvoimat)
Yh'-dys-val--lat (Yhdys-tvallat)
airforce
United states
INTONATION
Intonation in Finnish may sound very monotonic to you. There are very few ups and downs. The pitch
contour is generally descending. IMPORTANT: QUESTIONS ARE NEVER EXPRESSED BY INTONATION~
P-B
SYLLABLE DIVISION
There may be one, and only one, eonsonant at the beginning of a syllable:
hyv
miss
ilta
kanssa
porkkana
hy-v
mis-s
il-ta
kans-sa
pork-ka-na
good
where
evening
with
earrot
help
1 take
kii-tos
hy-v
pi-v
huo-men-ta
my-hs-s
thank you
good
day
morning
late
CONSONANT GRADATION
Consonant gradation is fundamental to Finnish phonology. Consonants may be said to have Wstrong
grade W or Wweak grade w It aetually eomes about because of a historieal evolution which is still in
progress. Beeause of that we find a great many seeming irregularities in the way words ehange when
they enter into grammatical use. You don't need to. learn how and why this happened yet. For now we
will simply introduce the subjeet to get you familiar with the sounds and rhythm of Finnish words as
they change under different grammatieal eonditions. We will return to this subjeet frequently
throughout the course. This seetion, however, ean continue to serVe as a quick referenee for you.
The underlined words here appear to have a different stern to whieh endings are attaehed.
Tm on mukava luokka.
Olemme luoka-ssa.
Ku~i on pydll.
Pidn tst kUEi-sta.
Kartta on seinll.
Suomi on karta-Ila.
Hn on komentaja Jo~i.
Komentaja Joe-Ila on perhe.
He is Commander Joki.
Commander Joki hae a family.
Tuolla on
There's a boy.
The boy has a newspaper.
Po~-lla
Kyl~
Haluan
poi~a.
on sanomalehti.
on valmis.
kyl~-n.
Osoitteeni on Puistokatu.
Asumme puistokadu-Ila.
Examine the underlined words in the examples above. You will notice that alI of them, in the
uninflected forms, contain either a p, t or k. The double and single consonants seem to alternate
with each other. This type of alternation is called consonant gradation.
The consonants involved are
p,
t,
For now, let's not concern ourselves with the details of Finnish grammar. lt is enough at this stage
to say that there are certain significant endings which are added toFinnish words. ln nouns,
adjectives, and pronouns these endings are referred to as cases (see structural notes l-C). We
generally refer to these cases by their standard grammatical names. The examples of consonant
gradation which follow use these case names, but it ie not necessary to explain these any further at
this time.
P-IO
How to determine when the double and single consonants are to be used
Examine the words below. The second syllable of the words in the leftmost column, ends in a vwel and
is called open. These words have either kk, pp, or tt or k, p, t which is called the strong
grade. In the remaining three columns, because of a grammatical change, the syllables end in a
consonant and are called closed. Notice how kk has changed to single k: pp to single p:
tt to single t; single k has disappeared (zero : 0) or has become v or jJ single p has
chaoged to vJ single t to d. These forms are called the weak grade. This is illustrated in
the qUick reference table in the center of the page below.
nominative
inessive
elative
adessive
luok-ka
kup-pi
kart-ta
luo-kaS-SA
kU-EtS-SA
kar-taS-SA
jo.:.eS-SA
sU-VUS-SA
kyi:.Y,Ys-s
ka-duS-SA
luo-kaS-TA
kU-EiS-TA
kar-taS-TA
jo.:.eS-TA
sU-VUS-TA
kyl=!YS-TK
ka-dus-TA
luo-kaL-La
ku-.eIL - LA
kar-taL-LA
jo.:.eL-LA
SU-VUL-LA
kyl=.!YL-L
ka-duL-LA
jo-~i
su-ku
kyl-.ey
ka-tu
(syllables are separated by -, endings capitalized, and the change in the stern underlined.)
Rule of consonant gradation:
The strong grade is used in the
beginning of an open syllable:
the weak grade io the beginning
of a closed syllable (see P-9 for
syllable division).
Note:
weak
strong
kk
pp
tt
-r--
6,v,j*
p
t
nk
mp
ng
mm
lt
11
nt
rt
nn
rr
Consonant's grade is affected by the change in the following syllable irrespective of its
place in the word.
tut-tu
tu-tum-maS-SA
---
P-ll
Imagine the open syllable as an unguarded, vu1nerab1e place that needs strong, doub1e protection
at the front: luok-ka. - class
STRONG GRADE
LUO
ext~a
consonant
-t,
WEAK GRADE
1.
open sy11ab1e
strong grade
endings with one vowe1: -a/- or 3rd person
endings which forffi an independent sy11ab1e by
nominative
partitive
-a/-
essive
-na/-n
i11ative
-Vn
3rd person singular
3rd person plura1
vowel
-vat/-vt
(Syllables are separated, endings capitalized, and the strong grade in the stern underlrned.)
Note:
P-12
2.
closed syllable
weak grade
the endings with one consonant -n, ;"t
the endings with two consonants + a vowel:
nominative
genitive
nominative plo
inessive
elative
adessive
ablative
allative
1st
2nd
1st
2nd
person
person
person
person
singular
singular
plural
plural
-n
-t
-ssa/-ss
-sta/-st
-l1a/-ll
-lta/-lt
-lIe
-n
-t
-mme
-tte
tun-neN
tun-neT
tun-neM-ME
tun-neT-TE
(Syllables are separated, endings capitalized, and the change in the stern underlined.)
Variations and exceptions
consonant gradation may occur in alI words which have
numerals, or verbs. There are some exceptions:
strong
kk
pp
tt
k
p
t
nk
mp
lt
nt
rt
Weak
k
p
t
jf,v,j
v
d
ng
mm
1.
-s
p, t, k
in combination with
mak-saa
mak-san
vitsi
to pay
I pay
joke
p, t, k
no consonant gradation
hup-su
hup-sut
vitsit
crazy
the crazy ones
jokes
2.
3.
11
nn
rr
Outi's
P-13
4.
Menen pank-kiin.
Menen kaup-paan.
Why a strong grade in a closed syllable? It's a historical relic. You don't really need. to know this,
exeept for the fact that it explains some of the other appearances of the illative. Compare
the illative forrns above with the illative forms in the following one-syllable words:
Menen ty-hn.
Jrvi meni j-hn.
1 go to work.
The lake froze over.(lit., the lake went into iee).
+ vowel
+ -n,
pank-ki-hin
kaup-pa-han
The long vowel in the illative case is the result of the historical disappearance of the
the vowels, but the regular strong grade is preserved.
b)
words ending in
-h between
-e
Osoi-te' on Puistokatu.
Haluan osoit-teen.
Originally words ending in -e ended in a eonsonant, most of~en in -k, 'osoitek', which
explains the weak grade in the otherwise open syllable. The apostrophe after the final -e in the
current form of these words, 'osoite' is not marked in standard Finnish, but is used here to indicate
the consonant that historieally ended the word (see P-5 for glottal stop). These words
behave as if the final consonant were still there.
nominative
genitive
osoi-te(k)
osoite
osoit-te(h)en
osoitteen
P-14
Historical note: The long vowel in 'osoitteen' ts a later developrnent, and the strong grade ts a
reIie from the tirne when -h or sorne other eonsonant began the last syllable. The forrn
'osoittehen', however, ean still be found iri diaIeets and poetry.
e)
nominative
ty-tr
ri-kas
d)
genitive
partitive
tyt-t-ren
rik-kaan
ty-tr-t
ri-kas-ta
-e:
illative
tyt-t-reen
rik-kaa-seen
the so-ealled -t-a/-t- verbs (see '18 in the eTY, Appendix III) behave in an
exeeptional way and will be pointed out separateIy in diseussions of various verb forms
the I infinitive has the weak grade, like -v- in the exarnple 'ta~ata'
personal forms have the strong grade, Itke -p- in 'taEaan', even
though their endings ~lose the syllable and would norrnally eall for the weak grade
p
tavata
to rneet
hn
he
tapaa-n
tapaa-t
tapaa
tapaa-rnme
tapaa-tte
tapaa-vat
I rneet
you rneet
he/she meets
we rneet
you rneet
they meet
kk
hukat-a
to Iose
hukkaa-n
I lose
maat-a
to He
makaa-n
tt
sotat-a
to srnear
sottaa-t
you srnear
lt
11
vallat-a
to oecupy
valtaa-tte
you oeeupy
lie
P-15
pp
vi,2at-a
to borrow money
vi~a..;,.a
(he/she) borrows
mp
mm
ka.!!!!!!.at-a
to comb
ka.!!!2aa-n
1 cornb
haudat-a
to bury
hautaa-mme
we bury
rt
rr
kerrat-a
to review
kertaa-mme
we review
nk
ng
siMot-a
to hurl
sinkoa-a
(he/she) hurla
k - j
t- d
t - d
alkaa
to begin
lukea
to read
sulkea
to shut
tiet
to know
lhte
to leave
annan
annat
antaa
alan
alat
alkaa
luen
luet
lukee
suljen
suljet
sulkee
tiedn
tiedt
tiet
lhden
lhdet
lhtee
annamme
annatte
a.!!!avat
alamme
alat te
alkavat
luemme
luette
lukevat
suljemme
sUljette
sul.!evat
tiedmme
tiedtte
tietvt
lh,g,emme
lhdette
lhtevt
nt - nn
nt - nn
k -
tuntea
to know
antaa
to give
tunnen
tunnet
tuntee
tunnemme
tu.m!.ette
tu,!!!evat
ff
Singular
(min)
1
(sin)
you
he/she hn
Plural
. we
(me)
you (te)
they he
P-16
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UNIT 1
GETTING TO KNOW YOU
TUTUSTUMINEN
Tervehdykset tavattaessa
Nkemiin.
Answer
piv.
Huomenta.
pi v.
Iltaa.
Tervet
Hoit
Kiitos.
Hauska tutustua.
Mit kuuluu?
Kuinka voitte?
Kiitos hyv.
Kiitos hyvin.
Nkemiin.
Rrottaessa
Hyv piv.
Hyv huomenta.
Hyv piv.
Hyv iltaa.
Terve:
Moit
Tervetuloa:
Hauska tutustua.
Iltaa.
Hyv yt.
Answer
Hyv yt:
Hyv yt:
Hyv yt:
Nkemiin.
Hyvsti:
Hyvsti:
Nkemiin.
Nkemiin.
Nkemiin .
Pitk hauskaat
Hyv viikonloppua:
Kiitos, sit samaa.
Hei sitten:
No hei:
Kuulemiin.
Kuulemiin.
1-1
yksi
Muita kohteliaisuusmuotoja
Olkaa hyv/ole hyv.
Anteeksi.
Olen pahoillani.
Ei se mitn.
Kiitos/kiitti. (eolloq.)
Olkaa hyv/ole hyv.
Ei kest.
Anteeksi, en kuullut.
Terveydeksi:
Kippis USkooH
Maljanne! (high style)
Malja Suomelle~ (high style)
Kiitos viimeisest.
Maljanne:
Skool~
Toast to you:
Kippis!
Toast to Finland~
Thanks for your latest hospitality.
address
alr foree
America
apartment
army
attaehe
birthday
brother
eaptain
eaptain (navy)
ehild
eolonel
eommander
eourse
elass
daughter
day
department
diplomat
director
doetor (title)
embassy
evening
1-2
kaksi
osoite (5)
ilmavoimat (3)
Amerikka (4)
huoneisto (5)
maavoimat (3)
avustaja (3)
syntympiv (2)
veli
kapteeni (7)
kommodori (6)
lapsi (12)
eversti (6)
komentaja (3)
kurssi (6)
luokka (2)
tytr (29)
piv (2)
osasto (16)
diplomaatti (6)
johtaja (3)
tohtori (7)
lhetyst (15)
Uta (1)
Nouns
Substantiiveja
syksy (15)
fall
family
perhe (5)
is (2)
father
ala (1)
field, line
af work
Ftnland
Suomi (8)
friend,
ystv (3)
acquaintance tuttava (3)
girl
tytt
home
hotel
house
housewife
man (male)
husband (my)
lawyer
M.A.
major
mUitary
attache
koti (6)
hotelli (7)
talo (1)
kotirouva (2)
mies (35)
mieheni
tuomari (7)
maisteri (7)
majuri (7)
sotilasasiamies (35)
(15)
mUitary foreea
Miss
Mr.
Mrs.
armeija (4)
ne.iti (6)
herra (1)
rouva (2)
n;lorning
motel
mother
iti
(6)
name
nimi
(8)
navy
laivasto (16),
meri voimat (3)
y (17)
ammatti (7), virka (1)
asunto (16)
tie (17)
vuodenajat (l)pl.
itse (6)
merkki (6)
poika (2)
kevt (36)
night
profession
residenee
road
seasons
self
8ign
san, bay
spring
street
studen-t
summer
teacher
katu (15)
opiskeli ja (4),
oppilas (30)
kes (2)
opettaja (3)
USA
yliopisto (16)
Yhdysvallat (1),
wife
winter
vaimo (15)
talvi (8)
university
USA
be, stay
be able
believe
do, make
Verbs
Verbej
olla (13)
get, may
saada (9)
voida (9), jaksaa(l) get acquainted
tutustua (8)
uskoa (8)
have
on
know, be familiar tuntea (5)
tehd (12)
with
Amerlcan
bad, sad
better
English
Finnish
French
amedkkalainen (25)
ikv ( 3)
parempi ( 14)
englantilainen ( 25)
suomalainen (25)
ranskalainen (25 )
Adjectives
fun
good
healthy
married
new
ntce
mys
ja
ylihuomenna
hopefully
toivottavasti
onneksi
how
lndeed
no
no more
on1y
Adjektiiveja
hauska (I)
hyv ( 2)
terve (5)
naimisissa (adv. )
uusi (10)
mukava ( 3)
nainen (25)
ty (17)
vuosi_ (9)
woman
work, job
year
own
Russian
spec.ial
Swedish
unmarried
oma ( 2)
venlinen ( 25 )
erikoinen (25)
ruotsalainen(25)
naimaton (24)
soon
today
we11, very
with
yes
pian
tnn
hyvin
kanssa
kyll, joo
(colloq. )
eilen
yesterday
Pronouns
1
you
he/she
it
we
they
what
who
Pronomineja
min
te (Te), sln
hn
se
me
he, ne
mik, mit
kuka
1-3
kolme
~
000
HEARING IT
Dialog A.
Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish side and follow 1n English. Do this at least three
times.
1. Good morning, Mr. Saari.
1. Hyv huomenta, herra Saari.
2. Morning, Mrs. Virtanen.
2. Huomenta, rouva Virtanen.
3. How are you?
3. Mit kuuluu?
4. Fine, thanks, and you?
4. Kiitos hyv, ent teille?
5. Just fine, thanks.
5. Kiitos hyv vain.
6. May. 1 intr9duce Attorney Tammi,
6. Saanko esitell, tuomari Tammi,
a new student. Mrs. Virtanen,
uusi oppilas, maisteri Virtanen,
the Finnish teacher.
suomen opettaja.
7. How do you do? Nice to meet you.
7. Hyv piv. Hauska tutustua.
8. Tss on vaimoni Minna.
.
8. Here is my wife, Minna.
9. piv. Tervetuloa:
9. Hello. Welcome:
10. Excuse me, what was the name again?
10. Anteeksi, mik olikaan nimenne?
11. Tammi.
11. Tammi.
12. How is it spelled?
12. Miten se kirjoitetaan?
13. Tam~i kahdella m:ll.
13. 'Tammi' with two m's.
So (that's) T-A-M-M-I.
Siis T-A-M-M-I.
14. Anteeksi, en kuullut.
14. Sorry, 1 didn't hear.
15. T-A-M-M-I.
15. T-A-M-M-I.
16. Please, sit down.
16. Olkaa hyv ja istukaa.
17. Thank you.
17. Kiitos.
18. How is your wife?
18. Mit vaimollenne kuuluu?
19. Thanks for asking,
19. Kiitos kysymst, hnelle
she is fine.
kuuluu hyv.
20. And how are things in Washington?
20. Ent mit washingtoniin kuuluu?
21. Thanks, everything is fine there.
21. Kiitos, sinne kuuluu hyv.
Dialog A.
CONNECTING SOUND AND WRITING. Play the taped dialog and follow the Finnish text.
Do this at least three times.
1-4
nelj
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Dia109 B.
Look at the Finnish text on p. 1-4. Listen to taped dia10g B and stop for 5 or 10
seconds after each sentence. Mark down in which order you hear the Finnish sentences.
Check your answers 8gainst the key.
Dia10g C.
Look at the English text on p. 1-4. Listen to scramb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10
seconds after eaeh sentenee. Mark down in whieh order you hear the Finnish sentenees,
but this time mark the English. This gives you praetiee in eomprehension. Check your
answers against the key.
.
Dia10g D.
Listen to dia10g D and fi11 in the b1anks in the text, stopping for 30 seeonds after
eaeh sentenee.
KBY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Excuse me
How i s ?
10.
B.
C.
D.
5
17
18
4
20
21
3
5
8
9
16
1
12
18
19
16
17
9
8
7
10
14
2
6
3. my wife, teaeher
4. niee to meet you
2. Mr.
5. new
1. attorney
6. we1eome, sit down
7. thanks, excuse me
8. 1 didn't hear
Finnish student
9. your wife
10. for asking, just
2
1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-5 viisi
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Yleiskieli
Standard Finnish
Puhekieli
Colloquial Finnish
Englanti
English
Ensimminen jakso
A. Hyv huomenta, herra Saari.
Huomenta
Sequence l
A. Good morning, Mr. Saari.
B.
Huomenta
B.
A.
Mit kuuluu?
A.
B.
B.
A.
A.
Toinen jakso
B. Saanko esitell, tuomari Tammi,
uusi oppilas, maisteri Virtanen,
suomen opettaja.
Saanks m esitell,
uus oppilas
Sequence 2
B. May 1 introduce Attorney Tammi,
a neW student. Mrs. Virtanen,
the Finnish teacher
A.
piv
c.
C.
A.
piv. Tervetuloa.
piv. Tervetuloo.
A.
Hello. Welcome.
Voices A, B, C.
1-6
...................
kuusi
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Act out sequenee 1 on the previous page, substituting tor the underlined words with those given
in the list.
piv
Hyv
iltaa
yt
kapteeni
majuri
neiti
johtaja
tohtori
eversti
Kokkonen
Joki
Jrvinen
saari
Tikkanen
Seppl
Act out these scenes and make up new ones using these models.
sAANKO E.SITHL'A' .'
PERI-\EEoNi, VAiMONI MAIJA
SAI5IN\<O ESITHLi\'
TUTTAVA Nl.
TUOMARI \/IRTANl:N
NEI TI J 'A' f{ '/1 NEN
SAANKO
E'5ITEL\.'A' iT5E.Ni.
NiMENI ON
MATTI SAARI.
JA LAl'5f:MME. PEKKA JA
LiiSA. JA T'A'sS'A' oN
t(All&, PE.KAN
seitsemn
Then act them out and substitute for the underlined words.
Voices A, B, C.
Kolmas jakso
A. Anteeksi, mik olikaan nimenne?
sequence 3
A. Excuse me, what was the name
again?
c. Tammi.
c. Tammi.
A. Miten se kirjoitetaan?
kirjotetaan?
kahella
c.
A. Anteeksi, en kuullut.
Anteeks, m en kuulIu.
c.
Siis T-A-M-M-I.
T A M M 1.
Neljs jakso
A. Olkaa hyv ja istukaa.
B. Kiitos.
Kiitti.
Viides jakso
A. Mit vaimollenne kuuluu?
.
.
c.
sequence 4
A. Please sit down.
T A M M 1.
B. Thank you.
sequence 5
A. HOW is your wife?
sille kuuluu
hyv.
Kuudes jakso
A. Ent mit Washingtoniin kuuluu?
Ents washingtoniin?
sequence 6
A. And how are things in washington?
1-8
kahdeksan
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Act out sequence 4 by substituting for the underlined word with these expressions.
olkaa hyv ja
kyk sisn.
kyk istumaan.
{ kyk peremmlle.
Please,
Make up yout own questions and answersi using the given variations.
teille
mlehellenne
Mit { lapsillenne
kuuluu?
Kiitos, heille
kuuluu hyv.
Matilie
hnelle
~i~~~~:
are yoU?
is your husband?
How { are your children?
is Matti?
Mit
Suomeen
Helsinkiin
kuuluu?
kotiin
suomen luokkaan
Kiitos,
in
ln
at
in
Finland?
Helsinki?
home?
Finnish class?
Mit kuuluu?
Thanks,
I 'm fine.
he i8 fine.
they are fine.
he 1s fine.
ei mitn erikoista.
siinhn se menee.
{ ei kovin hyv.
Thanks,
nothing special.
it's going alI right.
{ not too goode
Miten menee?
Kuinka hurisee?
Kiitos, hyvin.
Kiitos, siinhn se menee.
How is it going?
Fine, thanks.
Fine, thanks.
lit., What is heard?, the equivalent of How are you?, What's happening?, What's up?,
or How are things?
1-9
yhdeksn
HBARING IT II
Ilo~ol IDialog A.
I-I0
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
kymmenen
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Dialog A.
Dialog B.
Look at the Finnish text on p. 1-10. Play scrambled dialog B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds
after each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check
your answer against the key.
Dialog C.
Look at the English text. Play scrambled dialog C, stopping after each sentence for
5 or 10 seconds. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this time
mark the English. This gives YQU practice in comprehension. Check your work against
the key.
Dialog D.
Play the taped dialog three times and follow the Finnish text.
Listen to dialog D, stopping for 30 seconds after each sentence and fi11 in the blanks.
1. Where are . now?
2. They are at home .
3 H ow i s you r . ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY
B.
C.
D.
22
8
12
13
18
19
21
25
3
4
27
7
3
4
20
25
26
27
2
18
19
5
6
7
8
15
9
10
11
a
1
3. husband
4. our daughter
2. our daughter
5. Finland
1. your sons
8. in the air force
10. Department of state
7. work
9. Saari
6. Helsinki, Kuopio
12. third
11. my son's
12
Hosted1-11
for free yksitoista
on livelingua.com
Seitsems jakso
A. Onko teill perhett]
Sequence 7
A. Do you have a family]
Ne on
Kahdeksas jakso
A. Miten tyttrenne voi]
Sequence 8
A. How is your daughter?
B. Toivotaan niin.
...........................
Cultural note:
1-12
1n Finnish you often say 'kiitos kysymst,' meaning -thanks for asking, when
someone asks the routine greeting questions.
kaksitoista
Oletteko naimisissa?
Olen/En ole.
Yes/No.
En ole naimisissa.
Olen naimaton.
Olen poikamies.
Olen eronnut.
Olen naimisissa.
on/Ei ole.
Yes/No.
Hosted1-13
for free on
livelingua.com
kolmetoista
kotosin?
sequence 9
A. What part of America do you
come from? (lit., are you from)
Kymmenes jakso
A. Asutteko viel hotellissa?
Asutteks te
sequence 10
A. Are you still living in ahotel?
A. Miss se on?
..........................
A. Where is it?
................. te ootte
B. Se on puistokadulla. Tss on
osoitteeni, puistokatu 29.
(kaksikymmentyhdeksn)
Tss on mun
Mites te
me viihytn
1-14
osate
(kakskytyheksn)
A. How are you enjoying yourself
in Finland?
B. Thanks, we're enjoying it
very much.
neljtoista
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Give information about where you come from and aak your fe110w atudents
suomesta.
From Finland.
Suomessa.
1n Finland.
Amerikassa,
Suomessa.
{
New Yorkissa.
Olen syntynyt
1 was born in
America.
Finland.
{ New York.
KERROSTALO
U[JD
DD[]
[][lU
PIENTALO
mmm
Miss te asutte?
Washingtonissa.
talo.
asunto.
{ huoneisto.
00
RIVITALO
1n Washington.
house.
place to I i ve.
{ apartment.
........ ootte
eiks niin?
sequence 11
A. You are in the military,
aren't yoU?
B. Niin, ilmavoimissa.
Ent mill alalla te olette?
Joo, ..........".....
Ents ootte?
A. Olen ulkoministeriss.
M oon .
A.
Kahdestoista jakso
B. Tunnetteko Bob Wilsonin?
Hn on tyss siell.
Tunnetteks te
Sequence 12
B. Do you know Bob Wilson?
He works there.
B. Ensimminen syyskuutako?
.........................
A. Niin.
Joo.
A. Yes.
Kolmastoista jakso
A. Asiasta toiseen, uskotteko
horoskooppiin?
uskotteks te
Sequence 13
A. To change the sUbject, do
you believe in horoscopes?
M oon Neitsyt.
en usko
Se on
Mut m
Musta
m at the state
Department.
1'
Tehn olette
You are/work
~
~
yliopistossa,
Yhdysval.tain suurlhetystss,
eik niin?
Amerikan suurlhetystss,
merivoimissa,
maavoimissa,
Niin.
Kyll.
Joo.
En ole, olen yliopistossa.
En, olen ilmavoimissa.
at
at
at
in
in
Yes, 1 am/do.
Yes, 1 am/do.
Yes, 1 amldo.
No, 1 donlt, 1 work at the
university.
No, 1 1 m not, 1 1 m in the air
force.
the
the
the
the
the
university
U.8. embassy
American embassy
navy
army
arenlt/don't you?
Find out and provide information about a third person, using both affirmative and negative questions
and statements.
Mik herra Smith on ammatiltaan?
Miss virassa herra Smith on?
Mit herra Smith tekee?
Hn on amerikkalainen
lhetystvirkailija.
sotilasasiamies.
He is an American
{ diplomaatti.
Hn on Amerikan suurlhettils.
Kuka amerikkalainen diplomaatti on?
Hn on herra Smith.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tnn
}
Huomenna
ylihuomenna
on Maijan syntympiv.
Today
}
Tomorrow
Day after tomorrow
Eilen
Yesterday
is Maijals birthday.
was Maijals birthday.
1-17
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VUODENAJAT JA KUUKAUDBT
TALVI
winter
KBVXT
spring
SYKSY
fall/autumn
RESX
summer
1-18
kahdeksantoista
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\
Read with the help of the glossary.
KAURIS
Caprfeorn
jouluk. 22 - tammik. 19
vilk~s, huolellinen,
krsiYll i nen
lively, careful, patient
II
JOUSIHIES
Sagittarlus
marrask. 22 - jouluk. 21
viisas, eloisa, epitseks
Aquarlus
VESIHIES
tammik. 20 - helmik. 18
keksdls, romanttinen,
hillitty
inventive, romantie,
self -controlled
KALAT
Plsces
helmlk. 19 - maa1isk. 20
idealistinen, taiteellinen,
antellas
ldealistle, artlstle, generous
OINAS
Ari es
maa1isk. 21 - huhtik. 19
Itseninen, huoleton, herkk
Independent, caretree, sensitive
Scorpio
V...... KA
Li bra
syysk. 23 - lokak. 23
lahjakas, sstvinen,
HIiRKIi
Taurus
huhtik. 20 - toukok. 20
peloton, ystvllinen, pttvinen
fear1ess, kind, determined
.
~EITSYT
Vi rgo
elok. 23 - syysk. 22
ylpe, kytnnllinen,
aHiivlnen
proud, practical, active
KAKSOSET
Geminl
toukok. 21 - kesk. 21
lyks, levoton, monipuolinen
intelllgent, restless, versatile
LEIJONA
Leo
helnk. 23 - elok. 22
rohkea, ahkera,
lmmlnsydmlnen
brave, industrious,
warm-hearted
I(RAPU
Caneer
kesk. 22 - heink. 22
tunteellinen, kunnianhimoinen,
lojaali
sentimental, ambitious, loyal
.... h A _ I __
! ..' __
Perusluvut
nolla
yksi
kaksi
kolme
nelj
viisi
kuusi
seitsemn
kahdeksan
yhdeksn
kymmenen
yksitoista
kaksitoista
Viikonpi vt
maanantai
tiistai
keskiviikko
torstai
perjantai
lauantai
s!Jnnuntai
Cardinal numbers
Jrjestysluvut
Ordinal numbers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ensimminen, eka
toinen
kolmas
neljs
viides
kuudes
seitsems
kahdeksas
yhdekss
kymmenes
yhdestoista
kahdestoista jne.
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth, and so forth
tnn
huomenna
ylihuomenna
eilen
toissapivn
today
tomorrow
day after tomorrow
yesterday
day hefore yesterday
Talk about the days of the week, using your own variations.
Tnn on maanantai.
Mik piv on huomenna?
Huomenna on tiistai.
Mik piv oli eilen?
1-20
Today is
What day
Tomorrow
What day
Monday.
i8 tomorrow?
is Tuesday.
was yesterday?
kaksikymment
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COMPREHENSION EXERCISES.
1.
1. good morning
2. acquaintance
3. student
goodevening
friend
teacher
to get acquainted
good evening
4. to meet
5. good night
KEY
1.
2.
lB
lB
2B
2A
3A
3B
4B
4B
2.
A/B
1. I am doctor/attorney Virtanen.
2. I have a wife and two/three kids.
----3. My child is/the children are at home.
4. My wife Maija is at work/at home.
5. My daughter's/my son's name is
...
5A
58
4.
After completing these two exercises, compare your answers with the Finnish text in App. VI.
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1-21
kaksikymmentyksi
Listen to the following short extracts of conversation on the tape and take notes under these
headings. Then discuss your notes with the other members of your group.
1-22
5. Person
Profession
Where from
Family
6. Person
Profession
Family
My family
7. people
Their jobs
Family
Phone numbers
kaksikymmentkaksi
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FUNCTION PRACTICES.
1. Greetings
- greet your fe110w student B and introduce yourself
B expresses his/her p1easure in meeting you
greet your fe110w student B in the morning and introduce your wife/husband/friend
B expresses his/her pleasure in meeting hirn/her
B apologizes for not hearing the name
after you repeat the name, B asks how it is spelled
spel1 your name in Finnish
welcome someone to the class/Helsinki/Finland
2. Responses
- express
- express
- express
- express
3. Where from
- tell where you
ask where B is
find out where
find out where
are from
from
B is from, where she/he lives and what she/he does for living
each student is from, where they live and what they do
4. Occupation
- ask if a certain person is working
B answers in the negative
find out who each student, diplomat, teacher, etc., is
find out what each person (identified by name) is doing
s.
Birthdays
- find out if B believes in astrology, what his/her sign is, and when his/her birthday is
6. Your teacher is Finnish. Ask hirn/her alI the questions you have 1earned.
greet the teacher
ask how the teacher is
ask if the teacher has a family
ask how the family is
ask how the teacher's wife/husband/son/daughter feels
ask how things are at home/in Helsinki/in Washington, etc.
1-23 Hosted
kaksikymmentkolme
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READING
Translate this with the help of the glossary.
Terve Bill. Oletko tavannut ystvni Maijan?
En valitettavasti, mutta haluaisin tutustua hneen.
Voisin esitell hnet nyt sinulle. Kuule, Maija.
Tss on Bill, josta olen puhunut niin paljon.
Ahaa, kiva tavata. Nyt uskon horoskooppiin.
Sen mukaan minun piti tnn tutustua komeaan mieheen.
- Sano piv, Pekka:
- Anna ktt, Musti:
Write your own biography, using the vocabulary learned so far.
Look up your birthday and Zodiac sign on p. 1-19.
Write down this information, share it with your fellow students, and ask them for the same.
syntympivni on
My birthday i8
Horoskooppimerkkini on
My sign 1a
Olen
1 am
1-24
kaksikymmentnelj
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UNIT 1
STRUCTURAL NOTES
I-A
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
How to form
1st person singular
2nd person singular
3rd person singular
min
sin
hn
se
me
te, Te.
he
ne
you
he/she
it
we
you
they (people only)
they
When to use
1.
2.
3.
eolloquia11y,
'm'
and
Is'
"1"
and
"you"
* The capita1 1etter i8 used here for distinetion, but both the regular 2nd person plura1
and the po1ite form are written 'te' except in polite eorrespondenee.
1-25
I-B
Singular
Plural
now to forrn:
1.
2.
1. (min)
2. (sin)
3. hn
1. (me)
2. (te)
3. he
1 reside
you reside
he/she resides
we reside
you reside
they reside
asu-n
asu-t
asu-u
asu-mme
asu-tte
asu-vat
stern:
ia the elernent common to alI six forrns: asuia norrnally found by rernoving the ending -n of the 1st person singular, which
is the second forrn in your chart of the Conjugational Types of Verbs (CTV see App.
Personai ending:
is different for every person
Singular
l.-n
P1ura1
111)
2.
-t
3.
-V the last vowel of the stern doubled: 'hn usko-o' -he/she believes-no ending is added if the stern ends in two vowels: 'hn voi' -he/she can-
1.
2.
-mme
-tte
-vat/-vt
3.
since the endings are different for every person, the personai pronouns for the 1st and 2nd
person can be left out altogether, unless there is a special ernphasis
the 3rd person pronoun cannot be left out
When to use
1.
2.
1-26
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1-C
CASE ENDINGS
1n Finnish, the nominals, (nouns, pronouns, numerals, and adjectives), appear in different forms,
called cases, according to their function in the sentence. These cases have particular sounds
associated with them, and these sounds are added onto the stern of the basic word. The basic word is
in the nominative case, which is the form you find in the dictionary. The stern of the nominal, to
which the case endings are'added, varies somewhat from the dictionary forms. Further discussion of
this is on page P-9 (notes onpronunciation), in the section on consonant gradation. For now, it is
sufficient to work with the conceptual meaning of the most comrnon cases. The process of changing case
endings on a nominal is called declining. so the nominative case is the undeelined case, which
appears in the dictionaries and word lists ofeach unit in this book.
1t may be helpful to realize that there is something like a core meaning for each case and several
extended meanings. The meaning of a case i8 reflected in the kind of question it answers, as
indicated by the question pronouns 'kuka' "who" and 'mik' "what." The case of the noun or
pronoun in your answer should match the case of the interrogative pronoun. (see I-J, 1-K, and I-L for
"yes/no" '-ko/-k' questions)
There are two basic groups of eases:
local
non-Ioeal
When to use
The subject of the sentence--the actor or even simply the name of something--is generally in the
nominative: "l broke it." The genitive indicates possession: "the boy's book." The accusative
indicates that the nominal is the objeet or recipient of the aetion of the verb:
"1 broke it." The partitive indicates many things, but its core meaning is a reference to only
a part of the objeet or objeets, not alI of those bjects in the world: "some apple/some apples."
These cases will be explained in much more detail as you progress through the book using
them.
We will begin using the local cases first in their basie and extended meanings (see II-G for
further explanations). The local cases generally correspond to prepositions in English, and their
meanings are similar to the variety of meanings of the equivalent prepositions in English.
1-27
As an example, we will deal first with the allative case. Its basic meaning is -in the direction of
something which is a surface, not an enclosure,- or -towards the surface of something.- The extended
meaning refers to -the recipient of something,- as in -Igave it to him.- This usage is called -dative- in
most European languages.
I-D
Standard
minu-Ile
sinu-He
hne-lIe
mei-He
tei-He
hei-He
1
you
he/she
we
you
they
ColIoquial
mu-lle
su-lle
to
to
to
to
to
to
me
you
hirn/her
US
you
them
How to form
the stern of the pronouna i6 the part before the allative case ending -lIe
the stern is the same for alI cases except, partitive and accusative (see 1-F, 111-A, 11I-D)
When to use:
1.
2.
'kenelle'
Kenelle tm on?
Tm on teille.
Note:
The colloquial forma are very widely used (see the Workbook, unit 1).
1-28
HOW TO EXPRESS
I-E'
-to have-
Affirmative
standard
minu-Ila
sinu-Ila
hne-ll
Liisa-Ua
CoUoquial
:~=~~:
How to form:
~o~a~:ve
on auto
-lla/-Il
mei-ll }
tei-11
on auto
hei-U
a ear
he/she has
Liisa has
on
we }
you
have a car
they
nom.
attach -lla/-1l ending to the stern of the subject of the English sentenee
the verb 'olla' -ta be- is always 1n the 3rd person singular forrn 'on'
what i8 possessed i8 in the basie form, nominative
minu-lla
sinu-l1a
hne-ll
Liisa-lla
How ta form:
1 don't
you don't
he/she doesn't
Liisa doesn' t
ei ole auto-a
-1la/-ll
ei ole
Negative
rnei-ll}
tei-ll
ei ole auto-a
hei-ll
have a ear
we don't}
you don't have car
they don't
part.
on-ko
hne-ll
sinu-lla
tei-ll
hei-ll
Liisa-lla
auto?
Does he
DO you
have
Do you
Do they
a carl
Does Liisa
Ei-k
hne-ll
sinu-lla
tei-ll
hei-ll
Liisa-lla
ole
autoa?
Doesn't he
Don't you
Don't you
have
Don't they
a carl
Doesn' t Liisa
1-29
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Dow to forrn
Affirrnative:
onko
+ -lla/-Il + norn.
add the question particle -ko/-k to the verb in the 3rd person sg.
(see I-J)
attach -lla/-Il to the stern of the subject
what is possessed is in the norninative, basic forrn
'on-koi
Negative:
eik
+ -lla/-Il + ole + part.
start with 'ei-k'
attach -lla/-Il to the stern of the subject
the verb forrn is 'ole'
what is not possessed is in the partitive case
When to use: in answer to the question who has 1 (the stern for 'kuka' who is 'kene-')
Kene-ll on auto1
Who has a car1
I-F
Kirja on
Dow to forrn:
standard
rninu-n
sinu-n
hne-n
rneid-n
teid-n
heid-n
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
CoUoquial
rnu-n
su-n
se-n
The book ia
rnore in VI-B
add
When to use:
'kenen'
I-G
(minun) }
(sinun)
(hnen)
Dow to forrn:
rnine
yours
his/hers
oura
yours
theirs
auto
-ni
-si
-nsa/ns, -Vn
(=
vowel
whose
POSSESSIVE SUPPIXES
-nl
rny
} car
your
his/her
SUffi~,
(meidn) }
(teidn)
(heidn)
-rnme
auto -nne
-nsa
our }
your car
their
see Ii-p.
1-30
When ta use
1.
house.
in the 3rd person, you may leave out the possessive pronoun only when it refers
to the subject of the sentence
Pekka asuu
2.
talossansa.
talossaan.
Matin talossa.
hnen talossaan.
hnen talossansa.
Peter is I i ving
in
in
in
in
in
our school
your father
their class
in informal Finnish
Onko teidn vaimo kotirouva?
Miss teidn lapset nyt on?
I-H
Singular
(min)
(sin)
hn
e-n
e-t
ei
Plural
(me)
(te)
he
e-mme asu
e-tte asu
ei-vt asu
asu
asu
asu
we don't reside
you don't reside
they don't reside
How to form
the word corresponding to the English -not- is 'ei'
'ei' is used like a verb and takes the personai endings according to the subject:
'en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivt'
'en, et, ei,' etc., precede the main verb (in English -not- usually comes after the verb)
the main verb is in a special form obtained by dropping the 1st person singular, present
tense affirmative ending -n
min
asu-n
min en asu
I-I
1 reside
1 don't reside
PRESENT TENSE OF
Note:
ole-n
ole-t
on
ole-mme
ole-tte
o-vat
m oon
s oot
s~ on
me ollaan
te ootte
ne on
-to beNegative
Af f i rma ti ve
Standard
colloquial
min
sin
hn
me
te
he
'olla'
Colloquial
Standard
1 am
you are
he/she is
we are
you are
they are
min
sin
hn
me
te
he
e-n
e-t
ei
e-mme
e-tte
ei-vt
ole
ole
ole
ole
ole
ole
m
s
se
me
te
ne
en 00
et 00
ei 00
ei olla
ette 00
ei 00
1 am not
The colloquial forms are very widely used (see the .Workbook unit 1).
1-32
Affirmati ve question
Standard
Colloquial
ole-n-ko (min)
ole-t-ko (sin)
on-ko hn
on-ko se
ole-mme-ko (me)
ole-tte-ko (te)
o-vat-ko he/ne
Note:
Negative question
Standard
Colloquial
oonks m?
ooks/oots?
onkse?
onkse?
ollaanks me?
ootteks te?
onks ne?
am I?
are yoU?
is he/she
is it?
are we?
are yoU?
are they?
enks m oo?
eks/ets oo?
eikse oo?
eikse oo?
eiks me olla?
etteks te oo?
eiks ne oo?
am 1 not?
are you not?
is he/she not?
is it not?
are we not?
are you not?
are they not?
Colloquial forms are very widely used (see the Workbook unit 1).
I-J
-ko/-k
QUESTIONS
Haluaisitte-ko istua?
Ette-k haluaisi istua?
Menemme-k kotiin?
Emme-k mene kotiin?
Dow to form
1.
+
+
ole
asu
2.
-ko/-k
question
-t
te = oletteko te?
sin
asutko sin?
-ko
-ko
e-
-tte
e-
-t
+-k
+-k
subject
te
sin
subject
ole
asu
'"
are yoU?
do you live?
1-K
HOW TO ANSWER
Uskotteko horoskooppiin?
(Kyll) uskon.
En (usko).
the most common way is to repeat or negate the 'questioned word ' without the -ko/-k ending
for emphasis, you may use 'kyll' in an affirmative answer
'kyll' and 'joo' (colloq.) can be used in alI above examples, but the usage is
less common
'ei' with a personai ending with/without the main verb is used in a negative answer
1-L
1.
2.
When you form questions without an interrogative word, add the lnterrogative suffix
Onko vaimonne kotirouva?
Asutteko viel hotellissa?
3.
-ko/-k.
1-34
I-H
WORO OROER
Generally speaking, word order is less fixed than in English due to the faet that the ease
endings immediately tell whether the word is used as subjeet, objeet, or has some other grammatieal
funetion in the sentence. You'll find more information on word order in II-C.
Direct word order:
statements
He ovat kotona.
Asun nyt tll.
-ko/-k questions
not beginning with a verb
verb, subjeet
-ko/-k questions
beginning with a verb
Asutteko te hotellissa?
Tunnetteko Bob Wilsonin?
I-N
EHPHATIC SUFFIX
-han/-hn
When to use
ean be added to any word, in a sentence for emphasis
softens eommands and adds an informal tone to the eonversation
1-35
UNIT II
Ilo
K:J 0
II
MISS MIKIN ON
Nouns
answer
bank
bathroom
blackboard
book
bus
calendar
chair
city, town
clock, watch
coffee
corridor
cupboard
day and night
direction
door
elevator
errand
flag
floor
floor, layer
flower
help
hour
vastaus (32)
pankki (6)
kylpyhuone (5)
taulu (15)
kirja (1)
bussi (6)
kalenteri (7)
tuoli (6)
kaupunki (7)
kello (15)
kahvi (6)
kytv (3)
kaappi (6)
vuorokausi(lO)
suunta (3)
ovi (a)
hissi (6)
asia (4)
lippu (15)
lattia (4)
kerros (32)
kukka (2)
apu (15)
tunti (6)
ladies' room
lamp
lesson
lobby
lunch hour
magazine
map
men's room
minute
month
newspaper
office
paper
pause
pen
pencil
phone booth
periodical
picture
place
poster
post office
public phone
advise
answer
begin
can
come
neuvoa (8)
vastata (18)
alkaa (1)
voida (9)
tulla (13)
end
give
go
know
last
SUbstantHveja
naistenhuone (5)
lamppu (15)
tunti(6),luku (15)
eteisaula (1)
ruokatunti (6)
kuvalehti (8)
kartta (1)
miestenhuone (5)
minuutti (6)
kuukausi (10)
sanomalehti (8)
toimisto (15)
lehti(8), paperi(6)
tauko (15)
kyn (2), mustekyn
kyn, lyijykyn
puhelinkioski(6)
aikakauslehti(8)
kuva (2)
paikka (1)
juliste (5)
posti (6)
yleispuhelin
Verbs
Verbej
loppua (8) intr.
antaa (1)
menn (13)
tiet (3)
kest (2)
quarter
question
recess
restaurant
room
schedule
school
semester
side
table
tape
tape recorder
telephone
phone book
time
timetable
view
wall
WC
week
window
leave
like, be fond of
listen
look like
neljnnes (32)
kysymys (32)
vli tunti (6)
ravintola (4)
huone (5)
lukujrjesty.s (32)
koulu (15)
lukukausi(lO)
puoli (9)
pyt (2)
nauha (1)
nauhuri (7)
puhelin (23)
puhelinluettelo (15)
aika, kerta (1)
aikataulu (15)
nkala (1)
sein (2)
vessa (1)
viikko (15)
ikkuna (1)
II-l
need
open
phone
put
read
repeat
say
tarvita (19)
avata (18
soittaa (2)
panna (13)
lukea (4)
toistaa (2)
sanoa (8)
seem (fee!)
smell
stand
start
study
take
taste
tuntua (8)
tuoksua (8) intr.
seisoa (8)
alkaa (1)
opiskella (14)
ottaa (2)
maistua (8) intr.
Adjectives
accurate
beautiful
big, large
black
blue
brown
fine
green
left
tarkka (1)
kaunis (30)
suuri (9)
musta (2)
sininen (25)
ruskea (20)
hieno (15)
vihre (20)
vasen (26)
long
longest
nearest
old
red
eight
short
small
strong
as
earlier
even
far away
half
here
noin
jlkeen
uudelleen, taas
edell, eteenpin
kuten
aikaisemmin
vaikka, edes
kaukana
puoli
tll, tss
if
late
later
left (on the)
near
now
only
quiet
seldom
slow
sharp
pitk (2)
pisin (26)
lhin (26)
vanha (1)
punainen (25)
oikea (20)
lyhyt (37)
pieni (9)
vahva (1)
itse
that
sure
weak
what kind of
what
nationali ty
white
yellow
yesterday
varma (1)
heikko (15)
minklainen (25)
minkmaalainen (25)
valkoinen (25)
keltainen (25)
ei linen (25)
jos
myhss
myhemmin
vasemmalla
lhell
nyt
vain, vasta
hiljaa
harvoin
jljess
tasan
Pronouns
self
Adjektiiveja
turn
understand
visit
wait
walk
want
exactly
so that
sometimes
still
straight
(over) there
there
(right) there
together
tomorrow
to the right
tasan
joten
joskus
viel
suoraan
tuolla
siell
tuossa, siin
yhdess
huomenna
oikealle
this
tm
Pronomineja
tuo
11-2
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
HEARING IT 1
Dialog A. Play the taped dialog.
three times.
1. Tm on mukava luokka.
2. Niin minustakin. Tlt on
kaunis nkala.
3. Niin on. Tm on seitsems kerros.
4. Tiedn sen. Odotin hissi
kymmenen minuuttia.
5. Mik tuo on?
6. Se on Helsingin kartta.
7. Onko tll mys Helsingin
puhelinluettelo?
8. On, tuolla hyllyll on uusi
Helsingin puhelinluettelo.
9. Ent mik lehti tm on?
10. Se on suomalainen sanomalehti,
Helsingin Sanomat.
11. Onko mys Ilta-Sanomat tll?
12. On, se on tuossa pydll,
ja tss on Suomen Kuvalehti.
13. Mit kello nyt on? Minun kelloni
seisoo.
14. Viisi yli yksi.
15. Voi, minun piti soittaa kotiin
yhdelt.
16. Ai, mutta kelloni onkin edell.
Se on vasta viitt vaille yksi.
17. Oletteko varma?
18. Olen, teill on viel aikaa.
19. Luojan kiitos, sitten en ole myhss. Vaimoni ei pitisi siit.
20. Muuten minulla on kysymys.
Mihin aikaan koulu alkaa?
21. Se alkaa yhdekslt ja loppuu
yleens neljlt. Tnn on vain
puoli piv.
Do this at least
11-3
Dia10g A.
Dia10g B.
Look at the Finnish text. P1ay seramb1ed dia10g B, stopping for 5 or 10 seeonds
after eaeh sentenee. Mark down in whieh order you heard the Finnish sentenees.
Cheek your answers against the key.
Dia10g C.
Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay seramb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10 seeonds
after eaeh sentenee. Mark down in whieh order you heard the Finnish sentenees, but
this time mark the Eng1ish. This gives you praetiee in eomprehension. Cheek your
answers against the key.
Dia10g D.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
This is a niee
what is
?
1 waited for for 10 minutes.
There is a on the shelf over there.
What' s now?
My watch .......................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KEY
B.
C.
D.
1 3 4 5 10 11 12 20 21 13 14 16 19
13 14 15 16 19 1 2 3 17 4 5 6 11 12 20 21
3. my wife
1.sehool
2. this
4. the Helsinki phone book
5. the time
8
.
elassroom
newspaper
9.
on
the
table
10.
past
6. is fast
7.
11-4
1. jakso
A. Tm on mukava luokka.
B. Niin minustakin.
kaunis nkala.
A. Niin on.
kerros.
T on
Sequence 1
A. This is a nice classroom.
Tlt on
Tm on seitsems
Joo, t on seittems
A. Yes, it iso
f loor."
M tiedn.
2. jakso
A. Mik tuo on?
Sequence 2
A. what's that?
B. Se on Helsingin kartta.
Se on Hesan kartta.
Joo, tuolla
Hesan
3. jakso
A. Ent mik lehti tm on?
Sequence 3
A. And what newspaper is this7
B. Se on suomalainen sanomalehti,
Helsingin Sanomat.
Hesari.
Joo, se on tossa
pydll. Ja tsson
.
M ootin
.
II-5
tm
tuo
Ask for and provide information about the pictures and your classroom by substituting with the
words below.
tuo
tm on
Mik
suomeksi?
englanniksi?
that
What is this in
Minklainen/millainen se on?
Minkmaalainen hn on7
Finnish?
English?
what is it like?
What nationality is he?
Se on kyn.
It is a pen/pencil.
It is goode
Se on hyv.
Hn on-SUmalainen. He/she ia Finnish.
II
17
12
19
14
II
[J
...
t(imlA
ta. iS .
tuo
tuo~sa
24
3E}
23
/
DY/ldI/IWJ!Jf{J1J
22
'tJ ~e)2
1. kyn
2. kuppi
3. lasi
4. kirja
5. Suomen lippu
6. lehti
7. pyt
8. tuoli
9. kirjahylly
10. Suomen kartta
11. taulu
12 kello
13. lamppu
14. kalenteri
15. juliste
16. ovi
17. sein
18. katto
19. ikkuna
20. kukka
21. lattia
22. matto
23. kaappi
lUtufor free on livelingua.com
24. Hosted
..................
Mun kello seisoo.
Sequence 4
A. What's the time (lit., the clock)
now. My watch has stopped.
5. jakso
A. Voi, minun piti soittaa kotiin
yhdelt.
Voi, mun
yhelt.
Sequence 5
A. Oh, I was supposed to call home
at one.
yks.
A. Oletteko varma?
Ootteks te varma?
Joo, teillon
sit m en 00
Mun vaimo
ei pits
6. jakso
B. Muuten, minulla on kysymys.
Mihin aikaan koulu alkaa?
Muuten, mullon
Mihis
yhekslt
..................
Sequence 6
B. By the way, I have a question.
At what time does school
begin?
A. It begins at nine and ends usually
at four. Today is only half a day
vain puol
II-7
Ask for and provide information about the time, according to your watch.
Mit kello on?
paljonko kello on?
Anteeksi, tiedttek,
mit kello on?
------------------------------------------------------------------------~
Kello on
Kello on
Kello on
Kello on
Kello on
kaksi.
{ puoli kolme.
neljnnest
viitttoista
(varttia) .
yli/vaille kolme.
It's
a quarter
fifteen
a quarter
s{~~~e
kymmenen
viisi
yli nelj.
{ kaksikymment
It'
kymment
viitt
vailla/vaille viisi.
{ kahtakymment
It' s
edell.
oikeassa.
{ jljess.
The clock is
'Vuorokausi' i8
(J
HelIdn ....lllUUde'
II'18'U
past/of
three.
past four.
twenty
ten
five
{ twenty
of five.
fast.
{ right.
slow.
24 hours.
18.30 UUTISET
IlUO KITARAN MESTAREITA
John W1nlams SfJIllaA modernia IIllarlllTltJsllklda. UU91n1a.
19.05 LAATIKKO
KanadalalllGO anlmaaUoelokuva.
19.15 KIEUTELEVlSIO
S'Rrt. Uuslnlana. IAhelellAIiA englannin peruskurssi aikuisille. Osa
1/111: Are You Engaged1 TlIOIanlo
-Ruotsin R.do Ja Klellenopelu9. Opplklrja Slart 3.
19.30 TLT IKUISUUTEEN (MTV)
vllhleelllnen
Jossa
opelusohjelrna!IBrj;I,
Tuotanto BBC.
~Irja
Songs AI-
'19.
II-8
HEARING IT II
Dialog A. Play the taped dialog.
three times.
Onko se lhell?
Ei se kovin kaukana ole.
Tarvitsetteko mitn postista?
Kiitos, en tll kertaa. Kyn siell
itse yhdelt.
DO this at least
that~
II-9
Dialog A.
Dia10g B.
Look at the Finnish text. P1ay scrambled dialog B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds
after each sentence. Hark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check
your anBwer against the key.
Dia10g C.
Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay scramb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds
after each sentence. Hark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this
time mark the Eng1ish. Check your answers against the key.
Dia10g D.
Where's the
1t
1 s i t ......................
7.
8.
9.
10.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KEY
B.
C.
D.
11 12 15 16 1 2 5 6 3 4 7 8 13 14 18 19
5 4 1 6 7 8 3 7 8 4 13 14 11 12 15 16 18 19 20 17
1. men's room 2. over there on the other side of the street 3. far
4. near 5. the course 6. long 7. the school 8. nine 9. phone 10. left
1. jakso
A. Miss puhelin on?
Voinko soittaa tlt?
Voinks
8. jakso
A. Ent miss miestenhuone on?
B. Se on tuolla suoraan edesspin
vasemmalla.
9. jakso
A. Minulla on asiaa postiin.
Miss posti on?
Sequence 7
A. Where's the phone?
Can 1 call from here?
B.
Sequence 8
A. And where is the menls room?
Mulla on
.
.
.
B.
Sequence 9
A. 1 have some things to do
at the post office. Wherels
the post office?
B. Itls over there on the other
side of the street.
A. Onko se lhell?
Onks se
A.
Is it near?
00.
B.
10. jakso
A. Tarvitsetteko mitn postista?
Tarttetteks te
Sequence 10
A. Do you need anything from
the post office?
B.
II-ll
YleiSPuhelin on?
puhelinkoppi on?
{ puhelinkioski on?
Where's the
Se on
kytvss.
ala-aulassa.
{ tss kerroksessa.
It's
PUblie phone?
phone booth?
{ phone booth?
in the hallway.
in the lobby.
{
on this floor.
Miss
naistenhuone
miestenhuone
vessa/veesee
kylpyhuone
on?
Where's the
Anteeksi,
Exeuse me,
NAISILLE
MIEHILLE
DAMER
HERRAR
11. jakso
A. Kuinka pitk kurssi teill
on]
B. se kest 44 viikkoa.
..neljkytnelj viikkoo.
B. Jt lasts 44 weeks.
M oon opiskellu
12. jakso
A. Ent mit pidtte koulusta]
Sequence 12
A. And how do you like school]
B. Minusta se on mukava.
Musta se on mukava.
A. Niin minustakin.
Niin mustakin.
13. jakso
A. No, mihin aikaan tulette
kotiin illalla]
Sequence 13
A. Well, what time do you get
(lit., come) home in the evening]
kuuelta
aikasemmin.
Musta se
.......................
Joo,
B. Well it certainly is
on~
tuutte
that~
II-13
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
Ask for and provide information about your school day, using these
think of.
va~iations
L UK UJ R J E S T Y S
SCHEDULE OF CLASSES
sha~p.
11-14
UEARING IT III
Cover the Finnish text and follow the English. Do this at least
II-15
Dialog A.
Dialog B.
Look at the Finnish text. Play scrarnbled dialog B, stopping after each sentence.
Mark down in which arder you heard the Finnish sentences. Check your answer against the
key.
Dialog C.
Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay scrambled dia10g C, stopping after each sentence.
Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this time mark the Eng1isb.
Check your answers against the key.
Dialog D.
Listen to tape D and write down the missing word(s) in the blanks.
work against the key.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answer
the teacher.
7. What did the teacher ?
8 what the teacher wants.
9 . 1esson three.
10 lesson two.
6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KEY
B.
C.
D.
7 6 5 4 8 9 11 13 16 17 14 20 21 22
16 17 18 14 12 19 15 21 20 2 3 8 9 10 4 7 6 5
1. end 2. sharp 3. understand, help 4. at nine sharp 5. me 6. ask
8. 1 don't know 9. listen to the tape 10. read at home
2
11
13
1 22
7. say
II-16
14. jakso
A. Kuunnelkaa tarkasti ja toistakaa
yhdess.
yhess.
Sequence 14
A. Listen carefully and repeat
together.
Anteeks, m en kuullu.
yks
Vastaa mulle! M en
--mit ope
C.
B. Kysy hnelt.
Kysy silt.
B. Ask her.
C. 1 don't know
Finnish.
B. Kysy englanniksi.
englanniks.
B. Ask in English
B. Anteeksi, en kuullut.
hitaammin.
c. Mit opettaja sanoi?
ymmrr.
Puhukaa
En
APUA~
~ow
to ask in
Answer~:
M en tajuu mitn
00 hiljaa~
hepreaks.
B. Se quiet!
1 care:
.
Aukaskaa
kirjat
HELP!
A. As you wish.
Well, alI right. Open your books
to page 5 and listen to lesson 2
on the tape. Read lesson 3 at
home.
II-17
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
opettajalta.
oppilaalta
hnelt.
Pekalta.
Kenelle vastaan?
Vastatkaa
opettajalle.
oppilaalle .
{ hnelle.
the teacher.
the student.
{ him/her.
page
word
chapter
paragraph
sentence
letter
alphabet
syllable
vowel
consonant
avotavu
umpitavu
vahva aste
heikkO aste
astevaihtelu
alhaalla
keskell
ylhll
nauha
harjoitus
open syllable
closed syllable
strong grade
weak grade
consonant gradation
down, below
in the middle
up, above
tape
exercise, drill
You are standing in front of the Helsinki raiIway station. Use questions Iike these to find your
way to the place of your choice. Ask similar questions when you are at a different Iocation.
Anteeksi, voitteko sanoa
miss lhin pankki on?
Anteeksi, voisitteko neuvoa tien postiin?
Miss tll on hyv ravintola?
Se on
aamulehti.
viikkolehti
kuvalehti.
pi vlehti.
iltalehti.
It's
Se on
It's
lehti.
tanpalvan
'eilinen
, .. I
".",~
'
~_
"-.
~-I
..
: . ,
; . _
'.
A('
b;?~-I IIUFVUDS!~_~~,~-':A.~_~.~
"~~~';~l SUOMENMAA .
c':::--:-"
/>
04 1
9
tm
~~i -
1}1~~11UIl
s'lo~mNSOSIJ\lAIII!~IOIUlJ\t\'I'I'1
Kansan
Uutiset
.. _... _............
...... _-- "f _ _-_
Su
~:g.
-
--
'1IIIUIlnl.ll
. .... ',ili,;
IC 0T1MAA
paper.
~1'1l1l.1
H\i
the Sunday
today's
(colloq.)
{ yesterday's
a morning paper.
a weekly paper.
a magazine.
a daily paper.
an evening paper.
.,~
. - * - " . " - - ; - - - - - _ . _ - - - - - _ - .
ILTA-SANOMAT
aikakauslehti?
naistenlehti?
{ lastenlehti?
amma t t ileht i?
18 this a
periOdiCal?
.
women's magazine?
{ children's magazine?
professional magazine?
Ei, se on sanomalehti.
Minusta se on mukava
lehti.
I think it's a
nice paper
Niin minustakin.
Ei minusta.
So do 1.
I don't think so.
i'~;'
11-21
Ilo
.:l 0
II
COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
1.
Turn back ta p. 11-6. Listen ta the tape and identify the picture by number
when you hear the name af the object spoken.
2.
Look at the picture on p. 11-6 and listen to the statements from 1-20 on the tape.
Write your answer in the box on the p. 11-6 "and compare it with the key on the next page.
3.
Keep on listening and identify the question, circling the correct one like this:
(9
B.
4.
Mik?
Miss?
1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A
5 A
6 A
B
7 A
B
8 A
9 A
10 A
11
12
13
14 A
15 A
a)
b)
c)
d)
II-22
5.
a)
b)
e)
d)
e)
f)
7.
right
right
to the right
straight ahead
straight ahead
to the right
left
left
to the
on the
on the
to the
left
other side
other side
left
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
--------------------------------------------------------------------KEY
1.
15
2.
1 F
14 T
3.
23
19
2 F
15 T
2 A
1 8
15 A
3 T
16 F
3 A
4.
a) 7.45
b) 9.30
5.
aA
cB
6.
8.30
7.
aF
b8
,8.50
bF
4
4
dT
e) 8-9
eB
24
6 T
19 F
5 T
18 T
6 8
5 A
21
17 F
dA
15
eT
d)
7 A
14
7 F
20 F
8 A
10
8
9 8
12
17
9 T
10
10 A
20
F
llA
2
11 T
12 8
18
12
138
22
16
13F
148
12-1
fA
8
eT
II-23
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
8.
Listen to the short conversation and make a iist of the newspapers and magazines the family
subscribes to:
Daily paper
9.
Weekly magazine
Women's magazines
Others
061
The time is
1)
5) "
10.
..................
..................
3)
4)
7)
8)
.............. ....
11.
2)
6)
Ends at
Lunch hour ia at
Listen to the short conversation and make a list of alI the places, buiidings, and offices
the speakers see through the window.
Places
Buildings
Offices
Compare your list with those of your feilow students and check your answers for exercises 8-11 against
the text in App. VI.
II-24
PUNCTION PRACTICES.
1.
Pind out
what alI the things in your vicinity are in Finnish
where alI the things are
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
11-25
raitiovaunu
5
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
READING EXERCISE
Translate this with the help of the glossary.
Hei, Maija:
(Hiljaisuus)
Mik sinua oikein vaivaa?
Ei mikn.
Miksi olet vihainen minulle?
En min ole vihainen
Olethan. Mit nyt on tapahtunut? sano nyt.
NO, olisit itsekin vihainen, jos olisit
odottanut tunnin kamalassa sateessa.
Etk tied, mit kello on?
Totta kai, 2.30. Onko minun kelloni jljess?
Kai se oikeassa on, mutta puoli kahdeltahan
meidn piti tavata~
'
1.
Se kuuluukivikuntaan. ~ ~
It's a mineral.
r~
2.
Se kuuluu kasvikuntaan.
It's a vegetable.
3.
onko se koulussa?
on/Ei ole.
Onko se pydll?
on/Ei ole.
Onko se kirja?
on/Ei ole.
l'
Se kuuluu elinkuntaan.
It's on onimo!,
~~
II-26
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
UNIT II
STRUCTURAL NOTES
II-A
Mik tm on1
Mik tuo on?
Se on Helsingin kartta.
Demonstrative pronouns:
tm
this
tuo
that
se
it
II-B
~ll on perhett1
pronoun~;
kuka
who
(nom.)
(gen.)
(aec.)
(part.)
(iness. )
(elat. )
kuka
kenen
kenet
ket
keness/kess
kenest/kest
illative
adessive
ablative
allative
translative
essive
(illat.)
(adess.)
(ablat. )
(allat.)
(transl~)
(ess.)
keneen/kehen
kenell/kell
kenelt/keH
kenelle/kelle
keneksi
kenen/ken
II-27
II-C
HOW TO EXPRESS THE DEFINITE -the' AND INDEFINITE -a,- -an,- -there is, there is not
... -
Word order expresses the definite and indefinite qualities of a singular subject in so called
'exiatence sentences' when the subject is a 'countable noun' (for 'mass nouns,' see 111-8 and for
plural -there are ,- see VI-E).
Affirmative
How to ask an indefinite question:
Where is -a something- inverted word order
Tuossa on Time.
There is a Time right
t~ere.
Se on aseman lhell.
1t's near the station.
Se on tuolla.
1t's over there.
Se on tuossa.
1t's right there.
On, se on minulla.
Yes, it's with me (1 have it).
Negative
lf you can think of -there is none, there aren't any, 1 (you, etc.) don't have any,- the
Finnish subject changes into partitive after 'ei ole,' both in the singular and plural (see VI-D).
Note:
Tll on kartta.
Tll ei ole karttaa.
Minulla on kirja.
Minulla ei ole kirja~.
1 have a book.
1 don't have a book.
If you cannot think of someone doesn't have any or -there is no ,- the Finnish subject
does not change into partitive even if the structure of the sentence looks identical
to the above sentences.
Minulla on kylm.
Minulla ei ole kylm.
l'm cold.
I'm not cold.
II-D
NOMINATIVE SINGULAR
BASIC FORM
Poika on kotona.
Mies on tyss.
How to find
the uninflected form of a nominal does not have an ending, is listed in the dictionary and also
in the block of words in each unit of this book
When to use
generally the subject of a sentence is in the nominative case
answers the question 'kuka,"mik,' who, what
11-29
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11-E
NOM1NAT1VE PLURAL
Dow to form
take the genitive form of the word (see genitive in 11-F below, and in the ehart of nominal
deelensions (eND, App. 111)
replaee the genitive ending -n with -l, whieh is the plural nominative ending
poika
poja-n
poja-l
boy
mies
miehe-n
miehe-t
man
tytr
tyttre-n
tyttte-l
daughter
When to use
the subjeet of a sentenee is generally in the nominative
the total objeet in plural is in the nominative (see objeet eases in 111-E)
answers the question 'ketk,"mitk ' "who, what" in plural
Note:
The nom. plo is identieal to the nom. sg. when a possessive suffix follows (see I1-P).
Poikani tulee.
Poikani tulevat.
11-F
-n
1.
Tm on Pekah auto.
Tnn on Bobin syntympiv.
2.
Se on
3.
4.
5.
Helsingi~
sanomat.
Dow to form
add the genitive ending -n to the stern
the stern is most often in the weak grade, since -n closes the syllable
Pekka
Pe-kan
Pekkals
katu
ka-dun
streetls
kuppi
kU-Ei~
cupls
in foreign words ending in a consonant, -i- is added before the gen. ending
(or any other ending)
The stern and the genitive forms for alI types of words are given in the eND, App. 111. The numbers
after each word in the word block in each unit refer to this chart, which provides you with a
pattern of how to form each case. Itls a good idea to get used to the charts.
When to use
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lexicalization note:
Ranskan armeija
the French Army (i.e., the army of France)
Saksan kansalainen
a German citizen (a citizen of Germany)
saksalainen auto
a German car
suomen opettaja
a Finnish teacher (i.e., a
suomalainen opettaja
a Finnish teacher (i.e., a teacher who
is Finnish)
-t~acher
of Finnish)
11-31
II-G
There are three sets of locative cases indicating both internal and external location.
AlI instructions for locative cases are for the singular (for the plural, see VI-B, VII-C).
Let 1 s have a look at them~
Motion to
No motion
MoHon from
-(h)vn
vowel+n)
taloon
into the house
-sta/-st
talosta
from the house
>
-ssa/-ss
talossa
in the house
-lle
-lla/-ll
-!ta/-It
pydlle
pydll
pydlt
on the table
-ksi/-kse
Maijan luokse/luo
to Maijals place
-na/-n
Maijan luona
at Maijals(place)
-ta/-t, -a/-
Maijan luota
from Maijals (place)
II-32
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II-H
INESSIVE
-ssa/-ss
Toistakaa yhdess.
Repeat together.
He ovat Amerikassa.
How to form
replace the genitive ending -n with -ssa/-ss, according to vowel harmony,
(look up the genitive form in the 2nd column in the eND, App. 111)
P-7
When to use
corresponds to the preposition
answers the question 'miss'
is used with non-motion verbs
Note:
The other locative cases which end in two consonants plus a vowel (-sta/-st, -lla/-ll,
-lIe, -lta/-lt, -ksi/-kse) are formed in the same way as the genitive, i.e., attach
the ending to the genitive stern.
11-33
II-I
ELATIVE
-sta/-st
Kansasista.
From Kansas.
Pidn kahvista.
l like coffee.
Minusta se on mukava.
l think it is nice.
How to form:
-sta/-st
(see ll-F)
When to use
corresponds to the prepositions from, out of, about
answers the questions 'mist' from/about what, from where, 'kenest'
about whom
with certain verbs: 'pit' to like, to be fond of
to express the idea -l think/in my opinion 'minusta,' in your opinion
'sinusta,'etc.
Note:
like coffee.
l keep coffee at home.
Puhun Suomesta.
Puhun suomea.
Minusta se on kallis.
Minulle se on kallis.
II-J
ILLATIVE
-into-
-(h)Vn
Kyk sisn:
Mihin
- - aikaan
-- tulette kotiin?
Menk suoraan eteenpin~
Menen tyhn.
now to form
always calls for the strong grade stern (see the CND, App. 111;
the ending depends on the last sounds of the strong grade stern
the last sounds and the endings are the following:
one vowel: -Vn
ilta-an
evening
(V
kaunii-seen
beautiful
mi-hin
where to
tiu-hun
20 eggs
kaksi - kah-teen
two
When to use
corresponds to the preposition "(in)to"
answers the question 'mihin/minne' "where to," 'keneen/kehen' "(in)to whom"
with certain verbs: 'uskoa' "to believe, to trust"
the illative stern is also used with the possessive suffix 1n six cases (see II-B)
II-35
ADESSIVE
II-K
-lla/-ll
th~
-on-
genitive stern
+ -lla/-ll
(see II-F)
When to use
generally expresses the idea of the prepositions Won, by, (and with)W
answers the question 'mill' won/with what,W 'miss' wwhere, W 'kenell (on)' wwho has"
to express Wto have w 'minulla on' WI have W (I-E)
II-L
ABLATIVE
-lta/-lt
-lta/-lt
(see II-F)
When to use
corresponds to the preposition wfrom w (lit., from the outside of)
answers the questions 'kenelt' Wfrom whom,w 'milt' Wfrom which,w 'mist' Wfrom where
with time expressions Wat W (the full or half hour)
with verbs that denote asking, hearing, receiving, taking, buying or getting something
from someone
kysy
kuulla
ask
hear
wone person expressions w
tuntuu
i t feels
nytt
it seems
ottaa vastaan
receive
maistuu
i t tastes
ottaa
take
kuuluu
it sounds
ostaa
buy
saada minulta
get from me
tuoksuu hyvlt
it smells good
II-36
II-M
ALLATIVE
-lIe
Kntyk oikealle.
Pekka menee Puistokadulle.
Vastaa minulle.
Soitan lapsille.
Answer me.
1'11 call the children.
Dow to form:
+ -lIe
(see II-F)
When to use
corresponds to the preposition -to, on(to), (for)answers the questions 'kenelle' -to whom,- 'mille' to what,
with verbs that indicate giving or telling something to someone
vastata
sanoa
puhua
opettaa
soittaa
antaa
answer
say
speak
teach
phone
give
II-N
'minne/mihin'
where to-
Kysyn opettajalta.
1'11 ask the teacher.
Vastaan hnelle.
1'11 answer hirn.
Vastaan puhelimeen.
1'11 answer the phone.
Soitan Liisalie.
1'11 call Liisa.
11-37
Kirjoitan sinulle.
Illl write to you.
Kirjoitan lhetystn.
1 1 11 write to the embassy.
Meill on hissi.
We have an elevator.
Talossa on hissi.
The house has an elevator.
Meill on presidentti.
We have a president.
II-J8
11-0
Generally speaking, the verb determines which case to use. The so-called 'motion verbs,' which
indicate movement to or from, in or out, on or off, are used with the respective case. Certain
non-motion verbs may take the same cases. The best way is to memorize each verb with its required case
ending(s). The bookmarker (App. 111), which lists the different forms of 'jokin' something, has
been designed to he lp you shortcut this process.
Here are some of the most common verbs with their respective case endings.
Motion to
'minne'
where to
Allative
-Vn
KAUPPA
I!I
J[]'=~
(L
pankki
posti
koulu
hotelli
talo
koti
puisto
Suomi
bank
post office
school
hotel
house
home
park
Finland
kvelee
ajaa
juoksee
tulee
saapuu
lhtee
j
-lle
asema
katu
koulu
yliopisto
tie
station
street
school
university
road
II-39
No motion
'miss'
where
-ssa/-ss1
Adessive
Pekka on kaupassa.
Pekka TS in the-Btor.e.
~D-[IJ
..."
r '---- '"1
Pekka on Stockmannilla.
Pekka ia at Stockmann's.
(on the premises)
on
ky
asuu
tekee tyt
opiskelee
KAUPPA
f-
-lla/-ll
is
visits
livea
works
studies
i&.
pankki
posti
hotelli
talo
puisto
Suomi
koulu
bank
post office
hotel
house
park
Finland
school
asema
katu
tie
koulu
yliopisto
station
street
road
school
university
II-40
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Motion from
'mist'
-from where-
Ablative
-sta/-st
lhtee
kvelee
ajaa
juoksee
tulee
pankki
posti
hotelli
talo
puisto
Suomi
koulu
Note:
hank
post office
hotel
house
park
Finland
school
-lta/-lt
leaves
walks
drives
runs
comes
6TaCKM~NH
on 00 000 000
00 00 0 00 000
A~
asema
katu
tie
koulu
yliopisto
00
station
street
road
school
university
YoU can use more than one case with the same verb, depending on the direction of the
movement and on the part of the location that is being focused on.
Pekka tulee kauppaan.
Pekka tulee kaupasta.
II-41
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II-P
Possessive suffixes:
(poss. suff.)
-nl
-si
-nsa/-ns, -Vn
-mme
-nne
-nsa/-ns, -Vn
our
your
their
2.
1 like my son.
1 like our daughter.
Poja-lla-ni on auto.
Tyttre-ll-nne on auto.
nom.
nom./acc. } in .ingula,
. gen.
gen./acc.
nom.
nom./acc.
the stern is always in the strong grade, e.g., the illative stern
no case endings
add the poss. suff. to the illative stern
l
~
1n plural
Tm on poika-nL
Tm on poika.
This is my san.
This is a san, bay.
Tm on tyttre-ni.
Tm on tytr.
This is my daughter.
This is a daughter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nom./acc.
Tavatkaa poika-mme.
Tavatkaa poika.
Tavatkaa tyttre-mme.
Tavatkaa tytr.
gen.
gen./acc.
1
1
1
1
Plural
nom.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nom./acc.
1
1
1
1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.
-n
be~ore
Uskon poika-an.
Uskon poika-a-ni.
1
1
Uskon tyttre-en.
Uskon tyttre-e-ni.
1
1
II-43
4.
Hn pit poja-sta-an.
-nsa
Soitan hnen poja-lle-er.
-nsa
Pidn Pekkaa hnen poika-na-an.
-nsa
Luulin Pekkaa hnen poja-kse-en.
-nsa
Note:
-Vn
1t cannot be
ADVERBS OF PLACE
Se on tuossa pydll.
Is Helsinki in Finland?
Yes, it is (there).
How to form:
There are two factors that affect your choice of the adverb of place:
11-44
Motion to
No motion
Motion from
Small area
thn
tuohon
siihen
mihin
tss
tuossa
siin
miss
tst
tuosta
siit
mist
(right) here
(right) there
(right) there (previously mentioned)
where
Large area
tnne
tuonne
sinne
minne
tll
tuolla
siell
miss
tlt
tuolta
sielt
mist
here
there
there (previously mentioned)
where
Note:
'mist'
'mihin'
and 'miss' are used to indicate both small and large areas, while
is preferred for small areas and 'minne' for large areas
TUO
TM
THAT
THIS
TST
TUOSTA
TUOLTA
TNNE
SE
IT(THE)
SIIHEN
--+-tIl~
SINNE---I~
SIELT
SIELL'.A:
II-45
When to use
1.
1n a question as well as in an answer, the case of the adverb is determined by the size
of the area and motion to and from.
Miss koulu on?
Se on tll (Arlingtonissa).
Se on tss.
Se on tuolla.
Se on tuossa.
Mihin panette
Pankaa se
Pankaa se
Pankaa se
Where will
Put it
Put it
Put it
kirjan?
thn.
tuohon.
siihen (pydlle).
3.
The adverbs derived from 'se' (siell, sielt, etc.) are used mainly in answers to
-ko/-k questions, in which a place has already been indicated.
Panetteko sen pydlle? .
Panen sen siihen.
Onko se pydll?
On, se on siin.
1s it on the table?
Yes, it's right there.
Tuletteko suomesta?
Tulen sielt.
Onko hn Helsingiss
On, hn on siell.
1s he in Helsinki?
Yes, he i8 there.
Il-R
NUMERALS
Cardinal numbers
yksi
kaksi
kolme
nelj
viisi
kuusi
seitsemn
kahdeksan
yhdeksn
kymmenen
1
2
3
4
yksitoista
(one of the seeond ten)
kaksitoista
jne.
kaksikymment
20
21
kaksikymmentyksi
30
kolmekymment
sata
100
101
satayksi
200
kaksisataa
1000
tuhat
2000
kaksituhatta
miljoona
1,000,000
2,000,000
kaksi miljoona~
1,000,000,000
miljardi
5,000,000,000
viisimiljardi.!
11
12
ete.
5
6
7
8
9
10
How to form
kymment is the partitive of kymmenen -10, therefore
sataa
sata
100 - ,
tuhatta
tuhat
-1000,
kaksikymment
kaksisataa
kaksituhatta
-two tens
-two hundredstwo thousands-
"ben to use
1. the noun following a number ia always in the aingular
kolmekymment markkaa
thirty marks
II-47
2.
3.
when a cardinal number precedes a noun which is either a subject or a total objeet
in the sentence, the noun is in the part. sg. case
Kolme poikaa kvelee kadulla.
Ostan kolme kirjaa.
Meill on kolme lasta.
4.
when a number + noun is. the sUbject, the verb of the sentence i8 in the singular, unless
a demonstrative pronoun or some other defining word precedes the number
Kolme poikaa kvelee kadulla.
Kaikki kolme poikaa kvelevt kadulla.
5.
the deelined forms of cardinal numbers are given on the next page
Ordinal numbers:
Fractional numbers:
XI-A
see XI-A
Numbers as nouns
ykknen
kakkonen
kolmonen
nelonen
vi(i)tonen
ku(u)tonen
one
two
three
four
five
six
seitsikka/o, seiska
kahdeksikko/kasi
yhdeksikk/ysi
kymppi
satanen
tonni
seven
eight
nine
ten
hundred
thousand
the ones ending in -nen inflect like other words ending in -nen, see t 25 in CNO
'kahdeksikko' follows t 15 in CNO and 'kymppi' t 6 in CNO
Tulen nelosen ratikalla.
Se maksoi kympin.
Se maksoi kymppitonnin.
Cardinal numbers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nom.
gen.
part.
illat.
part. plo
gen. plo
CNO
yksi
yhden
yht
yhteen
yksi
yksien
( 13)
kaksi
kahden
kahta
kahteen
kaksia
kaksien
(13 )
kolme
kolmen
kolmea
kolmeen
kolmia
kolmien
nelj
neljn
nelj
neljn
nelji
neljien
(3)
viisi
viiden
viitt
viiteen
viisi
viisien
(10)
kuusi
kuuden
kuutta
kuuteen
kuusia
kuusien
(10)
seitsemn
seitsemn
seitsem
seitsemn
seitsemi
seitsemien
( 28)
kahdeksan
kahdeksan
kahdeksaa
kahdeksaan
kahdeksia
kahdeksien
( 28)
yhdeksn
yhdeksn
yhdeks
yhdeksn
yhdeksi
yhdeksien
( 28 )
10
kymmenen
kymmenen
kymment
kymmeneen
kymmeni
kymmenien
11
yksitoista
yhdentoista
yhttoista
yhteentoista
12
kaksitoista kahdentoista
kahtatoista kahteentoista
sata
sadan
sataa
sataan
satoja
satojen
tuhat
tuhannen
tuhatta
tuhanteen
tuhansia
tuhansien
100
1000
( 1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II-49
11-8
Go straight ahead.
Kntyk oikealle.
Dow to form
find the basic dictionary form, i.e., first infinitive of the verb,
which is also the first form in the list of conjugational types of verbs (CTV), App. 111
remove the 1 infinitive ending -a/-, -da/-d or, if the verb ends in
-sta/-st, -lla/-ll, -nna/-nn, -rra/-rr, remove correspondingly
-ta/-t,
~la/-l,
-na/-n,
-ra/-r
add -kaa/-k to this stern
istu-a
istu-kaa:
to sit
sit:
teh-d
teh-k:
to do
do:
men-n
men-k!
to go
go!
ol-la
ol-kaa:
to be
be:
nous-ta
nous-kaa!"
to rise
rise:
pur-ra
pur-kaa:
to bite
bite:
-t-a/-t-,
retain
-t-,
vastat-a
vastat-kaa:
to answer
answer:
tavat.;.,a
tavat-kaa:
to meet
meet:
avat-a
avat-kaa:
to open
open:
luvat-a
luvat-kaa!
to promise
promise:
When to use:
II-50
UNIT 111
alcohol
appetizer
ashtray
beer
blood
bread
bread plate
breakfast
butter
butter dish
buttermilk
cake
cake spatula
casserole
ehoeolate
cigar
cigarrette
eoffee bread
eoffee pot
eookie
eream
ereamer
crisp bread
cup
dessert
dinner
doc tor
drink
alkoholi (6)
alkupalat (1) plo
tuhkakuppi (6)
olut (37),
kalja (1)
veri (9)
leip (2)
leiplautanen (25)
aamiainen (25)
fish
food
fork
frying pan,
ski11et
glass
guest
herring
hors-d'oeuvre
voi (17)
voiastia (4)
piim (2)
kakku (15)
kakkulapio (16)
laatikko (12)
suklaa (19)
sikari (7)
savuke (5),
tupakka (4)
kahvileip (2)
kahvipannu (15)
pikkuleip (2)
kerma (1)
kerma-astia (4)
nkkileip (2)
kuppi (6)
jlkiruoka (2)
host
hostess
hunger
iee
iee eream
juice
knife
lid
long drink
milk
paneake
pivllinen (25)
lkri (7)
juoma (2),
juominen (25)
party
pepper
pipe
piteher
plate
platter
potato
roast
rolling pin
Substantii veja
kala (l)
ruoka (2)
haarukka (4)
paistinpannu (15)
lasi (6)
vieras (30)
silli (6)
pikkulmmin (27)
isnt (3)
emnt (3)
nlk (2)
j (18)
jtel (16)
mehu (15)
veitsi (8)
kansi (11)
lonkero (16)
maito (15)
ohukainen (25),
pannukakku (15)
kutsut (15) plo
pippuri (7)
piippu (15)
kannu (15)
lautanen (25)
tarjoiluvati (6)
peruna (4)
paisti (6)
kaulin (23)
rush
rutabaga
rye
kiire (5)
lanttu (15)
ruis (31)
salad bowl
salt
sandwieh
sauce boat
salaattikulho (15)
suola (1)
voileip (2)
kastikeastia (4)
sauce pan
saucer
'shot'
smoking
soda water
soup bowl
soup ladle
spoon
stomach
sugar
sugar dish
supper
table napkin
tablespoon
tea
teaspoon
thirst
tobaceo
kattila (4)
teevati (6)
ryyppy (15)
tupakointi (6)
vichyvesi (10)
liemikulho (15)
liemikauha (1)
lusikka (4)
vatsa (1)
sokeri (7)
sokeriastia (4)
illallinen (25)
lautasliina (1)
ruokalusikka (4)
tee (18)
teelusikka (4)
jano (15)
tupakka (4)
tray
vanilla
visit
water
tarjotin (23)
vanilja (4)
kynti (6)
vesi (10)
111-1
Verbs
be able
cool off
dare
drink
eat
forbid
know how
jaksaa (1)
jhty (8)
uskaltaa (3)
juoda (10)
syd (10)
kielt (3)
osata (18)
want to have,
want to do
may, might
offer
prefer
smoke
stand on
ceremony
haluta (17)
tai taa (3)
tarjota (17)
(see: rather)
polttaa (2),
tupakoida (9)
kursailla
Adjectives
allergic
beautiful
better
black
cold
allerginen ( 25)
kaunis (30)
parempi (14)
musta ( 2)
kylm ( 2)
dreadful
dry
excellent
hot
interesting
difficult
delicious
vaikea (20)
herkull inen ( 25)
last
vastaan
vhn
ensin
lis
no way:
of course
oh:
or
suffice
suit
take
taste
use
visit
riitt (2)
sopia (7)
ottaa (2)
maistaa (1) tr.,
maistua (8) intr.
kytt (2)
kyd (11)
want
haluta (17)
nice, fun
nonalcoholic
sa t i sft ed
some ki.nd of
special,
strange
warm
kiva (1)
alkoholiton (24)
kyll.i.nen (25)
jonkinlainen. (25)
erikoinen (25)
Adjektiiveja
lmmin (27)
ei milln
tietysti
voi:
tai, vai
Pronouns
1 nothing
(13)
kauhea ( 20)
kuiva ( 2)
erinomainen ( 25)
kuuma ( 2)
mielenkiintoinen ( 25) ,
jnn ( 2)
viimeinen (25)
Verbej
rather
that
then
mieluummin
ett
sitten
pronomineja
ei mitn
III-2
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
HEARING IT 1
Dialog A.
times.
Play dialog A.
III-3
Dia10g A.
Dia10g B.
Look at the Finnish text. P1ay scrarnb1ed dia10g B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check your
answers against the key.
Dia10g C.
Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay scrarnb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order. you heard the Finnish sentences, but this
tirne mark the Eng1ish. check your answers against the key.
Dia10g C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
... is served.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Thanks, 1 .........
------------------T-------------------------------------------------------------------------------KEY
B.
c.
D.
7
20
17
18
19
15
12
1
8
11
3
13
14
8
10
6
2
12
13
3
9
11
17
1
4
5
7
5 tea
2 drink
3 co1d, even water
4 soda water
1 Mr.
10 had sorne a1ready
9 coffee bread
8 hors d'oeuvres
18
14
6 tea
2
15
16
7 prefer
20
21
III-4
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coctailkutsut
A = emnt/isnt
B/C/D
1.
A.
jakso
Mit saisi olla, rouva Virtanen?
B.
saisinks m
A.
Ent mits
A.
c.
Onks teill
C.
A.
tsson
A.
2.
A.
jakso
Ent herra Butler, mit
haluaisitte?
mits te
sequence 2
A. And Mr. Butler, what
would you like (to have)1
D.
.saisinks m
A.
D.
A.
Ja vhn pikkulmpimi,
olkaa hyv.
vieras
B/C/D
= guest
Sequence 1
A. Mrs. Virtanen, what would you
like (to have)?
B. Could I have a dry martini,
please?
D.
Meill olis
A.
D.
A.
Mull
on
.
.
111-5
Act out sequences l and 2 and find out what your fellow students would like to have, using
this interaction with variations of your choice.
Mit
Saisinko
saisi olla?
saa olla?
haluaisi tte?
joisitte?
ottaisitte?
ji t lasiin?
kylm vett?
lasin mehua?
Could 1 get
like to have?
like to have?
like (lit., want)?
drink?
take?
some ice in the 91ass?
some cold water?
a glass of juice?
KIlT05, EH t<'IT
JANO?
ALKOHOl.IA .
Who's thirsty?
1 1 m thirsty.
Kahvikutsut
Coffee party
3.
A.
jakso
Olkaa hyv ja ottakaat
Kahvi on pydss.
B.
A.
sequence 3
A. Please help yourself (lit., take).
Coffee is served (lit., in the table).
4.
C.
jakso
Kiitos, min en juo kahvia.
Kiitos, m en
sequence 4
C. Thank you, 1 don't drink coffee.
A.
Joisitteks te.
A.
C.
C.
5.
A.
jakso
Kytttek sokeria ja kermaa?
Kyttteks te.
sequence 5
A. DO you use sugar and cream?
B.
Joo, sokeria,
mut m en
B.
A.
Mkin
A.
Really:
6.
A.
jakso
saanko tarjota pullaa? Oletteko
maistanut voileipkakkua?
saanks m
Ootteks te
Sequence 6
A. May I offer some coffee bread? Have you
tasted the layered sandwich cake?
C.
Joo, m sin
C.
.
.
.
.
-..
.
B.
A.
II 1-7
1
kahvia vai teet?
Would you
drink
like to have
take
like to have
Kytttek
Haluatteko
Otatteko
Do you
sokeria?
Kiitos, kyll.
Kiitos, ei.
use
want
take
coffee or tea?
sugar?
Yes, please.
No, thanks.
1II-8
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HEARING IT II
Dialog A.
Play dialog A.
times.
CONNECTING SOUND AND WRITTEN FORM. Play dialog A again, but this time follow
the'Finnish text. Do this at least three times.
III-9
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Dialog B.
Look at the Finnish text. Play scrambled dialog B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds
after each sentence. Hark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences.
Check your answer against the key.
Dialog C.
Look at the English text. Play scrambled dialog C, stopping after each sentence
for 5 or 10 seconds. Hark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences but
this time mark the English. Check your answer against the key.
Dialog D.
2.
3.
4.
May I
5.
6.
It tastes
Would you like to have 1
7.
Here 1s
May I ?
8.
KEY
B.
C.
D.
Check your
.............................................
10.
2. -3
6
1
18
16
17
2
1 coffee
12
1
13
10
16
19
17
18
8 . 5
6
11
7
12
14
15
13
4
3 new potatoes, herring
4 taste rutabaga casserole
roast
7 kind of home brew
9 af course
5 rather peculiar
6 beer
8 smoke
10 ashtray
19
II 1-10
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Dinner party
7.
A.
jakso
Olkaa hyv ja kyk pytn.
Ruoka on pydss.
B.
Voi, kuinka
B.
A.
A.
8.
A.
jakso
Haluaisitteko maistaa silli ja
uusia perunoita?
..
.
Haluaisitteks
te
B.
A.
.
Saaks olla
B.
mutt ei
mun vatsalIe
9.
A.
jakso
Ent haluaisitteko maistaa
kotikaljaa?
haluaisi tteks
te .......
B.
Mit se on?
A.
Se on jonkinlaista olutta.
Siin ei ole alkoholia.
.. ei
B.
jonkunlaista
Sequence 7
A. Please sit down at the table.
The meal is served.
sequence 8
A. Would you like to taste some
herrlng and new potatoes?
B.
A.
B.
Sequence 9
A. And would you like to taste
home brew?
B.
What's that?
A.
B.
00
III-ll
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Comment, ask, and provide information about various foods and dishes.
Tm
1
1
paisti
leip
on hyv.
Mit
paistia
leip se on?
roast
is goode
bread
cake
iee eream
What
ast
bread is it?
ro
cake
iee eream
Se on
~~~~u~
....
Jaa e oa
~~~:\
Jaa e 0..
This
silakkapitsaa?
veriohukaisia?
mmmi?
lipekalaa?
It
is
"kar j alanpaistia.
ruisleip.
maustekakkua.
vaniljajtel.
Kiitos ei,
herring pizza?
blood pancakes?
No thanks,
mmmi?
dried eodfish (lit., lyefish)?
Aet out sequenee 9, and praetiee this exehange with your fellow students.
Saisiko olla
Saisinko
viiH?
pilsneri?
{
kiisseli?
Mit se on?
Se on jonkinlaista
viili?
pilsneri?
{ kiisseli ?
What is it?
It
voita?
Olkaa hyv.
leip?
{ suolaa ja
pippuria?
is kind of
butter,
bread,
{ salt and
pepper,
please?
piim.
olutta.
{ jlkiruokaa.
buttermilk.
beer.
{
dessert.
Here you are.
lII-12
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10. jakso
A. No, milt kalja maistuu?
B.
En osaa sanoa.
erikoiselta.
B.
ll.
jakso
Kiitos ruuasta.
Sequence II
B. Thanks for the food.
A.
Hauska, ett
tykksitte
12.
jakso
Saisinko polttaa?
Saisinks m
A.
Me vaan
ei itse polteta.
A.
B.
Si t
on
mkn
B.
A.
A.
B.
B.
Se maistuu aika
A.
can't say.
strange.
It tastes rather
sequence 12
B. May 1 smoke?
1TUPAKOITSIJOILLE
FOR SMOKERS
TUPAKOINTI KIELLETTY
SMOKING PROHIBITED
ITOPAKOIKATTOMILLB
FOR NON-SMOKERS
III-13
tuntuu?
nytt?
{ maistuu?
kuulostaa?
feel?
How
look (seem)?
does i t { taste?
sound?
erinomaiselta.
oikein hyvlt.
{ erikoiselta.
kamalalta.
Vaikea sanoa.
Se maistuu
excellent.
very good.
{ strange.
dreadfuL
Hard to say.
1t tastes
00 you smoke?
No, thanks
COMMON EXPRESS10NS
sopiiko, jos poltan?
Saako tll polttaa?
Saako tll tupakoida?
Palaako?
Saako olla savuke?
Haluatteko tupakan?
00 you smoke?
Kiitos ei.
Would you care for a cigarette?
Kii tos kyll.
00 you want a cigarette?
Kiitos, minulla on
omat savukkeet.
Kiitos, poltan vain piippua.
But, of course.
Unfortunately not.
Smoking is prohibited.
No thanks.
Yes, please.
Thanks, 1 have
my own cigarettes.
Thanks, 1 smoke only a pipe.
III-14
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RUOKAlLUVXLINEET
1. Praetiee these
words until you
ean identify the
objeet by its
Finnish name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
lautanen
veitsi
haarukka
jlkiruokalusikka
ruokalusikka
teelusikka
maitolasi
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16
17.
18.
19
20.
21.
lautaslUna
. 1eiplautanen
salaattikulho
voiastia
kannu
tarjoiluvati
kastikemalja
22.
23
24.
25.
26
27.
28.
29.
pata
kulho
kahvipannu
sokeriastia
kerma-astia
juustohyl
maljakko
kattila
kansi
liemikulho
teevati
paistinpannu
tarjotin
kaulin
kahvikuppi
----------------------------------------~-------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
2.
Listen to the tape and identify the objeet by the number when you hear the word .
A
1II-15
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COHPREHENSION EXERCISES
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4.
alcoholic
glass of juice
host
drinks
eats
tastes
nonalcoholic
glass of soda
hostess
doesn't drink
doesn't eat
doesn't taste
Continue listening and choose the appropriate category for your answer.
1
A.
B.
C.
5.
accepts
declines
expresses hesitation
Participation exercise
There are three participants (hostess, Mrs. Saari, Mr. Virtanen) in the following dialog.
Act first the role of Mr. Virtanen, who wants coffee and uses only sugar. The second time
around, act the role of Mrs. saari, who conveys the information to the hostess.
DICTATION
Listen to the dialog for repetition of sequences 10-12 and write them down.
writing with the text on p. 111-13 and correct it, if necessary.
KEY
2.
3.
4.
A29
lB
lC
81
2A
28
C25
D2
E4
F22
68
38
48
5A
3A
58
68
48
G12
H17
127
J3
K16
Compare your
L20
III-16
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FUNCTI0N PRACTICES.
l~
2.
Find out
what
at a
what
what
Look at the cartoon. Use your imagination and invent different conversations between the characters
Write them down and report them ta the class, indicating who is speaking.
111-17
3.
Use the expressions you have learnt so far for table rnanners
offer rnore/accept/decline/explain why/express hesitation
4.
Ask your fellow students' opinions and express your own about Finnish and American food
5.
Ask your neighbor at the dinner table to pass the salt, sugar, pepper, etc.
and offer the sarne to hirn/her
6.
~yv'
and
'Kiitos't
111-18
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READING
Translate this with the help of the glossary.
Kuule, Matti, muistitko panna snapsit jihin ja avata viinipullon?
Tehty on. Onko pyt jo katettu?
Totta kai. Panin sen sinivalkoisen Marimekko-liinan ja sinisen Arabia-astiaston, Suomen vrit.
Mit kello on? Kunpa he nyt tulisivat, ennenkuin paisti on pilalla.
Otin sen jo uunista. Siellhn Linda ja Larry jo tulevatkint
No, mene sin avaamaan ovi ja sulje Musti kellariin:
Voi, Matti, minne se Musti nyt juoksee, ja mik sill on suuss~?
Ota se kiinni:
- Liian myhist. Sinne meni paistit
-
CULTURAL POINTS
Rather than dinners, Finns serve coffee and give coffee parties. It's considered impolite to
refuse a second cup and even a third, or at least half a third cup when the hostess offers it.
Finns always serve coffee when you just drop in.
They expect to be served likewise when they drop
in. When you go to a Finnish home as a dinner guest, take an ~dd number (1,3,5, or 7) of cut
flowers for your hostess. Flower shops are open at night just for this purpose.
Kukkia talon emnnlle:
After the party you may phone your hostess or host and say
Kiitos viimeisest:
or tell her/him if you think you are going to meet her/him soon.
for a dinner.
111-19
UN1T 1II
STRUCTURAL NOTES
III-A
PARTITIVE SINGULAR
-a/-, -ta/-t
-some,
part of-
Good day.
Would you like some coffee?
1 waited for the elevator for 10 minutes.
The coffee is hot.
1 would drink (some) tea.
Well, if there's some beer.
Hyvi@ piv!.
Saako olla kahvia?
Odotin hissi 10 minuuttia.
Kahvi on kuumaa.
Juon teet.
No, jos on olutta.
Dow to form
Partitive ending
+ -a/-
hyv-
kahvi-a
hissi-
piv-
kuuma-a
good
coffee
elevator
day
hot
-a/- or
-ta/-t
lattia-af-ta
keitti-/-t
radio-af-ta
floor
kitchen
radio
-ta/-t
tee-t
olut-ta
kaunis-ta
voi-ta
pahin-ta
tea
beer
beautiful
butter
worst
-e
+ -tta/-tt
perhe-tt
kappale-tta
family
paragraph, piece
II1-20
When to use
1.
2.
in greetings
Mit kuuluu?
Hyv
- huomenta:
-
3.
En halua auto.!.
4.
5.
6.
rakastaa
ihailla
halveksia
odottaa
hirit
to love
to admire
to despise
vihata
kadehtia
inhota
to hate
to envy
to detest
to watch
to listen
to think
harjoitella
opiskella
valmistella
to practice
to study
to prepare
to wait for
to disturb
auttaa
katsoa
to help
to look at
7.
B.
9.
in general, if there is any doubt or uncertainty about the outcome of the action
Odotan postia Amerikasta.
I'm waiting for somemail from America.
Note:
If the outcome is certain, the total object (gen./acc. or nom./acc.) should be used.
Odotan posti~, ennenkuin lhden. 1'11 wait for themail before 1 leave.
UI-2l
III-B
A.
Mik tm on?
What is this?
A.
B.
'on'
Mit tm on?
What is this?
Se on lasi.
It's .! glass.
Se on vett.
It's water.
Se on pullo.
It's~bottle.
Se on olutta .
It's beer.
Se on kakku.
It's a cake.
Se on kakkua.
It's cake.
B.
Lasi on uusi.
--The glass
is new.
Vesi on kylm.
(The) water is cold.
pullo on hyv.
The bottle is goode
olut on hyv.
(The) beer is goode
Kakku on her~ullinen.
The cake is delicious.
Kakku on herkullista.
(The) cake is delicious.
Suomi on kaunis.
Finland is beautiful.
Suomi on kaunista.
Finnish is beautiful.
III-22
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COHPARE A TO B
A
nominative
a single objeet or thing
a countable noun
Different
Refer to
Denote
Article in English
Predicate noun
predicate adjective
Answers question
with
in nominative
in nominative
mik
minklainen/millain~
partitive
a substanee or material
food, material, etc., names of
languages
without
in partitive
in partitive
mit
minklaista/millaista
Alike
As a subjeet of a sentence, when it indicatea a defined quantity
olut on kylm!.
onko lasi puhdas7
III-C
1.
2.
nominative
The"beer ia eold.
IS the glasa clean7
generally there is no ehange in the predieate noun or adjeetive when either ia negated
Tm on auto.
Tm ei ole auto.
This is a car.
This is not a ear.
Tuo on kahvia.
TUO ei ole kihvia.
That's eoffee.
That's not coffee.
Se on kuuma (pullo).
se ei ole kuuma (pullo).
the noun
III-23
III-D
ACCUSATIVE
Kenet tapaat?
Tunnen hnet.
Tunnen Pekan.
Ostan talon.
Ostakaa auto:
How to form
1.
Pekka tuntee
2.
Pekka knows
3.
-t
or
me.
you.
him/her.
us.
you (pl./polite form).
them
'nominative-like' aeeusative
(nom./ace.)
know Pekka.
will buy a car.
Buy a ear:
1
(see II-E)
When to use
only as a total objeet
(see III-E)
III-24
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III-E
DIRECT OBJECT
1.
2.
3.
Tunnen hnet.
1 know
4.
Otin jo voileipkakkua.
Saisinko vett.
5.
him~
The underlined words above are the objeet of the sentenee. In English they are ealled direet
objeets beeause they are direetly affeeted by the aetion of the verb. In Finnish the objeet is
either total (1,2,3), or partial (4,5).
Tota! objeet
Part1a! objeet
Ostan leivn.
1 1 11 buy th~ bread.
Ostan leip!.
1 1 11 buy some bread.
Luen lehden.
1 1 11 read a/the paper.
Luen lehte.
1 am reading a/the paper.
111-25
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How to form and when to use the total objeet in an affirmative sentenee:
the aetion of the verb affeets the objeet entirely
the action is complete
always in the accusative for whieh ~here are three forms
1.
gen./aee. sg. or
the same ending
Luen lehden.
2.
nom./ace. or 'nominative-like':
use only in the following struetures
a) with 1st and 2nd person imperative,
Lue lehti, Pekka~
Lukekaa lehti, pojat~
Lukekaamme lehti~
e.g., commands
Read the paper, Pekka~
Read the paper, boys~
Let's read the paper~ (high style, see XIV-G)
infinitive
with
'tytyy/pit/tulee'
"must/have to"
(see V-A)
"who"
see III-D
III-26
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Dow to form and when to use the total objeet in a negative sentenee
both the partial and total objeet are always in the partitive
1 won't read the paper.
Don't read the paper~
The paper won't be read.
Papers won't be read.
En lue lehte.
l lue, leht~!~
Lehte ei lueta.
Lehti ei lueta.
Note:
are regular.
'kuka'
minua.
sinua.
hnt.
meit.
teit/Teit.
heit.
-
III-F
Mill kadulla
Onko se tll
Ei ole, se on
Toimistoni on
'MIKX'
me.
you (6g.).
him/her.
us.
you (pl. and polite).
them.
posti on?
kadulla?
tuolla kadulla.
mys sill kadulla.
Dow ta form
the genitive ease is formed by attaehing the genitive ending
tm-Q, se-n but mi-nk
-n
to the nominative
----------------------------------------------------~- ---------------------------------------------
nom.
gen.
part.
iness.
elat.
illat.
adess.
ablat.
allat.
essive
transL
what/which
this
that
it/the
mik
mink
mit
miss
mist
mihin
mill
milt
mille
min
miksi
tm
tmn
tt
tss
tst
thn
tll
tlt
tlle
tn
tksi
tuo
tuon
tuota
tuossa
tuosta
tuohon
tuolla
tuolta
tuolle
tuona
tuoksi
se
sen
sit
siin
siit
siihen
sill
silt
sille
sin
siksi
When to use
to agree with case and number of the following noun
to answer the question 'mik + a noun' "what/which
Lexicalization note:
a)
'se'
"it/the"
-ko/-k
question
Do you like that house.
r like it (the house that was mentioned).
Is it in that kiosk that currency is exchanged?
Yes (in it).
when you refer back to a noun that has already been mentioned
Haluaisin tuota kahvia.
Minkin otan sit.
c)
a noun"
b)
when followed by a relative clause, e.g. 'se joka ' "the one who/that/which " (X-Dl
Se, joka asuu Suomessa, puhuu suomea.
III-G
Saanko esitell?
Hauska tavata.
Voinko soittaa tlt?
Haluaisitteko maistaa pytkaljaa?
May 1 introduce?
Nice to meet you.
Can 1 call from here?
Would you like to taste "table" beer?
How to form
in English, "to" usually precedes the verb to indicate infinitive
in Finnish there are different endings:
Note:
1.
-a/-
2.
-da/-d
to taste
to li ve/to reside
juo-da
voi-da
saa-da
vie-d
sy-d
to
to
to
to
to
3. -ta/-t
Note:
maista-a
asu-a
after
-8
drink
be able to, can
get
take
eat
-1/-r/-o
tul-la
pan-na
pur-ra
esitel-l
kuunnel-la
opiskel-la
to
to
to
to
to
to
noua-ta
pes-t
to get up
ta wash
(this is
come
put
bite
introduce
listen
study
only
-a/-
luvat-a
tavat-a
III-29
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When to use
1.
saada
voida
pit/tyty
Saanko polttaa?
Voimmeko tavata huomenna?
Minun pit nyt menn.
Teidn tytyy puhua hitaammin.
2.
May 1 smoke?
Can we meet tomorrow?
1 must go now.
You must speak slower.
haluta
alkaa
muistaa
unohtaa
osata
tiet
to
to
to
to
to
to
want, to like to
begin
remember
forget
know how
know
+ a noun or an adjectlve
It's time to leave.
1 think it's niee to study.
It's good to know languages.
On aika lhte.
Minusta on mukava opiskella.
On hy~ osata kieli.
4.
to be allowed, may
to be able to, ean
must
-kse-
+ poss. suff.
Win order to ~
(see XIII-A)
Tulla-kse-ni opettajaksi
5.
tulle-ssa-nl
(see XIII-B)
III-30
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III-H
Haw Ta FIND THE STEM aF A VERB IN aRDER Ta CaNJUGATE IT
(conjugation = pcesent tense with the pecsona1 ending)
study the chact of the Conjugationa1 Types of Vecbs, CTV, App. 111
stact with the ficst infinitive of the vecb, i.e., the dictionary focrn
the stern is deterrnined by a cornbination of the 1 infinitive ending and the preceding sound
CTV
Type
1.
1 - 8
CTV
Type
9 - 11
+ -a/-
a vowe1
aja-a
aja-n
hn aja-a
anta-a
anna-n
hn anta-a
2.
a vowe1
to dcive
drive
he/she drives
oppi-a
opi-n
hn oppi-i
to give
give
he/5he gives
1hte-
lhde-n
hn lhte-e
to 1eave
1 leave
he/she 1eaves
to learn
learn
he learns
+ -da/-d
to eat
1 eat
he/she eats
saa-da
saa-n
hn saa
saa-n
1 get
he/she gets
III-31
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3.
eTV
Type
12-16
CTV
Type
CTV
Type
OI
assimi1ated
-la/-l
-ra/-r
-na/-n
or
tu1-1a
tu1-e-n
hn tu1-e-e
1 corne
nh-d
n-e-n
hn nk-e-e
4.
a vowel
he/she comes
nous-ta
nous-e-n
hn nous-e-e
to see
I see
he/she sees
teh-d
te-e-n
hn tek-e-e
-a/-;
-u,
-0
to get up
get up
he/she gets up
to do/to make
do/I rnake
he/she does/makes
+ -t-a/-t-
the stern is the 1 infinitive minus -tpossible changes caused by the consonant gradation
17-18
Note:
a consonant + -da/-d
+ -ta/-t
-8
pa1a-t-a
pala-a-n
hn pa1a-a
to return
return
he/she returns
halu-t-a
halu-a-n
hn ha1u-a-a
to want
want
he/she wants
tava-t-a
tapa-a-n
hn tapa-a
to rneet
rneet
he/she rneets
1
when the stern for this type of verb ends in -aa/-, there is no personaI ending
for the sg. 3rd person
5.
19
vali-t-a
vali-t-se-n
hn vali -t-se-e
to choose
1 choose
he/she chooses
tarvi-t-a
tarvi-t-se-n
hn tarvi-t-se-e
to need
1 need
he/she needs
II 1-32
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eTV
Type
6.
20
vaie-t-a
vaike-ne-n
hn vaike-ne-e
to keep quiet
I keep quiet
he/she keeps quiet
-t-a/-t-
vanhe-t-a
vanhe-ne-n
hn vanhe-ne-e
ol-kaa hyv:
istu-kaa
sit~
2.
ol-lut
istu-nut
ymmrt-nyt
nous-sut
been
sat
understood
risen
3.
myy-dn
ol-laan
nous-taan
pel-tn
is sold
one is
is risen
is feared
4.
ymmrt-ne-n
sano-ne-t
1 may understand
you may say
1.
f 9-20
be good (please):
III-33
III-I
se on hyv ala.
Mill alalla te olette?
When to use
1.
2.
there are some exceptional adjectives that do not agree with the noun
joka
every
eri
different
viime
last
ensi
next
koko
entire, whole
Note:
There is a difference in meaning when a longer form of these adjectives is used which
agrees with the noun.
eri autosta.
Puhun -- erilaisesta autosta.
Olen
Jokaise~ paika~
Joka
paika~
on kiire.
III-34
III-J
1.
2.
NOMINALS ENOING IN
-i
most frequently -i
suomi
kieli
lapsi
2.
-i does not generally change in recent loan words in the singular (see 6 and 7
in the CNO, App. 111)
nom.
changes into -e in the singular stern (see 8 in the CNO, App. 111)
suome-n
Finnish
kiele-n
language, tongue
lapse-n
child
gen.
hotelli
hotelli-n
hissi
hissi-n
diplomaatti diplomaati-n
lasi
lasi-n
tuoli
tuoli-n
pankki
panki-n
kuppi
kupi-n
kaappi
kaapi-n
iti
idi-n
,kodi-n
koti
Note:
part.
iness.
hotelli-a
hissi-
diplomaatti-a
lasi-a
tuoli-a
pankki-a
kuppi-a
kaappi-a
iti-
koti-a
hotell i -ssa
hissi-ss
diplomaati-ssa
lasi-ssa
tuoli-ssa
panki-ssa
kupi-ssa
kaapi-ss.a
idi-ss
kodi-ssa
hotel
elevator
diplomat
glass
chair
bank
cup
cupboard
mother
home
some words (where -i normally changes into -el, -e in the end of the stern
drops off in partitive sg. (see 9 in the CNO, App. 111).
I~
pieni
suuri
tuuli
tuli
kieli
saari
piene-'-n
suure-n
tuule-n
tule-n
kiele-n
saare-n
pien-t
suur-ta
tuul-ta
tul-ta
kiel-t
saar-ta
piene-ss
suure-ssa
tuule-ssa
tule-ssa
kiele-ss
saare-ssa
small
big
wind
fire
tongue, language
island
1II-35
III-K
NOMINALS ENDING IN
-81
Vesi on kylm.
Saisinko vett?
se on uusi auto.
Ostan uuden auton.
1.
Note:
-s
with
with
-i
-t-e-
and
(see
..
* 10
nom.
gen.
part.
ine8s.
illat.
uusi
ksi
vuosi
kausi
kuukausi
vuorokausi
viisi
kuusi
tosi
vesi
uuden
kden
vuoden
kauden
kuukauden
vuorokauden
viiden
kuuden
toden
veden
uutta
ktt
vuotta
kautta
kuukautta
vuorokautta
viitt
kuutta
totta
vett
uudessa
kdess
vuodessa
kaudessa
kuukaudessa
vuorokaudessa
viidess
kuudessa
todessa
vedess
uuteen
kteen
vuoteen
kauteen
kuukauteen
vuorokauteen
viiteen
kuuteen
toteen
veteen
new
hand
year
period, season
month
day and night
five
six
true
water
The consonant gradation pattern for 'vesi' follows its historical antecedent form, 'veti'.
see
11 and
lnsi
lapsi
yhden
kahden
* 12 in the CND
lnnen
lapsen
yht
kahta
yhdess
kahdessa
yhteen
kahteen
one
two
lntt
lasta
lnness
lapsessa
lnteen
lapseen
west
child
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III-36
III-L
NOHINALS ENOING IN
-el
Osoite' on Puistokatu.
Tss on osoitteeni.
Note:
2.
-e
nom.
gen.
part.
ineaa.
illat.
osoite'
kappale'
osoitteen
kappaleen
osoitetta
kappaletta
osoitteessa
kappaleessa
osoitteeseen
kappaleeseen
addresa
paragraph, pieee
Words ending in -e used to end in a eonsonant whieh explains the weak grade in the
nominative and partitive:
the eonsonant gradation seems to work in the opposite way to normal
the glottal stop is not normally marked in Finnish, but here it ealls your attention
to double sound of the consonant after -e
you also hear the glttal stop before the following vowel (see P-5)
nom.
gen.
part.
ineaa.
illat.
taide'
sade'
rae'
taiteen
sateen
rakeen
taidetta
sadetta
raetta
taiteessa
sateessa
rakeessa
taiteeseen
sateeseen
rakeeseen
art
rain
hail
kolmeen
nalleen
aleen
three
teddy bear
sale
kolmen
nallen
alen
kolmea
nallea
alea
kolmeasa
nallesaa
alessa
III-37
TAKING STOCK
Stop, take deep breath and write down, considering the types of context you have deaIt with thus far:
111-38
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UNIT IV
RUPATTELUA
SHALL TALK
Nouns
onnettomuus (35),
turma (2),
vahinko (15),
kolari (7)
lentokone (5)
airplane
(polku)pyr (2)
bicycle
bussi (6)
bus
auto* (15)
car
autoporukka (4)
carpool
center
keskusta (1)
kirkko (15)
church
clear weather
pouta (2)
vri (6)
color
konsertti (6)
concert
kohteliaisuus (33)
compliment
vallankaappaus (32)
coup d'etat
maa (18)
country
Danish language tanska (1)
maanjristys (32)
earthquake
tulivuoreneruption of
purkaus (32)
volcano
rjhdys (32)
explosion
sormi (B)
finger
jalka (1)
foot
accident
Substantiiveja
German language
hijacking
Italian language
language
lecture
matter
metro
model
movies
news
nonsense
Norwegian
language
opera
period of
24 hours
pity
president
price
radio
radio play
Russian language
revolution
season
saksa (1)
lentokaappaus (32)
italia (4)
kieli (9)
luento (15)
asia (4)
metro (15)
malli (6)
elokuvat (2) plo
uutiset (25) plo
soopa (2)
norja (2)
ooppera (4)
vuorokausi (10)
vahinko (15)
presidentt i (6)
hinta (1)
radio (15)
kuunnelma (3)
venj (3)
vallankumous (32)
kausi (10)
size
sleep
snow
Spanish language
speech
store
streetcar
sun
television
test
theater
thriller
traffic
train
trip
vacation
Volkswagen
weather
weather
forecast
wreck,heap
year
koko (15)
uni (B)
lumi** (9)
espanja (4)
puhe (5)
kauppa (1)
raitiovaunu (15)
aurinko (15)
televisio (15),
teevee (18),
telkkari (7)
koe (5)
teatteri (7)
jnnitysfilmi (6)
liikenne (5)
juna (2)
matka (1)
loma (2)
volkkar i (7)
(colloq. )
s (18), ilma (1)
stiedotus (32)
romu (15)
vuosi (10)
IV-l
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Verbej
Verbs
buy
be on familiar
terms
care to do
disturb
drive
feel sleepy
feel tired
feel like
yawn.ing
ostaa (2)
s.inutella
(14)
viitsi (7)
hirit (19)
ajaa (1)
nukuttaa (2)
vsytt (2)
haukottaa (2)
find
flow
happen
intend
interrupt
kid
look at
look for
rain
lyt (3)
su jua (8)
tapahtua (8)
aikoa (8)
keskeytt (2)
narrata (18)
katsoa (8)
etsi (7)
sataa (1)
Adjecti ves
boeing
dark blue
easy
entire
fast
green
ikv (3)
grey
tummans.ininen (25) impossible
helppo (15)
last
koko (undecl.)
nopea (20)
modern
v.ihre (20)
according to
after
already
as, like
at all
by alI means
by the way
(gen. +) mukaan
(gen. 4 +) pst
jo
kuin
ollenkaan
kaik.in mokom.in
muuten
toissapivn
~ven
edes
nopeasti
sujuvasti
jalan
tai
Pronouns
anybody
anything
kukaan
mitn, mikn
every
something
next
orange
other
pink
slow
suitable
ensi (undecl.)
oranssi (6)
toinen (25)
vaaleanpunainen (25)
hidas (30)
sopi va (3)
day before
yesterday
fast
fluently
on foot
or
w~tch
vuokrata (18)
nhd (12)
nukkua (8)
puhua (8)
uida (9)
ajatella (14)
heitt (2)
katsella (14)
Adjektii veja
harmaa (19)
mahdoton (24)
viime (undecl.),
viimeinen (25)
uudenaikainen(25),
moderni (6)
rent
see
sleep
speak
swim
think
throw
stHl
well
when
why
yesterday
yet
unfortunately
yh, viel
kas
kun
miksi.
eilen
viel
valitettavasti
Pronomineja
joka (undecl.)
jotain, jotakin
IV-2
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HEARING IT
DialogA.
Do th1s at least
oluelle?
10. Miks siin.
l'm Liisa.
2. l'm Larry.
3. How are you (familiar)?
4. Not too bad. And yourself?
beer~
Mennn vain.
ilma~
lV-3
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Dia10g A.
P1ay the taped dialog again and follow the Finnish text.
Dia10g B.
Look at the Finnish text. Play scramb1ed dialog 8 stopping, for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check your
answers against the key.
Dia10g C. Look at the English text. Play scrarnbled dialog C, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this tirne rnark
the Eng1ish. Check your work against the key.
Dia10g D.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
drive only .
Couldn' t we
. ?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KEY
B.
C.
D.
9 10 11 12 15 16 18 5 6 7 8 9
2 5 7 8 6 11 9 10 13 14 19 17 18
1 fluently 2 compliment 3 speak 4 understand
8 quick1y 9 traffic 10 use farniliar forrn
3
5 fine
6 every day
7 l' m not
IV-4
SMALL TALK
Practice these sentences. Then act them out, substituting for the underlined words and expressions.
1. jakso
A. Emmek voisi sinutella?
Min olen Liisa.
Eiks me voitas ?
M oon
Sequence 1
A. Can't we use -sin- with each
other? 1 1 m Liisa.
M oon Larry
B 1 I
sulle ?
B. Siinhn se menee.
Ent itsellesi?
Ent sulle?
m La r ry
2. jakso
A. Kas vain, sinhn puhut
jo hyvin suomea.
shn
B. Kiitos kohteliaisuudesta,
mutta en aina edes
ymmrr sit.
mut m en aina
3. jakso
A. Min en osaa englantia
ollenkaan. Lapset kyll
puhuvat sit sujuvasti.
M en
Lapset kyll puhuu
sequence 3
A. 1 don't know English at alI.
The children speak it fluently.
B. l puhu soopaa:
Hienostihan sinkin puhut.
4. jakso
A. Kuule, mits arvelet jos
mentisiin oluelle?
B. Miks siin:
Mennn vain:
.. suomee.
.
.
.
skin .
.
ments
.
?
Sequence 2
A. Oh, you do speak Finnish well
already
B. Don't"talk nansense:
You speak fine, too.
sequence 4
A. Listen, how about going
for a been
B. O.K. Let's go:
IV-5
Act out sequence 1 for dropping the titles, using these variations. From now on you will be on a
first-name basis with your fellow students and your teacher. Remember to use the familiar
form of the verb:
Emmek voisi sinutella?
Tehdn sinunkaupat!
Heitetn tittelit pois, min olen Maija.
Sinuteilaan nyt vain, min olen Pekka.
Couldn't we use
Let's call each
Let's throw out
Let's just call
"sin?"
other "sin."
the titles, I'm Maija.
each other "sin," I'm Pekka.
narraa~
l nyt:
laske leikki:
puhu palturia:
puhu pty:
viitsi!
syt pajunkytt:
Miksips ei?
Sopi ihan se.
Sehn kiva.
Why not?
That's O.K. Valitettavasti
That's nice.
ei nyt sovi.
minulla on kiire. Unfortunately
mulla on kiire.
t I'm busy.
IV-6
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SHALL TALK
Practice these sentences. Then act them out, substituting for the underlined words and expressions.
5. jakso
A. Onpa tnn kaunis
ilma~
Joo, ja ..
'!
nopeesti.
6. jakso
Joo M ajan
7. jakso
A. Minklainen auto sinulla on?
B. Vanha romu. Ajoi; kolarin
viime viikolla.
A.
Eihn~
Mik vahinko!
aan
M ajoin .
.
Anteeks, ett m
..
sequence 5
A. It sure i8 beautiful weather
today~
sequence 7
A. What kind of a car do you have?
B. An old heap.
week.
A. Oh,
no~
What a pity!
IV-7
Accordin9 to the
weather forecast,
television,
TV,
it will
TV (colloq.),
newspaper,
Act out sequences 6 and 7, seek and provide information like this.
KUinka}
Miten
tulet tyhn?
Mill
Tulen
metrolla.
bussilla.
raitiovaunulla.
junalla.
pyrll.
jalan.
1 come by
~~~::
be fair.
be sunny.
be niee.
Metro.
bus.
streetcar.
train.
bike.
foot.
IV-8
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HEARING IT II
Dialog A.
CONNECTING SOUND AND SPELLING. Play the taped dialog again and follow the Finnish
text. Do this at least three times.
IV-9
Dia10g B.
Look at the Finnish text. P1ay scramb1ed dia10g B, stopping after each sentence
for 5 or 10 seconds. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences.
Check your answers against the kel':.
Dia10g C.
Dia10g D.
Listen to the dia10g D and write the missing word(s) in the b1anks.
against the key.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
lO~
KEY
What has .. ?
We were 100king for at the weekend.
Did you find ?
It's difficult ta find
We'll go ta .........................
1 watched 1ate into the night.
1 1istened to on the radio.
I f eel
.
was no goode
Did you find . ?
3 4 7 8 5 6 1 2 15 16
5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 happened 2 season tickets 3 place to live 4 apartment 5 rent
7 concert 8 tired 9 thril1er 10 place to live, downtown
9
10
c. 1
11
11
B.
D.
15
16
6 variety program
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV-lO
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SHALL TALK
Praetiee these sentenees. Then aet them out, substituting for the underlined words and expressions.
8. jakso
A. No, mit on tapahtunut?
Miten viikonloppu meni?
Me kytiin
Meillon
9. jakso
B. Ent mit te teitte
viikonloppuna?
..
Sequenee 9
B. And what did you do during the
weekend?
Me kytiin
Me etsitn
10. jakso
B. No, lysittek huoneiston?
No, lysitteks te
A. Emme viel.
sopivaa.
On vaikea lyt
Ei viel.
..
On vaikee
Sequenee 8
A. well, what's happened?
How did your weekend go?
Aiotteks te
Ei me tiedet viel.
Me mennn
IV-ll
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matka
loma
{ koe
meni?
Lhi-idss on tapahtunut
vallankaappaus
lentokaappaus
junaonnettomuus
autoturma
rjhdys
tulivuorenpurkaus
Kiitos, hyvin.
vallankumous.
maanjristys.
{ lento-onnettomuus.
trip?
holiday?
{
exam?
A revolution
There's been
There's been
accident
Fine, thanks.
coup d'etat
airplane hijacking
train accident
car accident
explosion
eruption of a volcano
Ask for and provide information about your past and future activities, using this model.
Mit te teitte
Kvimme
eilen?
toissapivn?
perjantai-iltana?
sunnuntaina?
elokuvissa.
kirkopsa.
{ kaupassa.
teatterissa.
We went to (the)
Miss te
kvitte?
Kvimme
juomassa
etsimss.
{ ostamassa
olutta.
Minne te
menette?
Menemme
etsimn
ostamaan
{ vuokraamaan
asuntoa.
Where are
you going?
yesterday?
the day before yesterday?
Friday
night1
{
on Sunday?
movies.
church.
{ store.
theater.
look for beer.
{~~
to buy beer.
drink beer.
We went
to look for
We are
to buy
going { to rent
an apartment.
IV-12
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SMALL TALK
Practice these sentences.
Then act them out, substituting for the underlined words and expressions.
11. jakso .
A. Kyll minua sitten vsytt:
Kyll mua
Sequence 11
A. 1 1 m so tired:
B. How come, didn't you sleep well?
katoin telkkaria
.......................
Sequence 12
B. Well, what was on?
Nitk
A. Some thriller.
No, olikse ?
M en ,. kun
IU~ .,...
.:t:-::' _ ... _AI
I
1't'''I'' "'i
' .... - k...; ' ..
OI:3QQOOOO
IV-13
Use these variations for substitution in sequenee 11 and think up a reason why you are tired.
Nukuttaako }
Haukottaako
sinua?
Vsyttk
nukuttaa.
Minua
h~ukot~~a.
{ vasyttaa.
En saanut unta,
koska
Do you feel
sleepy?
like yawning?
{ tired?
nukuta.
{Sleepy.
1 feel
l~ke yawning.
tlred.
Ei
h~uko~a.
{ vasyta.
1 don't feel
sleepy.
like yawning.
{ tired.
Aet out sequence 12, using these variations and providing others of your own.
villin.l~nen e~okuva.
Joku
modernl naytelma.
ooppera.
TV-sarja.
Kuuntelin
luentoa.
musiikkia.
presidentin puhetta.
{ kuunnelmaa.
esitelm.
Some
western.
modern play.
{ opera.
TV-series.
1 listened to
an aeademie leeture.
musie.
the President's speeeh.
a radio play.
a publie leeture,
a paper.
IV-14
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COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
1. Listen to the story on the tape and check the box tor the correct imp1ied answer.
Characters: Maija and Lasse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2. Listen to the story on the tape and check 'the box for the correct answer.
1.
3. Listen to the captions on the tape and then write them in each bubble.
IV-15
OTTO
KALLE
4.
1. came
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
5.
KEY
his son
the US ambassador to Finland
a revolu tion
according to the paper
on the moon
falr
. went
his family
the Finnish ambassador to the USA
coup d'etat
according to the radio
this month
it rains
Listen to the words on the tape, stop the tape after each pair and write them down.
Check your answers against the key below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
lF
2T
3F
4F
5F
lF
2F
3F
4T
5F
see texts for comprehension, App. VI
lA
28
38
4A
68
58
7A
kaappaus
kaupassa
kumous koulussa
jristys
sinulle
pyrll
saada
jristys
sinutella
kahvi
kaappi
ystv
vuoden
uuden
istukaa
rjhdys
ollut
olutta
sataa
aikoa
aikaan
jnnitys
IV-16
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6.
Listen to the story on the tape and check the box for the correct answer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7. Listen to the story on the tape and check the box for the correct answer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
KEY
1-+----1
6.
7.
1T
1T
2T
2T
3F
3F
4F
4T
5T
5T
IV-17
FUNCTION PRACTICES.
1. 'Sin' agreement
make the formal 'sin' agreement with your feIIow student/teacher
use the famiIiar form in conversation
suggest 'sin' agreement between your spouse and a friend of yours with whom you use the
famiIiar form
2. Languages and other skills
find out which languages your feIIow students speak/understand/Iike te speak
find out which skills your feIIow students command, e.g., whether they can swim, drive, or
speak Finnish
compliment his/her skill
answer the compliment by trying to pIay it down
3. Ask and answer in the affirmative and/or negative
whether he/she is acquainted with certain people
whether he/she knows how to get to a certain place
whether he/she knows your address and teIephone number
4. FeeIings
ask your feIIow student to describe how he/she feels
ask your feIIow student why he/she feels in a particuIar way
express your own feeIings
5. News and weather
ask your feIIow student whether he/she Iistened to, watched, or read the news
answer in the affirmative and/or negative
find out what the news Is
comment on the news
expIain what kind of weather hasbeen forecast
6. Ask for and provide informtion regarding
what kind of cars your feIlow students/you haVe and Iike
how he/she/you spent the previous day
what are his/her/your present and future housing arrangements
IV-IB
READING.
pivlliskutsuilla
Rouva Jones on menossa yksin pivlliskutsuille kello kolmeksi rouva Virtasen kotiin. Hnen
miehens ei halua tulla mukaan, koska hnest kutsut ovat ikvi. Hn on horoskooppimerkiltn
Hrk ja hyvin itsepinen. Mutta rouva Jones on hyvin seurallinen ja pit hyvst ruuasta ja
juomasta. Rouva Virtanen on taas laittanut paljon suomalaista ruokaa.
Ensiksi rouva Jones puhuu herra Smithin kanssa, joka on amerikkalainen sotilasasiamies. Tm
sanoo rouva Jonesille, ett hn ei uskalla maistaa lanttulaatikkoa, koska lkri on kieltnyt.
Rouva Smith taas sanoo, ett hn ei voi syd silakkapitsaa, koska hn on allerginen silakalle.
Tm on rouva Jonesista omituista, koska hnest molemmat maistuvat hyvin eksoottisilta.
Rouva Jones puhuu mys herra Virtasen kanssa, joka on suomalainen lhetystvirkailija.
Herra Virtanen kertoo, ett hn ajoi autonsa romuksi viime viikolla mutta ett hn onneksi pit
kvelemisest.
-Voi, mutta kello on jo yhdeksnt-, keskeytti rouva Jones. Hnell oli niin hauskaa, ett hn
unohti ajan:
Pikapuhelu
Ei kelvannut
IV-19
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UNIT IV
STRUCTURAL NOTES
IV-A
NOMINALS ENDING IN
-nen
Hn on amerikkalainen diplomaatti.
Tunnen amerikkalaisen diplomaatin.
He is an American diplomat.
1 know an American diplomat.
-nen with
-s(e)-
nom.
gen.
part.
illat.
millainen
amerikkalainen
millaisen
amerikkalaisen
millaista
amerikkalaista
millaiseen
amerikkalaiseen
IV-B
Mik olikaan nimenne?
odot!n hissi kymmenen minuuttia.
otin jo voileipkakkua.
Kalkki maistul niin hyvlt.
what kind of
American
How to form
insert an -i- before the personai ending in the present tense
3rd person 5g. has no personai ending
notice possible chaoges in the stern (see next page)
IV-20
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Past tense
Present tense
I live
you live
he/she li ves
asu-n
asu-t
hn asu-u
Note:
1 lived
you 1ived
he/she lived
asu-i-n
asu-1-t
hn asu-i
the past tense is given in the 3rd column of the CTV chart,
the past tense marker -1- often cauaes changes in the stern
Type
8
infinitive
nukkua
asua
istua
aikaa
kysy
sanoa
puhua
katsoa
Type
1
Present tense
Past tense
nuku-n
asu-n
istu-n
aio-n
kysy-n
sano-n
puhu-n
katso-n
nuku-i-n
asu-i-n
istu-i-n
aio-i-n
kysy-i-n
sano-i-n
puhu-i-n
katso-i-n
aja-n
rnaksa-n
anna-n
III
-o-a/-u-a/-y-
App.
-1
to
to
to
to
to
ta
ta
to
sleep
live
sit
intend
ask
ask
speak
look
-0
aj.Q-in
makso-i-n
annQ-i-n
-i-
ta drive
to pay
to give
IV-21
Type
11-18
b)
1
tavata
haluta
vastata
palata
vuokrata
Type
3
e)
Present tense
Past tense
tapaa-n
halua-n
vastaa-n
palaa-n
vuokraa-n
tapas-i-n
halus-i-n
vastas-i-n
palas-i-n
vuokras-i-n
a group of very eommon verbs whieh form the past tense with
your best bet is to memorize this group
tiet
tuntea
lyt
ymmrt
pyyt
siirt
Type
2
-s-
tied-n
tunne-n
lyd-n
ymmrr-n
pyyd-n
siirr-n
ties-i-n
tuns-i-n
lys-i-n
yrnmrs-i-n
pyys-i-n
siirs-i-n
-1-
to
to
to
to
to
meet
want
answer
return
rent, lease
to
to
to
to
to
to
know (a faet)
know somebody
find
understand
ask
move, transfer
-s1-
ota-mme
osta-mme
pid-mme
kyt-mme
kiit-mme
matkusta-mme
esit-mme
ot-i-mme
ost-i-rnme
pid-i-mme
kyt-i-mme
kiiti-mme
matkust-i-rnme
esit-i-mme
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
take
buy
keep, like
use
thank
travel
present
IV-22
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Type
9-10
4.
drop the first vowel of the stern (to avoid three vowels in a row)
monosyllabic verbs with a diphthong (see note below for exception)
drop the first vowel of the stern before adding the past tense -i
I
juo-da
sy-d
vie-d
saa-da
Note:
Present tense
infinitive
hn
juo-n
sy-t
vie
saa-n
Past tense
hn
jo-i-n
s-i-t
ve-i
sa-i-n
Type
voi-da
soi-da
min voi-n
se soi
ky-d
ky-n
to
to
to
to
drink
eat
take
get
min voi-n
se soi
can, to be able to
to ring
to Vi8it
11
Type
7
5.
if the stern ends in -i-, the past tense i8 the same as the present tense,
except in the 3rd person sg., where there is no ending
etsi
oppia
voida
Type
6. drop
hn etsi-i
hn oppi~i
hn voi
min voi-n
-e before the past tense marker
-i-
hn etsi
hn oppi
hn voi
min voi-n
to look for
to learn
can, to be able to
-e
if
4,7,
12-16,
20
lukea
tehd
nhd
tulla
menn
olla
lue-n
tee-n
ne-n
tule-n
mene-n
ole-n
lu-i-n
te-i-n
n-i-n
tul-i-n
men-i-n
ol-i-n
to
to
to
to
to
to
read
do
see
come
go
be
IV-23
IV-D
En nhnyt sit.
Etk nukkunut hyvin?
En kuunnellut uutisia.
Compare this:
(min) en
(sin) et/Te ette
hn ei
(me) emme
(te) ette
he eivt
nhnyt
nhneet
With this:
(min) en
(sin) et/Te ette
hn ei
1 don't
you don't
he/she doesn't
ne
me emme
te ette
he eivt
see
we don't
you don't
they didn't
How to form
the only difference 1s the form of the main verb
Present
et/ette ne
- the main verb form i8 the east active participle (see the 4th column in CTV, App.
111)
the negative past tense is formed with the respective forrns of the negation verb and the
past active participle of the main verb
IV-24
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IV-E
How to form
1.
infinitive
asu-a
sy-d
2.
Plural
asu-nut
sy-nyt
asu-neet
sy-neet
ol-lut
men-nyt
pur-rut
pan-nut
ol-leet
men-neet
pur-reet
pan-neet
4.
singular
to live
ta eat
3.
Past activeparticiple
tavan-nut
luvan-nut
juos-sut
pes-syt
tavan-neet
luvan-neet
-seet
ta
to
ta
to
be
ga
bite
put
-t-a/-t- with
ta meet
to promise
in the plural
juas-seet
pes-seet
to run
to wash
IV-25
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IV-F
How to form
the auxiliary verb 'olla' in the present tense
the past active participle, either in the singular or, the plural
(see IV-E)
(Min) olen
(Sin)/ olet/Te olette
Hn/se on
(Me)
(Te)
He/ne
olemme
olette
ovat
They
1 haven't
}
visited Finland.
You/you (sg./polite form) haven't
He/she/it hasn't
Emme ole
Ette ole
He eivt ole
We haven' t
}
You haven't
They haven't
} kyneet Suomessa.
visited Finland.
} kynyt Suomessal
visited Finland?
IV-26
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When to use
1. much the same way as the English present perfect tense
2. some differences exist between the English and Finnish usage of the present perfect tense
Olen syntynyt Suomessa.
I~G
How to form
the past perfect tense is formed much the same way as the present perfect tense (IV-F)
the auxiliary verb 'olla' is in the past tense
the main verb is in past active participle (IV-E)
when to use
much the same way as the English past perfect tense
IV-27
IV-H
'sin'
Dow to form
- the -familiar- sg. imperative of 'sin' is the same as the negative form of the verb
- it is formed by removing the personai ending -n from the first person singular
istua
istu-n
to sit
1 sit
istu~
sit~
antaa
anna-n
anna:
to give
give
give~
with the 2nd and 1st person imperative, the affirmative total objeet is in the nom/acc.
(see III-E)
Anna se tnne~
Antakaa se tnne:
Note:
Give (S9.) it
Give (pl.) it
here~
here~
This (imperative) form is pronounced (but not written) with the 9lottal stop, which
causes the followin9 consonant sound to be doubled.
Annas se tnne~
Tulet tnne:
Give it here~
Come here:
the glottal stop is strong in some parts of Finland even before a vowel
Anna' olla:
Tule' illalla ~
Let it be:
Come in the
evening~
- for the 2nd person plo and polite form imperative, see 11-S
IV-28
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IV-I
1.
l puhu soopaa~
l anna sit Pekalle~
2.
lk nyt kursailkol
lk antako sit Pekallel
Dow to form
the negative imperative for the familiar ag. 'sin' (see example 1 above)
l + the negative form of the verb (i.e., l + affirmative imperative form)
l annat
don't
give~
the negative imperative for the plo and polite sg. 'te, Te' (seeexample 2 above)
- remove the 1 infinitive ending for the form of the verb (i.e., the aarne as in the
affirmative, see also 11-S
- lk + verb + -ko/-k
ol-kaat
teh-k~
Note:
lk ol-kot
lk teh-k:
be:
do:
don't be:
don't dot
The objeet (total and partial) is always in the partitive in the negative sentence, even
in the imperative.
l anna sit Pekallet
lk antako sit Pekalle~
THIRD INFINITIVE
1.
2.
3.
4.
IV-29
How to form
remove the personal ending from the 3rd person sg. present tense
add -maj-m
add one of the five possible 'case endings: -ssa/-ss, -sta/-st,
When to use:
1.
1 went to eat.
1 eame from eating.
1 was reading.
They are walking.
when a subject causes, e.g., asks, teaehes, makes, ete., an object to do something
the 111 infinitive + -Vn
~~~~~~
~ Pekan pesemn lattian.
Sain
Panin
Note:
4.
-tta/-tt
-lla/-ll,
case endings cannot he attached to the 1 infinitive, but instead are attached
to the 111 infinitive
Menin sy-m-n.
Tulin sy-m-st.
2.
-Vn,
"to allow",
pest! lattian.
and 'kske'
1=:~:~t ~
got
made
"to command"
are an exception
infinitive
1
111 infinitive
4. a)
oppia
sattua
ruveta
ryhty
joutua
onnistua
to
to
to
to
to
to
learn
happen
begin
start
have to
succeed
Compare
Lupasin tavata hnet.
Onnistuin tapaa~ hnet.
II! infinitive
b)
kieltyty
lakata
vltty
Note:
to refuse
to stop
to avoid
+ -sta/-st
refuse to do it.
It stopped raining.
1 avoided meeting hirn.
The object is in partitive with the verbs above (these verbs are negative in nature).
IV-K
'milloin/koska'
when-
~ithout
modifiers:
-lla/-ll
Kyn Suomessa syksyll/kesll/
talvella/kevll.
IV-31
a)
week 'viikko'
-lla/-ll
month 'kuu'
-ssa/-ss
1'11 visit there this month.
1'11 visit there in August.
specifyi~g
'joka'
menet Suomeen?
Which
year
month
{ week
day
IV-32
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UNIT V
SCENES 1 - 4
Nouns
airfield
airport
baggage
baggage
claim
barber
beauty
salon
breakfast
bill
bottle
business
trip
buffet
cafe
cart
carton
center
check (6)
cheese
connection
country
curiosity
currency
custom
dance
date
lentokentt (2)
lentoasema (3)
matkatavara (4)
saapunut (38)
matkatavara (4)
parturi (7)
kampaamo (15)
dollar
foreigner
form
harbor
information
inspection
key
varhaisaamiainen (25) kitchen
lasku (15)
laundry
(place)
pullo (15)
liikematka,
liquor
virkamatka (1)
license
seisova pyt (2)
lobby
kahvila (4)
luggage
krryt (15)
lunch
kartonki (7)
keskus (32)
main dish
shekki (6)
mashed
juusto (15)
potatoes
yhteys (33)
meeting
maa (lB)
menu
utel.iaisuus (33)
moment
valuutta (1)
tulli (6)
money
tanss i (6)
ntghtclub
treffit (6) colloq.
passport
Substantiiveja
dollari (6),taala (1)
ulkomaalainen (25)
lomake (5),
kaavake (5)
satama (3)
neuvonta (4)
tarkastus (32)
avain (23)
keitti (21)
pesula (4)
anniskeluoikeudet (33)
aula (1)
matkatavara (4)
lounas (30),
aamiainen (25)
pruoka (2)
perunamuhennos (32)
pe runasose (5)
kokous (32)
ruokalista (l)
hetki (8),
hetkinen (25)
raha (1)
ykerho (15)
passi (6)
pastry
person
porter
price
reception
red wine
reservation
room
service
sairnon
sauce
leivos (32)
henki (B),
henkil (16)
kantaja (3)
hinta (1)
vastaanotto (15)
punaviini (6)
(pyt)varaus (32),
(huone)varaus (32)
huonepalvelu (15)
lohi (8)
kastike (5),
soosi (6) colloq.
smrgasbord
voileippyt (2)
special dish
erikoisruoka (2)
sauna (1)
steam bath
supper
illall inen (25)
swimming pool* uimahalH (6)
summa (2)
sum
taksi (6),
taxi
pirssiauto (15)
tip
juomaraha (1)
traveler
matkustaja (3)
.waiter
tarjoilija (4)
white wine
valkoviin i (6)
wine list
vHnilista (1)
plo
V-l
Verbs
arrive
bathe
declare
(at customs)
exchange
explain
saapua (B)
kylpe (4)
tullata (18)
vaihtaa (1)
selitt (2)
fill
forget
include
recommend
remember
remind
tytt (2)
unohtaa (2)
sislty (B) intr.
suositella (14)
muistaa (2)
muistuttaa (lB)
Adjectives
best
domestic
parhain (26),
foreign
paras (30)
fresh
kotimainen (25) national
tavattavlssa
hello
haloo
joko tal/t ahi (on phone)
long ( time) kauan
kuulemiin
Pronouns
all
anybody,
anyone
kaikki
kukaan
anythlng
nobody
nothing
mikn
ei kukaan
ei mikn
resemble
reserve
serve
stay
travel
mu istuttaa ( 18)
varata (18)
tarjoilla (13),
pal vella (13)
viipy (B)
matkustaa (2)
Adjektiiveja
.ulkomainen (25)
tuore (5)
kansallinen (25)
Verbej
national
stale
Pronomineja
somebod Y
something
joku
jokin
V-2
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SCENE 1
Maahantulo
1. jakso
A. Passi, olkaa hyv.
Kauanko aiotte viipy maassa?
.
Kauanks te
Sequence 1
A.Passport, please.
How long do you intend to stay
in the country?
B. Viivyn kuukauden.
M viivyn
M oon
2. jakso
A. Onko teill mitn tullattavaa?
Onks
Sequence 2
A. Do you have anything to declare?
3. jakso
B. Anteeksi, missa voin vaihtaa
m voin
sequence 3
B. Excuse me, where can 1 exchange
currency?
4. jakso
B. Miss neuvonta on?
Onko tll kantajia?
.
Onks
sequence 4
B. Where is the information?
Are there any porters here?
tll ei ..
Olen lomamatkalla
..
valuuttaa?
..
.
00
V-]
kuukauden.
kaksi viikkoa.
{
puoli vuotta.
Olen
lOmamatkalla.
virkamatkalla.
{ liikematkalla.
a month.
two weeks.
{
half a year.
1 am on a
vacation.
{ business
business.
trip.
Sequence 3
valuuttaa?
Anteeksi, miss tll voi vaihtaa { matkashekkej?
dollareita?
foreign currency?
traveler's checks?
{ dollars?
.
Sequence 4
Onko tll
takseja?
kantajia?
{
krryj?
taxis
porters
{ carts
Miss
neuvonta
saapunut matkatavara
on?
{ kaupunkiin lhtev bussi
Where i.s
informat ion?
baggage claim?
{ a bus going downtown?
,-P_AS_S_I_T_AR_K_A_S_T_U_S_ _P_A_SS_P_O_R_T_S_I
L..--N_E_U_Y_O_N_T_A
TULLITARKASTUS
--JI I MATKATAYARA
I_N_FO_R_M_A_T_I_O_N_ _
here?
CUSTOMS
YALUUTANVAIHTO
LUGGAGE
MONEY EXCHANGE
V-4
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SCENE 2
Hotellissa
At the hotel
5. jakso
A. piv. Olen tuomari Smith. Minulla
pitisi olla tll huone varattuna.
M oon Mulla
pitis
Sequence 5
A. Good morning. 1 1 m Mr. Smith
1 should have a room booked here.
Kaheks viikoks
Sequence 6
B. 1n what name is it reserved?
6. jakso
B. Mill nimell?
A. Joko Bill Smithin tai Yhdysvaltain
lhetystn nimell.
B. Tss se onkin. Kahden hengen huone.
Olkaa hyv ja tyttk tm
kaavake (matkustajakortti).
7. jakso
4
A. Onko huoneessa oma kylpyhuone
ja puhelin?
B. Kaikissa huoneissamme on kylpyhuone
ja puhelin.
8. jakso
A. Sisltyyk aamiainen huoneen
hintaan?
B. Ei sislly. Tss on avain,
olkaa hyv.
.
Kahen
Onks huoneessa
meidn huoneissa
Sisltyyks
Sequence 8
A. Is breakfast included in the
price?
Tsson
V-5
viikoksi
kuukaudeksi
{ puoleksi toista kuukaudeksi
huomisesta }
maanantaista
eilisest
a week,
1 month,
{ 1 1/2 months,
starting from
alkaen.
tomorrow.
Monday.
{
yesterday.
Find out the answers to the following questions from the information below.
Mihin aikaan tarjoillaan
aamiaista?
lounasta?
pivllist?
Mihin aikaan
breakfast
lunch
dinner
At what time is
served?
pankki
sauna
pesula
{
kampaamo
~::~a
on avoinna?
open?
{ laundry
hairdresser
11ESI'EIUA
Paihllio./a ..lvalinlapuholul no 0
no 1
M.nnerhehnlnlle 50
00260
Pllh,
26
lIel.lnkl
ToI. 441311
: IllJONE
ROO,.,
Telo" 12:1117
'-t. ')
IIINTA.
t')
-'(0\ 0\
VAUATIU ASTI
RESEnVED UNlIL
PRICE
jd) . 'HlO 12
~.I
q,
12 NOON
Mikall
""'d,.
Iokrtoon:
1l.~ hol.1
Is. to~",,"sli.lt
K.. klJo
OUR RESTAURNTS
RAVINTOLAMME
pnAVlNTOlA 2. ke.. oo
lVoi ,a klo 01-24, pIlvIJvuksel
no
IllJONEPALVELU
hOOM SEnVlCE
Ihuk..1 no 6. huono'a'lolufisAmaksu
tali No. 6,
PESlJLAPALVELU, no 2
MnTURlKAMpMMO i>ol1altenoksu..
v uk.. 1 no I k.ullvoInn.
k~.' ~,15-16.15
0.". eha,g.
SAUNA DEPAnTMENT on
SAUNAOSASTO I>Uhl.kf!f,ok......
ma
No. 0
No. I
()pe lor
"'' 11
V-6
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SCENE 3
Puhelu
9. jakso
C. onko kukaan soittanut?
Sequence 9
C. Ha5 anybody called?
kysy sua
10. jakso
A. Haloo, tll puhuu Jill Smith.
onko Pekka Koivu tavattavissa?
B. Hetkinen vain.
Pekka, Jill on puhelimessa.
Tule puhelimeen:
onks
Hetki vaan
.
TUU puhelimeen
H. jakso
A. Terve, tll Jill. Hiritsenk1
Olitteko jo nukkumassa?
Hiritsenks m?
olitteks te
Ei viel. Et s
sequence 10
A. Hello. This i5 Jill smith
speaking. 15 Petka Koivu
available?
B. Just a moment.
Pekka, Jill i5 on the phone.
Come to the phone:
C. Haloo, Pekka Koivu speaking.
Sequence 11
A. Hi, this is Jill.
Am 1 disturbing yoU?
were you already sleeping?
C. Not yet. YoU aren't disturbing
me at alle
sua
Sequence 12
A. Listen, 1 just wanted to remind
. you about tomorrow's meeting.
seven o'clock at the Torni
restaurant.
m halusin vaan
V-7
Sequence 11
Joko olitte
nukkumassa?
symss?
kylpemss (saunassa)?
sleeping?
eating?
bathing (in the sauna)?
sequence 12
Halusin vain muistuttaa
Study the
pictures on
the right
and note the
two different
styles of
conversation.
Use these
patterns in
your own
conversation.
keskiviikkoillasta.
huomisillasta.
1 only wanted to remind you about
lounaasta.
Wednesday evening.
tomorrow.
lunch.
V-8
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SCENE 4
Ravintolassa
At the restaurant
13. jakso
A. Onko teill pytvaraus?
Onks
Ei
14. jakso
A. Tss olisi ruokalista.
011s
B. Mit te suosittelette
tnn?
15. jakso
B. Tarjoilija, saanko kysy
uteliaisuuttani, mik tm
summa tss laskussa on?
00.
..
.
.
.
saanks m kysyy
t ..
.
Ja t
..
A. Se on jvedest. Ja tm
on alkoholista, joka on
kytetty kastikkeeseen.
Se on veest.
A i ......
Sequence 13
A. Do you have a reservation?
B. No. There's just the two
of us.
A. This way, please.
Sequence 14
A. Here 1s the menu.
B. What do you recommend
today?
A. We have fresh salmon, and
today's special 1s Kare11an
pot roast.
Sequence 15
B. Waiter, may I ask, out of
curiosity, what this amount
is on this bill?
A. It's for the ice water.
And this 1s for the alcohol
used in the sauce.
B. Oh, so~ Well, that
explains everyth1ng.
V-9
seisova pyt?
solmiopakko?
tanssia?
anniskeluoikeudet?
Do you have
a buffet'?
dress regulations, i.e., a tie requiremenl1
dancing1
a liquor license?
Use Sequence 13 and the menu on p. V-II to order your complete meal, aa ia being done below.
~7\'LIC'RVOI<AA
KA\..ARUOkM
--:;r-::=:::t
HYV~'
J'f'L'A' ?
PITK'
SILMl.L
HATTUANNE
JA TA KK IANNE.
V-lU
Act out the restaurant scenes and order a complete meal for yourself and your family
from this menu.
SUOMALAlNEN'MENU
MENU FINNISH STYLE
a Ss.-
Ala Carte
SUOMALAINEN KElI II
FINNISH KITCHEN
JllJdruokia Desserts
Alkuruokia
Appetiz.en
VlbbluolallDa Iob", apolcUa m...... liDappOmdk.... 33rs/i,htly .mI.ed SIJlmon wilh potIClwJ eri (lniJ nwslJlrd.sttJla
Sanuldtaa poroapalltla. konaDealmDDakokkella 31,...
,....
IUDI1IDUaisla
SUD4aY1
V-ll
Study the following chart and discuss what kind of information is available from the Helsinki
telephone service:
PUHELINPALVELU
AIKATIEDOTUS
T.ime
PHONE
SERVICE
e)
ARVOPAPERI- JA
VALUUTTAKURSSIT
Stock market and
foreign exchange
048
061
PIVIN
RUOKAOHJE
Dial-a-recipe
050
031
PIVN
SANA
Dial-a-prayer
~~
ELOKUVA- JA
~
TEATTERIOHJELMAT
Movie and theater programs
.
041
~\\III
056
LEVYUUTUUDET
New record releases
030
N~SIN
ENGLISH"
018
@
'itlF
/~
HELSINKI
TODAY
HELSINKI
TNXXN
~
'"
fAJ
-~:
NIMI013
TIEDOTUS
The reverse directory informaNimitiedotus vastaa kysymykseen
~Kenell on puhelinnumero xxxxxxl~ tion answers the question, ~Who has
the phone number xxxxxxl~
"
NUMERO012
TIEDOTUS
Numerotiedotus vastaa kysymykseeen The alphabetical listing
answers the question, ~What
~Mik puhelinnumero on NN:lll~
number does NN havel~
SHKSANOMAIN
VASTAANOTTO
Telegrams
by phone
Sxx-
TIEDOTUS
Weather
URHEILUUUTISET
Sports news
UUTISET
News
VEIKKAUSUUTISET
Bet ting news
AUTOMAATTINEN
PUHELINBERXTYS
Wake-up-call
service
VIKAILMOITUS
Repair serv.ice
021
038
032
016
034
0151
019
V-12
Vastapuhelu
- edullinen tapa hoitaa yhteydet kotiin taJ flrmaan kun olet matkoilla.
Vutapuhelun maksll puhelun vastlanottaja.
Kun haluat tUatl vlStapuhelun
<D
valitse numero 09
Josta
Vatlpuhelu yhdlsletlln vain, JOI henkil, JoUe soUat, haluaa maksaa puhelun.
Puhelun yastaanoU~a saa aina eriteUyn laskun valtapuhelulstL
Myl ulkomailta yol soiUla Suomeen vaslapuhehya. Vastapuhelut Ilmaistaan.
eri kieW1l:
engl.
- .Trans(ened eall
saks. - R~Gesprich
Im.en'" - Colleel eall
rusko - Communicatlon PVC
POSTI-JA TELELAITOS
V-13
COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
1.
PUHELIN PALVELU
03 1
forolgn exchango
2.
You have a telephone number but you don't knaw whose number it iso
Call the reverse directory for the information.
a) The name and address i s
b)
c)
d)
013
NIMI-
TIEDOTUS
t"'.IJ.oolu'''.UN.rt~_
"1(.,""" 011 put.-lioouo,oM
x.u.a.ur .,.._,..
Who N'
3.
Niilo Nikkanen's
Matti Juntunen's
Onni Kolehmainen's
Kaisa vyrynen's
number
number
number
number
the
pt lOf\lI nuriA,.
IIXX'''I
l'
s
s
s "
s
NUMEROTIEDOTUS
012
v-14
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
4.
Listen to the telephone conversation and mark under each heading the telephone number of
each service.
Reception
5.
Room service
Place
Sauna
Laundry
Hairdresser
When
Message
Listen to the short conversation on the tape. Try to decide who is talking to whom, where,
and why. Compare your notes with the other students.
Where
Who
7.
Night club
Listen to the short conversation on the tape. Try to decide who is talking
to whom, where, when, and why. Compare your notes with the other students.
Speakers
6.
Main restaurant
About what
Listen to this conversation and check the key for the answer.
1. The husband forlJ ot that he and his wife had been invited outo
2. The husband hag to work overt:ime.
KEY
2-6.
a 3,64
b 8,76
c 0,87
d 2,01
e 0,017
Check the tape texts for the answers
7.
lF
1.
2T
3F
4F
5,65
5T
V-15
FUNCTION PRACTICES.
1.
At the hotel
find out if the American embassy has reserved a suite for you
there has been a misunderstanding - the rooms are for the following week
clear up the situation
2.
Telephone call
call your mother in Kansas from Helsinki
give the operator the country code, city code, and local number
call the operator two more times during the next five minutes
first cornplain about the poor line and then about a strange beeping noise on the line
the operator suggests you try sorne other day
3.
kaukopuhelu
ulkomaanliikenteen tunnus (990)
maan numero
suuntanumero
osoiteverkkoryhmn numero
ei kuulu hyvin
huono yhteys
lis-ni
piipittv ni linjalla
At customs
.
~~~
You are trying to enter Finland with sorne suspicious-looking stuff in your
suitcase. The customs officer asks to see the suitcase, finds the stuff, smells it, and
accuses you of bringing in marijuana. You claim that it ts the ashes of your deceased
relative. Before the officer calls the police, show him/her the Finnish consulate authorization
for bringing in the ashes or ask the officer if you could call the embassy.
4.
V-16
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
5. At the restaurant
the doorman tells you that you must wear a tie to be able to get in
ask if you could borrow one there or use your lady friend's belt
try to talk yourself out of the situation
order a drink in a restaurant
the waiter tells you that you can have a drink only with a meal
tell hirn that you've had your meal and ask if you could just have an appetizer
with the drink
try other suggestions and anticipate the waiter's reaction
READING.
Me tiedmme hyvin, ett joka maassa kansalliset ruuat ovat mielenkiintoisimmat. Eivtk
vain ole mielenkiintoisimmat, vaan mys parhaat, koskapa ne osataan valmistaa oikein. Mutta
miten osata valita oikeat ruuat? Menkmme siis ruokalistaan. Mik voisi olla hyv alkuruokaa?
Kaikki pienet liha- ja kalaherkut sek tietysti leip ja voi. Mutta parhainta ovat kuitenkin
suomalaiset keitot, erikoisesti madekeitto.
Pruuaksi suomalainen valmistaa kalaa eri tavoin. Suolaaminen on paistamisen ohella
suosituin valmistustapa. Kuuluisin on graavilohi. Yksinkertainen paistettu silakka on todella
hyv ruoka. Tunnetuin suomalaisista liharuuista on karjalanpaisti. Erikoisherkku taas on
poronkristys, varsinainen lappalaisruoka. Kesisin tiettyyn aikaan rapu on aivan
kansallisherkku. Silloin ravintolatkin on koristettu punaisin ravunkuvin. Oikein rapujuhlia
pidetn.
Jos olette Suomessa kesaikaan, jolloin torit ja kaupat ovat tynn vihanneksia ja
marjoja, voitte syd halvalla maailman parhaita tomaatteja, hedelmi ja marjoja.
Jlkiruokana suomalaiset juustot ovat vallan mainioita. pyytkp esimerkiksi
pohjalaista leip juustoa.
Entp sitten juomat? Ryypyiksi meill on erinomaista viinaa nimeltn Koskenkorva.
Olutta on useita kotimaisia lajeja. Maistakaapa mys suomalaistakuohuviini ja likri.
Tervetuloa Suomeen ja hyv
ruokahalua~
V-17
find out:
II
::liJ~I:\~i\II"fi;'lntiF 1
it is
lunch or dinner
there are
'fi:J'<>tJm
I.'~bj',
StQlt\6tnjntorp~(l
,.1."'1' f'~
1/"\ll.l'/ .
1J("YJ"i,II~.""""
1',,>,1.1
nll',.-j
Itlbtf'
u 00.00-
" 10.00 .. I SU
DO 70.00. I *
77 112 .11.1
~6-;,et~J
,.
7
70.00.om
Dl
3
00
.,0
!i'
00
"
77 .90 110
Dl
SU
8TJfO I I t
12.' 0 z.._~.
'iJOIl I
Summil mk
.\: ... ' ""'.) ~ :, ..H.'' ,.,
,. :)I~' . ir,.l
'J\(l.
. 1.
kaar.lopIHlllll~
~d".I\Oldlyc~~rqas numrcrmg
1.,
01.:
l'lI'pl:tllu:.1 on
~he
p.\ omstenl1p.
Jcve'!'c
~1d"
SIde
..
V-18
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stop here, catch your breath, and take stock of alI you have learnt up tilI now.
You can look after yourself in Finland:
1 know how to
V-l9
V-A
1.
UNIT V
STRUCTURAL NOTES
'Tytyy/pit/tulee'
-must,
2.
have to-
Dow to form
in the affirmative, 'tytyy/pit/tulee' is always in the 3rd person sg.,
i.e., they are so-called one-person verbs
the subject i5 in the genitive (although there is no overt grammatical subject)
the aftirmative objeet is 1n nom./aee. or acc. for personai pronouns (see lll-E)
"don't have toR is expressed similarly in the 3rd person sg., but with the verb
'ei tarvitse'
When to use
L
2.
Note:
'tarvita,'
in its meaning
Min tarvitsen
auto~auto~.
V-B
T1ME EXPRESS10NS
how to express
-for-
1.
Viivyn kuukauden.
Ole meill viikko~
Suomessa viivytn vuosi.
Minun tytyy olla siell vuosi.
Xl viivy koko viikkoa!
2.
3.
4.
How to form
1.
non-motion verbs: treat the time expression as if it were an object (see 1II-E)
the total object in an affirmative sentence is generally in the gen./acc.
Olen viikon lomalla.
I'm on vacation for a week.
the total object after the imperative (1st and 2nd person) is in the nom./acc.
(follows normal practice)
Ole meill viikko~
Stay with us for a week~
the total object with the passive voice is in the nom./acc. (see VI-A)
Suomess~ viivytn kuukausi.
We stay in Finland for a month.
2.
is in the nom./acc.
1 must stay there for a whole week.
V-21
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
3.
4.
to indicate a period of time when one has not or will not engage in an activity
expressed by the verb, use the illative case
En ole kynyt suomessa kahteen vuoteen.
En ole tavannut hnt pitkn aikaa~
En ole kuullut hnest viikkoon. ---
Note:
-ksi, -kse-
V-22
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V-C
-as/-s, -is
Hn on rikas mies.
Rikkaalla miehell on paljon rahaa.
He is a rich man.
A rich man has plenty of money.
How to form
nom. sg. and part. sg. are in the weak grade when consonant gradation 1s
applicable, see P-8
all other cases are in the strong grade, and the last vowel of the stern is doubled
the illati ve is formed with -seen in the singular
-siin in the plural
1.
Note:
WOROS ENOING IN
nom.
gen.
part.
inesa.
inat.
rikas
oppilas
rikkaan
oppilaan
rikasta
oppilasta
rikkaassa
oppil~ssa
rikkaaseen
oppilaaseen
rich
student, pupU
rikkaa-sta
V-23
V-D
NOUNS ENDING IN
-in
Puhelin on toimistossa.
Bill on puhelimessa.
Dow to form
many -technical- words are formed with the derivative -in
words formed with -in are often identical to the 1st person form of a corresponding verb
in the past tense
puhella
puhelin
puhelin
1 chatted
istua
istuin
istuin
lhett
lhetin
lhetin
ta send
1 sent
(radio) transmitter
telephone
to sit
sat
seat
Note:
ta chat
-ime-
kytke
. kytkin
kytkin
to connect, hitch
connected, hitched
clutch
I
lenntt
lenntin
lenntin
make fly
I made fly
telegraph office
nom.
gen.
part.
iness.
illat.
puhelin
istuin
puhelime-n
istuime-n
puhelin..:ta
istuin-ta
puhelime-ssa
istuime-ssa
puhelime-en
istui me-en
-1n
1s
V-24
V-E
NOUNS ENDING IN
-us/-ys,
-uus/-yys,
-os/-s
Minulla on kysymys.
Kuulin kysymyksen.
1 have a question.
2.
3.
1.
Dow to form
abstraet nouns ending in -us/-ys, -os/-s (see example i above) are often derived from
eorresponding verbs
the stern ending is -kse- (see i 32 in the CND, App. 111)
nom.
kysym~
lupaus
gen.
kysymykse"'n
lupaukse-n
part.
kysymY2.- t
lupau2.- ta
illat.
kysymykse-en
lupaukse-en
question
promise
abstraet nouns ending in -us/-ys (see example 2 above) that are derived from nouns, numerals,
or adjeetives follow this pattern: (see i 33 in the CND, App. 111)
kauneus
pime~
kaudeude-n
pimeyde-n
kauneut-ta
pimey!":t
kauneute-en
pimeyte-en
beauty
darkness
abstraet nouns ending in -uus/-yys (see example 3 above) follow this pattern, irrespeetive of
whether they are derived from verbs or nominals
V-25
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kohteliaisuus
ystvllis~
kohteliaisuude-n
ystvllisyyde-n
kohteliaisuut-ta
ystvllisyyl-t
V-F
kohteliaisuute-en
ystvllisyyte-en
compliment
kindness
Mit te haluaisitte?
Mit te joisitte?
How to form
remove the last vowel of the 3rd person sg. present tense
add the conditional marker -isi-, which corresponds to the auxiliary verb would/should"
add personai endings; 3rd person sg. has no personai ending
in other words, insert -isi- between the verb stern in the strong grade
and the personai ending
Negative
Affirmative
(min)
(sin)
hn
(me)
(te)
he
otta-isi-n
otta-isi-t
otta-isi
ot ta-is i -InIne
otta-isi-tte
otta-isi-vat
en
et
hn ei
emme
ette
he eivt
1 would take
you would take
he/she would take
we would take
you would take
they would take
otta-isi
otta-isi
otta-isi
otta-isi
otta-isi
otta-isi
I wouldn't take
you wouldn't take
he/she wouldn't take
we wouldn't take
you wouldn't take
they wouldn't take
-ee
or
teh-d
teke-e
tek-isi.
-ii
to do
etsi-
to look for, search
etsi-i
ets-isi-mme
V-26
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2.
monosyllabic verbs
replace the past tense marker
juoda
jo-i-n
jo-isi-n
en jo-isi
1 info
past tense
cond.
3.
past tense
cond.
verbs ending in
a)
info
present
cond.
c)
1 info
present
past
cond.
to drink
-i-
syd
s-i-n
s-isi-n
et s-isi
to eat
vied
ve-i-n
ve-isi-n
emme ve-isi
to take
by. -isito be
. ky-d
sin kv-i-t
sin kv-isi-t
to visit
inf.
present
past
cond.
-isi-
-t-a/-t-
b)
by
ol-la
hn ol-i
hn ol-isi
1 info
4.
-i-
to fear
fear
feared
would fear
1
1
1
tavat-a
tapaa-n
tapa-si-n
tapa-isi-n
to meet
1 meet
1 met
1 would meet
to want
he/she wants
1 would want
-t-a/-t-
hirit-
hirits-e-t
hirits-i-t
hirits-isi-t
tarjot-a
tarjoa-a
tarjoa-isi-n
to disturb
you disturb
you disturbed
you would disturb
vaiet-a
vaiken-e-n
vaiken-i-n
vaiken-isi-n
to offer
he/she offers
1 would offer
(' 19 and 20 in the CTV)
to be silent
1 am silent
1 was silent
1 would be silent
V-27
2.
to imply contingencies or constraints much the same way as the English conditional in sentences
that express conditionality, in polite requests and wishes
Antaisitko sen minulle?
3.
4.
could
is translated as
should, ought to
voisi
You could speak a little louder.
You could have called me.
translates as
pitisi
tytyy/pit)
should know it.
should have known it.
l
l
He shouldn't call.
He shouldn't have called.
V-28
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V-G
1.
ADVERBS
Goodbye~
2.
3.
How to form
1.
+ -sti,
gen.
nopea-n
3.
Note:
--ly-
Adverb
hyv
oikea
kova
usea
harva
mik
paikka
good
right
hard
several
few
what
place
hyvin
oikein
kovin
usein
harvoin
miten
paikoin
well
right, correctly
very
often
seldom
how
at places
jalka
foot
jalan
by foot
(sg. only)
He is good-looking.
She is terribly made
You look like Pekka.
V-29
When to use:
V-H
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
'joku/jokin'
Jokin
Joku
nom.
sg.
jokin something R
plo
jotkin
sg.
plo
joku RsomebodyR jotkut
gen.
jonkin
jonkun
part.
jotakin/jotain
joidenkin
joittenkin
joitakin
transl. joksikin
joiksikin
continues Itke
jokin
iness.
jossakin/jossain
elat.
sg.
plo
joidenkin
joittenkin
jotakuta
joitakuita
joksikuksi
joiksikuiksi
joissakin
jossakussa
joissakuissa
jostakin/jostain
joistakin
jostakusta
joistakuista
illat.
johonkin
joihinkin
johonkuhun
joihinkuihin
adess.
jollakin
joillakin
jollClKulla
joillakuilla
ablat.
joltakin
joiltakin
joltakulta
joiltakuilta
allat.
jollekin
joillekin
jollekulle
joilleku ille
esso
jonakin
joinakin
jonakuna
joinakuina
continues
like jotkin
V-30
Note:
'jotakuta' is the sarne as 'jokin', but is rarely used in the spoken language.
The inner locative cases of 'jokin' are used as adverbs of place. (see V-I)
When to use
joku
joku
jokin
sornebody
sorne
sornething -
as a pronoun, by itself
as an adjective with nouns
both as pronoun and adjective
V-3l
V-I
'Mikn, ei mikn'
'Kukaan, ei kukaan'
'Koskaan, ei koskaan'
1.
Haluatko mitn?
Kiitos, en mitn.
2.
Pidttek kenestkn?
En kenestkn.
3.
How to foem
add ending
-an/-n
miss-n
anywhere (no motion)
ket-n
anybody (pa rt. )
koska-an
ever
add ending -kaan/-kn to longer words and to words which end in a consonant (compare with
negative emphatics -kaan/-kn; see V-J)
mihin-kn
anywhere (motion to)
kenest-kn
anybody (elat.)
'kuka'
milloin-kaan
ever
who
and
'mik'
what/which]
V-32
"anyone"
ketk-n
plo
sg.
plo
sg.
"any"
mik-n
"anything"
nom.
kukaan
gen.
kenen-kn
keiden-kn
mink-n
part.
ket-n
keit-n
mit-n
iness.
keness-kn
kess-n
keiss-n
miss-n '"
elat.
kenest-kn
kest-n
keist-n
mist-n
illat.
keneen-kn
kehen-kn
keihin-kn
mihinkn
adess.
kenell-kn
kell-n
keill-n
mill-n
ablat.
kenelt-kn
kelt-n
keilt-n
milt-n
allat.
kenelle-kn
kelle-kn
keille-kn
mille-kn
trans!.
keneksi-kn
keiksikn
miksi-kn
esso
kenen-kn
kein-n
min-n
mitk-n
"any"
continue5 a5 in 5g.
The inner locative cases of 'mik-n ' are used as adverbs. (see V-I)
V-33
When to use
1.
kukaan, ei kukaan
to refer to persons, both in the sg. and plo
in questions
in negative statements
as adjectives and nouns
anybody, nobody
2.
mikn, ei mikn
to refer to things~ nom. only in the plo
in questions
in negative statements
as adjectives and nouns
anything, nothing
3.
the form of the negation verb follows the subject of the sentence
4.
Mit haluat?
En mitn.
Kenest puhutte?
Emme kenestkn.
the nom. sg. and plo may be the subject ot the sentence
Meneek kukaan?
Tulevatko ketkn?
Mikn ei ole viel valmista.
5.
-(ka)an/-(k)n
Use
Is anybody going?
Is anybody (pl.) coming?
Nothing is ready yet.
forms, but no double negatives
1 never know anything about anything.
Haluaisitko mitn?
Haluaisin jotain.
6.
(see 11-Q)
No motion
Motion to
Miss on jit?
Where is some ice?
Menik hn mihinkn/minnekn?
Did he go anywhere?
Ei mihinkn/minnekn.
Nowhere.
Ei missn.
Nowhere.
Ei mistn.
Nowhere.
Hn meni johonkin/jonnekin.
He went somewhere.
V-J
PARTICLES
-kin,
-kaan/-kn
Minkin tulen.
Olen kynyt Japanissakin.
1 1 11 come, too~
1 have visited Japan, too.
Minkn en ~ule.
Huomennakaan ei ole koulua.
Hn tuleekin huomenna.
Hn ei tulekaan huomenna.
How to form
- attach the particle to the word ta which it specifically appIies
- place it after alI other endings
V-35
Wheo to use
-kio
1.
generally corresponds to
2.
3.
4.
"also, too"
"even"
in English
Even the girls will come.
I even/also know Finnish.
"after alI"
generally corresponds to
"not either"
2.
"after alI"
To express
"neither - nor"
use
ei
Hn ei tule lauantaina
enkiminkn tule.
enk, etk, eik etc., translates
Enk kerrokaan sinulle.
(see
* 4 above)
-kaan/-kn
1.
3.
'mys'
eik
+ -kaan/-kn.
He wontt come on saturday
and neither will L.
UNIT VI
SCENES 5 - 8
accessories
account
alteration
bag
beard
belt
blouse
boot
button
cash
cashier
cap
charge card
client
clothing
coat
collar
color
comb
conditioner
cotton
cut
dress
fitting
fur coat
gift
glove
hair
hair brush
hair cream
hairdresser
Nouns
asuste (5)
tili (6)
korjaus (32)
laukku (15)
parta (1)
vy (17)
pusero (16)
saapas (30)
nappi (6)
kteinen (25)
kassa (1),
kassaneiti (6)
lakki (6)
luottokortti (6)
asiakas (30)
vaate (5)
takki (6)
kaulus (32)
vri (6)
kampa (1)
hoitoaine (5)
puuvilla (1),
pumpuli (7)
leikkaus (32)
leninki (6)
sovitus (32)
turkki (6)
lahja (1)
ksine (5),
hansikas (30)
hius, hiukset(32,)
tukka (2),
karva (1)*
hiusharja (1)
hiusvoide (5)
kampaaja (3)
SUbstantiiveja
hair spray
lakka (1),
hiuskiinne (5)
hair tonic
hiusvesi (10)
hand
ksi (10)
hat
hattu (15)
junior (in size) teini (6)
teenager
vuori (9)
lining
lost and found
lyttavara(bureau of)
toimisto (15)
manicure
manikyyri (6)
material, cloth kangas (30)
mirror
pei li (6)
mitten
lapanen (25),
rukkanen (25)
nylon
nailon (6)
outfit
asu (15)
overcoat
pllystakki (6)
pants
housut (15) pl.
pantyhose
sukkahousut (15)
parting (hair)
jakaus (32)
permanent, [>erm permanentti (6)
pocket
tasku (15)
poplin coat
popliinitakki (6)
quality
laatu (15)
sadetakki
(6)
raincoat
razor
parranajokone (5),
partakone (5)
receipt
kuitti (6)
rinse
huuhtelu (15)
rubber boots
kumisaappaat (30)
sale
ale (2)**,
alennusmyynti (6)
myyj (2)
salesperson
**
scarf, muffler
set (hair)
setting lotion
shampoo
shampoo (wash)
shirt
shoe
sideburns
size
ski boots
ski outfU
sock
sport
stocking
suit
sweater
(cardigan)
synthetic
fiber
taxi stand
taxi operator
tie
toupee
trousers
trouser waist
two-piece suit
underweac
wig
windbreaker
winter coat
wool
VI-l
Verbs
-comb
complain
cost
cut
have cut
fit
hurry
kammata (18)
vali. ttaa ( 2)
maksaa (1)
leikata (18 )
leikkauttaa ( 2)
sopia ( 7 )
pit kiirett
kiirehti ( 7 )
( 2) ,
lengthen
make bigger,
enlarge
make narrower
make smaller,
reduce
order
(subscribe)
Verbej
pident ( 3)
suurentaa ( 3 )
kaventaa ( 3)
pienent ( 3)
tilata (18 )
Adjectives
bald
brownish
clear
cheap
expensive
kalju (15)
ruskehtava (3)
selv (2)
halpa (1),
huokea (20)
kallis (30)
grayish
loose
narrow
plaid
shorter
at once
het i
(right away)
from back,
from behind
Pronouns
a certain
a few
both
ers (30),
muuan (undecl.)
muutama (3)
molemmat (14),
kumpikin
either one
every
few
many
trim
(make even)
maksaa (1)
ajaa (1) parta
lyhent ( 3)
sovittaa ( 2) ,
koettaa ( 2)
tasoittaa ( 2 )
Adjektiiveja
harmahtava (3)
vlj (2)
kapea (20)
ruudull inen (25)
lyhyempi (14)
pay
shave
shorten
try on
raidallinen (25)
semmonen (25) colloq.,
sellainen (25)
ti. ukka (1)
leve (20)
striped
such
kind of
tight
wide
closest to
in front
lhinn (+ part. )
(gen. +) edest
edess
eteen
several
which of
the two
other
usea (20)
kumpi (14)
I
Pronomineja
jompikumpi (14)
jokainen (25),
joka (undecl.)
harva (1)
moni (9)
muu (18),
toinen (25)
VI-2
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
SCENES 5 - 6
Kampaamo ja parturi
1. jakso
A. Min olen rouva Seppl.
Minulla on varattu aika kello
kymmeneksi.
M oon
Mullon varattu
kymmeneks.
Sequence 1
A. 1 am Mrs. Seppl.
1 have an appointment at
10 o'clock.
tulis
M haluaisin
.m haluaisin
Sequence 2
C. Miss, 1 would like to have my
hair cut.
Miten lyhyeks.
2. jakso
c.
.
..
.
3. jakso
B. Kytetnk kampausnestett?
Kytetnks
Sequence 3
B. Shall we use aome setting lotion?
Joo, muttei
4. jakso
B. Tss olisi ksipeili.
Herra on hyv ja katsoo.
Tssolis
Sequence 4
B. Here ia a hand mirror.
Please, take alook.
c.
.
lyhyemmks..
VI-3
Haluaisin
.
leikkauksen.
vrihuuhtelun.
pesun.
permanentin.
manikyyrin.
cut.
color rinse.
shampoo.
permanent.
manicure.
Sequence 2
Haluaisin tasoituttaa
partani.
hiukseni.
pulisonkini.
beard
hair
{
sideburns
trimmed.
Sequence 3
Kytetnk
hoitoainetta?
kampausnestett?
lakkaa?
hiusvoidetta?
hiusvett?
condH ioner?
setting lotion?
ha ir spray?
hair cream?
hai.r tonic?
----------------------~--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sequence 4
Se on liian pitk
takaa.
edest.
{
si vuilta.
in back.
in front.
at the sides.
kampoja.
Meill on hyvi
p~ruukkeja.
We have some
hiusharjoja.
Kytttek jakausta?
VI-4
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SCENE 7
Taksin tilaaminen
5. jakso
A. Miss lhin taksiasema on?
Ordering a taxi
Misson .
Sequence 5
A. Where is the nearest taxi stand?
...
.
Saisinks m
C. Tulee heti.
Sequence 6
C. Taxi operator.
A. This is Mrs. Smith speaking.
Could I get a taxi here at the
American embassy, Itinen
puistotie 14 A?
C. It will come right away.
Sequence 7
A. Hello. To Stockmann's, please,
and hurry:
7. jakso
A. piv. Stockmannille, olkaa hyv,
ja pitk kiirett:
semmonen
yhekslt
..
.
.
.
A. Jommallekummalle.
A. Either one.
C. Selv on.
C~
VI-5
READING
Ote Helsingin puhelinluettelosta:
Taxi stands
HELSINGIN TAKSIUTOASEMAT
Auto tilataan soittamalla asianomaiselle autoasemalle. Jos autoasema ei vastaa, soi{1o siirtyy lhimmlle asemalle.
miss on autoja tai taksikeskukseen. Taksikeskus vlitt radioteitse tilauk!:cn vapaana olevalle autolle.
You can ordera taxi by calling the taxi stand of your choice. If there is no answer your call
18 tr~nsferred to the~earest stand' with available taxis or to the taxi ~enter. Th~ taxi center
will transmit the order to the availabletaxi by radio.
Kaupungin.keskusta ja etelosat:
ffeiaingi.a 00:
i*n
. 600044
. 600566
. 600811
AJA HYVLL.
VUOKRAA
TOYOTA STARLET,
VI-6
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SCENE 8
At Stockmann's department store
stockmannin tavaratalossa
8. jakso
A. Anteeksi, miss teill on
naisten vaatteita?
Sequence 8
A. Excuse me, where do you have
womenls clothes?
.. oikeella.
9. jakso
A. Onko teill kvelypukuja
alennuksessa?
Onks
alessa?
Sequence 9
A. Do you have any ladies '
two-piece suits on sale?
Kyll meillon
kokoa
M en 00 varma
Mik vastais kokoo
Rouvan olis
kolkytkuus ett kolkyt
kaheksan
10. jakso
A. Mit kangasta tm ruskea on?
C. Se on kotimaista villaa,
oikein hyv laatua.
11. jakso
A. Miss sit voi sovittaa?
C.
Sovitu~huoneet
vasemmalla.
ovat tuolla
t ruskee
koettaa
on
Sequence 10
A. What material ia this brown one?
C. Itls domestic wool,
very good quality.
Sequence 11
A. Where can one try it on?
C. The fitting rooms are over there
on the left.
VI-7
:~~:~:~
Where are
lasten
urheilu
Onko teill
se on
vaatteet ovat?
kenki
pukuja
laukkuja
alennuksessa?
00
you have
men' s
women's
{ children's
sport
~ :~~::
clothes?
on sale?
{ bags
puuvillaa.
villaa.
naiionia.
tekokuitua.
It
is
cotton.
wool.
nylon.
synthetic fiber.
Koot
~izes
8
38
10
40
12
42
Teinikoot, amerikkalaiset
suomalaiset
7
34
9
36
11
13
38
40
Naisten kengt
Amerikkalai set koot
Suomalaiset
5
35
36
37
Puvut ja takit
Miesten amerikkalaiset koot
suomalaiset
36
46
38
48
Paidat
Miesten amerikkalaiset koot
suomalaiset
15
38
Miesten kengt
Amerikkalaiset koot
Suomalaiset
8
40
14
44
16
46
15
42
38
9
39
Women's shoes
American sizes
Finnish
40
50
42
52
44
54
15
39
16
40
16
41
17
42
Shirts
Men's American sizes
Finnish
9
41
10
42
11
12
44
Ken's shoes
American sizes
Finnish
43
VI-8
SCENE 8
12. jakso
Sequence 12
A. This feels very good,
but the skirt is too long.
13. jakso
A. Min otan tmn. Kauanko
korjaus kest?
M tn. Kauanks
Sequence 13
A. I'll take this. How long does the
alteration take?
Me voidaan tehd se
ens maanantaiks.
14. jakso
A. Mihin tm maksetaan?
Mihis t
Sequence 14
A. Where does one pay for this?
..
D. Maksatteko kteisell
vai luottokortilla?
Maksatteks te
A. Kteisell. Minulla ei
ole viel tili tll.
Mullei
00
VI-9
Nyt
Voiko
Voidaanko
tt hametta
Tm
This
kaulus
.
hame
{ vuori
housunkaulus
collar
skirt
{ lining
trouser waist
LUOTTOKORTILLA
lyhent?
pident?
ottaa sisn?
kaventaa?
suurentaa?
pienent?
UUTUUKSIA
SAAPUNUT:
shortened?
lenghtened?
taken in?
made narrower?
made bigger?
made smaller?
on liian
is too
leve.
tiukka.
{ vlj.
tiukka.
TALVIPOPLARIT
ALK.298.-
Lasten
talvisaappaat
viirit punainen
ja ruskea
koot 25-30
Miesten
talvikengt
vrit musta
ja ruskea
wide.
tight.
{ loose.
tight.
VI-lO
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USEFUL INFORMATION
Bill
pesu
leikkaus
kampaus neste
kampaus
fnauskampaus
yhteens
5.80
23.50
5.40
24.00
22.00
80.70
shampoo
cut
sett ing lotion
set
blow drying
total
5.80
23.50
5.40
24.00
22.00
80.70
,"
SUOMEN
KOSMETOI,OGI
KOULU
'-VUOTINEN AMMATTI OPPILAITOS
SlJORlTAMME orPIU\STYNK
KASVmlOITOA
KKSlIlOlTOA
JALKAIIOITOA
G5-H1EnONTAA
MAKE-UPIA
YM.
VI-ll
In this picture, you can find various ways of asking where one can buy -herb butter.Act out these scenes, substitutin9 for -herb butter- with the word of your choice.
Pay attention to the difference in style.
VI-12
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STOCKMANNIN OSASTOT
You are taking your friend to Stockmann's. He wouldlike to buy shaving eream, a new shirt,
swimming trunks, and aome fish. Explain to hirn in Finnish to which floors he would have to go and in
whieh departments he would find the above items. continue looking for other items this way.
8. kerros
8. floor
4. kerros
4. f loor
Hairdresser, beauty
salon, and solarium
Restaurant
(restrooms,
public phone)
7. kerros
7. floor
Lyttavaratoimisto
Turk issilytys
5. kerros
5. f loor
Huonekalut ja vuodevaatteet
Matot, muovit, sisustuskankaat, tapetit
Furni.ture and
bedding
Carpets, plasties,
upholstery fabries,
wallpaper
Catalog and sales
service
Kodinkoneet
Kodinkoristeet
Kylpyhuone- ja
saunatavarat
Lasi, posliini
Lelut
Matkalaukut
Matkatoimisto
Nyttelyhall i
Taideteoll isuus
Taloustavarat ja
teksti ilit
Valitukset
WC naiset
(vaatenaulakko)
Home applianees
Home deeorations
Bath shop and
sauna shop
Glass, ehina
Toys
Suiteases
Travel agency
Exhibition hall
Art and design
Housewares and
textiles
Complaints
Women's lounge
(cloakroom)
3. kerros
3. floor
Kahvio
Lasten vaatetus
ja kengt,
vauvatarvikkeet
Naisten vaatetus
ja kengt
WC naiset
(yleispuhelin,
kampaamo, kahvila)
Coffee shop
Children's clothing
and shoes, infants
and layettes
Womenls elothing
and shoes
Womenls lounge
(publie phone,
hairdresser, eafeteria)
Ostos- ja tarjouspalvelu
TV, radio ja stereo~
studio
Vaihtokassa
Valaisimet
Vientipalvelu
WC miehet
Cash offiee
Lamps and shades
Customer serviee
(for exports)
Men's room
VI-13
STOCKMANNIN OSASTOT
2. kerros
2. floor
Kankaat, langat,
ksi tyt
Kennel-shop
Lahjakortit
Luottopalvelu
Miesten pukimet,
ulkoiluvaatteet
Ompelukoneet
Puutarhatarvikkeet, maalit
Ratsastus-shop
Rauta, autotarvikkeet
Urheilu
Vaihto kassa
Veikkaus
psyliput
Postilaatikko
Rahanvalhto
Yle i spuhe li n
Suutari
Avainpalvelu
Fabrics, wool,
handcrafts, notions
Pet shop
Gift certificates
Credit office
Men's wear,
sportswear
Sewing machines
Gardening,
paints
Riding shop
Hardware, car
accessories
Sports
Cash office
Betting
Tickets
Mailbox
Excpange office
Publie phone
Shoe repair
Key shop
. 1. kerros
1. floor
Elintarvikkeet
Fanfaari-baari
Foto
Karamelli
Levyt, kasetit/Melodia
Korut
Kosmeti ikka
Kukkamyynti
Kulta, hopea, kellot
Ksilaukut, piennahkatavara
Matkamuistot
Miesten asusteet ja
ranta vaatteet
Naisten asusteet
Optikko/lnstru-Optiikka
Lehdet
Tupakka ja paperi
(informaatio, puhelin,
kahvila)
Groceries
Fanfare bar
Photography
Candy
Records, cassettes
Jewelry
Cosmetics
Flower shop
Gold, silver, watches
Handbags, small leather
goods
Souvenirs
Men's accessories
and beach wear
Women's accessories
Optician
Newspapers and magazines
Tobacco and stationery
(lnformation, telephone,
cafe)
Mannerheimintie 1
Miss 17
Natura
Haavi
(separate entrance)
(health food)
(fish shop)
Akateeminen kirjakauppa
Paperitarvikkeet
Academic bookshop
Stationery
VI-14
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Haluaisin
palauttaa
vaihtaa
hitaasta palvelusta.
the slow service.
viallisesta koneesta.
I want to complain about
a faulty appliance.
.
poor quality.
huonosta laadusta.
{ a mistake in the bill.
.
virheellisest laskusta.
tmn tavaran.
Tss on kuitti.
I would like to
return
this item.
exchang ~
~"l-----HATTU
KAULUS
PAITA
SOLMIO
HIHA
TAKKI
VY
HOUSUT
SUKKA
KENK
VI-l5
Imagine you have just bought yourself a new wardrobe. Describe what you've bought to your friend.
Match the item on the left with the material and quality in the two other columns.
talvitakki
pusero
housut
hame
puku
hattu
myssy
ksineet
alusvaatteet
potkupuku
toppatakki
turkishaUu
sukat
bleiseri
sormikkaat
lapaset
iltapuku
aamutakki
villatakki
sadetakki
farkut
maihari
takki
villapaita
Laatu
Quality
Kangas
Fabric
Vaatekappale
Item
winter coat
blouse
pants
. skirt
dress
hat
kniUed hat
gloves
underwear
Dr. Denton's
quilted coat
fur hat
socks, stockings
blazer
knitted gloves
mittens
eveningdress
bathrobe
cardigan
raincoat
jeans
US army surplus
coat
jacket, coat
sweater
sametti
puuvilla
villa
polyesteri
sekoitekangas
vakosametti
silkki
nailon
tweed
nahka
toppakangas
gabardiini
velvet
cotton
wool
polyester
mixed fabric
corduroy
silk
nylon
tweed
leather
quilted fabric
gabardine
lmmin
raidall inen
viininpunainen
tummanruskea
painettu
rypistymtn
puhdas
korkealuokkainen
hyvnnkinen
huoleton
valkoraitainen
kotimainen
pehme
pitkhihainen
lyhytlahkeinen
kevyt
vedenpitv
luonnonvalkoinen
hyvnlaatuinen
ruudullinen
paksu
pesunkestv
kutistumaton
yksivrinen
warm
striped
maroon red
dark brown
printed
creaseproof
pure
high quality
good looking,
smart
sporty
white striped
domestic
soft
long sleeved
short leg
light
waterproof
natural whi.te
good quali ty
plai.d
thick
washable
nonshrinkable
plain colored
VI-16
COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
1. +
2.
Speakers
3.
Price
What's on sale1
5.
Listen to the tape and fill in the appropriate information under the following headings.
The item the customer wants
4.
1 and 2
Where
---
write down the pasitive and negative adjectives used by the speakers to describe the fabric.
Positive
Negative
VI-17
FUNCTION PRACTICES.
1.
At the hairdresser/barber
with your teacher as the hairdresser/barber, discuss a new hairstyle/hair color
explain what you want done
2.
3.
Taxi
find out where the nearest taxi stand is
order a taxi to your address
give detailed information about the Ioeation of your street
give your destination
no NOT GIVE A TIP~
4.
5.
6.
7.
VI-la
READING
Hyv palvaa. Olen Ville Kotilainen, ja minulla on aika kello kymmeneksi tukanleikkausta varten.
- Mutta herrahan on puoli tuntia myhss. Nyt teidn tytyy odottaa puoli tuntia.
- Niin, olen pahoillani, en hernnyt hertyskelloni soittoon ja nukuin liian myhn.
- Nyt on teidn vuoronne, herra Kotilainen. Mill tavalla te haluatte tukkanne leikattavan?
- Haluaisin, ett tukkani pestn ja sitten ohennetaan joka puolelta mutta jtetn
takaa pitemmksi. Kuivataan fnaamalla.
- Hyv on.
- Kyll teidn on
lopetettava
politikoiminen
asiakkaiden kanssa,
Huttunen.
Parturissa
Parturi oli saanut tyns
valmiiksi ja piteli
niskapeili asiakkaan pn
takana.
- Onko nin hyv?
- Muuten kyll, mutta niskasta
saisi jtt hieman pitemmksi.
UNIT VI
STRUCTURAL NOTES
VI-A
1.
2.
Mennn vain~
otetaan viel lyhyemmksi.
Let's 90:
Let's have it a bit shorter at the back.
3.
How to forrn
passi ve marker ia -t-rv -d- or -tt-f'J -tnote that -d- will assimilate with -1-, -r-, or -n- (see III-G, IV-E)
only one personai ending, -Vn, is used
use the weak grade of consonant gradation (when applicable)
a)
1 info
passive
b)
juo-da
juo-da-an
ei juo-da
ol-la
ol-la-an
ei ol-la
men-n
men-n-n
ei men-n
pur-ra
pur-ra-an
ei pur-ra
tavat-a
tavat-a-an
ei tavat-a
1 info
1st person sg.
passive
oppi-a
opi-n
opi-taan
ei opi-ta
luke-a
lue-n
lue-taan
ei lue-ta
tunte-a
tunne-n
tunne-taan
ei tunne-ta
viihty-
vilhdy-n
viihdy-tn
ei vilhdy-t
VI-20
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c)
1 infinitive ends in
-a-a/~-,
-a-/--
remove -n from the 1st person sg. present and ehange the final vowel to -eadd -taan/-tn in the affirmative
in the negative, remove the passive personaI ending -Vn from this affirmative
present passive form
ymmrt-
1 info
1st person S9 ymmrr!-n
passive
ymmrr~-tn
ei ymmrre-t
Note:
otta-a
ota-n
ote-taan
ei ote-ta
pyyt-
pyyd!-n
pyyd~-tn
ei pyyde-t
Generally, the objeet of the sentenee or a loeative or adverbial phrase is plaeed at the
beginning of a passive sentenee.
Valuuttaa vaihdetaan tuossa pankissa.
Ruotsissa puhutaan ruotsia.
Sit ei kirjoiteta kahdella m:ll.
the affirmative total objeet is in the nom./aee. for nouns or the aee. for personal pronouns
Tukka leikataan lyhyeksi.
Hnet leikataan huomenna.
When to use
1.
unlike io Eoglish, do not use the passive when the agent is expressed
(see XII-B)
-by somebody,-
VI-21
2.
the present passive form also has the meaning Wlet's do X,w but
only at the beginning of a sentenee (see 1st person plo imperative in high style, XIV-G)
Let's go home now:
Let's not go home yet~
VI-8
puut ovat vihret.
- etsivt poikla.
Lasten ohjelma oli oikein hyv.
Tyt~
'me'
We'll go home.
We won't go home.
we went home.
PLURAL QF NOMINALS
The trees are green.
The girls were looklng for the boys.
The ehildren's program was very good.
How to form
the plural marker is
-1-1-
Note:
Here are some hints to help your memory eoneerning consonant gradation in the pj.ural:
the strong grade in all plo forms for alI words ending in -e
osoite
osoitteet
osoit teiden
the strong grade in all plo forms for alI words ending in a consonant,
exeept in some gen. plo forms
tyttret
tyttrien
tytr
tytrten
VI-22
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-i-
gen. plo
nom. plo
(gen. stern + -t)
tytt
talo
koulu
syksy
2.
tytt-j-en
talo-j-en
koulu-j-en
syksy-j-en
kala-t
herra-t
kirja-t
kal.2,-j-en
herro-j-en
kirjo-j-en
part. plo
iness. plo
illat. plo
tytt-j
talo-j-a
koulu-j-a
syksy-j-
tyt-i-ss
talo-i-ssa
kou-lu-i-ssa
syksy-i-ss
tytt-i-hin
talo-i-hin
koulu-i-hin
syksy-i-hin
-e , -i, or
(type 1)
-a
kal.2.-j-a
herro-j-a
kirjo-j-a
4.
tyt-t
talo-t
koulu-t
syksy-t
3.
pyd-t
poja-t
rouva-t
naise-t
suomalaise-t
pyt-i-
poik-i-a
rouv-i-a
pyt-i-en
poik-i-en
rouv-i-en
with
kalo-i-hin
herro-i-hin
kirjo-i-hin
-0-
pyd-i-ss
poj-i-ssa
rouv-i-ssa
or
-u-
in the
pyt-i-in
poik-i-in
rouv-i-in
(type 25)
nais-i-en
suomalais-i-en
nais-i-a
suornalais-i-a
nais-i-ssa
suomalais-t-ssa
nats-i-tn
suomalais-i-in
VI-23
5.
6.
nom.pl.
gen.pl.
part.pl.
iness.pl.
illat.pl.
kevt
kaunis
huone
kev-t
kaunii-t
huonee-t
kev-i-den
kauni-i-den
huone-i-den
kev-i-t
kauni-i-ta
huone-i-ta
kev-i-ss
kauni-i-ssa
huone-i-ssa
kev-i-siin
kauni-i-siin
huone-i-siin
monosyllabic words
drop the first vowel of a diphthong
tie
vy
Note:
tie-t
vy-t
te-i-tten/-den
v-i-tten/-den
te-i-ss
v-i-ss
te-i-hin
v-i-hin
The general rule of THREE vowels: if three vowels would be required to come together in an
inflection, drop the first of the three. (see also monosyllabic verbs, IV-B, VII-C)
7.
a)
words ending in
-i
(see
III-J
replace final
-i-
with
-e-,
panki-t
pankki
b)
drop final
-i-
c)
drop final
-1-
(types 6, 7)
pankk~-j-a
pank!:.-i-ssa
leht-i-
lehd-i-ss
pankk!:.-i-hin
lehti
(syn)
*(sy-i-n)
( s-i-n)
kev-t
*kev-i-t
kev-i-t
tie-t
*tie-i-t
te-i-t
y-t
*y-i-t
-i-t
leht-i-en
leht-i-in
(types 9,
pieni
piene-t
lapsi
lapse-t
* hypothetical form
pien-i-en
pien-ten
laps-i-en
las-ten
pien-i-
pien-i-ss
pien-i-in
laps-i-a
laps-i-ssa
laps-i-in
VI-24
8.
words ending in
-si
vesi
9.
(type
10)
vede-t
ves-i-en
vet-ten
ves-i-
ves-i-ss
ves-i-in
miehe-t
mieh-i-en
mies-ten
mieh-i-
mieh-i-ss
mieh-i-in
(type 35)
mies
mies
VI-C
GENITIVE PLURAL
Dow to form
different word types can have several different gen. plo endings (see also VII-C)
Learn to use one kind of ending actively: The others are given in the CND, App. 111.
Note:
-den/-tten
VI-25
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VI-D
When to use
1.
only when the plo subject is a pair, the predicate noun and adjective are in the nom. plo
(Nm) kengt ovat hyvt.
Sakset ovat tervt.
3.
only when the plo subject is alI inclusive, the predicate noun and adjective are in the nom.
p1.
Kaikki puut ovat jo vihret.
TRANSLATIVE
-ksi/-kse-
1.
2.
3.
Onneksi ei sada.
Mit tm on suomeksi?
4.
Dow to form
- add -ksi to the gen. sg. stern
- before a possessive suffix, use the form
-kse-
When to use
1. generally indicates a change from one state to another with verbs like:
to become something
tulla
to grow
kasvaa
valita
to choose, eleet
Puu kasvoi nin suureksi 20 vuodessa.
Ensimmisen kerran nainen valittiin
presidentiksi.
-for a time-
by a eertain time
Se on valmis maanantaiksi.
miksi
siksi
aluksi
lopuksi
onneksi
suureksi hmmstyksekseni
why
thatls why
to begin with
finally
luckily, fortunately
to my great surprise
3. idiomatically
to presume
to say
to call
1 mistook hirn for Pekka.
1 call hirn maisteri.
VI-27
VI-F
------------------------------------------------------
moni/monet
(19 eNO)
--------------------------------------~-----
many
When to use
both in the singular and plural in alI cases
s9
plo
nom.
gen.
part.
illat.
moni
monet
monen
monien
monta
monia
moneen
moniin
paljon
Saimme paljon omenoita.
Pekka sai paljon syntympivlahjoja.
Note:
When
'paljon'
00
When to use
only as an adverb
always with the partitive in s9. and plo
refers to both people and things (countable nouns)
cannot be used with the subject of the sentence unless it is a Rthere are R expression
(see VI-G)
VI-28
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Compare:
kaikki
(#8 CNO)
alI, everything
1 knew alI the guests.
1 heard alI of that from Pekka.
1 don't know everything.
1 heard everything from Pekka.
sg.
plo
gen.
part.
iness.
illat.
kaikki
kaikki/kaiket
kaiken
kaikkien
kaikkea
kaikkia
kaikessa
kaikissa
kaikkeen
kaikkiin
in the 5g. and plo nom., when used without a modifier, the meaning is "everything"
both as adjective and pronoun
modified nominals and the following verb must agree appropriately
muutama/muutamat
(#3 CNO)
a few
We are having a few friendS coming over.
It'll be ready in a few weeks.
A few are of that opinion
.When to U5e
both in the sg. and plo in alI cases
both as adjective and pronoun
modified nominals and the following verb must agree appropriately
VI-29
usea/useat
(i20 CND)
the same as
ers/ert
'muutama/muutamat'
('30 CND)
several
a, a certain, one of
A certain man walked from Jerusalem to
Jericho.
one day
When ta use
both in the singular and plural in alI cases
mainly as an adjective
modified nominals and the verb agree must agree appropriately
This is an empty space.
VI-3D
VI-G
HOW TO EXPRESS
-there are-
How to form
the subject is always in the part. plo
the verb 'olla' is in the singular
most often occurs with inverted word order
begin with a locative case, adverb, or question word
How to ask
-are there-
How to answer
-there are-
Kadulla on auto~.
There are ,cars on the street.
-the things-
VI-31
VI-H
Lapsi sy.
iti sytt lasta.
2.
transitive
intrans.
trans.
maistua (8)*
to taste
maistaa (1)
to taste
muistua ( 8)
to eome to mind
muistaa ( 2)
to remember
unohtua (8)
to be forgotten
unohtaa ( 2)
to forget
nky ( 8)
to be visible
nytt
to show
kyd ( 11)
to visit
kytt
to use
nukkua ( 8)
to sleep
nukuttaa ( 2)
to make somebody fal1 asleep
trans.
causat.
trans.
eausat.
muistaa (2 )
to remember
muistuttaa
to remind
juoda (10 )
to drink
juottaa ( 2)
to have somebody drink
maksaa (1)
to pay, eost
* in
intransitive
syd (10)
to eat
sytt
to feed
( 2)
(2)
maksattaa ( 2)
to make someone pay
( 2)
(2 )
VI-32
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UNIT VII
SCENES 9 - 12
Nouns
accelerator
aerogram
a irma il
air pressure
apple
banana
battery (wet)
bean
berry
black currant
bluebercy
bologna
break(s)
bunch (of)
bus ticket
card
carrot
carton
(of liquid)
(of solid)
caulif lower
cherry
C.O.D.
cold cut(s)
conductor
cooler (car)
cottage
cheese
cranberry
grape
grapefruit
kaasutin (23)
ilmakirje (5)
lentoposti (6)
ilmanpaine (5)
omena (4)
banaani (7)
akku (15)
papu (15)
nar ja (1)
mustaviinimarja
mustikka (4)
teemakkara (4)
jarru (15)
nippu (15)
bussilippu (15)
kortti (6)
porkkana (4)
tlkki (6)
pakkaus (32)
kukkakaali (6)
kirsikka (4)
postiennakko (16)
leikkele (5)
rahasta ja (3)
jhdytin (23)
raejuusto (15)
karpalo (16)
viiniryple (5)
greippi (6)
cucumber
dairy
direction
dispatch (mail)
dri ver
(commercial)
entranee
express letter
fault
fee (eharge,
eost)
full/whole milk
frankfurter
fruit
gasoline
gas station
generator
gram
ham
jumper cables
kind, species
kilogram
letter
lingonbercy
liter
1/10 of a liter
low-fat milk
mark (money)
market place
meat
meter, gauge
Substantii veja
(lava)kurkku (15)
meijeri (7)
suunta (3)
lhetys (32)
kuljettaja (3)
rappu (15)
pikakirje (5)
vika (1)
maksu (15)
kulutusmaito (15)
nakki (6)
hedelm (3)
bensiini (6)
bensa-asema (3)
generaattori (7)
gramma (1)
kinkku (15)
apukaapelit (7)
laji (6)
kilo (15)
kirje (5)
puolukka (4)
litra (1)
desilitra (1)
kevytma Ho (15)
markka (l)
tori (6)
liha (1)
mittari (7)
money order
postiosoitus (32)
motor, engine moottori (7)
mushroom
sieni (8)
oil
ljy (15)
orange
appelsiini (6)
parcel
paketti (6)
parking
parkkeeraus (32),
paikoitus (32)
parsley
pe r s il j a (4)
pea
herne (5)
peach
persikka (4)
pear
pryn (4)
penny
penni (6)
perch
ahven (22)
piece
pala (1)
pike
hauki (8)
plum
luumu (15)
product
tuote (5)
radiator
jhdytin (23)
(ear)
raspberry
vadelma (3)
sausage
makkara(4)
seleetion
valikoima (3)
self-serviee itsepalvelu (15)
serviee
huoltamo (15),
huoltoasema (3)
supermarket
valintamyyml (4)
stop (bus)
pyskki (7)
strawberry
mansikka (4)
tank
tankki (6)
tire, ring
rengas (30)
VII-l
Nouns, cont'd
towtruck
transfer ticket
trout
tune-up
hinausauto (15)
siirtolippu (15)
taimen (22)
yleistarkastus (32)
tune-up
turn
vegetable
whipping cream
Verbs
ali.ght,
get up
check,
inspect
do, be good
enough
following, next
fragile
nousta (15)
tarkastaa (2)
kelvata (18)
seuraava (3)
srkyv (3)
whitefish
windshield
wiper
siika (1)
tuuli.lasi (6)
pyyhin (23)
Verbej
tankata (18)
jd (9) intr.
start
(a car)
stop
Adjectives
Adjektiiveja
non-fat
ordinary
registered
rasvaton (24)
tavallinen (25)
kirjattu (15)
vhenunn
epkunnossa
mraikaishuolto (15)
vuoro (15)
vi hannes (32)
kuohukerma (1)
Substantiiveja
under
broken
Adverbeja ja muita
alle
rikki
Iblown out
puhki
VII-2
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SCENE 9
In the bus
Bussissa
1. jakso
A. Kuljettaja~ Meneek tm
bussi Hakaniemen torille?
B. Ei mene. Tm menee aivan
eri suuntaan. Tm on
Munkkivuoren bussi.
Meneeks t
2. jakso
A. pysyttk heti: Kuinka
min nyt psen Hmeentielle?
Mites
ma
raitsikkaan.
3. jakso
A. Kuinka usein se kulkee?
Kelpaako tm bussi lippu
raitiovaunussa?
.
.
Mites
Kelpaaks t
raitsikassa?
t
.
m nousen ..
Sequence 1
A. Driver: Does this bus go
ta the Hakaniemi market place?
B. No, it doesn't. This one goes
in a quite different direction.
This is the bus to Munkkivuori.
Sequence 2
.
A. stop at once~ How am 1 now going
to get to Hmeentie?
B. You can get off at the next stop
and change to streetcar number
ten.
Sequence 3
A. How often does it run?
Is this bus ticket valid on the
streetcar?
B. Every eight minutes.
The ticket is valid alI right,
but give this transfer ticket to
the fare collector.
A. Thanks aIot: Let's hope 1 get
on the right streetcar.
VII-3
Korkeasaaren laiturille?
streetcar
Kauppatorille?
bus
Etelsatamaan?
Does this { train
go to
steetcar
Stadionille?
Korkeasaari pier?
the market place?
South Harbor?
the Stadium?
Erottajalle?
Mannerheimintielle?
{ Aleksanterinkadulle?
asemalle?
Erottaja?
How do I
M-tie?
now get to { A-katu?
the station?
= numero
kuutonen (kutonen)
= numero
kakkonen
seitsikko (seiska)
kolmonen
kahdeksikko ( kasi)
nelonen
yhdeksikk (ysi)
viitonen (vitonen)
kymppi
"
10
route no. l
ykkstie
nelostie
viitostie
Munkkini.emi
Etu-Tl
Ruskeasuo
Tl.
5
10
route no. 4
route no 5
.
'
VII-4
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SCENE 10
Kauppahallissa:
M ::; myyj
Lihakoju
At the market
A ::; asiakas
4. jakso
M. Kenen vuoro?
A. Minun. saisinko
leikkeleit?
s
Kenes vuoro?
Mun. saisinks m.
M. Mit lajia?
A. Teemakkaraa, kinkkua ja tuota,
200 grammaa kutakin.
= customer
sequence 4
s. Who's next7
C. 1 am. Could 1 have some
cold cuts7
S. What kind?
Heijerituotteita
5. jakso
A. Kilo munia. Onko tuoretta
maalaisleip? Pantaisiin yksi
hapanlimppu. Ja pala tahkojuustoa.
= salesperson
c.
nairy products
Onks
sopiiks t
.
.
sequence 5
C. One kilo of eggs. DO you
have fresh country bread?
1 would take one sour rye loaf.
And a piece of swiss cheese.
s. Is this piece alI right? It
weighs 1/2 a kilogram.
C. Perhaps a little less. And a
carton of low-fat milk and a
two-desiliter bottle of whipping
cream.
saaks olla
s. Anything else?
A. Kiitos, ei muuta.
C. No, thanks.
VII-5
Saisinko
Haluaisin
teemakkaraa?
leikkeleit?
lihaa?
makkaraa?
nakkeja?
teet?
juustoa?
munia?
sokeria?
kahvia?
litran
.
kevytmaitoa.
kulutusmaitoa.
puoli litraa
puolitoista litraa rasvatonta maitoa.
suuri
pieni
litran
puolen litran
kahden desilitran
puolen litran
litran
tlkki
tlkki
pullo
pakkaus
maitoa
piim
kefiiri
kermaa
kuohukermaa
kahvikermaa
jtel
Could I have
I would like
to have
a
a
a
a
big
small
one-liter
half-liter
bologna?
cold cuts?
meat?
sausage?
franks?
200 g
1 kg
1/2 kg
af
1 1/2 kg
1/4 kg
1 liter
1/2 liter
of
) 1 1/2 liters
carton af
a two-desiliter
a half-liter
a one-liter
tea?
cheese?
eggs?
sugar?
coffee?
low-fat milk.
whale milk.
non-fat milk.
milk
buttermilk
buttermilk
cream
VII-6
SCENE 10
Kalahallissa
6. jakso
A. saisinko kaksi kiloa
tuoreita silakoita?
M. Rouva on hyv.
Sequence 6
C. Could 1 have 2 kilograms
of fresh Baltic herring?
S. Here you are.
Onks .
M. Valitettavasti ei thn
aikaan vuodesta.
.
.
s.
Kauppatorilla
7. jakso
M. Uusia perunoita: Uusia
perunoita:
Sequence 7
S. New potatoes: New potatoes:
Mulle
Pannaanks
..
VII-7
Haluaisin litran
f
Haluaisin
nipun
lohta?
ahvenia?
haukea?
siikaa?
muikkuja?
mar joja.
sieni.
uusia perunoita.
sokeriherneit.
porkkanoita.
tilli.
persiljaa.
selleri.
ottaisin viel
kimpun kukkia.
I'd like
I'd like
a bunch of
a liter of
Could 1 have
a kilo of
salmon?
perch?
pike?
whitefish?
whitefish?
plums?
apples?
oranges?
bananas?
cherries?
berries.
mushrooms.
new potatoes.
snow peas.
carrots.
dill.
parsley.
celery.
Marjat
the berries
mustikka
puolukka
vadelma
lakka
karpalo
mustaviinimarja
luumuja?
omenoita?
appelsiineja?
banaaneja?
kirsikoita?
blueberry
Ii ngonbe r ry
raspberry
cloudberry
cranberry
black currant
mustikoita
puolukoita
vadelmia
lakkoja
karpaloita
mustaviinimarjoja
Kauppatori.
on edullinen ruokailupaikka.
Savusilakoita voi ostaa
suoraan veneest.
VII-8
SCENE 11
Bensa-asemalla
....................
Sequence 8
B. Minklaista?
Millasta
A. Ysikakkosta.
Tai odottakaa: Vain kaksikymment litraa ysiysi.
Vain kakskyt
. .. .. . .. .. . . . . .
A. 92 oetane.
Or wait: Only twenty liters of
99
8. jakso
A. Tankki
tyteen~
9. jakso
B. Tarkastetaanko ljy ja
. ilmanpaine?
Tarkastetaanks
A. Kyll, ja pissapojassa ei
ole vett.
10. jakso
A. Haloo, voitteko lhett
hinausauton? En saa autoa
kyntiin.
B. Vika voi olla akussa.
teill apukaapelit?
.. .. .
Onko
Joo,
..
00
..
voitteks te
m en saa.
..
Onk s
..
...............................
...............................
Paljonks m oon.
A. Fill i t
up~
Sequence 9
B. Shall we eheek the oil and
air pressure?
A. Yes, and there is no water in the
windshield washer.
Sequence 10
A. Hello, eould you send a tow truek?
1 eannot get the ear started.
B. The problem may be in the battery.
Do you have jumper cables?
A. Yes, but they didn't help. By the
way, how much does it eost? How much
do 1 owe you?
VII-9
Use sequences 8, 9, and 10 by substituting for the under1ined words with the fo11owing variations.
Tankki tyteen ysikakkosta.
Viidenkympin edest ysikuutosta.
Kaksikymment litraa ysiysi.
Tarkastetaanko
jhdyttimen vesi?
generaattori?
renkaat?
{ jarrut?
valot?
Akussa
Jhdyttimess
Tuulilasin pyyhkimess
ei ole vett.
ITSEPALVELU
self-service
TANKKAA ITSE
self-service
moottorissa.
jarruissa.
valoissa.
vaihteissa.
generaattorissa.
kaasuttimessa.
Rengas on puhki.
Jarrut ovat rikki/eivt toimi.
Valot ovat epkunnossa.
There's no water
in the battery.
~n the radiator.
{ 1n the windshield wiper.
HUOLTAMO
service station
in
1n
in
in
in
1n
the
the
the
the
the
the
engine.
brakes.
lights.
gears.
generator.
accelerator.
VII-lO
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
SCENE 12
ppostissa
11. jakso
A. Minulla on lentopostikirje
.Mit t
Sequence 11
A. I have an airmail 1etter to
the States. How much does it eost?
kakskyt
.
.
.
.
Ja sit t
Sequenee 13
A. This parce1 eontains fragile
goods.
Meneeks se
Sequenee 12
A. And then this parcel.
c.
Will it go registered or
regu1ar mail?
Ma
Sequence 14
A. There is a gift in the pareel. I
wou1d like to send it home delivery.
kuus
POSTIMERKIT
stamps
TULEVA POSTI
Incoming mail
LKHTEVX POSTI
Outgoing maU
KIRJATUT LKHETYKSET
Registered mail
POSTIOSOITUKSET
Money orders
ilmakirje
kirje
{
pikakirje
Saisinko
erikoismerkkej?
tavallisia kirjemerkkej?
{ Punaisen Ristin merkkej?
Ertkoismerkeist
Euroopan ulkopuolelle
Pikakirjeest
Meneek se
Ame rikkaan.
on lismaksu.
vakuutettuna
kirjattuna lhetyksen?
{ tavallisena
Tyttk tm
kaavake.
kortti.
{ lomake.
have
an airgram
a letter
to the States.
{ a special
deli very letter
special
regular
{ Red Cross
Will it go
certified
registered
{ regular
stamps?
mail?
form.
card.
{ form.
postiennakkona.
kotiinkannettuna.
1 would Itke to send it
{ viisikymmenprosenttisena.
C.O.D.
home delivery.
special handling.
VII-12
USEFUL INFORMATION
study the chart.
children.
Then take the role of a client, select the right ticket for yourself, your wife, and
( HKL
Kertalippu, aikuiset
lapset
sarjalippu, aikuiset
lapset
30 pv lippu, aikuiset
lapset
Vuosi lippu
nyt
4,20
1,60
38,00
8,50
77 ,00
26,00
770,00
mk
mk
mk
mk
mk
mk
mk
uusi
4,60
1,70
41,00
9,00
85,00
28,00
850,00
mk
mk
mk
mk
mk
mk
mk
HKL:lla on ensi vuonna 30 pivn lippu mys lapsille, invalideille ja sellaisille elkelisille, jotka
saavat tukilis ja/tai asumistukea. Lapsen ylikraja on 16 vuotta. Vanhat kerta-, sarja- ja
matkailijaliput ovat voimassa 13. 1. 1984 yliikenteen loppuun.
30 pivn liput ovat voimassa leimapivn asti.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ilman
kuljettajaa
Kavcruksct olivat Lontoossll ja
.ajoivat ensimmist kertaa kak'sikerroksisella bussilla.
Toinen kiipesi ylkc,!okseen, mut
ta tuli saman tien
takaisin.
- Miksi
tulet pois?
toincn kysyi.
- Siell
ci ollut
kuljcttajaa.
Mit B siell teet, Isl? Olet sA vlisyny17
VII-13
1. Etelsatama
2. Erottaja
3. Korkeasaaren laituri
4. stadion
5. Katajanokka
6. Etu-Tl
Bayleaf
Caraway
Cayenne
Chervil
Chili
Chives
Clove
Coriander
Cumin
Garlic
laakerinlehti
kumina
cayennepippuri
kirveli
espanjanpippuri
ruohosipuli
neilikka
kor ianteri .
kumina
valkosipuli
Ginger
Mace
Marjoram
Nutmeg
poppyseed
Rosemary
Saffron
S~ge
Sesame
Thyme
inki vri
muskottikukka
meirami
muskOttiphkin
unikonsiemen
rosmariini
sahrami
salvia
seesami
timjami
VII-15
study the instructions below. Then imagine that you find a 'lappuliisa' meter maid ticketing your
car. Explain that the meter ia malfunctioning, give a detailed account of the hour you fed the meter,
the amount of money, ete.
Paikoitusmittari
1 maksuvyhyke
15 min.
50 p
30 min. - 1 mk
60 min. - 2 mk (enintn)
~uking
Raha-aukko
Toimii vain 50 p:n ja 1 mk:n rahoilla
Coin sIat
Operates only with coins of 50 pennies and 1 mark
pyskimisohje
Arkipivisin 8 - 17 (8 -15)
on pyskinti sallittu vain maksua
vastaan. Mittarin vahingoittaminen
on laillisen edesvastuun uhalla
kielletty.
Parking regulations
On weekdays parking is permitted
only for a charge. Meter violation
is punishable by law.
meter
1 pay zone
15 min. - 50 pennies
30 min. - 1 mark
60 min. -.2 marks (maximum)
Tow trucks
Autokorjaamoja
Huoltoasemia
Autohuoltoasemia
Automobile serviee
"
"
Autoliikkeit
Automobile dealers
VII-16
POSTI PAKETTI
POsTPAKET
UhlllIlI
Anlndar
lml 1. po.1l0.01l0
n.mn och p..
,.dm.
Numoroln",.d .lIlrar
Yakuulusarvo
Po.llmorkkoll ml..
f6r IrJmllkon
Anranlllrd.
Uld.Jnlnglldro..
SiIlIIn Inn.hlll
Paino VIki
L--
j'-----
lIM6Iu,".lon no
A,gtng"ogl.lrol. nl
----'---
Tulol Il.lon no
Ankom.lregl.lrel. nl
---L-
L.-
-'
VII-17
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COMPREHENSIN EXERCISES
1.
Listen to this conversation and mark the box with true or fa1se, as appropriate.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5~
The wife can't read because her husband's hat is in the way.
6.
2. Listen to the conversation on the tape and write down how the cities figure on the tape.
New York
Ba1timore
Washington
3. Listen to the conversation on the tape. Try to decide who is ta1king to whom, about what,
and with what resu1ts.
Who
Where
About what
What results
4.
Listen to the three conversations again, and then rete11 the whole sequence in your own way.
5.
Listen to this short conversation and mark the appropriate box with true or false.
T
F
1. The bus goes to the railway station.
2.
FUNCTION PRACTICES
Take the role of each person in the following exercises.
1.
At a bus stop
ask the driver/fellow passenger what buses/routes and streetcars you have to take to get
to work/to Stockmann's/to the train station, etc.
2.
3.
4.
Exchange
you have bought the wrong product
try to negotiate an exchange
5.
6.
VII-19
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READING
PQSTI- JA
LENNXTINHALLITUS
Ryhmiinjako
Posti lhetykset on jaettu kuljetuksen ja jakelun
suhteen kahteen ryhmn: 1. luokan ja 2. luokan
postiin. 1. luokan posti kUljetetaan osoitetoimipaikkaan nopeimmalla mahdollisella postinkuljetusvuorolla ja jaetaan ensimmisell postinkantovuorolla.
Ensimmisen luokan posti
1. luokan postia ovat:
- kirjeet ja postikortit
pikalhetykset
posti- ja postiennakko-osoitukset
useammin kuin kerran viikossa ilmestyvt
sanoma- ja aikakauslehdet ja posti- ja lenntinhallituksen erikseen mrmt harvemmin
ilmestyvt lehdet (esim. paikallislehdet).
Toisen luokan posti
2. luokan posti voidaan kuljettaa muullakin
kuin nopeimmalla mahdollisella postinkuljetusmuodolla ja jaetaan yleens saapumispivn
jlkeisen pivn.
VII-20
UNIT VII
STRUCTURAL NOTES
VII-A
tm
nom.
gen.
part.
esso
transl.
iness.
elat.
illat.
adess.
ablat.
allat.
Note:
Note:
this
nm these
niden
nit
nin
niksi
niss
nist
nihin
nill
nilt
nille
Remember that
VII-B
nom.
acc.
gen.
part.
esso
transl.
iness.
elat.
illat.
adess.
ablat.
allat.
'ne'
tuo
that
nuo those
noiden
noita
noina
noiksi
noissa
noista
noihin
noilla
noilta
noille
se
this, that, it
it
s9
plo
s9
kuka who
kenet
kenen
ket
ken
keneksi
keness/kess
kenest/kest
keneen/kehen
kenell/kell
kenelt/kelt
kenelle/kelle
ketk
ketk
keiden
keit
kein
keiksi
keiss
keist
keihin
keill
keilt
keille
mik
mink
mit
min
miksi
miss
mist
mihin
mill
milt
mille
'kuka, mik'
plo
what
mitk
continue as in the sin9ular
VII-2l
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
VII-C
1. Uusia perunoita:
New potatoesl
5. Ostan
1 1 11 buy bananas.
banaane~.
How to form
words longer than two syllables may get various plo forms
alI variations are not listed 1n the eNO (whieh enabled us to eut down the number of
model categories from 82 to 38l)
ehoiee of the form depends on style, reg1.onal difEerenees, or personai preEerenee
Letls look at some examples in diEEerent eategoriesl
form and understand the others.
1.
declined both as 3
and as
gen.pl.
nom.sg.
asema
asema
peruna
Amerikka peruna
asem/ien
perun/ien
lain
lain
Amerik/oiden perun/oiden
joitten
joitten
/kojen
/ojen
/kain
lain
*4
peruna
Amerikka:
part.pl.
potato
illat. plo
asemia
perunia
asemi. 1.n
peruniin
Amerik/oita
/koja
perun/oita
/oja
Ame ri ko 1.h in
perunoi.hi.n
VII-22
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2.
declined as , 4 Amerikka:
silakka
Balt ie herring
nom.sg.
nom.pl.
gen.pl.
part.pl.
illat. plo
silakka
silakat
silak/oiden
loitten
Ikojen
Ikain
silak/oita
Ikoja
sUakoihin
mustikka
mansikka
puolukka
3.
declined as
ostaja
Note:
'3
asema:
ostajat
words ending in
opiskeli jat
-ja/-j:
ostaj/ien
lain
kalastaja
laulaja
opiskelija
(opiskella)
blueberry
strawber'ry
lingonberry
kirsikka
persikka
cherry
peach
ostaja
buyer
ostajia
fisherman
singer
ostajiin
kantaja
matkustaja
porter
passenger
opiskelij/oiden
loitten
lain
lojen
opiskelijoita
urheU ija
maanvil jel i j
virkail i ja
sportsman
farmer
civilian officer
ravintola
restaurant
-~)
are
opiskeli joihin
kuuntelija
katselija
vierail i ja
listener
onlooker
guest
VII-23
4.
declined as
ammatti:
words ending in
nom.pl.
gen.pl.
puutarhurit
puutarhur/ien
puutarhure/ita
/eiden
/ja
/eUten
Note:
5.
-ri:
# 6
banaanit
pankki:
.banaanien
banaaneE
puutarhureihin
tohtori
lkri
doctor
physician/doctor
insinri
kuvernri
engineer
governor
banaani
banana
banaaneihin
pankki
appelsiini
6.
declined as 20
korkea:
makei/den
/tten
makeat
words ending in
makeita
M.A.
illat.pl.
part.pl.
declined as
maisteri
bank
orange
-ea/-e
makeihin
sweet
pime
ruskea
vihre
dark
brown
green
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.
asiat
laU iat
compare
* 20:
words ending in
asioi/den
/tten
asiain
latt ioi/den
lUen
latt iain
-ia/-i
asioita
asioihin
matter
lattioita
lattioihin
floor
VIl-24
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VII-D
ESSIVE
-na/-n
1.
Lapse~
asuin Suomessa.
Hn on opettajana Turussa.
Meneek se kirjattuna kirjeen?
2.
Tulen tn iltana.
3.
How to form
drop the illati Ve ending -Vn/-seen
add -na/-n, according to vowel harmony, P-7
illat. sg.
nom.sg.
poika
rakas
When to use
1.
poika-an
rakkaa-seen
poika-na
rakkaa-na
4.
translates as
boy
dear
to describe the state or capacity of the subject at the time of the action;
as or sometimes as -ly, but note the difference
Mies si nlkisen.
Mies si nlkisesti.
2.
ess.sg.
can be expressed by
VII-25
VII-E
ABESSIVE
-tta/-tt
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dow to form
add
-tta/-tt
nom.sg.
poika
rakas
poja-n
rakkaa-n
abess.sg.
poja-tta
rakkaa-tta
III info
teke-msy-m-
strong grade
boy
dear
-ma-/-m-
+ -tta/-tt
abessive
teke-m-tt
sy-m-tt
without working
without eating
When to use
1. -
partitive
VII-26
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2.
with verbs, the abessive has the meaning without doingvery common both in spoken and literary language
Sanomatta paras.
3.
4.
VU-F
voida
olla
111
info
-tta/-tt
KUkIN
VII-27
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VII-G
Dow to form
1. in the affirmative
replace the present passive ending
present passive
past passive
sydn
tullaan
ollaan
sytiin
pantiin
tultiin
oltiin
to
to
to
to
ymmrt
ottaa
tavata
ymmrretn
otetaan
tavataan
ymmrrettiin
otettiin
tavattiin
to understand
to take
to meet
nousta
noustaan
noustiin
1 info
syd
panna
tulla
olla
2.
pan~
in the negative:
ei
eat
put
come
be
VII-2a
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VII-H
Me ei saatu pakettia.
Ei .!!!yy!.y.
How to form
the ending is
the ending is
past pass.
ote-tti in
men-tiin
tava-ttiin
was taken
was gone
was met
ote-ttu
men-ty
tava-ttu
participle
taken
gone
met
past pass.
negative
ei ote-ttu
ei men-ty
ei tava-ttu
When to use
to form the negative past passive
for other uses, see present and past perfect IX-A, IX-B, past conditional X-D,
past potential XIV-D, as an adjective XI-E, and after-clause XIII-E
VII-I
1.
2.
Haluan kumpaakin.
3.
En halua kumpaakaan.
4.
Whichever.
5.
6.
VII-29
both
neither one
both
either one
nom.
kumpi
kumpikin
ei kumpikaan
molemmat
jompikumpi
gen.
kumman
kummankin
ei kummankaan
jommankumman
part.
kumpaa
kumpaakin
ei kumpaakaan
moI em/pien
/pain
molempia
jompaakumpaa
iness.
kummassa
kummassakin
ei kummassakaan
molemmissa
jommassakummassa
elat.
kummasta
kummastakin
ei kummastakaan
molemmista
jommastakummasta
illat.
kumpaan
kumpaankin
ei kumpaankaan
molempiin
jompaankumpaan
adess.
kummalla
kummallakin
ei kummallakaan
molemmilla
jommallakummalla
ablat.
kummalta
kummaltakin
ei kummaltakaan
molemmilta
jommaltakummalta
allat.
kummalie
kummallekin
ei kummallekaan
molemmille
jommallekummalle
transl.
kummaksi
kummaksikin
ei kummaksikaan
molemmiksi
jommaksikummaksi
esso
kumpana
kumpanakin
ei kumpanakaan
molempina
jompanakumpana
when to use:
singular
jompikumpi
2. kumpikin
3. ei kumpikaan
4. kumpi tahansa/hyvns
Plural
Note:
5. when talking about a pair or about two groups, alI of these pronouns
may be used in the plural:
kummat, jommatkummat, kummat tahansa
kummatkin, ei kummatkaan
6. molemmat
both (only in the plural)
'ei ' inflects in alI persons as usual
En halua kumpaakaan.
Emme ottaneet kumpaakaan.
UNIT VIII
SCENES 13 - 16
Substantii veja
back
bank box
bank draft
beltway
birch (leaf)
whisk
brush
bypass
case
certificate
of deposit
checking
account
countryside
dead end
debt
difference
selk (2)
pankkilokero (16)
pankkisiirto (15)
kehtie (17)
vihta (1),
vasta (1)
harja (1)
ohitustie (17)
tapaus (]2)
mraikaistalletustili (6)
kytttili (6),
shekkitili (6)
maaseutu (15)
umpikuja (2)
velka (1)
ero (15)
dressingroom
exit
exit (from a
highway)
experience
crossroads
freeway
freeway
(channe1)
greetings
interest
(monetary)
loan
night letter
overdraft
(of an account)
per cent
pukuhuone (5)
uloskynti (6)
liittym (])
Verbs
be able to
beware,
look out
be warm
bill
cross
deliver
deposit
experiment
pysty (8)
varoa (8)
tareta (20)
laskuttaa (2)
ylitt (2)
toimi ttaa (2)
perille
tallettaa (2)
kokeilla (13)
feel drowsy
get used to
heat, warm
lift
overtake
roast
roast
save
stop
raukaista (15)
tottua (8)
lnunit* intr.
nostaa (2)
ohittaa (2)
paistua (8) intr.
paistaa (1) tr.
sst (2)
pyshty (8) intr.
Adjectives
domestic
crazy
Verbej
study,
research
transfer
throw water
on the sauna
stove
withdraw
(money)
wash
tutkia (7)
siirt (3) tr.
lyd (10) lyly
nostaa (2)
pest (15)
Adjektiiveja
kotima.inen (25)
hullu (15)
IlimitleSS
rajaton (24)
niinkuin
puhelimi tse
Adverbeja ja muita
monthly
quarterly
kuukausittain
neljnnesvuosittain
no entry
obligatory
one way
overtaking
pedestrian
crossing
pothole, bump
prohibited
rail, track
railway
right of way
still
viel
Motoring words
AAA
attention
bicycle path
cease, end
curve (on
the road)
customs
station
detour
driving
driver's
license
ferry
first-aid
station
general
guarded
height
highway
international
intersection
lane
level
crossing
Types of vehicles
retkeilyvaunu
camper
ptkkubussi,
minibus
pienoisbussi
pakettiauto
panel truck
henkilauto
passenger car
speed
stopping
traffic circle
traffic lights
traffic signs
turn
unguarded
vehicle
warning
warning signal
weight
kuoppa (2)
kielletty (15)
raide (5)
rautatie (17)
etuajo-oikeus (33),
etuajo-oikeutettu (15)
ajonopeus (33)
pyshtyminen (25), pysyttminen (25)
liikenneympyr (4)
liikennevalot (15) plo
liikennemerkit (6) plo
knns (32)
vartioimaton (24)
ajoneuvo (15)
varoitus (32)
varoitusmerkki (6)
paino (15)
pickup truck
station wagon
trailer truck
truck
avolavapakettiauto
farmariauto
rekka(-auto)
kuorma-auto
AJOKAISTA
lane
VIII-2
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SCENE 13
Pankissa
1. jakso
A. Haluaisin avata shekkitilin.
At the bank
M haluaisin
Sequence 1
A. 1 would like to open a
checking account.
Millasta te
ootte ajatellu?
M oon ja m.
me suositellaan
ajatellut?
" " " " " " kak s" " " .'
2. jakso
B. Miss valuutassa haluatte avata
tilin?
A. Yhdysvaltain dollareissa.
Maksetaanko shekkitilille korkoa?
Sequence 2
B. In what currency do you want
to open the account?
Maksetaanks
korkoo?
A. In US dollars.
Do you pay interest on the
checking account?
korkoo
Sequence 3
A. How often can one draw money
from the account?
B. Ei. Valuuttatalletustilille
rahaa?
B. Shekkitililt rajattomasti ja
VIII-3
) kyttti. Ii. n.
j tilin.
t ssttili.n.
Suosittelemme
mraikaistalletustil i.
karttuvaa talletustili.
liuotollista shekkitili.
We recommend
Korkoa maksetaan
neljnnesvuosittain.
puolivuosittain.
1kuukausittain.
Interest is paid
a checking account.
an account.
. a savings account.
a certificate of deposit.
an accumulating savings account.
a checking account with overdraft
facil i ties.
quarterly.
half-yearly.
monthly.
Ask for and provide the necessary information, using the expressions below.
Mink summan haluatte
Paljonko haluatte
maksaa
tallettaa
panna
ottaa
nostaa
siirt
tilille?
t i.l ilt?
Which amount do
you want ta
How much do you
want ta
pay
deposit
1 put
take
withdraw
transfer
in the account?
VIII-4
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SCENE 14
Sending a telegram
Shkeen lhettminen
Voinks m
Sequence 4
A. Can 1 send a telegram by phone?
Joo voit
5. jakso
Sequence 5
C. The telegraph office.
reception.
4. jakso
A. Voinko lhett shkeen
puhelimitse?
C. Teletoimisto. Shksanomain
vastaanotto.
.
.
Telegraph
.
Lhettteks te
Miks niillon?
halvemmaks
kakskytkaks
No, m lhetn
6. jakso
A. Miten se maksetaan?
Mitesse
Sequence 6
A. How does one pay for it?
Me laskutetaan se
c.
yhteydess.
at least 22 words
VIII-5
USEFUL INFORMATION
Use these additional expressions with sequences 4 and 5.
Se toimitetaan perille {puhelimitse.
postitse.
It
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
= Bertta
= Celsius
= Daavid
;:
;:
;:
Eemeli
Faarao
Gideon
Heikki
I i var i
Jussi
K
L
M
N
0
;:
;:
R
S
T
;:
;:
Kalle
Lauri
Matti
Niilo
otto
Paavo
Kuu
Risto
Sakari
Tyyne
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Urho
Vihtori
kaksinkertainen V
= ks
;:
Yrj
;: Tseta
;:
ruotsalainen 0
iti
= ljy
* In Finland you will usually be asked whether you want your domestic telegram to go as
'tavallisena' "regular" or 'korushkeen' (on decorated paper at a surcharge). The decorative
telegrams are often used in place of greeting cards.
VIII-6
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SCENE 15
Matkalla maaseudulle
7. jakso
A. Olemmeko jo Ylittneet kehtien?
Onko tm Lnsivyl?
lukeen .......
8. jakso
A. Jos kyttisit lukulasejasi,
niin nkisit paremmin.
Sequence 8
A. If you would use your reading
glasses, you would see better
m en nkis lukee
9. jakso
A. Katsoisitko kartasta mik tuo
liittym on? Olisikohan se
oikot ie?
Katsositkos toi
Oliskohan
Sequence 7
A. Have we already crossed
the beltway? Is this the
western freeway?
Jos s ajanu
pysyttny, niimm
nhny
Kato~
Sequence 9
A. Would you look on the map what
exit that is? Could it be
a shortcut, by any chance?
B. If you had driven to the side
and stopped, I would have seen
the road signe
Look~
Now you have driven to a dead
end: How do we get to the Pori
road now?
VIII-7
Onko tm
Mik tuo
keh kolmosen?
keh ykksen?
nelostien?
ohitustien?
Itvyl?
Turunvyl?
Tuusulantie?
Vihdintie?
Hmeenlinnanvyl?
liittym
tienhaara on?
ulosmenotie
beltway three?
beltway one?
route four?
\ the bypass?
Have we crossed
1s this the
What is that
eastern freeway?
Turku freeway?
Tuusula highway?
Viht i. highway?
Hmeenli.nna freeway?
exit?
fork in the road?
freeway out of town?
Lnsi.vyllle?
Turunt ielle?
kehtielle?
ykkstielle?
VIII-8
SCENE 16
Saunassa
A = isnt
= vieras
10. jakso
A. Tulkaa meille maalle saunaan.
Otetaan hyvt lylyt lauantaiiltana.
B.
Kiitos~
1n the sauna
A = host B = guest
= emnt
minulle.
hostess
Sequence 10
A. Come to our sauna in the
country. Let's enjoy a hot sauna
on Saturday evening.
11. jakso
A. Menevtk naiset vai miehet ensin?
Meneeks
12. jakso
A. Lydnk lis lyly?
Lydnks
sequence 12
A. Shall We throw some more water
on the stones?
.
.
B. l toki: Jo riitt:
13. jakso
A. Se teki hyv. Nyt otetaan
lis lyly. Haluatko kokeilla
vihtaa? Sill kyl vetn tll
tavalle.
En
Haluaks .
..
.
00
viel tottunu
Sequence 13
A. That felt goode Let's have more
heat now. 00 YOU want to try the
whisk? You whisk yourself
like this.
B. Perhaps not this time yet.
1 am not yet used to the sauna.
VIII-9
lYlyyn.
saunaan.
vihtaan.
vastaan.
heat.
sauna.
whisk.
1
Terveisi
Juodaan
kirkosta.
saunasta.
rapakon takaa.
Liisalta.
~ Liisalle.
1Suomeen.
ki rkkokahvi t.
sauna kahvi t.
aamukahvit.
pivkahvH.
church.
the sauna.
beyond the mud hole (America).
Liisa.
Greetings from
1
Greetings to
Li i.sa.
Finland.
Let's have
Saunahullut
Nyt vieraillesi kuinka kuumaksi
tm saunasi lmpi. Paista
samalla pari ulkomaalaista.
VIII-IO
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14. jakso
A. Saanko pest selksi?
Sequence 14
A. May 1 wash your back?
selks?
Tsson harja.
B. Terveisi saunasta:
VIII-ll
study the different stages of a sauna bath and then describe what the man does in the picture.
READING. Translate this with the help of the Glossary. Report what you are expected to do in emergency
situations here, and interview your teacher about emergency practices in Finland.
Sisasiainministerin pelastusosasto tiedottaa
Yleinen hlytysmerkki
Yleinen hlytysmerkki:
nouseva ja laskeva, yhtmittainen sireenin ni
J\../'\.J
3 Avaa radio.
!.
'
..
IMI
. . . . . . .;1
VI II-13
,
You want to congratulate somebody on having a baby/a wedding/a birthday/an anniversary.
You want to express your condolences.
Select the appropriate form from the picture.
~
~
.~
II h
l~ ~
.\ "
l~
'1
1
SHKSANOMA
SAHKSANOMA
.7.
VI II-14
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You want to drive from point A to point 8. Explain the meaning of the traffic signs
you pass on the way.
VIII-15
You want to go from point A to point B. Explain the traffic signs you pass on the way.
the same thing by going from point C to point D and from B ta c.
Then do
VIII-16
LENTOASEMA
Airprt
NE LOSTIE
Rout e Number 4
.-AUTOLAUTTA
-_ OH
ITU STI E
Bypass
HELSINKI
How would you get out of
Helsinki if you wanted to go to:
a) Turku?
b) Pori?
c) Tampere?
d) Lahti?
Which freeways, highways, etc.,
do you use when you come to school?
VlII-l7
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SHKSANOMAIN
VASTAANOrrO
COMPREHBNSION EXBRCISBS
th~n
021
- the name and address of the person who sends the te1egram
the name and address of the person who receives it
the message
.........................................................
.........................................
................................................................
2. Listen to the tape and eheck the appropriate box to mark your answer.
T
VIII-la
3. Listen to the tape and check the appropriate box to mark your answer.
= Mosse
b = Volkkari
1. parempi
2. nopeampi
3. tyylikkmpi
4. taloUdellisempi
5. lujempi
KEY
2.
3.
4.
lF
lT
lb
2T
2T
2b
3T
3F
3b
4T
4F
4a
5F
5T
5a
6F
VIII-l9
FUNCTION PRACTICES
Sauna
- decline/accept an invitation to come to the sauna
- without offending your host, explain your reason for not coming
- decline/accept politely your host l s offer ta wash your back in the sauna
Useful information about cornmonly used abbreviations for the major Finnish banks.
KOP
Syp
HOP
PPOY
SKOP
Sp
OKO
Op
PSP
=
=
=
=
6. Role play the situation illustrated below, taking the following roles and explaining
your point af view ta the policeman.
the driver of the small car
the eyewitness
the driver of the minibus
VIII-2I
READING
VIII-22
UNIT VIII
STRUCTURAL NOTES
VIII-A
-would have-
How to form
olisi
ei +
Affirmative
(min) olisin
(sin) olisit
hn
olisi
Te olisitte
ajanut
pysyttnyt
nhnyt
(me) olisimme
(te) olisitte
he olisivat
nh~
you
he/she
you (polite)
ajaneet
pysyttneet
nhneet
we
you
they
have
olisi ajanut
~ou
he/she
olisi ajanut
you (polite)
olisi ajaneet
we
you
they
1would
would have
driven
stopped
seen
seen
driven
stopped
seen
Negati ve
When to use
(min)
(sin)
hn
Te
en
et
ei
ette
(me)
(te)
he
emme
ette
eivt
to express -would have done xunlike in English, use the conditional also with 'jos'
-if--clause
(see V-F)
VIII-23
VIII-B
pres.
neg.
'tytyy/pit/tulee'
1 must call.
1 don't have to call.
pres.perf.
neg.
pres.cond.
We should call.
Minulla
past
neg.
neg.
past cond.
neg.
VIII-24
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VIII-C
COMPARATIVE OF ADJECTIVES
Dow to form
take a gen. sg. stern
for the singular: add
for the plural:
add
nom. sg.
gen. ag.
comp. nom.
comp. ineas.
comp. illat.
punainen
uusi
terve
rikas
punaise-n
uude-n
tervee-n
rikkaa-n
punaise-mpi
uude- mpi
tervee-mpi
rikkaa-mpi
punaise-mma-ssa
uude-mma-ssa
tervee-mm-ss
rikkaa-mma-ssa
punaise-mpa-an
uude-mpa-an
tervee-mp-n
rikkaa-mpa-an
kyl~
Erikoistapaus:
VIII-25
halva-n
kyl~-n
halv~-mpi
kylm~-mpi
halve-mma-ssa
kYlm~-mm-ss
-e-
redder
newer
healthier
richer
cheaper
colder
Erikoistapaus:
hyv
parempi
paras, parhain
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Exceptional comparativea
nom.
hyv
8g.
plo
pitk
8g.
plo
lmmin
ag.
plo
Note:
gen.
part.
ineaa.
illat.
paremma-n
paremp-i-en
parempa-a
paremp-i-a
paremma-ssa
paremm-i-ssa
parempaa-n
parempi-in
better
pitemm-n
pitempien
pitemp-
pitemp-i-
pitemm-ss
pitemm-i-ss
pitemp-n
pitempi-in
longer
lmpimmm-n
lmpimmp-i-en
lmpimmp-in
lmpimmp-
lmpimmp-i-
lmpimmm-ss
lmpimmm-i-ss
lmpimmp-n
lmpimmp-i-in
warmer
good
parempi
paremmat
long
pitempi
pitemmt
warm
lmpim-mpi
lmpimmmt
'vanha'
old.
nom.pl.
gen.pl.
part.pl.
elat.pl.
illat.pl.
vanhemmat
vanhemp-i-en
vanhemp-a-in
vanhemp-i-a
vanhemm-i-sta
vanhemp-i-in
VIII-26
When to use: you can express a comparison in two alternate ways with no difference in meaning
L
comparat.
'kuin'
than
Matti is older than Pekka.
part.
form
Note:
Matti on vanhahko.
Matti on vanhanpuoleinen.
VIII-D
'yht kuin'
With adjectives
Liisa on yht vaalea kuin Eeva.
Liisa ja Eeva ovat yht vaaleat.
With adverbs
Pekka ajaa yht kovasti kuin hnen isns.
He ajavat yht kovasti.
VIII-27
VIII-E
COMPARATIVE OF ADVERBS
comp. nom.
parempi
Lexicalization note:
ending
plo stern
80ME IDIOH8
We agreed to it by phone.
by surface
by surface
by boat
plo stern
rautateitse
postitse
meritse
-i
-in
+ -i- + -tse
by
comp. adverb
paremm-in
comp. gen.
paremm-an
VIII-F
"by something-:
-an
daily
weekly
monthly
by rail
by mail
by sea
-ttain/-ttin
at times
by kilos
yearly
VIII-28
UNIT IX
SCENES 17 - 19
Nouns
accommodation
ad
announcement
agreement
treaty
amusements
balcony
bedroom
boiler
box (in the
theater)
brothers
camper
trailer
central
heating
eloset
consumer
contract
criticism
reviews
disco
district
heating
drapes
efficiency
(apartment)
electricity
majoitus (32)
ilmoi tus (32)
evening
performance
fireplace
sopimus (32)
(open)
footstool
huvit (6) plo
fraternity
parveke (5)
(regional)
makuuhuone (5)
fuse
keskuslmgarden
mityskattila (4) gas
aitto (21)
heating
idea, thought
veljekset (32) plo janitor
asuntovaunu (15)
kitchenette
mattnee
keskuslmmitys (32)
National Theater
komero (16)
kulutusorchestra
sopimus (32)
( seattng)
arvostelu (16)
parking space
platform
disko (15)
(at the station)
kaukoplay
lmmitys (32)
plumbing
verhot (15) plo
range (cooking)
yksi (21)
real estate
broker
shk (15)
rent
Substantiiveja
iltanyts (32)
(avo)takka
(1)
jakkara (4)
osakunta (2)
residence
(officia1)
review
row, line
ski lessons
ski lodge,
ski cabin
ski trip
space (room)
stage
storage
suburb
virkaasunto (16)
arvostelu (16)
rivi (6)
hiihtokoulu (15)
hiihtomaja (1)
sulake (5)
puutarha (1)
kaasu (15)
lmmitys (32)
ajatus (32)
talonmies (35)
keittokomero (16)
matinea (4), piv- summer cottage
nytnt (16)
switch
Kansallisteatteri. (7)
telephone
permanto (16)
company
tier (in the
paikoitustila (1)
theater)
laituri (7)
second tier
two-room
nytelm (3)
apartment
vesijohdot (15) plo vacation home
hella (1)
vegetable
kiinteistngarden
vli ttj (3)
vehicle
vuokra (2)
water heater
yard
hiihtomatka (1)
tila (1)
nyttm (16)
varasto (16)
esikaupunki (1),
lhi (21)
kesmkki (6)
katkaisi ja (4),
katkaisin (23)
puhelinyhdistys (32)
parveke (5),
parvi (8)
piippuhylly (15)
kaksio (21)
loma-asunto (16)
kasvimaa (18)
kulkuneuvo (15)
vedenvaraaja (3)
piha (1)
IX-l
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Verbs
amuse
catch
dance
decorate
draw up,
compile
huvitella ( 14)
trpt (18)
tanssia (7 )
sisustaa (2)
laat.ia (7)
fetch
organize
present,
perform
proceed
hakea ( 4)
jrjest (2)
esitt ( 2)
menetell (14)
Adjectives
arri ving
furnished
one-floor
possible
saapuva (3)
three-floor
kalustettu (15)
yksitwo-floor
kerroksinen (25)
mahdollinen (25)
redeem
lunastaa ( 2)
renovate,
uusia (7)
renew
take care of hoitaa ( 2),
pit ( 2) huolta
Adjektiiveja
Verbej
Adverbeja ja muita
mukana
Railroad terma
local train
long-distance train
express train
special express train
electric train
light diesel train
freight train
paikallisjuna
kauko juna
pikajuna
erikoispikajuna
shkjuna
kiskoauto
tavara juna
one-way ticket
round-trip ticket
menolippu
meno-paluul ippu
group ticket
family ticket
touring ticket
ryhmlippu
perhelippu
matkailulippu
dining car
sleeper
excursion car
refreshments
through carriage
smokers' car
ravintolavaunu
makuuvaunu
retkeilyvaunu
kahvilavaunu
pivvaunu
tupakkavaunu
IX-2
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SCENE 17
Huoneiston vuokraaminen
1. jakso
A. Me haluaisimme vuokrata
huoneiston. Miten olisi
parasta menetell?
Renting an apartment
Sequence 1
A. We would like to rent an
apartment. What would be
the best way to do it?
Me haluttais
huoneisto.Miten olis
pa r as
2. jakso
B. Kuinka suuren huoneiston
haluaisitte ja mist?
.
te haluaisitte
Sequence 2
B. How big an apartment would
you like and where?
Me tarvitaan kaks
3. jakso
B. No, onko trpnnyt?
Saitko vastauksia ilmoitukseesi?
..
.
Sequence 3
B. Well, have you had any luck?
Did you get any answers to
your ad?
.. Mi oon
M tulin
kattoon
huoneistoo.
~
lX-3
Me haluaisimme vuokrata
Haluaisin huoneiston
edustushuoneiston.
omakotitalon.
rivitalon.
paikoitustilaa.
varastot ilaa.
lnsi suunnalta.
lhist.
kantakaupungista.
We would like to
rent
in
in
in
in
I would like to
have an apartment
Tapi~la-Kauniainen
alueelta.
~uokrata halutaan
. Asu~toj,a
Lkriperhe
~UUjARH. n.mlesas. 20 km
hal. vuokrata
2 vuodeksi 3~5 H
ok-, rt- taike'(r'Os-
~YKs10
'rAivAST. P..113982.
I
tai
...
~llt.'763649 Uskovien
Apal,
a luxury apartment.
a house.
a townhouse.
a parking space.
storage space.
+K
talc~sla, .HELSIr'JG1ST
tA
LAHIYMPRIsr()S:
P: ~)9-461063:'
TYQS.U~.PE;"
ASUNTO . .
M~\hostoimlstoG.$.M.
n'lJOt:!Iina. . '.. ..
Vuokranantajat
KUlUITTA kunnon vuolcralai:
set ~ammi!. fv1y6s .ty~\Ih.
dea~~r\"ol~ak!lva kmtt ..
vuokr:multset. -fa uut
luottoti ti Valhd~.u t 18
175375 mys arkFIlt. -18-20
Huoneistokulma
tA) Ikv Yli 20-v, asiantuntemus
1 Etsliillne tysuhde'a5unnQksi
pient- yksit. .
H:ki-'-I:s~vantd-Blueel'
'VUOkrata halutaan
Loma-asuntoja
2-6 h. talo maalta ympariv. 10makayttOOn Kuopion tai Jyvaskylan 11Ihelta. Yst. vast. p.
5625286...
_
IX-4
5. jakso
A. Minklaisessa kunnossa
vesi johdot ovat?
Millasessa
B. Ne on vasta uusittu.
teillon?
B. Se on ljyll toimiva
keskuslmmitys. Talonmies pit siit huolen.
6. jakso
A. Minklainen hella teill
on, shk- vai kaasuhella?
B. Tm on kaasuhella. Meill
on mys kaasuvedenvaraaja.
7. jakso
A. Miten me saamme shkn ja
kaasun ja puhelimen?
on?
Millanen
..
.
Millanen
teillon
T on Meillon
..
..
Energialaitoksen puhelin
.
on 6171. Siell voitte tehd te voitte
uuden kulutussopimuksen.
Sequence 5
A. In what condition is
the plumbtng?
B. It was renovated recently.
A. And what about heating?
What kind of heating do you have?
B. It's central heating run
by oil. The janitor takes
care of it.
Sequence 6
A. What kind of a stove do
you have, electric or gas?
B. This ts a gas range. We also
have a gas water heater.
Sequence 7
A. How do we get the electricity,
gas, and telephone?
B. It's best for you to rent
a telephone. Call the
telephone company of Helsinki,
number 6061, between eight and four.
The energy company ia 6171. There
you can make a new consumer service
contract.
IX-5
Tm on
shklmmitys.
kaukolmmitys.
ljylmmitys.
We have
yksikerroksinen
kaksikerroksinen
kolmikerroksinen
talo.
This is a
hassoek
eoueh
armchair
coffee table
dining table
dresser
floor lamp
night stand
ehina cabinet
bed
double bed
wall hang i ng
rocking chair
wall uni t
wall unit
box spring
mirror
rambler.
two-floor house.
three-floor house.
electric heating.
district heating.
oU heating.
.: .
I
1
~~~~~~~
(-
IX-6
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SCENE 18
Ilta ulkona, treffit
8. jakso
A. Hei Liisat Minulla on
kaksi lippua iltanyt6kseen
Kansallisteatterin pienelle
nyttm61le. Olisitko halukas
tul~maan kanssani]
Olisit s
tuleen mun kanssa?
..
M sain
M tuun
me voitas menn
Sequence 9
B. 1 would like to come, and after
the play we could go and dance
at a disco
tanssiin ...........
Tavataan alaoven
Sequence 8
A. Hi Liisat 1 have two tickets
for the evening performance
on the small stage at the
National Theater. Would you
like to come with me?
..
IX-7
Minulla on liput
Sain liput
matineaan.
. seitsemn nytkseen.
yhdeksn nytkseen.
elokuviin.
1effaan.
ensi parve1ta.
permanno1ta.
aitiosta.
piippuhyllylt.
Menemme tanssimaan
ykerhoon.
ravintolaan.
{ osakuntaan.
We'll go dance at
a matinee.
the seVen 0'c10ck performance.
the nine 0'c10ck performance.
the movies.
the movies.
a nightclub.
a restaurant.
{ the (regiona1) student union.
BIO BIO
puh. 638 240
Mannerheimintie 5
Joka p. 16.30118.45 & 21
Hirvin morsian -K16-
Ritz
puh. 449 383
E. Hesperiankat 22
Joka p. 17, 19 ja 21
Uuno Turhapuro
Espanjassa
-8-
SAVOY
puh. 628 020
Kasarminkatu 48
Joka p. 19 ja 21
Konnajengi
-K16-
CINEMA
puh. 494 827
Museokatu 44
Joka p. 19
Kirjava satama
-K8-
MRRANO
puh. 656 677
Viiskulma
Joka p. 19
Mieletn, mieletn
maailma
-K8-
IX-8
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
SCENE 19
Matkatoimistossa
10. jakso
A. Hyv piv. Perheeni ja
min haluaisimme tehd
hiihtomatkan Lappiin huhtikuussa. Haluaisimme vied
auton mukanamme. Onko se
mahdollista?
B. Kyll on. Helsingist RoVaniemelle menee auto juna
kerran pivss. Haluaisitteko
jrjest liput kauttamme?
11. jakso
A. Kyll. Voisimmeko vuokrata
hiihtomajan keittomahdollisuuksineen viikon ajaksi?
B. Hiihtomajat ovat hyvin
edullisia perhemajoitusta
varten. Vuokra on 250 mk
vuorokaudelta.
M haluaisin
perheen kanssa teh
Me haluttas
auto Onks se
Joo ..........
Haluaisitteks te
Joo. Voitasko me
..
..
kymppi
12. jakso
A. Ottaisimme mielellmme osaa
hiihtokouluun. Hoidatteko te
paikanvarauksia kursseille?
Me otettas
Hoidatteks te
..
Sequence 10
A. Good rnorning. My family and 1
would like to make a skiing
trip to Lapland in April.
We would like to take the car
along with us. 1s it possible?
B. Yes, it iso There's an autotrain from Helsinki to
Rovaniemi once a day. Would
you like us to arrange the
tickets?
Sequence 11
A. Yes.Could we rent a ski
cottage with cooking
facilities for a week's time?
B. The ski cottages are very
reasonable for family
accommodation. The rent is
250 Fmk per day.
Sequence 12
A. We would like to take
skiing lessons. Do you handle
registration for the classes?
B. Yes.
or9ani~ed
IX-9
Use the following variations when acting out the previous scenes.
palkkal ipun.
makuupaikkalipun.
lentoliput..
Haluaisin varata
Matkustaisin
Haluaisin
ensinunisess luokassa.
toisessa luokassa.
turist iluokassa.
kuukausi lipun.
perhealennuslipun.
koululaislipun.
opiskelijalipun.
ma tka ilulipun.
Voisimmeko vuokrata
kesmk in?
loma-asunnon?
asuntovaunun?
TUPAKOITSIJOILLE
RAVINTOLAVAUNU
TUPAKOIMATTOMILLE
KABVILAVAUNU
a seat.
a sleeper.
airplane tickets.
first class.
second class.
tourist class.
1 would travel in
Could we rent a
ticket.
family t icket.
student (school) ticket.
student (university) ticket.
touring t icket.
monthlY
IX-IO
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
Take the role of a prospective tenant and act out an apartment rental situation, using the
pIan given below.
UIc.I,A.U I
r: ....
1
.A.... - ......... ~ -:- ..... . -
~:'
..
"1\
1. tuuli kaappi
2. eteinen
3. olohuone
4. kei tti
5. wc
6. sauna, pesuja pukuhuone
7. uima-allas
8. ruokailuhuone
H.I, ml
vestibule
hall
Ii ving room
kitchen
wc
...
~'
'
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
kirjasto
isnnnhuone
varasto
makuuhuone
autotalli
vaatehuone
kylpyhuone
komero
kattilahuone
library
study
storage
bedroom
garage
walk-in eloset
bathroom
eloset
furnaee, boiler room
IX-ll
Under the given headings, list the information on the available accomodation in the ads below.
Area
Type of accommodation
People offering
accommodation
study ,the ads and discuss which one would suit you best.
office location, transportation, etc.
People they
want
Way to contact
IX-12
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
Huveja
""
di 18n!811i!tBlttBri
Suuri n. 628582 639332
Ma 19.30
CHARLEYN TATI
TI19.30
LEHTOLAPSI
PIen! n.
666738
T119.30
Simon aray:
PEUERA
W1I!ensauna 666738
TlnUn 19.30:
HAAVIKKD-ILTA
Suomen LauluJaln
UIUo
lippuja Haavlkko-Illaan lunlla
".nnen ovella.
.
~IPI
avoinna 14-19.30...,J
.TEATTERI VANHALLA
Puh. 660211 L1ppup.043
K0 M
T E T , Elli
Hlmn'l. '1
p. 7011 610
William Shakespeare:
MYRSKY
tAnlUln klo 14.
Seur. es. 16. 17. 18,
10 (tllynnl), 20, 21. 9.
Liput tuntia ennen ovelta.
S1beHusAkalemlassa
Bach-Beelhoven-Brahme
Ilnterin
Juhlasalissa
lauantaina
klo 19.00--01
. lIIaplakorUI12 mk.
Ikraja 20 vuotta. A-olkeudel.
tlV~Et'LLE!
Soittaa Rainer Tapolan orkesteri
Todellista tanssin iloa suurissa saleissa. Sisn Juhlaovesta. Bus.
sit.102 ja 102 laiturista 61. Liput 16 mk ,johon sisltyy iltapala ja
tJliki naulaan. A-oikeudet. Klo 1901. - Puh. 461811.
seuraavat suurl.llnssit 26.12.
V DII)OIJ
HANNU-HEIKKI
HAKULINEN laulu
PENTil KOSKIMIES piano
Nyttelyj
HELSINGIN KAMARIYHTYE
pe 21.11. klo 19.30
RISTO POUTANEN 181Io
!lMO RANTA piano
BERUNEH
I<AMMERSOLISTEN
11 28. 10. Ja ke 29. 10.
klo 19.30 K8upunglnlalo8la
10 30. 10. klo 19.30
Anlandlalalo...
JAHRGANG49
ke 29. 10. Ja 10 30. 10.
ATENEUM
TAIDEHALLI
~ervanderlnkatu a
Ranskalaista
Vuoden talteUlja
impressionismia
RAIMO
20. 8.-21. 9.
Kokoebna tunnettujen rallSkalailten Impre.slonlsUme..
tarelden maalauksia Ja ,r.
filkka. RaDBkan v8lUon kokoelnilsta, mukana mm.
.Manet, Mone~Renolr, Del81
P1lsarro Ja Slsley.
UTRIAINEN
22. 8.-21.9.
ma luljettu. .
Utriainen ellttelee
nlyttelyn klo 14.00
Studio:
L1dkal kakli audlovlluaaU.. UIKENROTH
ta ohlebnaa ImpreleJonlsml pUrustukala
Ja Clzanne.
SUKAHVIO
Avoinna arkleJn 8-17,
keskivUkkolsln 8-20 Ja
sunnuntaiiin 11-17.
KOHTA l ',PAIKKA
:.
FREDA S1- 53
NAISTEN
TANSSIT
15--24
KOSTI sEPpALA
JOKKE HAKALA
'.
&
RAUNI PEKKALA
LOUNASTA
HAARIKKA-
:: KELLARISSA:
IX-13
study the pictures and signs below. Explain what they mean and when you would use them.
SUOMEN KULKUNEUVOT
TURISTI
(Kes-/talvituristi>
RAUTATIEAIKATAULUT, LAIVOJEN,
LENTOLIIKENTEEN JA LINJA-AUTOJEN
KULKUVUOROJA SEK KARTTA
MATKALIPPUJA KAIKKIIN JUNIIN
lHTEVT JUNAT
Odotullhuon.
U
.........
PalkkaUpul
II
SAAPUVAT JUNAT
at
Matkatav. alllytyll
rif
Llhtevl
matkalllvara
~
,...........
(jjJ
-e
mln'ntII
Mekuu- ~a lepopal It
SlllytY.-lokero
II
LAITURILLE
Saapuva
matkatavara
L8yl6tavara
KULJETUS
J."J.
Satama
() -.,.J
[ ) ~w
[J
Fil
FV
L1nlaautonema
Shk junissa:
Vaara, lk no jatko oviin:
Tss vaunussa ei ole wc:t.
Kyk peremmlle. Pitk
ovitila vapaana.
Ripesti ovesta, olkaa
hyv~
IX-14
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Below you see an extract from the Helsinki telephone book. Study it and find
out which section you should call when
you
you
you
you
IX-15
COHPREHENSION EXERCISES
1. Listen to the tape and check the appropriate box to rnark your answer.
IX-16
3. Listen to the tape and check the appropriate box to rnark your answer.
About what
Where
Track no.
IX-17
ELOKUVA-JA
TEATTERIOHJELMAT
6. Listen to the Helsinki telephone service for movie programs. Take notes
and find out at what movie theaters and at what time the following movies
are shown:
Theater
041
Time
7. Listen to the Helsinki telephone service for theater programs. Find out
at what theater and at what time the following plays are shown.
Day
Theater
Time
KEY
2.
3.
aT
aF
aT
bF
bT
bF
eT
cF
eT
dT
dF
dF
eF
eT
eT
fF
fF
fF
IX-l8
FUNCTION PRACTICES
1.
Rent an apartment
write an ad for a newspaper describing the kind of aecornrnodation you want to rent
tell a real estate agent what kind of accornrnodation you want, and where
inspect the apartrnent you intend to rent and find out alI the facts about the
utilities, public transportation, snow rernoval, etc.
2.
VIKAILMOITUS
01 9
Repair service
3.
4.
Ves
K -.-.
NISSIL. SOINI OY
Pohjoisesplanadi 21 A 5 Puh. 13113
S.HKASENNUSLJIKKEITA
Sh
SlSUSTUSARKKlTE/i1CJA JA
SISUSTUSARKKlTEHTUURITOIMISTOJA
Mat
S-.5
VUOKRATTAVAT LOMAMKIT
VIIKOIKSI JA VIIKONLOPUIKSI
LOMARENGAS
441346
Museokatu 5 B 12 puh.
Vllltyk.....mm. my6. lomakylll
la tlyalholtoa ma_talolssa.
IX-19
READING.
1. -
2. -
IX-20
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IX-2l
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study the power of attorney statement below, which ia uaed very commonly in Finland.
Think of a aituation where you would need one, and then write your own.
Valtakirja
?.d& !jj;,~
~~~
Are you ready to read the rental contract in Finnish?
IX-22
UNIT IX
STRUCTURAL NOTES
IX-A
How to forrn
on + past pass. participle (see VII-H and XI-E)
ei ole + past pass. participle
IX-B
How ta forrn
oli + past pass. participle (see VII-H)
ei ollut + past pass. participle
pres. pass. perf.
on tehty
on oltu
Affirrnative
has been done
one has been
ei ole tehty
ei ole oltu
Negative
has not been done
one has not been
oli tehty
oli oltu
ei ollut tehty
ei ollut oltu
Note:
The auxiliary verb should be in the active forrn 'ei ollut;'in colloquial speech you
can hear the form 'ei oltu.'
Taloa ei oltu korjattu vuosiin.
Me ei oltu oltu Espanjassa ennen.
IX-23
IX-C
SUPERLATIVES QF ADJECTIVES
Dow to forrn
for the singular:
for the plural:
in words ending in
-o/-
and
-u/-y
nom. 8g.
gen. 8g.
hullu
tollo
suosittu
kysylli
hullu-n
tollo-n
suositu-n
kysyty-n
hullu-i-n
tollo-i-n
suositu-i-n
kysylY- i - n
b)
craziest
most idiotic
most popular
most in demand
Superlative
nom. 8g.
gen. 8g.
nom. 8g.
parta sg.
nom. plo
parta plo
kuuma
valkoinen
rikas
pieni
kuuma-n
valkoise-n
rikkaa-n
piene-n
kuum-in
valkois-in
rikka-in
pien-in
kuum-in-ta
valkois-in-ta
rikka-in-ta
pien-in-t
kuurn-imma-t
valkois-imrna-t
rikka-imma-t
pien-imm-t
kuum-impi-a
valkois-irnpi-a
rikka-impi-a
pien-impi-
c)
( # 6 in the
eND) ,
hottest
whitest
richest
smallest
-e
IK-24
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kaunis
kallis
kiltti
ntti
Note:
Superlative
nom. 5g.
part. sg.
nom. pl.
parta pl.
kaun-e-in
kall-e-in
kilt-e-in
nt-e-in
kaun-e-in-ta
kall-e-in-ta
kilt--;-in-t
nt-e-=-in-t
kaun-e-imma-t
kall-e- imma-t
kilt-;-imm-t
nt-e-imm-t
kaU-e-impi-a
kilt-e-impi-
kaun-~-impi-a
nt-~=impi-
most beautiful
most expensive
nicest
prettiest
in the plural and superlative forms causes more or less the aarne changes in the stem.
-i-
hyv
gaad
parhain, paras
best
nom.
gen.
part.
iness.
illat.
s9
plo
parhain
parhaimma-t
parhaimma-n
parhaimp-ien
-ain
parhain-ten
parhain-ta
parhaimpi-a
parhaimma~ssa
parhaimmi-ssa
parhaimpa-an
parhaimpi-in
.30
sg.
CND
plo
paras
par.!:!.aa-t
par.!:!.a-an
par.!:!.ai-den
paras-ta
par!!ai-ta
par.!:!.aa-ssa
par.!!.ai-ssa
par.!:!.aase-en
par.!!,aisi-in
pitempi
longer
pisin
longest
uusi
new
uudempi
newer
uusin
newest
.26
CND
pitk
long
When to use
1.
2.
IX-25
3.
kaikkein suurin
tO,iseksi paras
kolmanneksi kallein
Note:
IX-D
1.
2.
Dow to forrn
replaee the superlative gen. sg. ending
superl.norn.
parhain
helpoin
-an
with
Note:
superl. of adverb
parhaimm-in
helpoimm-in
-1n
by -ten
superl. of adverb
parhai-ten
vhi-ten
eni-ten
helpoi-ten
when to use
1.
2.
IX-26
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3.
'kaikkein'
IX-E
PREPOSI'l'IONS
When to use
English prepositions are largely replaced in Finnish by case endings
Me asumme talossa.
We live in a house.
without
ennen
before
keskell
center/middle
lhell
near to
pitkin*
along
IX-27
IX-F
POSTPOSITIONS
"hen to use
postpositions often replaee English prepositions
postpositions are used with different eases, whieh are also reflected in the question
Kenen kanssa pelaat lentopalloa?
Ket vastaan pelasitte?
with personai pronouns, the gen. ean sometimes be replaeed by a poss. suffix attaehed to
the postposition
Sinun kanssasi/kanssasi on hauska jutella.
1.
jlkeen
genitive
a postposition
. after
kanssa
with
mukaan
aeeording to
kautta
through/via
suhteen
with respect
to
vuoksi/-ksetakia
yli*
aeross
pst**
after
*
**
do it for fun.
2.
partitive
a postposition
kohti
per
...
varten
for
Tm on teit varten.
vastaan
against
vastapt
opposite
vaille/
vailla
of/to
3.
genitive
...
henke kohti
per person
the locative case endings, which reflect the motion expressed by the verb, are
used with postpositions indicating location (see II-G)
the case ending of the postposition is reflected in your question as well
alla se kirja on?
Kenen luona olit eilen?
Mi~k
Motion to
No motion
Motion from
lhelle
lhell
lhelt
near
alle
alla
alta
under, underneath
plle
pll
plt
on ( top of)
ulkopuolelle
ulkopuolella
ulkopuolelta
outside
ylpuolelle
ylpuolella
ylpuolelta
above
alapuolelle
alapuolella
alapuolelta
underneath
sislle
sisn
sisll
sisss
sislt
sisst
inside
IX-29
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vierelle
viereen
vierell
vieress
vierelt
vierest
next to
eteen
edess
edest
in front of
phn
pss
pst
after
luokse
luona
luota
near
taakse
takana
takaa
behind
4.
gen.
aikana
pst
after
kuluttua
jlkeen
nom.
sitten
postposition
ago
elat.
+
asti
saakka
lhtien
alkaen
postposition
Olen ollut tll elokuusta asti/
saakka/lhtien/alkaen.
since
postposition
until/till
by certain time
illat.
asti
saakka
menness
IX-3D
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
Note:
In standard Finnish, the poss. suffixes should be used with alI of these
gen. + postpositions when used with personaI pronouns, while the colloquial leaves them outo
standard:
Colloq. :
Standard:
Colloq. :
Standard:
Colloq. :
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN
-ton/-tn,
-maton/-mtn
'-less, un-/in-'
1.
Pekka on tytn.
Hn on koditon.
2.
Se on uskomaton asia.
How to form
attach -ton/-tn to the gen. stern of a noun (see example 1 above) and inflect it in
the following way (t 24 in the CND)
89
plo
nom.
ge n.
part.
elat.
illat.
koditon
tyttmt
kodittoman
tyttm-ien
koditonta
tyttmi
kodittomasta
tyttmist
kodittomaan
tyttmiin
attach
-ton/-tn
I info
3rd person s9
adjective
usko-a
lyd-
tehd-
nky-
usko-o
ly
teke-e
nky-y
usko-maly-mteke-mnky-m-
usko-ma-ton
ly-m-tn
teke-m-tn
nky-m-tn
homeless
unemployed
(see IV-J)
unbelievable
unbeatable
undone
invisible
IX-31
When to use
1.
2.
-less,
non-,
un-,
or
in-
as a
It is an unbelievable thing.
We were visited by an uninvited guest.
IX-32
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UNIT X
SCENES 20 - 22
ambulance
aneestor
anesthetie
ankle
bachelor
sairasauto (15)
esi-is (2)
nukutus (32)
nilkka (1)
vanhapoika (2),
poikamies (35)
maha (1)
morsian (23)
belly
bride,
fianeee
bridegroom, sulhanen (25)
fianee
buddy
kaveri (7)
cavity
crowd
erown
eycling
darling
dentist
departure
diet
disease
doctor's
office
duty
(for a day)
ear
engagement
epidemie
extended
family
fever
filling
reik (2)
tungos (32)
kruunu (15)
pyrily (15)
kulta (2)
hammaslkri (7)
lht (15)
dieetti (6),
ruokavalio (21)
tauti (6)
vastaanotto (15)
pivystys (32)
korva (2)
kihlaus (32)
kulkutauti (6)
suku (15)
Nouns
Substantii veja
first-born
fosterchild
godparent
grass widow
gymnasties
gymnasties with
music
head
headache
heart
heart disease
hitchhiking
esikoinen (25)
kasvatuslapsi (12)
kummi (6)
kesleski (8)
voimistelu (15)
jytjumppa (2)
hospital
illness
jogging
jogging path
loeal
anesthetic
maritaI status
marriage
medieine
namesake
nation
nausea
neek
(nape of) neck
open marriage
operation
patient
pension
pharmacy
p (18)
pnsrky (15)
sydn (23)
sydnsairaus (33)
peukalokyyti (6),
liftaus (32)
sairaala (4)
sairaus (33)
hlkk (2)
pururata (1)
paikallispuudutus (32)
siviilisty (15)
aviolii tto (15)
lke (5)
kaima (1)
kansa (1)
pahoinvointi (6)
kaula (1)
niska (1)
avolii tto (15)
leikkaus (32)
potilas (30)
elke (5)
apteekki (6)
physieal fitness
(sports)
plaster
reeipe
root
root-eanal
treatment
round, loop
siblings
'skating
skating rink
skiing
ski trail
spinster
splint
stretcher
swimming
symptom
tennis
tennis court
tooth
toothache
tribe
veterinarian
wedding
widow, widower
wisdom tooth
youth
X-ray
kuntourheilu (15)
kipsi (6)
lkemrys (32),
resepti (6)
juuri (9)
juurihoito (15)
lenkki (6)
sisarukset (32) plo
luistelu (15)
luistinrata (1)
hiihto (15)
latu (15)
vanhapiika (1)
lasta (1)
paarit (6)pl
uinti (6)
oire (5)
tennis (32)
tenniskentt (2)
hammas (30)
hammassrky (15)
heimo (15)
elinlkri (7)
ht (18) plo
leski (8)
viisaudenhammas (30)
nuoriso (16)
rntgen (7)*
kuume (5)
paikka (1)
Verbs
be (get)
divorced
become
infected
can be spared
cycle
deduce, draw
conclusions
die
diet
dislocate
do gymnastics
fall
fill (a cavity)
fracture
have as a hobby
heal
heal
hurt
jog
light
marry
must (go)
play (a game)
Adjectives
lean
sick
laiha (1)
sairas (30)
sore
elossa
broken
Verbej
voimistella (14)
kaatua (8) intr.
paikata (18)
murtua (8) intr.
harrastaa (2)
parantaa (3) tr.
parantua (8) intr.
koskea (4) intr.,
srke (4) intr.
hlkt (18)
vala i sta (15)
vihki (7) tr.
joutua (8) intr.
pelata (18)
retire
jd (9) intr.
elkkeelle
rinse
huuhtoa (8)
juosta (16)
run
set
asettaa (2).
skate
luistella (14)
hiiht(2)
ski
slim (down)
laihduttaa(2) tr.
spU
sylke (4)
sprain
nyrjht (2) intr.
strain
venht (2) intr.
swell
turvota (19)
matkustaa (2)
travel
vaivata (18)
trouble
wash (dishes) tiskata (18)
Adjektiiveja
kipe (20)
hell (2)
tender
X-2
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SCENE 20
Physical fitness
Kuntourheilu
1. jakso
A. Kultaseni, arvaapas,
kenen vuoro on tiskata
astiat?
Arvaas, Virtanen
Sequence 1
A. Darling, guess whose turn it
is to wash the dishes?
.. H
.
.
. hlkkn.
Juokse paikallas:
A. Not
2. jakso
A. Min pelaisin mieluummin
tennist, mutta sit voi
pelata vain sisll ja
halleihin on kova tungos.
oon
..
.
again~
Run in place:
Sequence 2
A. 1 would prefer playing tennis, but
you can only play it inside and
there's a long line (lit., big crowd)
at the (indoor) courts.
Mikset s ala
X-3
Kaverini odottaa
minua
Harrastan
pyrilemn.
p~laamaan tennist.
Ulmaan.
luistelemaan.
urheilupuistossa.
tenniskentll.
uimahallissa.
luistinradalla.
Stadionin kuntosalissa.
hlkk/hlkkmist.
voimistelua/voimistelemista.
hiihtoa/hiihtmist.
uintia/uimista.
luistelua/luistelemista.
jytjumppaa.
Pirkkolassa on avattu
uusi
pururata.
kuntolatu.
pyrily tie.
valaistu latu.
biking
m about to go'
pl~y ~ennis.
sWlmmlng.
skating.
My buddy is
waiting for me
at
at
at
at
at
the
the
the
the
the
sports park.
tennis court.
swimming hall.
skating rink.
gym in the stadium.
jog.
exereise (do gymnastics).
ski.
swim.
skate.
do exereise to musie.
A new
path
for jogging
ski track
bicycle path
lighted ski trail
X-4
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SCENE 21
Terveydenhoito
Hiihto-onnettomuus
Hedicine
Sk iing accident
3. jakso
A. Apua~ Nyt taisi kyd pahasti. Perskeles, nyt tais kyd
Jalkaani koskee. En pse
huonosti. Mun jalkaan
yls.
sattuu. M en pse
Sequence 3
A. Help: Something dreadful
happened . My leg hurts.
1 can't get upo
4. jakso
C. Miks jalalle on tullut?
Sequence 4
C. What has happened ta your leg?
A. Kaaduin mess.
M kaaduin
..
5. jakso
A. Joudunko min nyt sairaalaan?
C. 1t might be snapped or
fractured. Let's put a
splint on it now.
Joudunks m nyt
lasarettiin?
Sequence 5
A. Do 1 have to go to the
hospital now?
C. Me soitamme sairasauton ja
se vie teidt ensiapuasemalle.
Me soitetaan
c.
6. jakso
C. Rntgenkuvasta ptellen
teilt on sriluu katkennut.
..
Sequence 6
C. Judging by the X-ray, your
shinbone is broken.
A. Tytyyk se leikata?
Tytyyks se
..
.
X-5
Act out sequences 3 and 6, and the scene below with the following variations.
Vatsaan
Kteen
Phn
Selkn
~ koskee.
My
6tomaCh
hand/arm
head
back
hurts.
Nilkkani on
venhtnyt.
nyrjhtnyt.
mennyt sijoiltaan.
tulehtunut.
turvonnut.
Voitteko lhett
lkrin? Poikani
on
My ankle is
Tohtori Hmlisen
vastaanotto
strained.
sprained.
dislocated.
infected.
swollen.
Haluaisin varata
ajan tohtori
Hmliselt.
Doctor's office
on duty.
Hn valittaa
kurkkuansa.
niskaansa.
mahaansa.
vatsaansa.
korvaansa.
He complains
about his
throat.
neck.
belly.
stomach.
ear.
Doctor Hmlinen's
office
Minulla on
1 would like to
make an appointment
with Doctor Hmlinen.
pnsrky.
pahoinvointia.
kuumetta.
kurkku kipen.
ysk.
nuha.
flunssa.
1 have a headache.
1 feel nauseous.
1
have~:a cough.
:~;:\hroat.
a cold.
the flu.
X-6
At the dentist
Hammaslkriss
7. jakso
A. Olen herra Virtanen.
Minulla on aika kello 3.
B. Odottakaa hiukan.
B. jakso
B. Teidn vuoronne.
A. Minulta lhti paikka tlt
alhaalta oikealta.
c~
9. jakso
C. Tuo viisaudenhammas joutaa
Sequence 7
A. I'm Mr. Virtanen.
1 have an appointment at 3 o'clock.
aan
Mullan
........ vhn.
Teidn vuoro
B. Wait a moment.
The doctor is attending to a
patient right now.
Sequence B
B. You r turn.
Multa
Tota
..
Ta i
..
Sequence 9
C. That wisdom tooth dan he taken
outo Should we pull it out today?
Mun tytyy
M en voi
Me olis kytetty .
X-7
nastahammas
~ ylhlt.
paikka
tlt
vase~alta.
kruunu
edesta.
pala hammasta
takaa.
Hammasta
pt
~
lost a
My ~ tooth
head
srkee.
crown tooth
at
filling
from here on
crown
{ in
piece of tooth
in
the top.
the left.
front.
back.
aches.
OOB
736166
778833
viedn apteekkiin.
Doctor on duty
Dentist on duty
Veterinarian on duty
OOB
736166
778833
Huuhtokaa~
sylkek: Avatkaa
suunne~
. - Rinse:
Spit out ~ Open
your mouth:
... IS that the
new water drill?
X-B
SCENE 22
Kinship
Suku
10. jakso
A. Vielk vanhempanne ovat elossa?
B. Eivt en, mutta minulla on
paljon muita sukulaisia.
11. jakso
A. Muuten appi vanhempani tulevat
meille huomenna. Apellani on
jotain asiaa tnne.
B. Olenko tavannut anoppisi?
mun appiukko ja
anoppi tulee
Appiukolla on
Oonks m tavannu sun anoppis?
Sequence 10
A. Are your parents still alive?
B. No more. But 1 have many other
relatives.
Sequence 11
A. By the way, my parents-in-law are
coming to us tomorrow. My father-inlaw has something to do here.
B. Have 1 met your mother-in-law?
12. jakso
B. Mit lankosi tekee?
Sequence 12
B. What is your brother-in-law doing?
sun lankos
A. Voi, hn on elkkeell. Hn ji
se on. Se ji
elkkeelle viime vuonna. Hn vain ~ se vaan
matkustelee huvikseen.
13. jakso
B. Sithn meidn kuopuksemmekin
kuopuskin
tekee. Keskeytti koulunsa ja matkustaa peukalokyydill ympri
maailmaa.
Sequence 13
B. That's what our Junior is doing.
Dropped out of school and travels
hitchhiking around the world.
..
.
semmosta
X-9
USEFUL WORDS
is
iti
= vanhemmat
isois
isoiti = isovanhemmat
appi
anoppi
= appivanhemmat
mini
vvy
veljen vaimo
kly
sisaren mies = lanko
sisaren tytr
veljen tytr
sisaren poika
veljen poika
vauva
kummi
kummiset
kummitti
father
mother
= parents
grandfather
grandmother
= grandparents
father-in-Iaw
mother-in-Iaw
parents-in~law
daughter-in-Iaw
son-in-Iaw
sister-in-law
brother-in-Iaw
niece
niece
nephew
nephew
baby
godparent
godfather
godmother
leski
sukulainen
eno
set
tti
serkku
pikkuserkku
lapsenlapsi
ispuoli
itipuoli
tytrpuoli
poikapuoli
orpo
ottolapsi
sisar, sisko
veli
sisarukset
widow, widower
relative
maternal uncle
paternal uncle
aunt
cousin
second cousin
grandchild
stepfather
stepmother
stepdaughter
stepson
orphan
adopted child
sister
brother
siblings
X-lO
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HELSINGIN KAUPUNKI
Urheilu' Ja ulkoIluvirasto
Liikunnan
kurssipalveluja
aikuisille
Voimistele,
virkisty,
ryhdisty
Ohjelmoinnissa kunnon testaus,
yksilllinen ohjelma,' snnllinen
harjoittelu, ohjaus ja tarkkailu.
Ryhmi naisille ja miehille pivisin
ja iltaisin.
Palvelukaudet
- TalvlkausI17.1. -15. 4.
Lajivalikoimassa: Rentoutus,
kansanlanssi, kurssit kilokkaille,
kurssit synnyttneille, uimaopetus,
tennis (keskausina), hlkk
(kuntoilu ulkona kevtkaudella),
pujottelu.
Liikuntapalvelu
Ky tai soila. Neuvo lytyy.
Tarjolla karttoja ja esittell.
- Yrjnkatu 21, uimahallitalo
- Avoinna ma-pe 10-13 ja 14-17
- Puhelin 607 271
- Syyskausl12. 9. -16.12.
Ilmoittautuminen ao. salilla
La 13. 8. klo 9 - 16
Ma 15. 8. klo 13 - 20
Nmli kuntosalit palvelevat Sinua:
Kontula Ostostie 4 301 133
Koskela Voudintie 6 798 406
Pirk.kola urheilupuisto 745022
Si/tamki Jousimieh.\. 363421
Stadion P. Stadion\. 497 954
Yrjnkatu Yrjnkatu 21 647801
X-ll
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Pick up a course that suits your child's age and that he/she might Iike.
Pind out at what time and where it's offered.
TY
j a
j a t
KESLLX URHEILUKOULUUN
Urheilu- ja ulkoiluviraston ohjaustoimisto jrjest ohjattua urheilutoimintaa
kesll. Urheilukoulu on tarkoitettu helsinkilisille 7 - 15 -vuotiaille nuorille.
5,- maksetaan 1. 6. ensimmisell tunnilla ohjaajalle toimintapaikalla. Ohjaaja jakaa harjoittelijat opetusryhmiin.
Kirj~amismaksu
Ilmoittautumiset ja listiedot toukokuussa arkisin klo 9 - 11 urheilu- ja ulkoiluvirasto, ohjaustoimisto, Leena Pusa puh. 4029 292.
JALKAPALLOKOULU
Tln pallokentt klo 10 - 14
YLEISURHEILUKOULU
Elintarhan urheilukentt klo 10 - 14
PESPALLOKOULU, yhteistyss SVUL:n Helsingin piirin kanssa
Tiistaisin, keskiviikkoisin ja perjantaisin
Meilahden urheilupuisto
Ti klo 10 - 12, ke klo 13 - 15, pe klo 10 - 12
MELONTAKOULU, yhteistyss lajin seurojen kanssa
11 - 16 -vuotiaille, uimataito vlttmtn
JUDOKOULU, yhteistyss lajin seurojen kanssa
Varusteet: alussa riitt verryttelypuku ja
jalkineet (esim. varvasvlisandaalit)
TENNISKURSSIT
10 - l~ -vuotiaille
Varusteet: oma maila ja 3 uutta palloa
X-12
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Helsingin kaupunki
Helsingin kaupungin virastoja ja niiss ksiteitAviA asioita koskevat tiedustelut 1692278 1692279 (Helsinki-halli Mannerheimintie 17) ma-pe
8.30-18 iJu 12-16.
Kaupunginvaltuuston ja kaupunginhallituksen ptksist tiedustelut
1692300.
Kaupungin virastojen ja laitosten vlelnen virka-alka 8.30-16 ma 8.30-16.30 la sulj.
Puhelinnumerot vaihteen suljettuna ollessa ennen j~ jlkeen vlrka-ajan ovat suluissa.
Pivystvt sairaalat:
KIRURGISET SAIRAALAT:
Malmin sairaala ensiapuasema Malmi
Sairaalat. 3'. . . . . . . . . . . "
364211
Marian sairaala ensiapuasema Mechelin.k. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
60991
klo 21-7
6099213
X Kirurginen sairaala pivystysasema
Kasarmik. 11-13
.
17371
X Meilahden sairaala pivystyspolikli- .
nikka Haartman.k. 4. . . . .
4711
Vaikeat tapaturmat:
12-14
4021221
413411
Lasten sistaudit:
X lastentautien klinikka pivystyspoliklinikka Stenbck.k. 11 . . . .
NAISTENTAUTlEN- JA
SYNNYlYSSAIRAALAT:
X Naistentautien- ja synnytysklinikka
4711
4711
790411
HermO- ja mielitaudit:
Hel?perian sairaala pivystyspoliklinikka Vlskr.k. 2. . . . . . . . , . .
440091
4711
Silmtaudit:
X Silmtautien klinikka ensiapupoliklinikka Haartman.k. 4 C. . . . . .
4711
X-13
Aikuiset
Kirurginen sairaala, Malmin, Marian ja
Meilahden sairaalat
Hesperian, Kiveln. Malmin; Marian ja
Meilahden sairaalat
Lhin sairaala
Korva-, nen- ja kurkkutautien klinikka
Hesperian. Kiveln. Malmin, Marian ja
Meilahden sairaalat
.
Naistentautien ja synnytysklinikka,
Ktilopisto .
Kirurginen sairaala
. Tln sairaala
Kirurginen sairaala
Kirurginen sairaala,
Malmin. Marian, Meilahden ja
. TOln sairaalat
Hesperian sairaala
Hesperian sairaala (mys kouluikilisat)
Kirurglnan sairaala, Malmin, Marian ja
Meilahden sairaalat
Kirurginen sairaala, Malmin ja Marian
sairaalat
Kirurginen sairaala, Malmin, Marian ja
Meilahden sairaalat
Silmtautien klinikka
Kivliln, Malmin. Marian ja Meilahden
sairaalat
Kirurginen sairaala
Tln sairaalan tapaturma-asema.
Auroran seiraala
Auroran. Meilahden ja Tln
sairaalat
Hesperian sairaala
Auroran sairaala, Lastentautien klinikka
(pikkulapset)
Auroran sairaala
Auroran sairaals" Lastentautien klinikka.
Kirurginen sairaala
Auroran sairaala, Lastentautien klinikka
SIlmtautien klinikka
Auroran sairaala, Lastentautien klinikka
Shkisku .. .
Naistentautien ja synnytysklinikka,
Ktilopisto
Lhin sairaala
Tajuttomuustlla
Lilhin sairaala
Tarttuvat taudit . . .
Trooppiset taudit. . . . . . . , , , . , , , . . ,
Tukehtumlnen vieras esine
henkltorveaa . . . . . , . . . . , . . , , ..' .
Lhin sairaala
Korva-, nenll- ja kurkkutautien klinikka
Lhin sairaala
Korva-, nen- ja kurkkutautien klinikka
VaUaklpu likillinen. . . . . . .
Synnytys keskenmeno .
Verenoknnnus verelllyksy
keuhkoista . . . . . . . , , .'
Verenvuoto nenst. , , . . .
Verenvuoto synnytyselImist . . . . . . .
. Vieras esine kurf(UQ8 esim. ruoto. . . . . , .' .
X-14
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COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
1. Listen to this conversation and mark the box with true or false, as appropriate.
T
Procedure
Procedure
Procedure
X-15
3. Listen to the dia10g and write down what kind of sporta the peop1e are interested in.
A
JAANA
KEY
1.
aF
bF
cF
dF
eT
X-16
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FUNCTION PRACTICES
1. Find out and talk about hobbies/sports/fitness
hobbies of your fellow students
your own interest in sports/physical fitness/outdoor activities
what facilities are available in your neighborhood
the national pastime in Finland
the national pastime in America in summer/winter
Interview your teacher about the attitudes in Finland towards physical fitness/
dieting/heart disease/cholesterol, etc.
2.
3.
Family backgrounds
Find out the family backgrounds of your fellow students.
Find out where they live.
Compare differences in background between Finland and America.
Make your own family tree, writing down the names of your cousins, in-laws, etc.
Arvoitus
Kumpi on lheisempi sukulainen, veljen vaimon
anoppi vai tdin kummin
kaima?
Juuret
- Sin olet mahdoton kerskailemaan sukupuullasi.
Kohta varmaan vitt, ett esivanhempasi olivat
mukana Noakin arkissa.
- Arkissako? Eivt toki, heill oli oma vene.
X-17
CONVERSATION PRACTICES
- Pick up your favorite sport from the list below and tell your classmates aboutit.
- Follow the international games in newspapers and, using the vocabulary
below, talk about what's going on.
- Tell who the famous American athletes are and what kind of sport they represent.
Useful words
badminton
baseball
baseball game
basketball
bicathlon
boxing match
cross-country
skiing
decathlon
downhill
f igure skating
high jump
triple jump
hurdles
ice hockey
javelin throwing
broad jump
marathon
sulkapallo
pespallo
pespallope I i
koripallo
ampumahiihto
nyrkkeilyottelu
murtomaahiihto
kymmenottelu
laskettelu
taitoluistelu
korkeushyppy
kolmiloikka
aitajuoksu
jkiekko
keihnheitto
pituushyppy
maraton
meet
middle distance
urheilukilpailu
keskimatka
pentathlon
nykyaikainen viisiottelu
seivshyppy
viestinhiihto
pole vault
relay skiing race
riding
track & fields,
athletics
run
ski jump
shot put
soccer, football
speed skating
table tennis
hammer throw
volleyball
slalom
rat~astus
yleisurheilu
juoksu
mkihyppy
kuulantynt
jalkapallo
pikaluistelu
pyttennis
moukarinheitto
lentopallo
pujottelu
X-l8
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READING
1.
2.
Billill kvi hyv viuhka tansseissa, kunnes tytt saivat tiet, ett hn olikin naimisissa.
Bill ei nimittin pid vihkisormusta, ja kaikki luulivat, ett hn oli vapaa mies, naimaton. Kun
Billin vaimo sai tiet tst, hn osti miehellens sormuksen ja pani tmn kyttmn sit
vasemman kden nimettmss, kuten kaikki muutkin suomalaiset naimisissa olevat tekevt.
Maisterinsormusta Bill ei sentn hankkinut.
" Kihloissa
Llhel)'llGneuVOl
JuJckQ Srpplnen
J. sihleeri
nita YltliJ
Vlhltt,YJi
.Jukka BnaJund'Ji 'SolJC..Maarla
Kostia'24. 3. 84 Hc1alngful.
MerikapteenI 'Vilberm' Halkai.
Ja tolmfttaJa" Pirjo-U1aa 'Veenkari
24. 3:.84 Helaingisil.
"'Syotyoyt.
Syntynyt pikku~eU:J"kolle
1. 3. 84, , ,
X-19
UNIT X
STRUCTURAL NOTES
X-A
FOURTH INFINITIVE
1.
Harrastan uimista.
Puhumme nyt hiihtmisest.
My hobby is swimming.
We are talking about skiing now.
2.
3:
4.
How to foem
take the 3rd person plural present tense
replaee -vat/-vt by -minen, whieh is the IV infinitive marker
he teke-vt
teke-minen
they do
doing
he pelaa-vat
pelaa-minen
ean be infleeted in alI eases, see the CND t 25 for words ending in
he o-vat
ole-minen
Note:
they play
playing
-nen
they are
being
"hen to use
1.
2.
The objeet of the IV infinitive must preeede it and it must be in the genitive
with/without a possessive suffix.
Lehtien lukeminen on trke.
X-20
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3.
to want
with pleasure
Tanssin mielellni.
Haluaisin tanssia.
-anything to do, to say, etc. or
mitn + IV info in part.
jotain + IV info in part.
4.
1 like to d~nce.
Ild like to dance.
-something to do, to say, etc.- can be expressed by
anything to X
something to X
ending,
1 like dancing.
1 like dancing.
Pidn tanssimisesta.
Pidn tanssista.
b)
-sta
tulo
+ part.
hiihto
part.
Harrastan hiihtoa.
Harrastan hiihtmist.
My hobby is skiing.
tennis
elat.
Pidn tenniksest.
Pidn tenniksen pelaamisesta.
1 like tennis.
1 like playing tennis.
X-21
X-B
would be done
Dow ta forrn
the passive stern
-tta-/-tt, -ta/-t
X-C
Dow to forrn
replace the past passive
-Vn
(passive ending)
-tUn with
-tUin with
-ta-/-t-
-tta-/-tt-
pres.pass.
past pass.
pass.cond.
ol-la
to be
ol-laan
we are/one is
ol-tiin
we were/one was
ol-ta-isi-in
we would be/one would be
anta-a
to give
anne-taan
is given
anne-ttiin
was given
anne-tta-isi-in
would be given
ei
+ -isi-
info
-isi
in the negative
When to use
in forrning the present passive conditional, see X-B
in forming the present passive potential, see XIV-B
in forming the present passive participle, see XII-C
X-22
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X-D
1.
2.
How to form:
olisi oltu
ei olisi oltu
olisi otettu
ei olisi
otettu
When to use
1.
2.
me olisimme kyttneet
me olisi kytetty
X-E
RELATIVE PRONOUN
joka"
-who/that/which-
X-23
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Dow to form
sg.
joka
nom.
gen.
part.
transl.
essive
allat.
plo
jo-t-ka
jo-i-den
jo-i-ta
jo-i-ksi
jo-i-na
jo-i-lle
jo-n-~
jo-ta
jo-ksi
jo-na
jo-lIe
iness.
elat.
illat.
adess.
ablat.
5g.
jo-ssa
jo-sta
jo-hon
jo-lla
jo-lta
plo
jo-i-ssa
jo-i-sta
jo-i-hin
jo-i-lla
jo-i-lta
When to use
must agree in number with the noun to which it refers in the main clause
the girl that lives here
the girls who live here
must be in the plural if the noun to which it refers has "psychological" plural
ne kolme
tytt~,
the case of the verb in the relative clause determines the case of 'joka'
Ostin auton, josta puhuimme
viime viikolla.
Tuo on tytt,
as an adverb:
Note:
Uninflected
'jonne'
'joka'
'jolloin'
UNIT XI
WEATHER
s1O\
Nouns
air
eonditioning
antifreeze
blizzard,
broken road
eonditions
elear spell
elimate
eompulsion
eondition
(road)
eraek in the
iee, rift
erust of snow
biting wind
degree
depression
distriet
(administr.)
direetion
(point of
eompass)
dog days
downpour
drifting iee
driving snowstorm
drizzle
fire
(uneontrolled)
ilmastointi (6)
pakkasneste (5)
lumimyrsky (15)
kelirikko (15),
rospuu tto (15)
pouta (2)
ilmasto (15)
pakko (15)
keli (6)
railo (15)
hanki (8)
(1)
aste (5)
lama (1)
lni (6)
flow, eurrent
fly
fog
forest
freezing eold
frost
(killing)
gnat
hail
haze, mist
height
hot weather
hurrieane
ieebreaker
Vllma
ilmansuunta (2)
mtkuu (16)
rankkasade (5)
ajoj (16)
tuisku (1)
tihkusade (5)
tulipalo (15)
lightning
minus degree
mosquito
noise
north
northeast
nothern lights
northwest
oeeanographie
institute
open water
overtime
paek iee
power
Substantiiveja
virtaus (32)
krpnen (25)
sumu (15)
mets (2)
pakkanen (25)
halla (1)
mkrinen (25)
rae (5)
utu (15)
korkeus (33)
helle (5)
hirmumyrsky (15)
jnmurtaja (3),
jnsrkij (4)
salama (4)
miinusaste (5)
itikka (4),
sski (6)
melu (15)
pohjoinen (25)
koillinen (25)
revontulet (9) plo
luode (5)
merentutkimuslai tos (32)
avovesi (10)
ylity (17)
ahtauma (3)
voima (2)
power
failure
provinee
return of
winter
sanitation
department
shower
(weather)
situation
sky, heaven
sleet
slush
snowdrift
solid iee
south
southeast
southwest
speed
storm
temperature
thaw
thunder
thundering,
rumble
tornado
veloeity
whirling snow
shkkatko (15)
maakunta (2)
takatalvi (6)
puhtaanapitolaitos (32)
kuuro (15)
tilanne (5)
taivas (30)
rnt (2)
sohjo (15),
loska (2)
kinos (32),
nietos (32)
kiintoj (18)
etel (3)
kaakko (15)
lounas (30),
lounainen (25)
nopeus (33)
myrsky(15)
lmptila (1)
suoja (2)
ukkonen (25)
jyrin (4)
pyrremyrsky (15)
kiihtyvyys (33)
pyry (15)
XI-l
visi.bilHy
warning
wave
nkyvyys (33)
varoitus (32)
aalto (15) ,
laine ( 5 )
Nouns
-
weather
weather bureau
Substantiiveja
s (18) , ilma ( 1)
Ilmat i.eteen
laitos (32)
Verbs
become
milder
be included
be valid
continue
darken
ease off
enjoy
fear
flash
(lightning)
lauhtua (8 )
sislty (8) intr.
olla (13) voimassa
jatkua ( 8) intr.
pimet (20) intr.
hell itt ( 2)
nauttia (7)
pelt (18)
salamoida (9)
flood
freeze
freeze (cause
frost damage)
melt
move
predict
promise
dse
rot
vihainen (25)
kirkas (30)
tyyni (9)
kolea ( 20)
selke (20)
pilvinen (25)
viile ( 20)
tasainen (25)
foggy
gusty
humid
magnificent
mUd
muggy
pretty
tulvia ( 8) intr.
jty ( 8) intr.
palelluttaa (2) tr.
sulaa ( 2) intr.
siirty ( 8) intr.
ennustaa ( 2)
luvata (18)
kohota (17) ,
nousta ( 15)
mdt (20) intr.
etc.
lnsi. (ll )
tuuli ( 9 )
sand
shovel (snow)
snow (driving)
snow
(whirling)
spoU
stay (put)
tend
tighten
wake up
hiekoittaa ( 2)
luoda (10 ) lunta
tuiskuttaa (2 )
pyrytt ( 2)
sinking
slippery
soft
sultry
(oppressive)
thawing
windy
upottava (3)
liukas (30)
pehme (20)
painostava ( 3)
pilaantua ( 8) intr.
pysy ( 8)
tahtoa ( 8)
kiristy ( 8) intr.
hert (18 ) i.ntr.
Adjektiiveja
sumuinen (25 )
puuskainen (25)
kostea (20)
upea (20)
lauha (1)
hiostava (3)
siev ( 2)
nuoska ( 2)
tuulinen (25)
west
wind
Verbej
Adjectives
angry
bright
calm
chilly
clear
cloudy
cool
even
jne
ja niin
edelleen
even
vaikka
WEATHER
Weather in summer
s kesll
1. jakso
A. Kuulitko stiedotuksen?
Millaista st luvattiin?
Kuulit sa
Millasta
Sequence 1
A. Did you hear the weather forecast?
What kind of weather was forecasted?
Joo, m kuulin
B.
M en tienny
.
.
1 did.
Nice and
and hot.
Sequence 2
A. 1 didn't know that it could be this
hot in Finland.
And so many mosquitoes.
3. jakso
A. Nyt on varmasti ukkosta ilmassa.
On hiostava ja painostava ilma.
Sequence 3
A. There must be thunder in the air.
It's muggy and oppresaive (sultry)
weather.
Mullakin on
.
Minullakin on
..
Pelkks lapset
Sequence 4
A. Are the children afraid of thunder?
4. jakso
XI-3
Luvattiin
st luvattiin?
{ ilmaa ennustettiin?
ukkosta.
kovaa tuulta.
vaihtelevaa tuulta.
pilvisyytt.
A thunderstorm
Heavy wind
Variable wind
Cloudiness
was promised.
On
On
On
kosteaa.
lmmint.
viile.
koleaa.
hellett.
pilvist.
kirkasta.
selke.
puolipilvist.
sumua.
sumuista.
poutaa.
tuulista.
{ tyynt.
It' s
It's
:~;~~.
coo!.
chilly.
hoL
cloudy.
bright.
clear.
partly cloudy.
foggy (lit., there's some fog).
foggy.
fair.
It's {Wind Y
calm.
XI-4
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WEATHER
Weather in summer
s kesll
5. jakso
A. Tosiaankin, radio lupasi
ukkoskuuroja.
radio lupas
Sequence 5
A. Indeed, the radio predicted
thundershowers.
6. jakso
B. Viel pahempi olisi halla.
Sequence 6
B. Even worse would be a frost.
Miks
B. Se on ypakkanen kesll ja se
palelluttaa kasveja.
..
..
.
.
.
7. jakso
A. Nautitaan nyt poudista niin
kauan kuin niit on.
B. l sure. Ei ne kauan kest.
Jos alkaa sataa, voi tulla
hyvinkin kolea ja ikv ilma.
olis
or a hailstorm.
the tomatoes.
It would spoil
A. What is 'halla'?
B. It is a night frost in the summer
and it freezes plants.
Sequence 7
A. Let's enjoy the fair weather now
as long as it lasts.
B. Don't worry~ It won't last long.
If it begins to rain there can be
very chilly and nasty weather.
XI-5
sadetta.
rankkasadetta.
tihkusadetta.
rntsadetta.
raino
a downpour.
drizzling raino
wet snow, sleet.
Se on koillisessa.
Compass points
Ilmansuunnat
N
Pohjoinen
KoiHinen NE
NW Luode
It
W Lnsi
Kaakko SE
SW Lounas
Etel
S
XI-6
WEATHER
s talvella
Weather in winter
8. jakso
A. Tulkaa Slsaan lmmittelemn~
Saisiko olla kuppi kuumaa?
.
Saiskos
Sequence 8
A. Come in and get warm~
Would you like to have a cup
of something hot?
se tekis
Olis jo
9. jakso
A. Millainen keli oli teill ja
kaduilla?
Millanen
hiekotettu..
..
Sequence 9
A. What was it like on the roads
and streets?
B. It was still slippery, but the
main roads have already been
sanded.
10. jakso
A. Mutta nyt on hyvt hiihtokelit,
jos ei tule suoja.
ei
Sequence 10
A. But now the ski conditions are
good if it doesn't thaw.
.
.
tuu
XI-7
tuliPalopakkanen.
kova pakkanen.
{ pikkupakkanen.
Pakkanen
It's
kiristyy.
hellitt.
{
lauhtuu.
Cold (weather)
On
On
stiedotus
hiihtokelitiedotus
{
jtiedotus
hyv keli.
vesikeli
nuoska keli.
vitikeli
jkeli.
kova keli.
upottava keli.
kelirikko.
rospuutto.
{
routa.
bitingly cold.
intensely eold.
{
slightly eold.
lupasi?
inereases.
slaekens.
{ gets milder.
What did
It's
It's
promise?
good eonditions.
watery eonditions.
thawing eonditions.
powdery eonditions.
iey conditions.
hard eonditions.
soft (sinking) eonditions.
bad road eonditions.
broken road conditions.
{ frozen ground.
XI-8
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
WEATHER
s talvella
Weather in winter
11. jakso
A. Viime viikolla satoi paljon lunta.
sequence 11
A. Last week it snowed heavily.
.
.
.
12. jakso
B. TVH:lla oli ylitit.
pitolaitoksella.
..
Sequence 12
B. TVH worked overtime. And so did
the sanitation department.
Ja puhtaana-
sato
13. jakso
B. Muuten huomasitteko, ett yll oli
upeat revontulet1
Muuten huomasitteks
te upeet
sequence 13
B. By the way, did you notice
that there were magnificent
Northern lights last night1
Voi, m en osannu
oottaa
ne nkyy
XI-9
Oli
lumimyrsky.
myrsky.
hirmumyrsky.
pyrremyrsky.
There was a
kylm tuuli.
vi hainen viima.
{ puuskainen tuuli.
There was a
lumikuuroja.
ukkoskuuroja.
{ sadekuuroja.
kuuroja.
On
Lmpmittari
There are
Sataa lunta.
Pyrytt (lunta).
Tuiskuttaa (lunta.)
Juoksuttaa (lunta).
It's
It's
It's
It's
blizzard.
storm.
hurricane.
{
tornado.
F
110
L50
100
~.AQ.
- -- - -
cold wind.
biting wind.
{ gusty wind.
90
80 ,30
70
,20
60
10
50
snowing.
whirling snow.
blowing snow.
drifting snow.
40
20
JQ.
10
c
F
x 9
(F -
+ 32
32)
c =
10
I~
20
1
TVH
tie- ja vesirakennushallitus
TVL
tie- ja vesirakennuslaitos
30
30
40
40
~ ~
XI-lO
Study the following charts in order to understand Finnish forecasts. Use the vocabulary
in your own sentences.
------~-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pohjoistuuli,
north(erly) wind
lnsi-,
koillis-,
luoteis-,
kaakkois-,
SE
NW
NE
it-,
E
etelS
ja lounaistuuH
sw wind
Tuulen nopeus
wind velocity
m/sek
ml/t
0,3
0-1
m/sek
ml/t
10,8 - 13,8
25 - 31
13,9 - 17,1
32 - 38
m/sek
ml/t
28,5 - 32,6
64 - 75
0,3 - 1,5
1 - 3
1,6 - 3,3
4 - 7
3,4 - 5,6
8 - 12
17,2 - 20,7
39 - 46
5,5 - 7,9
13 - 18
20,8 - 24,4
47 - 52
8,0 - 10,7
19 - 24
24,5 - 28,4
53 - 63
XI-ll
Metspalovaroitus on voimassa
edelleen Turun ja porin, Uudenmaan ja Hmeen lniss
sek Ahvenanmaan maakunnassa.
stiedotus merenkulkijoille:
Odotettavissa sunnuntai-iltaan
asti:
Suomenlahden itosa: yll kaakkoistuulta 3 - 6 rn/s, utuista ja
aamuyst alkaen ajoittain sadetta, mahdollisesti ukkosta.
pivll lounaaseen kntyv
tuulta 5 - 8 rn/s. Ja parempi nkyvyys.
Suomenlahden lnsiosa ja PohjoisItmeri: aluksi eteln ja kaakon
vlist tuulta 4 - 7 rn/s. utuista
ja lnnest alkaen sadetta. pivll tuuli kntyy lounaaseen ja
nkyvyys paranee.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Ahvenanmaan maakunta
Turun ja Porin lni
Uudenmaan lni
Kymen lni
Hmeen lni
Vaasan lni
Keski-Suomen lni
Mikkelin lni
Kuopion lni
Pohjois-Karjalan lni
Oulun lni
Lapin lni
XI-12
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
USEFUL INFORMATION
Find out on the map what the iee eonditions are like in various plaees and where
the ieebreakers are.
D kllntoJlIItl
1==1 ta.ala,a
t::::1 JlIlItll
~
uutta taI
EI heIkkoa JlIlItl
BJ
a,JoJlltll
kiintoj
tasaista jt
uutta tai heikkoa jt
ajo jt
ahtautumia
railo
sohjoa
avovett
solid iee
fIat iee
new or weak iee
drifting iee
paek iee
eraek in the iee
slush
open water
Itmeri
Suomenlahti
Selkmeri
Merenkurkku
Permeri
Pohjanlahti
Baltie Sea
Gulf of Finland
Bothnian Sea
Quark
Bothnian Bay
Gulf of Bothnia
~ ahtautumla
0,allo
~.OhJoa
.avol/.UII
SAMPO
--VV-J"''' TARMO
MIINTYLUOTO
VARMA
JUTlLANNE 16.2.1982
MEIINTUTICIIIIUILAITOI
RAUMA
XI-13
........
SII
sWe
Helsinki Kaisaniemi -3
USEFUL INFORMATION
5W
'6
lumisade....
NNE NE
ENE E
ESE -
SE
SSE S
SSW SW
WSW W
WNWNW
NNW -
minus
plus
pohjoinen
pohjoiskoillinen
koillinen
itkoillinen
it
itkaakko
kaakko
etelkaakko
etel
etel lounas
lounas/lounainen
lnsilounas
lnsi
lnsiluode
luode/luoteinen
pohjoisluode
miinus
(pakkasasteita)
plus
(lmpasteita)
Odotettavissa
....nd
XI-14
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
.... ....
ee :s:s e :s
-GJ,.:.::s
n1":':
I
Vuosi
f-I
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
:r:
I
II)
:.:::nI :s='
n1,.:.:
::E
.......
:s ,.:.:6 :s
...r::
:s :s :s
:S,.:.:
I
:r:
2.8
3.5
0.1
3.7
4.5
3.3
1.9
2.3
2.2
3.1
3.4
3.7
2.3
1.6
2.2
f-I
:s ;~ :s 1 :s
III
:s .... :s ,.g :s
~,.:.: GJ,.:.: ~,.:.:
:r:
9.5
7.3
9.1
9.4
7.6
8.2
9.6
9.8
9.0
9.9
7.6
11.7
ILO
9.3
10.4
14.7
15.1
16.6
13.7
16.3
15.8
17.1
14.1
16.4
16.8
14.7
13.9
13.2
14.5
14.5
0":':
;n1
17.2
14.9
18.0
16.8
15.7
16.9
16.3
17.2
20.4
20.2
16.2
18.1
16.1
14.9
15.9
15.2
14.8
15.2
16.3
16.7
17.3
16.3
15.8
17.0
15.6
14.9
17.2
15.6
15.1
14.5
,.
:s nI :s
~:s ,.:.: :s
Ul
r/'J":':
0,.:.:
~
11.1
13.3
10.0
13.5
11.7
10.6
10.7
10.1
11.1
8.4
13.3
13.6
9.0
8.9
9.7
8.2
6.7
6.0
9.5
3.6
6.2
5.2
5.7
5.6
3.5
6.7
5.9
3.0
6.0
4.9
III
~ 5 -5,.:.::s:s
n1,.:.:
-,
::s
0.8
-2.9
3.1
4.4
-0.6
. 1.3
0.3
-0.2
1.7
-1.3
3.4
2.3
1.4
2.6
3.2
-0.8
-2.4
-3.2
-8.1
-1.2
-5.6
-1.5
-0.9
2.8
-5.2
1.8
-0.6
....3.1
-2.7
-11.1
o ....III
,.:.:
~ ~
5.5
4.9
4.1
5.5
4.8
4.3
4.6
5.4
6.1
5.6
6.7
7.1
4.2
4.6
3.9
XI-l5
COMPREHENSI0N EXERC1SES
A. Listen to the tape and take notes under the following headings.
Temperature
Wind velocity
Air pressure
sAA.
nEDOTUS
038
a) morning
b) noon
c) evening
d) night
2. ln Ahvenanmaa, in the southern part of Turku and Pori district, and in Kymi district:
a) S wind
weak or moderate
b) N wind
c) SW wind
d) NW wind
3. Tomorrow wind turning to
a) W
b) E
c)
SW
d) NW
4. ln the northern part of Turku and Pori district, and in Vaasa district:
a) S
moderate wind turning to
b) SW
c) SE
d) E
a) 12 degrees
b) 18 degrees
c)
22 degrees
degrees
d) 28
XI-l6
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a) 18 degrees
b) 12 degrees
c) 8 degrees
d) 22 degrees
7. 1n the southern part of Mikkeli, Keski-Suomi, Kuopio, Pohjois-Karjala, and Oulu district:
a) W and NW
moderate wind between
b) W and SW
c) Sand SW
d) N and NW
8.
b)
some showers
c)
some thunderstorms
d)
9.
b)
cloudy weather
c)
rain
d)
variable cloudness
KEY
1b
2c
3a
4a
5b
6b
Ba
7b
9a
10d
N,
NNW,
NNE,
WNW
2. Maarianhamina
W,
WSW,
S,
WNW
3. Pori
WSW,
SW,
W,
NW
XI-17
4. Tampere
SW
NW
5. Hmeenlinna
SW
NW
6. Ilomantsi
SE
SW
7. Viitasaari
SW
NW
NNW
8. Kajaani
NW
NE
9. Pudasjrvi
NNW
NNE
NE
10. Suomussalmi
ENE
ESE
11. Kuusamo
NNE
NSE
12. Pello
NW
NNW
NNE
13. Salla
ENE
ESE
14. Muonio
NE
NW
15. Ivalo
NNE
NNW
SE
NNW
NNE
ENE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KEY
1. NNW
11. NNE
3. W 4. W 5. SW
6. S
2. WSW
13. ENE
12. NNW
14. N 15. NNE
8. NE
7. NW
16. NNW
9. NNE
10. ENE
D. Listen to the weather forecast on the tape for the sea areas, and circle the right answer.
In the northern areas of the Baltie Sea and in the Gulf of Finland:
2. At night in some plaees
1. Slightly inereasing wind between
a) Sand SW
a) rain and thunder
b) W and NW
b) showers and hail
e) W and SW
e) mist and fog
d) Sand SE
d) elear or misty
3. Visibility
a)
b)
c)
d)
poor in daytime
improving
better
good
XI-18
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a)
b)
e)
d)
W and
S and
S and
W and
5. Wind turning to
a)
b)
e)
d)
6. Visibility
a)
b)
e)
d)
improving
better
good
poor
SW
SW
SE
NW
a)
b)
e)
d)
wind from
a) NE
b) NW
e) N
d) changing directions
10. Visibility
KEY
1e
2e
a)
b)
c)
d)
3d
4b
5b
6b
7e
zero
poor
good
excellent
8e
9d
10b
XJ-19
E. Listen to the weather forecast and find out what kind af weather is forecast for Finland in
South
East
West
North
.......
~.
f~
-" 0-"
selke
pilvist
~ pilvisyytt
kuuroja
puolipilVist
AC)/
.:::~ selkenev~"pilvistyv
//\,,--}
Dvesi sadetta
I \ '\
" \ /
~vaihtelevaa
~ lumisadetta
XI-20
READING
Are you prepared to start your car in sub-zero temperatures1
explain them to someone else in Finnish.
Try to
4. Once the motor has started don't rev the engine too
much because the lubrication is sluggish in a cold
engine.
5. If despite alI efforts the motor doesn't start, don't
leave the run-down battery in the cold. A frozen battery
can be damaged beyond repair.
XI-21
FUNCTION PRACTICES
1. There has been a heavy thunderstorm in your area.
Your basement has flooded/you've had a power failure/a tree has fallen on your roof.
Call the appropriate service company.
Explain what has happened and ask them to come and examine the damage.
2. You have planned to go sailing in the Finnish archipelago with your friend.
1n a weather forecast you hear of a warning for a storm with gusty winds.
Call your friend to tell him/her about this.
Caneel/postpone the trip 'peruuttaa/lykt'.
3. Your Finnish friend has invited you to dinner in his/her house outside Helsinki.
You drive there but the road turning from the main road is closed beeause of frost heaves
'routavahinkoja'~
XI-22
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UNIT XI
STRUCTURAL NOTES
XI-A
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Tm on seitsems kerros.
Olemme seitsemnness kerroksessa.
How to form
1.
nominati ve
remove -n from the genitive stern of the cardinal number
add the ordinal marker -s
the ordinals tor 1 and 2 are 'ensimminen' or 'yhdes', 'toinen' or 'kahdes'
ensimminen/eka
toinen/toka
kolmas
neljs
viides
kuudes
seitsems
kahdeksas
yhdekss
kymmenes
tirst
second
third
fourth
fitth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
yhdestoista
kahdestoista
kolmastoista
neljstoista
viidestoista
kuudestoista
seitsemstoista
kahdeksastoista
yhdeksstoista
kahdeskymmenes
21st
22nd
23rd
30th
40th
lOOth
lOlst
200th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
kahdestuhannes
miljoonas
kahdesmil joonas
2000th
1,OOO,OOOth
2,OOO,OOOth
XI-23
2.
nom.
gen.
part.
e88.
transl.
iness.
nelj-s
nelj-nne-n
nelj-tt
nelj-nte-n
nelj-nne-ksi
nelj-nne-ss
nelj-nne-t
nelj-nsi-en
kolma-s
kolma-nne-n
kolma-tta
kolma-nte-na
kolma-nne-ksi
kolma-nne-ssa
-nsi-
elat.
illat.
adess.
ablat.
al1at.
abess.
nelj-nne-st
nelj-nte-en
nelj-nne-ll
nelj-nne-lt
nelj-nne-lle
nelj-nne-tt
kolma-nne-t
kolma-nsi-en
elat. plo
illat. pl.
kolma-nne-sta
kolma-nte-en
kolma-nne-lla
kolma~nne-lta
kolma-nne-l1e
kolma-nne-tta
-nnenelj-nsi-st
nelj-nsi-in
'ensimminen' and 'toinen' are declined like alI the words ending in
(see t 25 CND)
kolma-nsi-sta
kolma-nsi-in
-nen
'-toista' remains unchanged, and the ordinal marker is only in the first part of
the numeral
from 20th onwards, each part of the number has the ordinal endings and inflects in alI cases
. kahde~kymmene~kolma~
23rd
"hen to use
1.
2.
Note:
answers the question 'kuinka mones, monesko' -how manieth-, -which one in a series of
numbered items
the ordinal agrees with the number and case of the noun (see the cardinal numbers in II-R)
Nowadays there is a tendency to inflect only the last part of the compound number.
vuoden kolmannestasada~stakahde~stakymmenennestkolmannestapivst lhtien
vuoden kolmesataakaksikymmentkolmannesta pivst lhtien
starting from the 323rd day of the year
XI-24
Practional numbers
1/3
1/4
1/6
1/10
1/100
yksi
yksi
yksi
yksi
yksi
kolmasosa
neljsosa
kuudesosa
kymmenesosa sadasosa
kolmannes (1 32 in CNO)
neljnnes
kuudennes
kymmenennes
sadannes
X1-B
2/3
3/10
5/7
kaksi kolmasosa-a
kolme kymmenesosa~
viisi seitsemsosa-a
PART1C1PLES AS ADJECT1VES
You have learned about participles as part af the main verb form for negative past, present, and
past perfect: 'en tullut, olen tullut, olin tullut,' etc. 1n addition, participles are used also
as adjectives, which of course are placed immediately before the noun they modify and agree with its
case and number.
the arrived train
tullut juna
tulleessa junassa
in the arrived train
Since participles are verb forms, they get the modifiers that verbs normally get, like where,
when, why, how, and what which are placed before the participle when it is used adjectively.
Helsingist tullut juna
autoa ajanut mies
X1-C
(see I 3 CNO)
(hn)
teke-e
-v
-vi-ss
he does
doing
palata
(he) palaa-vat
-va
-vi-ssa
they return
returning
XI-25
precedes the noun it modifies and follows its number and case like alI adjectives
the modifiers precede a participle as an adjective
Matti tulee -
junassa
saapuvassa
Oulusta
When to use
1.
2.
more common in written text or formal speech, while in colloquial speech some
other expression is used instead
Matti tulee junassa, joka saapuu Oulusta.
Matti tulee Oulun junassa.
Lexicalization note:
-va/-v
But:
XI-D
1
1
Dow to form
the past act. participle
-nut/-nyt
-nut/-nyt- +
-nee-ne- + -i-
in sg. nom.
-ta/-t in
in a11 other
in a11 other
nom. ag.
saapu-nut
part. sg.
saapu-nut-ta
gen. sg.
saapu-nee-E.
gen. pl.
part. pl.
saapu~-..!.-den
saapu-~-..!.-ta
illat. pl.
saapu-ne-.!.-siin
precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with its number and case like alI adjectives
the modifiers precede it
Matti tulee -
.....
junassa
(that) arrived
saapuneessa
Oulusta
When to use
from Oulu
1.
2.
occurs mainly in the written language, while in everyday speech a relative clause is used
3.
XI-E
XI-27
Dow to forrn
use the past passive participle (see IX-A)
inflect in the singular or plural like any other word ending in
nom.
gen.
part.
transl.
esso
eg.
vartioitu
vartioidun
vartioitua
vartioiduksi
vartioituna
plo
.vartioidut
vartioitujen
vartioituja
vartioiduiksi
vartioituina
-u/-y
plo
vartioiduissa
vartioiduista
vartioituihin
vartioiduilla
vartioiduilta
vartioidui lle
89
iness
elat.
illat.
adess.
ablat.
allat.
(t 15 in the eND)
vartioidussa
vartioidusta
vartioituun
vartioiduUa
vartioidulta
vartioidulle
suositumpi
more popular
suosituin
most popular
precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with its number and case like alI adjectives
the modifiers precede it
soitan
- - - - ...
varatusta
eilen
pydst
Jf
If
When ta use
1.
reserved
yesterday
more common in the written text or formal speech, whilein colloquial speech a relative
c1ause ia used instead
Konferenssiin kutsuttu puhuja
saapui myhn.
puhuja, joka oli kutsuttu konferenssiin
saapui myhn.
2.
3.
the meaning refers to action that is completed wdone,w wwas done,w or whad been done w
use this form only when the agent (subject) is not expressed; see lagenttipartisiippi l , XII-B
XI-28
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UNIT XII
GEOGRAPHY
MAANTIEDETTX
Nouns
almanac
Antarctica
Antarctic Ocean
archipelago
architect
architecture
Arctic Circle
bay, gulf
border
bottom
canal
coast
continent
daylightsaving time
defense
organization
Earth
eclipse
(of the moon)
eclipse
(of the sun)
economic
organization
equator
fjeld**
be in accord,
follow
belong
count
*
**
almanakka (1)
Etelmanner (22)
Etelinen
jmeri (9)
saaristo (16)
arkkitehti (6)
arkkitehtuuri (6)
napapiiri (6)
lahti (8)
raja (1)
pohja (2)
kanava (3)
rannikko (16)
manner (22)*,
mantere (5)
kesaika (1)
Substantiiveja
flood
glacier
globe
globular map
gravel
halfway
hemisphere
(geographic)
hill
hill
(arctic)
interaction
isthmus
lake
landscape
latitude
length
puolustuslongitude
liitto (15)
lowland
maa (18)
member
kuunpimennys (32) moon
mountain
auringonnature
pimennys (32)
neighbor
talousNorth Pole
jrjest (16)
Northern
pivntasaaja (3) Hemisphere
tunturi (7)
Verbs
tulva (2)
jtikk (16)
maapallo (15)
pallokartta (1)
sora (2)
puoli vli (6)
pallonpuolisko (16)
mki (8)
vaara (1)
mytill (13)
suunnitella (14)
kaivaa (1)
piirt (3)
kuulua (8)
laskea (4)
design
dig
draw
(design)
ocean
peninsula
place, point
plateaiJ
position
region
ridge
sea
shore
South Pole
space
vuorovaikutus (32) stone
kannas (32)
straits
jrvi (8)
stream,
maisema (3)
current
leveysaste (5)
style
pituus (33)
swamp
pituusaste (5)
Tropic of
alanko (16)
Cancer
jsen (22)
Tropic of
kuu (18)
Capricorn
vuori (9)
tundra
luonto (15)
waterfall
naapuri (7)
pohjoisnapa (1)
width
pohjoinen pallon- valley
puolisko (15)
village
valtameri (9)
niemi (9)
kohta (2)
ylnk (16)
asema (3)
seutu (15)
harju (15)
meri (9)
ranta (1)
etelnapa (1)
avaruus (33)
kivi (8)
salmi (8)
virta (1)
tyyli (6)
suo (17)
Kravun
kntpiiri (6)
Kauriin
kntpiiri (6)
tundra (2)
koski (8),
putous (32)
leveys (33)
laakso (15)
kyl (2)
Verbej
join
be situated
be visible
si jaita (19)
nky (8)
XII-l
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Adjectives
bare
continental
eastern,
oriental
perfect,
complete
paljas (30)
geographical
mannermainen (25) historical
itmainen (25)
neutral,
impartia.
tydellinen (25) partial
lheisesti
literally
Adjektiiveja
osittainen (25)
poliittinen (25)
pyrelakinen (25)
soinen (25)
lnsimainen (25)
kirjaimellisesti
Geographical nouns
Africa
Asia
Australia
Bahamas
Bedng Strai t
BrazU
British
Commonwealth
Cambodia
Canada
China
Egypt
Ethiopia
Far East
Greenland
Gulf Stream
Hawaii
India
Afrikka
Aasia
Australia
Bahama-saaret
Beringin salmi
Brasilia
Brittilinen
kansainyhteis
Kamputsea
Kanada
Kiina
Egypti
Etiopia
Kaukoit
Grnlanti
Golfvirta
Havaiji
Intia
Ivory Coast
Japan
Middle East
Mexico
Near East
New Zealand
North America
Pasific Ocean
South Africa
South America
Southeast Asia
spitzbergen
United States
of America
USSR
White Sea
Norsunluurannikko
Japani
Lhi-it, Etu-Aasia
Meksiko
Lhi-it
Uusi-Seelanti
Pohjois-Amerikka
Tyyni valtameri
Etel-Afrikka
Etel-Amerikka
Kaakkois-Aasia
Huippuvuoret
Amerikan Yhdysvallat
Sosialististen neuvostotasavaltojen
liitto
Vienan meri
XII-2
GEOGRAPHY
1. jakso
A. Huomasin kartasta, ett Suomi
sijaitsee 60. ja 70. leveyspiirin vlill.
Hui, se on kamalan pohjoisessa:
B. Niin on, mutta Suomen ilmasto
..
Joo,
..
Sequence 1
A. 1 noticed from the map that Finland
is located between 60 and 70 degrees
latitude.
Whew~
It's terribly far north~
B. It is, but the climate in Finland is
..
B. Se on 25 astetta itist
pituutta. Helsingiss on sama
aika kuin Kapkaupungissa.
..
...
Sequence 3
A. And at what longitude is Helsinki?
4. jakso
A. Mik aikaero on Helsingin ja
Washingtonin vlill?
..
Sequence 4
A. What ia the time difference between
Helsinki and Washington?
B. Se on
tuntia.
seittemn
B. It ia ~ degrees eaatern
longitude. Helsinki has the same
time as Cape Town.
B. It ia 7 houra.
XII-3
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Ask for and provide information like this, using a globular map.
Mik on Helsingin maantieteellinen asema?
Mill {PituusPiirill
leveyspii r 1l1
Se on 10 astetta
se on?
itist pituutta.
lntist
II
{ pohjoista leveytt.
etelist
II
is it?
east longitude.
west
II
north
latitude.
{
south
II
XII-4
GEOGRAPHY
5. jakso
A. Kuuluuko Suomi Skandinaviaan?
Sequence 5
A. Ooes Finland belong to Scandinavia?
6. jakso
A. Onko Suomi NATO:n jsen?
Sequence 6
A. Is Finland a member of NATO?
7. jakso
A. Ent mink talousjrjestn jsen Suomi
on?
Sequence 7
A. And what economic organization is Finland
a member of?
XII-5
Ask for and provide information about EUrope and European countries, using the materia1 on this
and the previous page.
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
East Germany
England
Estonia
Finland
France
Faro Islands
Greece
Holland
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Kola Peninsula
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Scotland
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
West Germany
Yugoslavia
"
Archipelago of Aland
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Baltic Sea
Eurooppa
Itvalta
Belgia
Tanska
It-Saksa
Englanti
Eesti, Viro
Suomi
Ranska
Fr-saaret
Kreikka
Hollanti
Unkari
Islanti
Irlanti
Italia
Kuolan niemimaa
Norja
Puola
Portugali
Romania
Skotlanti
Neuvostoliitto
Espanja
Ruotsi
Turkki
qnsi-saksa
Jugoslavia
Ahvenanmaan saaristo
Pohjoinen jmeri
Atlantti, Atlantin
valtameri
Itmeri
EUROOPPA
English Channel
Mediterranean
North Sea
Englannin kanaali
Vlimeri
pohjanmeri
Saimaa Canal
straits of Gibraltar
Saimaan kanava
Gibraltarin salmi
XII-6
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GEOGRAPHY
6. jakso
A. Mitk ovat Suomen naapurit?
B. Suomen naapurit ovat Ruotsi
lnness, Norja pohjoisessa,
Neuvostoliitto idss ja Viro
etelss.
on
on
Sequence 6
A. Who are the neighbors of
Finland?
B. The neighbors of Finland are Sweden
in the west, Norway in the north, the
Soviet Union in the east, and Estonia
in the south.
9. jakso
A. Millaista maisemaa Suomi on?
Millasta
10. jakso
A. Onko Suomessa vuoria?
Onks
Sequence 10
A. Are there mountains in Finland?
11. jakso
A. Ent suot? Onko Suomessa paljon soita?
Ents
..
..
.
.
..
Sequence 9
A. What is the landscape like in Finland?
B. We have many lakes, woods, and islands.
Sequence 11
A. And what about swamps? Are there
many swamps in Finland?
B. Quite a few, mainly in Ostrobothnia.
Ostrobothnia is an old seabed (lit.,
bottom of the sea).
XII-7
Ask lor and provide information about various countries and places, as in sequences 8, 9, 10,
and 11. Alao uae the appropriate words found in the word block.
Miss Helsinki on?
etel
pohjoinen
it
lnsi
Se on
Where is Helsinki?
I t is farther
etelmpn kuin Kuopio.
pohjoisempana kuin Suomenlahti.
idempn kuin Tukholma.
lnnempn kuin Leningrad.
If you are interested in eclipses, talk about them with the help of the information below.
Helsinki
Jyvskyl'
Oulu
Sodankyl
Utsjoki
Kytetyt koordin..tit
Leveys pohj. pivntas.
Pituus itn Greenwichist
60 9',7
24 57'.3
62 13'.0
25 44'.0
65 1'.0
25 30'.0
67 25'.0
26 35'.0
69 52'.0
27 0'.0
XII-8
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GEOGRAPHY
. Kaupunkikuva
City picture
12. jakso
A. Olin Yllttynyt, kun nin moderneja
rakennuksia Helsingiss. Luulin, ett
Suomen arkkitehtuuri olisi lhinn
itmaista.
Sequence 12
A. I was surprised when 1 saw modern
buildings in Helsinki. 1 thought
that Finnish architecture was mainly
oriental.
13. jakso
A. Olen huomannut, ett Suomessa luonto
ja arkkitehtuuri liittyvt hyvin
lheisesti yhteen.
Sequence 13
A. 1 have noticed that in Finland nature
and architecture are very closely
intertwined.
XII-9
Ask for and provide information like this about some famous buildings in your area.
Mit tyyli tm arkkitehtuuri on?
Se on
uusklassista tyyli.
kansallisromanttista tyyli.
jugendtyyli.
talonpoikaistyyli.
bysanttilaista tyyli.
It is
neoclassical
nationalistic-romantic
jugend (Art Nouveau)
rural vernacular/rustic/country
Byzantine
style.
Ask for and provide information like this, using the name of the architect and the building.
Kenen piirtm Finlandia-talo on?
*Huomautus:
XII-lO
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Almanakka,
KESXLLX
find
(jld
mf6hcmmln
zomlft
'i.
10mln
Haig
tomi"
aikaisemmin
20 m1n
'fjtt;;='-cteL~;:------t.>-oL.-~;;;;;:---:;;IO",ln
.lk.IHmmln
XII-ll
COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
A. Listen to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the sentences below are
true or false.
T
F
1. An Israeli patrol boat was sunk by a Palestinian guerilla boat.
2. The Israeli patrol boat was on its usual patrol, and was heading
towards the Israeli coast.
3. The guerillas opened fire.
4. Their boat destroyed and sank the patrol boat.
5. This was told by the Israeli military spokesman.
6. He did not mention how many Israelis were in the patrol boat.
B. Listen to the news and choose the right answer.
1. The Bangladesh Air Force planes began to drop food to the areas a) under flood water.
b) isolated by the flood water.
a) a quarter
2. Over
b) half
of Bangladesh is covered by monsoon rains.
3. The flood is
a) receding.
b) rising.
a) 1800
b) 1200
5. Over half the capital, Dacca, is
6. According to officials,
a)
a) 78,000
b)
72,000
13
b) 30
a) NE
b) SE
India.
a) 6 weeks.
b) 16 weeks.
3. Starving peop1e were seen looking for food in several cities near the
100,000
b) 1 mil1ion
a) West Benga1
b) Bangladesh
border.
a)
peop1e.
5. People have asked the Assam government to provide food and he1p to fight
a) stray dogs.
b) contagious diseases.
on
a) Eng1and.
b) Norway.
a) in the sea.
b) on land.
a) British.
b) Norwegians.
c) NOA.
a) 12' Norwegian.
b) 18' Br! tish.
XI 1-13
E. Listen to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the sentences below are true
or false.
T
1. The syrtan government blames Iraq for an exploston tn Damascus.
2. Eight died and more than 60 were injured.
J. According to the statement, the Iraqi government opposes the
syrian revolutionary organization.
4. Relations between Iraq and syrta are expected to improve.
5. A large part of Iraqi oil and other goods are transported via
Syria.
F. Listen to the guide on yourtour around Helsinki and take notes under the following headings:
Architect
Building
KEY
A. lF
B. lb
c. la
D. la
E. lT
2F
2b
2a
2b
2F
3T
3b
Ja
3c
JF
4T
4b
4b
4a
4F
5T
5b
5b
Style
6F
6a
5T
XU-14
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READING.
XII-15
FUNCTION PRACTICES
1. Your home state/the country of your last assignment
-
where is it situated?
what kind of climate/landscape does it have?
what is the main type of industry (teollisuus)?
what do people do in their free time, etc.?
XII-16
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UNIT XII
STRUCTURAL NOTES
X11-A
EHBEDDED SENTENCES
'LAUSEENVAST1KKEET'
A complete subordinate clause (containing a subject and a verb), either in the active or passive
voice, is often replaced with a so-called 'lauseenvastike' -embedded sentence.- This permeates
the written and media language, but is less common in the spoken language. 1t is important for you
to learn to spot these structures as complete units when decoding Finnish text. 1n this book, we
will deal with only the most common embedded sentence structures.
Dow to decode embedded sentences
1.
2.
subject
expressed by
by
by
precedes the
the genitive when it is a different noun than the subject of the main clause
personaI pronoun (+ poss. suffix) when it is a different personaI pronoun
poss. suffix alone when it is the same personaI pronoun as in the main clause
verb which is usually in a participle form
participle/infinitive
the verb is usually in a participle form, although several infinitive forms are
also used
generally in one of the following cases: genitive, partitive, inessive, or translative
X11-B
'AGENTT1PART1S11PP1'
EHBEDDED SENTENCE
Se on Sirenin piirtm.
X11-17
Dow to form
in the nom. sg., 'agenttipartisiippi' is the 111 info of the verb (see IV-J)
precedes the word it modifies and agrees with its number and case like alI adjectives
Toin idin tekemt kakut.
the agent, i.e., the subject, in the genitive case must always be expressed and
must precede the participle (see XII-A)
En usko .=.P.::::e.:.:k-=a.:.:n~k-=e..=.r-=t-=o.:.::m.=.i-=a_j-=u-=t..=.t-=u.Lj.=.a.
En usko ==":;;=-----:':"::"::'''::''::'===''-:...:..:''::'::'''::'::'==:'':'-'-<''';;';'''::'::'.::.0<.';;;'
hnen kertomiansa/kertomiaan juttuja.
Pekka ei usko kertomiaan juttuja.
kertomiansa.
"hen to use
1.
both as an adjective modifying a noun and as a predicate adjective expressing completed action
1 tasted the cake made by mother.
They are designed by Siren.
kakut
If
made by mother
kotona
eilen
3.
II
yesterday
4.
at home
when the agent is not expressed, use the past pasa. participle form instead (see XI-E)
Compare:
XII-C
1.
2.
3.
Dow to form
the passive stern
-tta-/-tt-ta-/-t-
+ -va/-v
+ -va/-v
(see
x-el
When to use
1.
2.
'tytyy/pit/tulee' in the
Minu~
XII-19
3.
the expression 'onko teill mitn sanomista?' (see X-A) ean be replaeed by
jotain, mitn + present passive participle + -a/- (part.)
Do you have anything to say?
EMBEDDED SENTENCE
1.
1
1
2.
1
1
How to form
1.
+ -n
+ -n
meet hirn.
(see XI-D)
1
thought that
The subject of the embedded sentenee is in the gen. (see XII-A), and
not in the usual object case of the aee.
Nin sinun nouseva~ bussiin.
Nin sinut bussissa (objeet).
1
1
When to use
1.
uskoa
luulla
otaksua, jne.
to believe
to think, to believe
to presurne, etc.
nhd
to see
tiet
to know
2.
3.
4.
a similar conatruction ia posaible in the pasaive voice aa well, but it ia very forrnal
XII-E
1.
2.
EMBEDDED SENTENCE
Dow to form
to express ongoing or future action -va-/v- + -n = present active participle
(see exarnple 1 above)
to express completed action -nee- + -n = past active participle + -n
(see exarnple 2 above) (see XI-D)
the subject stays in the nominative
When to use
1. generally used with intransitive verbs:
2.
nky
kuulua
it seems
itls heard
nytt
tuntua
+ -n
i t seerns like
i t feels like
XII-21
XII-F
1NSTRUCTIVE
-(i)n
1.
2.
3.
DoW to foern
1. + 2.
3.
with verbs
attach -n
-e-
(see XIII-e)
When to use
1.
2.
many commonly used adverbs are formed by instructive case, but otherwise it is not
widely used in spoken language
oikein
vrin
usein
3.
-how-]
correctly
wrong
often, etc.
hyvin
paljon
very
much
-1ng
XII-22
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
UNIT XIII
HOLIDAYS AND CHURCH
JUHLAPXIVXT JA KIRKKO
Nouns
Epiphany
eve
faith, denomination
flag
flagpole
freethinker
funeral
pyhinpi v (2)
Marian (ilmestymis-)
piv (2)
arkkipiispa (1)
Kristuksen taivaaseenastumisen piv (2),
helatorstai (18)
ateisti (6)
kaste (5)
bapti sti (6)
kanttor i (7)
kirkko (15)
kirkkopyh (2), arkipyh (2)
siviilirekisteri (7)
ehtoollinen (25)
konfirmaatio (21)
rukouspiv (2)
hiippakunta (2)
psiinen (25),
psiispiv (2)
loppiainen (25)
aatto (1)
uskontokunta (2)
lippu (15)
lipputanko (15)
vapaa-ajattelija (4)
hautajaiset (25) plo
Substantii veja
gatecrasher
Good Friday
greeting
holiday
Holy Week
hortzon
Independence Day
invited guest
John the Baptist
joy
law
Lent
manse, parsonage
Maundy Thursday
May Day
Memorial Day (of fallen
soldiers)
Methodist
midsumrner
minister (clergyman)
Mother's Day
name day
New Year's Day
obituary
Palm Sunday
parish
kuokkavieras (30)
pitkperjantai (18)
tervehdys (32)
juhlapiv (2),
loma (2)
hiljainen viikko (15)
horisontti (6)
itsenisyyspiv (2)
ku~suvieras (30)
Johannes Kastaja (4)
ilo (15)
laki (6)
paastonaika (1)
pappila (4)
kiirastorstai (18)
vappu (15)
kaatuneiden muistopiv (2)
metodisti (6)
juhannus (32)
pastori (7)
itienpiv (2)
nimipiv (2)
uudenvuodenpiv (2),
uusivuosi (10)
kuolinilmoitus (32)~
muistokirjoitus (32)
palmusunnuntai (18)
seurakunta (2)
XIII-l
Nouns
Pentecostalist Church
party
period
priest (ehaplain)
religion
Roman Catholie
Salvation Army
Shrove Tuesday
sermon
Helluntaiseurakunta (2)
kutsut (1~) plo
sorrow, mourning
juhlat (2) plo, pidot (15) plo Sunday school
ajanjakso(15), kausi(lO)
synagogue
pappi (6)
Thanksgiving
uskonto (16)
wedding
roomalaiskatolinen (25)
Whitsunday
Pelastusarmeija (4)
veteran
laskiainen (25),
laskiaistiistai (18)
vicar
Verbs
baptize
eelebrate
condole
congratulate
end
fast
kastaa (1)
viett (2)
valittaa (2) surua,
ottaa (2) osaa suruun
onnitella (14)
ptty (8) intr o
paastota (17)
Adjectives
Anglican
customary
eccelesiastic
holy
Jewish
Lutheran
Methodist
Substantiiveja
anglikaaninen (25)
vakiintunut (38)
kirkollinen, (25)
pyh (2)
juutalainen (25)
luterilainen (25)
metodistinen (25)
saarna (1)
suru (15)
pyhkoulu (15)
synagoga (3)
'kiitospiv' (2)
ht (18) plo
helluntai (18)
veteraani (6), rintamamies (35), aseveli (8)
kirkkoherra (1)
Verbej
fly a flag
greet
invite
legislate
lower
preach
raise, hoist
liputtaa (2)
tervehti (7)
kutsua (8)
st (3)* laki
laskea (4)
saarnata (18)
nostaa (2)
Adjektii veja
Mohammedan, Moslem
offieial
orthodox
Roman Catho1ic
secular, lay
uninvited
muhamettilainen (25)
virallinen (25)
ortodoksinen (25)
roomalaiskatolinen (25)
maallinen (25)
kutsumaton (24)
XIII-2
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HOLIDAYS
1. jakso
B. Katsotaan nyt suomalaista
almanakkaa.
Katsotaans ny
Sequence 1
B. Let'a look at the Finnish almanac.
Siinnon
B. Niin on.
Joo
2. jakso
B. Huomatkaa, ett meill on seitsemn kertaa vuodessa kaksoiskirkkopyh. Tmn lisksi on
kaksi na. (niin sanottua)
-maallista- juhlapiv: toukokuun
1. piv, vappu, ja joulukuun 6.
piv, itsenisyyspiv.
Tn
Sequence 2
B. Notice that seven times a year
Nimipivt ja auringon
nousun ja laskun ajat viiden
eri horisontin mukaan.
nuntaina.
3. jakso
A. Ent kiitospiv?
sit?
.
.
.
.
.
lisks
.
.
.
.
.
Vietetnk
in Finland?
B. Of course: On the second Sunday of
May.
Ents kiitospiv
Sequence 3
A. How about Thanksgiving?
celebrated?
1s i t
X1II-3
1,
almanakkaa.
allakkaa (colloq.).
kalenteria.
Milloin vietetn
hiljaista viikkoa?
psiisviikkoa?
paastonaikaa?
When is
Holy Week
Easter week
Lent
almanac.
almanac.
calendar.
celebrated?
Kirkolliset juhlapivt
Loppiaista vietetn tammikuun 6. ja 12. pivn vlisen lauantaina.
Marianpiv maaliskuun 22. ja 28. pivn. vlisen sunnu.ntaina, tai
jos tm sunnuntai on palmusunnuntai tai psiispiv, palmusunnuntain edellisen sunnuntaina. Kristuksen taivaaseenastumisen piv vietetn rukoussunnuntain edellisen lauantaina. Rukoussunnuntai on
viides psiisen jlkeinen sunnuntai. Helluntain valmistuspiv viete~
tn helluntain edellise"n .lauantaina. Johannes Kastajan piv vietetn keskuun 20. ja 26. pivn vlisen lauantaina ja pyhinpiv
lokakuun 31. ja marraskuun 6. pivn vlisen lauantaina.
Viikkonumerointi
Kansainvlisen standardisoimisjrjestn (ISO:n) mukaisesti Suomi
siirtyi uuteen viikkonumerointijrjeste1mn' 1973. Uuden jrjestelmn
mukaan viikko(lumero tarkoittaa aina 7 pivn ajanjaksoa ja viikko 1 on
vuoden ensimminen viikko johon sisltyy vhintn 4 uuden vuoden
piv. Viikon ensimminen piv on aina maanantai.
XIII-4
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HOLIDAYS
4. jakso
B. Kaatuneiden muistopiv vietetn
toukokuun kolmantena sunnuntaina.
Silloin liput ovat puolitangossa.
Sillon liput on
sequence 4
B. Memorial Day is celebrated
on the third Sunday of May.
Then the flags are at half masto
Allakasta nkyy
5. jakso
A. Unohdin kysy, onko teill
Halloween.
B. Ei toki. Pahat henget ovat
liikkeell kiirastorstaiyn.
Silloin -rullit- vierailevat
navetoissa. Mutta se ei ole
hauskaa, pinvastoin.
Sensijaan laskiaistiistai on
hauska piv. Kaikki, jotka
kynnelle kykenevt, laskevat mke.
M unohdin kysyy
onks
Eihn toki
Sequence 5
A. 1 forgot to ask if you have
Halloween.
kykenee
6. jakso
A. Onko teill erityisruokia juhlapivin?
Onks teill
erityisii ruokii
Sequence 6
A. Do you have special dishes on
holidays?
..
. seioo..
...
...
XIII-5
Flying the flag in Finland ia regulated and tied to holiday celebrations. It is important for you to
know about these customs. study the liat of days on which the flag is flown, and interview your
teacher about the circumstances.
Uputuspivi
VIralII. .:
Kaleval~.~ I?iv~.' sU~!1'~laisen kulttuurin piv .
helmik. 28.
yapunpalVa, tyon palva. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. toukok. 1.
Aitlcnpiv
toukok. toinen sunn.
Puolustusvoimain lippujuhla
kesk. 4.
Suomen lipun piv
juhannuspiv
1tsenisyyspiv
;
jouluk. 6.
Virallisia liputuspivi ovat mys ne pivt, joina kansanedustajain vaalit toimitetaan
sek piv, jolloin tasavallan presidentti astuu toimeensa.
0
VakiintUneet:
..... '..: '':
. palva
R~ne bergm.
Mikael A~nc~!a~ palva
Snellma"!tn palva.... OM:
heI ml.
'k 5.
, huhtik. 9.
'': . . . . . . . . . . . . . . toukok. 12.
Kaat~nel~ten m.?ls~opalva
toukok. kolmas sunn.
AleksiS Kiven palva
, lokak. 10.
Svenska dagen (ruotsalaisuuden piv) ..... ~ . . . .. marrask.6.
Liputus alkaa kaikkina vuoden aikoina klo 8 ja pttyy auringon laskiessa, kuitenkin
viimeistn kello 21.
KaatuneiUen muistopivn liput lasketaan normaaliliputuksesta suruliputukseen
klo 10-14 viliRbi ajabi. Suomen lipun pivn liputu. aJkaajojuhannusaauonakio 18
ja pUttyy vasta juhannuplivlni klo 21. 1tsenisyyspivini liput lasketaan klo 20.
Lippu on {tangossa.
puolitangoBsa.
lipunnosto
lipunlasku
Lippu nostetaan.
Lippu lasketaan.
XIII-6
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CHURCH
7. jakso
A. Onko Suomessa valtionuskonto?
Onks Suomess
8. jakso
A. Mutta kirkkoa ei ole erotettu
valtiosta, vai mit?
kirkkoo
Ei
..
.
00.
.
Heiilon kaks
..
.
Sequence 7
A. ls there a state religion in
Finland?
B. In Finland there's a law for
religious freedom made in 1923.
Sequence 8
A. But church has not been separated
from state, has it?
B. No. We have two so-called
state churches: the Finnish
Evangelical-Lutheran Church and
the Orthodox Church.
9. jakso
A. Eik teill ole muita uskontokuntia lainkaan?
Eiks teilloo
Sequence 9
A. Don't you have any other
denominations at alI?
..
XIII-7
Kirkossa on
menossa
Lapset ovat
Kuulun
kastetoimitus.
ht, vihkitoimitus.
konfirmaatio.
ehtoollisjumalanpalvelus.
hautajaiset.
pyhkoulussa.
rippikoulussa .
{ uskontotunnilla.
metodistikirkkoon.
baptistiyhdyskuntaan.
helluntaiseurakuntaan.
pelastusarmeijaan.
siviilirekisteriin.
vapaa-ajattelija.
kirkosta eronnut.
{ ateisti
There's a
christening
wedding
confirmation
communion service
funeral
at the church.
in sunday school.
~n confirmation school.
{ ln a scripture class.
1 belong to the
Methodist church.
Baptist church.
Pentecostalist church.
Salvation Army.
civil register.
a freethinker.
separated from the church.
{ an atheist.
XIII-8
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
The Finnish 'Almanakka' is an interesting source of information. Study this page and talk about
what kind of information you can find.
TAMMIKUU 1987
IT
Helsinki Jyvlbkylll
Aurinko
Aurinko
nous. lask. nous. lask.
Anna, oi Jeesus
rauha ja menestysl
Piv
* Uudenvuodenpivll
9.22
9.21
9.20
9.19
9.18
9.17
10.20
10.18
10.16
10.14
10.12
10.10
Almanalla
2P
3L
4S
Aapeli
Eimo, E.Imer
Uudenv.p. jlllk. sunn. Ruul
vuodeksi
1987
jlkeen
Vapahtajamme Kristuksen
syntymn
5M
6T
7K
8T
9P
10 L
II S
Oulu
Sodankylll
Uu~oU
Aurinko
Aurinko
Aunnko
nous. lask. nous. lask. nous. lask.
ucr
i: 42l2
Lea. Leea
o lh. 0 cr v. 2
Hani
()
AukuSli. Augusl. Aku
Hil~a
Vei 0, Veli, Veijo
Loppiainen. Nyyriklti
Pl. 72: '.J. lon - JtI. 60: 16. - .11"".2: 112.
1. loppiaisen jlllk. s. Kari, Kani
*
*
15.29
15.31
15.33
15.35
15.37
15.39
9.40
9.38
9.37
9.36
9.35
9.33
15.05
15.07
15.09
15.12
15.14
15.16
14.27
14.30
14.32
14.35
14.38
14.41
11.16
11.12
11.08
11.04
11.00
10.56
13.22
13.27
13.32
13.37
13.42
13.47
9.14
9.13
9.12
9.10
9.08
9.07
9.05
15.43
15.45
15.47
15.49
15.52
15.54
15.56
9.30
9.29
9.27
9.25
9.23
9.21
9.19
15.21
15.23
15.26
15.28
15.31
15.34
15.36
10.05
10.03
10.01
9.58
9.55
9.53
9.50
14.4 7
14.51
14.54
14.57
15.00
15.04
15.07
10.47
10.43
10.39
10.35
10.31
10.27
10.23
13.57
14.02
14.06
14.11
14.16
14.21 11.52 12.53
14.25 11.37 13.08
15.59
16.01
16.04
16.06
16.08
16.11
16.14
9.17
9.15
9.13
9.10
9.08
9.06
9.03
15.39
15.4 21
15.44
15.4 7
15.50
15.53
15.56
9.4 7
9.44
9.42
9.39
9.36
9.33
9.30
15.11
15.14
15.18
15.21
15.25
1528
15.32
10.19
10.15
10.11
10.07
10.03
9.59
9.55
14.30
14.35
14.39
14.44
14.49
14.53
14.58
12 M Toini
~ yl. d 0 v. 8
13 T Nuulli
14 K Sakari, Saku
0, \llnl. 0
15 T Solja
16 P Ilmari, Ilmo
17 L Anllo. Toni. Anlon, Anlloni
18 S
2. loppiaisen jlllk. sunn. Laura
19 M
20 T
21 K
'l2T
23 P
24 L
25 S
Julhissut
Helsingin yliopisto
WElLlN+GS
Fspoo 1986
26
27
28
29
30
31
T
K
T
P
L
Raino. Raine
Viljo
Kaarlo, Kalle, Kaarle. Mies
Vailleri
Ir~a
Ali
II
cr, 11 cr v. 5
8.50
8.48
8.46
8.43
13.20
13.30
13.39
13.47
13.55
14.03
14.10
IIUI
11.26
11.17
11.08
11.00
10.53
10.46
10.40
15.39 9.47
15.42 9.43
15.4:19,39
15.49 9.~5
15.53 9.31
15.07 10.27
15.11 10.21
15.16 10.15
15.:1110.10
15.24.10.04
14.23
lUO
14.36
14.421
14.48
XI II-9
on this page you can find the different festival days on the Jewish, Moslem, and
orthodox calendars.
-28.
-29.
Heink.20.
Elok.6.
-15.
-29.
Syysk. /J.
-14.
Lokak.l.
Marrask: 1.
-21.
Jouluk.6.
-25,26.
Juutalaisten blenteri
Tammik. II
Hclmik.1O
Maalisk. 12
Huhtik.1O
-24toukok. I
-10
Ktsk.8
-13-14
Hdnk.8
Elok.6
-14
I Shvat (5746)
I Adar I
I Adar II
I Nisan
I~. Psiispiv
Iljar
I Sh'an
1-2. Elonkorjuujuhla
I Tammus
I Av
Temppelin hvilys
Syysk. 5
!.okak; 4
- 4-5
-13
-18-19
-25
-26
Marrask. 3
JouJuk. 3
-27
I Eh,l
I Tishri (5747)
1-2. Uudenv.juhlapiv
Sovintojuhla
1-2. Lehtimajajuhlapiv
!.ehtimajajuhlan loppu
Lakijuhla
I f1eshvan
1 Kislev
1. Hanukka, Temppelin
vihkiminen
MuhametcUai.ten blenteri
Tammik.12
Hdmik.11
Maalisk. 12
Huhtik. II
Toukok. 10
Kesk.9
Heink.8
Elok.7
Syysk.6
Lohk.6
Marrask ..
Jouluk ..
I Dhu'l-kada
I Dhu' I-hiddja
I Moharram (1407t
I Safar
I Rabi'u I-auwal
I Rabi'u J-hir
XIII-IO
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
Look up how your own church/denomination/faith is represented in Finland. Compare the sizes between
the established churches and other churches in Finland.
Uskontokuntien jsenyys Suomessa 1. 1. 1980
Suomen Evankelisluterilainen Kirkko
Suomen Ortodoksinen Kirkko
Jehovan todistajat
Suomen Vapaakirkko
Suomen Adventtikirkko
Myhempien Aikojen Pyhien Jeesuksen Kristuksen Kirkko
Katolinen Kirkko
Metodistikirkko
Olaus Petri-kyrka (Ruotsin kirkon seurakunta)
Baptistiyhdyskunta
Juutalaiset Seurakunnat
Yksityiset kreikkalaiskatoliset kirkolliset yhdyskunnat
Viipurissa (Moskovan patriarkaatin alaisia Helsingiss)
Suomen Islam-seurakunta
Suomen vapaa evankelisluterilainen seurakunta
Tunnustuksellinen luterilainen kirkko
Suomen Baha'i Yhdyskunta
Anglican Church in Finland
Suomen Vapaa Katolinen Kirkko
Suomen Kristillinen Yhdyskunta
Suomen uusapostolinen kirkko
4 318 271
59
11
9
4
011
529
915
909
3 795
3 100
2 323
1 972
1 832
1 356
1 131
939
756
394
274
90.30
1. 23
~24
.21
.10
.08
.06
.05
.04
.04
.03
.02
.02
.02
.01
.01
230
124
80
27
Noin 360 000 henke (jotkut muiden kuin yll mainittujen uskontokuntien jseni) kuuluu siviilirekisteriin.
XIII-11
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study the Finnish Christmas greetings on this page and then write your own.
HAUSKAA JOULUA
Jouluiloa
ja
Hyv Uutta Vuotta
~~ 9(Jufua,
14
Onttdti4ta Uttt4l'uo(t4.
~~~
~~'7~
diolil". jdll/ud
1"
dlYV4ti Vlulla Vllolld.
tcirfx} A111- jft tn ltT
USEFUL INFORMATION
On hyv tiet, ett:
Liikkeet ovat suljettuina lauantaina ja
maanantaina juhlapivn takia. Pankit,
posti, toimistot ja kaupat ovat kiinni.
Vain asematunnelin kaupat ovat auki.
Uudenvuoden-, joulu- ja juhannusaattona
kaupat suljetaan kello 3.
XIII-1 4
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
Here is a formal dinner invitation and the requested answer. Study them and then write your own.
Kutsu
Johtaja ja rouva Matti MiettiaellA
on kunnia kutsua
Professori ja Rouva Veikko Virtanen
plivalliaelle kotiinaa
keskivUkkona elokuun 11. plivlnll983 kello 20.00
Tumma puku
5arjenniemi ,
Vastaus
frakki
smokki
shaketti
tumma puku
arkipuku
white tie
black tie
morning coat
business suit
casual dress
juhlapuku
kunniamerkit
ilman kunniamerkkej
P.M. ~ pro memoria
muistutukseksi
V.p. = vastausta
pyydetn
formal dress
decorations
without decorattons
as a reminder
as a reminder
R.S.V.P.
XIII-13
USBPUL EXPRESSIONS
Sydmelliset onnittelumme
Onn.! ttelen
Parhaat onnittelut
Onneksi olkoon
Pidmme
ristiiset.
nimipi vt.
syntympi vt.
ht.
vihktiset.
hautajaiset.
I express my condolences.
I express my condolences.
a christening party.
name day party.
a birthday party.
a wedding.
a wedding.
a funeral.
~
We are
having
Suomalainen sananlasku
Ei niin pieni pitoja, ettei kuokkavieraita.
Kuollaan sit viel meillkin, sanoi mtes,
kun naapurin hautajaisiin ji kutsumatta.
XrII-14
COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
1.
Listen to the news item on the tape and mark the box with true or false, as appropriate.
T
F
1. Finland is adopting daylight-saving time (DST).
2. AlI the Eurppean countries use DST.
3. Finland has used DST since 1942.
4. Finland experimented with DST:in 1942.
5. DST makes it possible for Finnair to continue
the winter timetable globally.
2.
president of Finland.
XIII-15
3.
Listen to the news item on the tape and mark the box with true or false, as appropriate.
T
about Germany.
4.
to
Tomorrow in Utsjoki
1n Helsinki
1n summer in Utsjoki
in Helsinki
weeks
months
XIII-16
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READING.
Suomen valtion ja valtion kirkkojen suhde on mielenkiintoinen ja tarkoin mritelty. Valtiolla on niss kirkoissa mrttyj oikeuksia ja velvollisuuksia.
Niinp tasavallan presidentti nimitt piispat kolmesta papiston valitsemasta
ehdokkaasta. Valtio yllpit teologista tiedekuntaa ja ortodoksista pappisseminaaria. Valtio sallii mys kirkollisveronkannon kunnallisen verotuksen yhteydess: kukin kirkkoon kuuluva maksaa mrprosentin (noin 1.5 %) verotettavasta
tulostaan. Uskonnonopetus on pakollisena aineena kaikissa kouluissa alaluokilta
lukion lpi. Eduskunnan tytyy hyvksy mrtyt kirkkoa koskevat lait; niinp
esim. Raamatun suomennoskomiteassa ja Virsikirjan uudistuskomiteassa istuu eduskunnan mrmi jseni.
Tst hyvst valtio saa mrt vuodessa neljn rukouspivn tekstit, jotka on
luettava kaikista saarnastuoleista. Kirkko puolestaan pit yll ehk maailman
parhainta vestrekisteri. Kaikkien kirkkoon kuuluvien ja siihen kuuluneiden
suomalaisten syntymaika, kaste, konfirmaatio, avioliitto, rikokset ja vielp
isorokkorokotus on tarkoin kirjoitettu ns. kirkonkirjoihin. Niiden, jotka eivt
kuulu kirkkoon, on pakko kuulua siviilirekisteriin. Kirkko pit yll mys hautausmaat sek hautaa jsenens.
KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
lT
lb
2F
2b
2F
3F
4T
5F
3b
4a
5b
lT
3F
4F
5T
6W
check the answers against the text, App. VI
XIII-17
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PUNCTION PRACTICES
1.
Holidays
interview your teacher about Finnish holidays
describe the true American holidays, e.g., Thanksgiving, Halloween, Veterans' Day, etc.
interview a Finn on Finnish Christmas
point out sorne differences between American and Finnish Christmas customs
explain what the Fourth of July is
compare the way the Fourth of July and Finnish Independence Day are celebrated
what does this tell you about Finnish/American character?
2.
3.
4.
XllI-l8
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UNIT XIII
STRUCTURAL NOTES
XIII-A
PIRST INPINITIVB
1.
2.
3.
How to form:
-kse-
(longer form)
-in order to
tehd-kse-ni
ymmrt-kse-mme
when to use
1.
2.
so that sentence (if the subject is the same as in the main elause)
so that 1 do
jotta ymmrrmme
if the main verb expresses motion, use the 111 infinitive illative form,
'viett-mn', instead of 'viett-kse-en'
Menin toimistoon puhumaan hnen kanssaan.
3.
so that we understand
to express
as far as, which is very common in spoken language, use the following:
Ksitt-kse-ni
Tiet-kse-ni
Muistaa-kse-ni
Ymmrt-kse-ni
Luulla-kse-ni
huomenna on
talvisodan muistopiv.
As far as 1
perceive,
know,
remember,
understand,
know,
tomorrow is the
memorial day
for the Winter War.
XIII-19
SECOND INFINITIVE
XIII-B
1.
2.
3.
Dow to form
Active
remove the final -a/- from the 1 infinitive
replace the -a/- with -e (if the stern of the verb ends in -e, change this to -i
add the case ending -ssa/-ss for inessive (see example 1 above)
add the case ending -n for instructive (see XIII-C) (see example 2 above)
Passive
the passive stern
-tta/-tt,
-ta/-t
-e
Active
anta-a
-e-ssa-ni/kun annoin
to give
while/when 1 gave
Passive
anne-ta-an
-tta-e-ssa/kun annetaan
one gives
while one gives
palat-a
-e-ssa-si/kun palasit
to return
when you returned
pala-ta-an
-tta-e-ssa/kun palataan
one returns
when one returns
vied-
-e-ss-mme/kun veimme
to take out
when we were taking out
vie-d-n
-t-e-ss/kun viedn
laske-a
-i-e-ssa-ni/kun laskin
to count
while I counted
laske-ta-an
one counts
-tta-e-ssa/kun lasketaan when one counts
When to use
1.
2.
XIII-C
-e-n
Dow to form
remove the final -a/- from the 1 infinitive
replace the
-a/- with -e- + -n
(if the stern of the verb ends in -e, change this to
laula-a
-e-n
to sing
by singing
juost-a
-e-n
-i)
(see
Xi~I-B)
to run
by running
itke-
-i-e-n
to ery
by crying
When to use
1.
2.
used idiomatically
Mik laulaen "tulee,
se vihelten menee.
XIII-D
1.
EMBEDDED SENTENCE
1'11 go to the store when coming
home from work.
XIII-21
How to forrn
use II infinitive inessive (see XIII-B) (see exarnple 1 on previous page)
asu-a
to live
itke-
to ery
-e-ssa
while living
-i-e-ss
while crying
Active:
Passive
use the passive stern -tta/-tt,
(see exarnple 2 on previous page)
-ta/-t
+ -e-
+ -ssa/-ss
(see X-C)
When to use
1.
replaees a wwhile w elause, in whieh the aetion takes place at the sarne tirne as in the
main elause (eompare with Wafter W elause, in which the action has been eornpleted by the
time of the rnain clause, see XIII-E)
Active
Passive
2.
used rnainly in literary style, but you should learn to identify it in written text while
using complete sentences in spoken language
XIII-22
EMBEDDED SENTENCE
XIII-E
Vuokrattuaan talonsa mies muutti pois. =
Kun mies oli vuokrannut talonsa, hn
Kuultuani siit soitin heti kotiin.
Kun olin kuullut siit,
Dow to form
-ttu-/-tty-, -tu-/-ty- + -a/- + poss. suffix (when applicable)
the past passive participle in partitive (see XI-E)
Pekan lue-ttu-a
tava-ttu-a-mme
pivllist.
we had dinner.
When to use
1.
expresses action that has been finished by the time of the action in the main clause
(compare this to while structure XIII-D)
Note: This is a passive verb form substituting for a purely active sentence.
XIII-23
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XIII-24
FINNISH SOCIETY
SUOMALAINEN YHTEISKUNTA
Nouns
appellate court
Bachelor of Arts
balance
bankruptcy
breathalyzer test
cabinet
center
checks and balances
system (of power)
child subsidy
coat of arms
college
cornrnittee
composition
comprehensive school
court of law
degree, grade
diagram
district/
circuit court
dispute
drunken dri ving
education
elector
emigrant
examination
executive power
faculty
federal government
Substantii veja
hovioikeus (33)
hum.kandi (6) (humanististen tieteiden kandidaatti)
tasapaino (15)
konkurssi (6)
puhalluskoe (5)
hallitus ("32),
valtioneuvosto (16)
keskusta (4)
vallan tasapaino (15)
fine
sakko (15)
franchise (voting right) nioikeus (33)
luontoisetu (15),
fringe benefit
lisetu (15)
hallitus (32)
government
ylioppilas (30)
graduate (high
school)
group, team
ryhm (2)
guardian (legal)
holhooja (3)
guardian (caretaker)
huoltaja (3)
interpellation
vlikysymys (32)
immigrant
siirtolainen (25)
putka (2)
lapsilis '(2)
jail
vaakuna (4)
tysistunto (16)
joint session
opisto (16), yliopisto (16) judictal power
tuomiovalta (1)
valiokunta (2),
junior high school
peruskoulun
komitea (20)
yl-aste (5)
kokoonpano (15)
justice, court, right
oikeus (33)
lastentarha (1)
peruskoulu (15)
kindergarten
tuomioistuin (23)
poli tical Left
vasemmisto (15)
arvosana (1)
legislative power
lainsdntvalta (1)
kaavakuva (2)
lite sentence
(see adjectives)
kihlakunnanoikeus (33),
main subject
paine (5)
krjt (3) plo
Master of Arts
filo kandi (6) (filosokiista (1)
fian kandidaatti),
rattijuoppous (33)
maisteri (7)
maternity leave
itiysloma (2)
koulutus (32)
valitsijamies (35)
member of Parliament
kansanedustaja (3)
ministry
siirtolainen (25)
ministeri (21)
tutkinto (16)
municipal court
raastuvanoikeus (33)
toimeenpanovalta (1)
oath
vala (1)
tiedekunta (2)
parliamentary
eduskuntavaalit (6) pl.,
liittohallitus (32)
elections
valtiolliset vaalit (6) plo
XIV-l
Nouns
party (political)
paternity leave
pension (from work)
(from Social Security)
performance, execution
police raid
preschool
presidential election
press balcony
primary school
prime minister
prison, castle
prison
public health care
poli tical Right
school system
senior high school
puolue (5)
isyysloma (2)
tyelke (5),
kansanelke (5)
toimitus (32)
poliisiratsia (20)
esikoulu (15)
presidentinvaali (6)
lehtimiesparveke (5)
ala-aste (5)
pministeri (7)
linna (1)
vankila (4)
kansanterveyshuolto (15)
oikeisto (15)
koulujrjestelm (3)
lukio (21)
Substantiiveja
sentence, judgment
session
social security
social welfare
society
speaker, spokesperson
state (part of a
federation)
statistics
subject, essay
supreme court
system of government
tax
trade school
trade union
university
vote of confidence
Verbs
appeal a sentence
be found
be caught
lose (for good)
depend on
describe
elect
experience
follow
academic
age
direct
indirect
yliopistollinen (25),
akateeminen (25)
.ikinen (25)
vlitn (24)
vlillinen (25)
tuomio (21)
istunto (16)
sosiaaliturva (2)
sosiaalihuolto (15)
yhteiskunta (2)
puhemies (35)
valtio (21), osavaltio (21)
ti lasto (16)
aine (5)
korkein (26) oikeus (33)
hallitusjrjestelm (3)
vero (15)
ammattikoulu (15)
ammattiyhdistys (32)
korkeakoulu (15),
yliopisto (16)
luottamuslausenestys (32)
Verbej
form
get (into)
mix
nominate
organize
provide work
seek admission
sue a person, summon
tell
Adjektii veja
life sentence
medical
mere
poor
poor (quali ty)
FINNISH SOCIETY
Education
Koulu
1. jakso
A. Mit koulua poikanne ky?
B. Hn ky Vuosaaren peruskoulua.
2. jakso
A. Kuinka vanhana lapset menevt
kouluun Suomessa?
tein poika
Sequence 1
A. what school does your son attend?
ps
. menee
Sequence 2
A. At what agedo children enter
school in Finland?
Se ky
.
Seittemn
..
teidn tytt?
Onks se
Sequence 3
A. And your daughter?
senior high1
B. Ei en.
Ei, se
4. jakso
A. Mit aineita hn opiskelee?
se
Sequence 4
A. What subjects does she study?
3. jakso
A. Ent tyttrenne?
lukiossa?
Onko hn viel
...
Se
Is she still in
XIV-3
Yleinen oppivelvollisuus
Compulsory education
19
Yliopisto ja muut
korkeakoulut
15
12
Lukio
lukio
..
ylaaste
Ammattikoulu
9
Tohtorin
tutkinto
ala-aste
Lisensiaatin
tutkinto
7 ikvuotta
Lastentarha
SUOMEN KOULUJRJESTELM
YLIOPISTOLLINEN ARVOSANA
XIV-4
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FINNISH SOCIETY
Suomen hallitus
5. jakso
A. Minulla oli mielenkiintoinen
kokemus tnn.
B. l
nyt~
Kerro~
Government
Mulloli
.
.
M olin
6. jakso
A. Min sotken aina vlilliset
ja vlittmt vaalit. Minklainen presidentinvaali on?
M
Mimmonen
7. jakso
A. Miten kuvaisit Suomen hallitusjrjestelm?
sa
t ............
..
.
..
.
..
.
sequence 5
A. 1 had an interesting experience
today.
B.
Really~
Tell
me~
Ja mitenk
sequence 8
A. How ia the government formed7
.
.
.
on sopineet
Act out sequence 7 and ask for and provide information, using these variations.
Olin seuraamassa
tysistuntoa.
vlikysymyskeskustelua.
{
luottamuslausenestyst.
edUskuntavaali t
valtiolliset vaalit
Kuinka usein { yleiset vaalit
kunnallisvaali t
toimitetaan?
Eduskuntavaalit} '" .. Ii
l'
Valtiolliset vaalit vahttom t vaa It
1 attended the
jOint session.
interpellation discussion.
{ vote of confidence.
parliame.ntary elections
parliamentary elections
general elections
How often are the
{ municipial elections
held?
Keskusta
Vasemmisto
EDUSKUNTA
200 kansanedustajaa 4 v.
LAINSKDNTVALTA
legislative power
IPresidentti I~ IEduskunta I
ptt antaa
hallituksen esitykset
eduskunnalle; vahvistaa lait (veto-oikeus)
TOIMEENPANOVALTA
executive power
XIV-6
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FINNISH SOCIETY
Laki ja oikeus
9. jakso
B. Kuulitko, ett Pekka joutui
illalla kiinni rattijuoppoudesta'?
..
l, m luulin
ajo. Sehnei
maistanukkaan viinaa.
10. jakso
B. Pekka joutui poliisiratsiaan
ja ottamaan puhalluskokeen.
joutu
Lytyks
Sequence 9
B. Did you hear that Pekka was
caught for drunken driving
last night?
A. Oh no, I thought that Maija
was driving. She didn't even
taste alcohol.
Sequence 10
B. Pekka was caught by the police,
and he had to take the balloon
test.
A. was there too much alcohol'?
(lit., were too many per milles found?)
.
Joo ja nyt se
11. jakso
A. Mit Pekalle voi tapahtua?
sille voi
Sequence 11
A. What can happen to Pekka?
..
Se
lusimaan.
XIV-7
10
Pekka haastettiin
Hn joutui
Hn sai
putkaan.
vankilaan.
linnaan.
istumaan/lusimaan (collog.).
jaU.
He had to go to
Sakkotuomion.
elinkautisen tuomion.
{ vankeustuomion.
He got a
court.
dtstrtct court.
{ dtstrict court.
prison.
prtson.
{
-sit.-
fine.
life sentence.
{ prtson sentence.
R KE 1 N o 1 KE US
Supreme Court
~
Turun hovioikeus
Kuopion hovioikeus
Vasan hovioikeus
Helsingin hovioikeus
Kouvolan hovioikeus
Rovaniemen hovioikeus
YLI 0 1 K E U D E T
higher courts, appellate courts
,~
Raastuvanoikeus
Municipal Court
Kihlakunnanoikeus
District/Circuit Court
A
KE UD E T
lower courts
L 101
TUOMIOVALTA
judtcial power
XIV-8
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FINNISH SOCIETY
Sosiaaliturva
12. jakso
Social Security
13. jakso
8. Millaisia eroja on Suomen ja
Millasia
tetty Amerikassa?
..
..
Sequence 12
8. How is social security organized
in America?
A. It depends on each state. The
federal government is responsible
for the social security pension.
sequence 13
..
Ameriikassa
.Julkinen terveyden-.
.
huolto
H. jakso
A. Verot ovat vastaavasti
pienempi.
on ait
pienemmt
Sequence 14
A. Taxes are correspondingly
lower.
B. Ja tyelkkeist ja liseduista
vastaavat ammattiYhdistykset,
sen min tiedn.
..
semm
XIV-9
Study this chart. Then interview your teacher about the structure of the Finnish social
security system, interpreting your teacher's answers into English. Then explain the social
security system in your own country.
Sosiaali- ja terveysministeri
Sosiaalihallitus
Sosiaalihuolto-osasto
Lkinthallitus
Terveydenhuolto-osasto
t
Elke-, sairaus-, tapaturma-, tyttmyys- ja
muuta sosiaalivakuutusta koskevat asiat*
Sosiaalihuoltoa, huoltolaitoksia,
sosiaaliavustuksia (ja sosiaaliturvan keskusvirastoa) koskevat
asiat
t
Terveydenhuoltoa, terveydenja sairaanhoidon laitoksia,
lkehuoltoa (ja lkinthallitusta) koskevat asiat
'" I
t
Kuntien sosiaali- ja terveyslautakunnat\
* Kullakin sosiaalivakuutusjrjestelmll "on oma lakisteinen keskushallintonsa. Tm johtuu siit, ett kansanelke- ja sairausvakuutusta lukuunottamatta sosiaali vakuutus on
toimeenpantu yksityisen sektorin vakuutuslaitosten, erilaisten stiiden ja avustuskassojen puitteissa.
XIV-10
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Study the names of the Finnish ministries. What are the heads of the ministries called1
Valtioneuvostossa on seuraavat ministerit:
Valtioneuvoston kanslia
UlkoCasiain)ministeri
pministeri
ulkoCasiain)ministeri
Opetusministeri
S05iaali- ja terveysministeri
Liikenneministeri
Maa- ja metstalousministeri
Valtiovarainministeri
Oikeusministeri
Ympristministeri
Sis(asiain)ministert
Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeri
Puolustusministeri
Tyvoimaministeri
Study the names and abbreviations of the political parties. What was the biggest/smallest
party in 19831 Dow are the parties seated in Parliament1 (see next page)
Suomen eduskuntaryhmien voimasuhteet 1983 eduskunnassa
SDP
Kok
Kesk
SKDL
~P
RKP
SKL
Vihr
POP
57
44
38
27
17
11
3
2
1
200
en 1 9 8 3
ty $ ""'Od "//I
s
e
J
l"
j/
l$ tu m a /II., "ltlt/O/14/"
/$
"ltl'$/II"
k .p u
Sdp
lla/Jitu~
~""eh:"
.
koroke
lllPI
. Va""'-h.e.J
sihteeri
~
V
/'l'ulk
ki
ak O it ta ja t
l'ik i<i
e" kOroke
Puhelllieh
! 'u h e l l l '"
V
teeri
YleIs-
sih
Vi<kailliat
XIV-12
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FINNISH SOCIETY
SUOMEN KANSALLISLAULU
1. Maamme
J. L. Runeberg.
Suom.
sa-na kul-Iai-nen!
syn-nyin-maa! 'Soi
kuo-res - laan ker - ran - kin puh-ke - aa;
.J. 1 1
>
>
>
dim.
Suomen vaakuna
Suomen tasavallan presidentit
1982
Mauno Koivisto
1978 - 1982 U.K. Kekkonen
1974 - 1978 U.K. Kekkonen
1968 - 1974 U.K. Kekkonen
1962 - 1968 U.K. Kekkkonen
1956 - 1962 U.K. Kekkonen
1950 - 1956 J.K. Paasikivi
1946
1950 J.K. Paasikivi
1944
1946 C. G. Mannerheim
1943 - 1944 Risto Ryti
1940 - 1943 Risto Ryti
1937 - 1940 Kysti Kallio
1931 - 1937 P.E. Svinhufvud
1925 - 1931 Lauri Kr. Relander
1919 - 1925 K.J. Stahlberg
Ei
vie!'
laak-5o - a,
lem -pem-me
dim.
vei - t'a,
loi-vois,
ei
saa
ran - laa
rie - mus
rakkaampaa
lois-Ios-saan.
11
ff
kuin
Ja
maa
kor-
1
ko - Ii - maa Ui kai - Hs.
ker-ran lau - lus kor-
-en.
saa.
XIV-13
For those of you Iwho need to know legal terma, here are some key words.
'Oikeussanastoa'
ASETUS: asetuksella annetaan mryksi
lakien tytntnpanosta, soveltamisesta
. ja toiminnoista
ASIANAJAJA: ammattimaisesti asianajotoimintaa
harjoittava, asianajajaluetteloon merkitty
tuomari
ASIANOSAINEN: oikeudenkynniss osallisena
oleva
EHDOLLINEN TUOMIO: rangaistus, jonka tytntnpanoa lyktn mrajaksi ja raukeaa,
jos tuomittu koeajan kyttytyy nuhteettomasti
EHDONALAINEN VAPAUS: tuomitun vapauttaminen
rangaistuslaitoksesta ennen rangaistuksen
loppuun krsimist
HAASTE: mrys saapua tuomioistuimeen vastaamaan kanteeseen tai kuultavaksi, (esim.
syytettyn, todistajana, asianomistajana)
JURISTI: lainoppinut, lakimies
JVI: = esteellisyys; esim. seikka, joka
est tuomioistuimen jsenen osallistumisen
asiain ksittelyyn asian koskiessa hnt itsen tai lhisukulaisial mys todistaja voi
olla jvi (ja lisksi moni virkamies)
KANNE: kantajan oikeudenkynniss esittm
vaatimus
KANNEVISKAALI: virallisiin syyttjiin kuuluva virkamies
KANTAJA: vaatimuksen tai syytteen esittj
KAUPUNGINVISKAALI: syyttjviranomainen raastuvanoikeudessa
KIHLAKUNTA: lni pienempi hallintoalue
KORKEIN HALLINTO-OIKEUS (KHO): ylin tuomioistuin hallinto-oikeudellisissa asioissa
KRJT: kihlakunnan oikeuden toimiaika:
lakimrisi ovat syys- ja talvikrjt:
tarvittaessa pidetn vlikrjt '
USEFUL INFORMATION.
Translation
TODISTAJAN VALA
Min Pertti Artturi Virtanen lupaan ja vannon kaikkivaltiaan ja kaikki tietvn Jumalan
kautta, ett min todistan ja kerron kaiken totuuden tss asiassa siit mitn salaamatta
tai siihen mitn lismtt taikka sit muuttamatta.
TODISTAJAN VAKUUTUS
Min Mai ja Meiklinen lupaan ja vakuutan kunnian ja omantuntoni kautta, ett min
todistan ja kerron kaiken totuuden tss asiassa siit mitn salaamatta tai siihen mitn
lismtt taikka sit muuttamatta.
ASIANTUNTIJAN VALA
Min Maija Meiklinen lupaan ja vannon kaikkivaltiaan ja kaikki tietvn Jumalan kautta,
ett olen parhaan ymmrrykseni mukaan tyttv minulle annetun tehtvn.
.-AJ
ASIANAJAJIA
AVIOERO-, KOLARI.,
Asianajajia
Asienejajeleln 1 :n 1 mom.:
..Asienejaje on se. joke on meen
yleisen esienejejeyhdlstyksen jsenen merkitty esienejejeluetteloon."
LAKI"SIAINTOIMISTO
PEKKA REINIKAINEN
Gesterbynpolku 9
02410 Kirkkonummi 2 puh. 2988249
- perhe ja perintoikeudl\lIiset asiat
- velkomisasiat
- kauppakirjBt ja sopimukset
- rikosasiet
- liIkenneasiat
- asunto-, rakennus- ja kiinteistasiat
- yhtioikeudelliset asiat.
XIV-15
On the following three pages, parts of the structure of the social security system in Finland are
shown. Compare these with the system in your home country. Deecribe the American system, ueing
Finnish terms.
Kuka vastaa mistkin?
Yksityiset
Valtio
ELKE
Eduskunta, (valtioneuvosto, presidentti)
nimittvt
Kansanelkelaitos
Elketurvakeskus
Kansanelke
Tyelke (TEL)
TYTTMYYS
Tyvoimaministeri
Valtakunnalliset tyttmyyskassat
Tyttmyyskassojen keskuskassa
Tyttmyyskorvaukset
tyttmyyskassoihin
kuulumattomille
Tyttmyysvakuutukset
----------------------------------------------~----------------------------------------------------
SAIRAUS
Kansanelkelaitos
Tytulovakuutus
sairaanhoitovakuutus
XIV-16
KANSANEL}\KE
TYEL}\KE (TEL)
Lis
osa
Tukilis
Asumistuki
Tykyvyttmyysvakuutus
Tyttmyysvakuutus
Perhe-elke vakuutus
Apuja
hoitolis
Rintamalis
Tykyvyttmyysvakuutus
Tyttmyysvakuutus
Perhe-elkevakuutus
XIV-17
TRANSLATION
PERHEPOLITIIKKA
PERHEPOLIITTISET TULONSIIRROT
PERHEPOLIITTISET PALVELUT
Elatusavun ennakko
Kodinhoitoapu
Elatustuki
Kouluterveydenhoito ja -ateriat
Erityislapsilis
Kodinperustamislainat
Lasten pivhoito
itiys- ja lastenneuvolatoiminta
Lapsiperheiden asumistuki
Lapsivhennykset verotuksessa
Lapsenhoitotuki
Kansanelkkeen lapsikorotus
Perhelis
itiysavustus, isyysavustus
itiysrahat
Perhe-elkkeet
XIV-18
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study this page and find out how the Finnish social security system is financed.
Compare the information with what you know about your own social welfare system.
Sosiaaliturvajrjestelmn rahoitus
Rahoituksen suhteen Suomen sosiaaliturvajrjestelm rakentuu pasiassa siten,
ett sosiaalivakuutuksen rahoituksesta vastaavat lhinn tynantajat ja tyntekijt palkkasummaan tai veroyriin sidottujen sosiaali vakuutusmaksujen muodossa.
Edellmainittujen tahojen lisksi valtio osallistuu tyttmyysvakuutuksen ja
kansanelkevakuutuksen rahoitukseen. Osa kansanelkejrjestelmn rahoituksesta
lankeaa mys kuntien osalle. Sosiaali vakuutusta lukuunottamatta muun sosiaaliturvan niin toimeenpanosta kuin rahoituksestakin vastaa julkinen sektori, valtio
ja kunnat, verovaroiliaan. Osa sosiaalipalvelujen tuottamisesta aiheutuneista
kustannuksista peitetn palvelusten kyttjilt perityill kyttmaksuilla.
Sosiaalipolitiikan osa-alueiden
kustannus jakauma vuonna 1977
I'INJ 15,~
100
Joo
80
80
60
60
'.l... n
~2,9
40
".y...,...,.
JO 2~,
5I
20
20
o
1960
62
64
66
6lI
70
72
7~
1976
XIV-l9
READING.
study the text below, paying special attention ta the way the cabinet is formed.
XIV-20
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COHPREHENSION EXERCISES
1. Listen to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the comment 1s true or false.
T
F
1. Preschool children in Raahe have special day care.
2. The first and second graders have to stay at home alone
children.
2. Listen to the tape and take notes under these headings.
Subject matter
Elicited
information
3. Listen. to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the comment 1s true or false.
Decision of
the comrnittee
Decision of
the cabinet
The committee
voted
for, and
_ _ against
The cabinet
voted
for, and
__ against
5. Listen to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the comrnent is true or false.
T
F
1. Finnairia pilota will be on atrike for 24 houra.
2. A Finnair pilot can retire at the age of 52.
3. He/ahe 1s allowed to continue with Finnair unt11 the age of 60.
4. Finnair trains all the Finnish commercial pilots.
5. The Commercial Pilots' union belongs to the Central League
of Trade Unions.
6. The Commercial Pilota' Union ia willing to raiae the
retirement age for new pilots to 55.
IrI'V-22
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6. Listen to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the comment is true or false.
T
F
1. The paternity-leave period will remain as one month.
2. The labor unions wanted to get two months' leave, but the
cabinet approved only one month.
3. The ordinance was passed on Friday.
4. The period for maternity daily allowances will be extended
by one month to 258 weekdays, not counting sundays.
5. At the time of the child's birth, the father is allowed to
take leave for from six to 18 weekdays, not counting Sundays.
6. During the last six months of the mother's maternity leave, the
father is allowed to stay home to take care of the baby from
one to two months.
7. Listen to the tape and decide how the Appellate Court acted in the
KEY
1.
5.
7.
Confirmed
Appeal rejected
lF
2T
3T
4F
5F
6T
3.
lT
2F
3T
1T
2T
3F
4T
5F
6T
6.
lF
2F
3T
for exercises 2, 4, and 7, check the text in App. VI.
USEFUL INFORMATION
attorney general
secretary of agriculture and forestry
secretary of defense
secretary of education
secretary of foreign trade
secretary of health and welfare
secretary of commerce and industry
secretary of interior
4T
4T
SF
SF
6F
6T
oikeusministeri
maa- ja metstalousministeri
puolustusministeri
opetusministeri
ulkomaankauppaministeri
sosiaali- ja terveysministeri
kauppa- ja teollisuusministeri
sisasiainministeri
XIV-23
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secretary
secretary
secretary
secretary
PUNCTION
1.
of
of
of
of
labor
state
transportation
treasury
tyvoimaministeri
ulkoasiainministeri
liikenneministeri
valtiovarainministeri
PRAC~ICBS
School
- interview your instructor about the school system in Finland. Brief your teacher
about the school system in your home state
- defend the American public education against an attack by a critical Finn. For
comparison, point out the weaknesses of the Finnish system
2.
3.
4.
Judicial system
- interview your teacher about the judicial system in Finland
XIV-24
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UNIT XIV
STRUCTURAL NOTES
XIV-A
PRBSENT ACTIVEPOTBNTIAL
Hn menettnee ajokorttinsa
ja joutunee vankilaan.
Hn ei joutune vankilaan.
How to form
the potential marker is -neI info stern + -ne- + a personaI ending in the affirmative
ei + 1 inf. stem +. -ne in the negati ve
teh-d
-ne-n
the potential
a)
to learn
we may learn
to come
1 may come
pur-ra
-re-e
to return
tava-t-a
1 may return
-n-ne-mme
nous-ta
-se-mme
(-ne-mme)
to get up
pes-t
we may get up
-se-t
(-ne-t)
-rre
pan-na
-ne-mme
to put
we may put
to meet
we may meet
-sse-
to give
you may give
anta-a
-ne-tte
to bite
it may bite
pala-t-a
-n-ne-n
c)
-ne-
oppi-a
-ne-mme
tul-Ia
-le-n
b)
to do
1 may do
halu-t-a
-n-ne-mme
to waah
you may waah
-t-a/-t-
juos-ta
-se-mme
(-ne-t)
to want
we may want
-sta/-st
to run
we may run
XIV-25
'olla' -to be- has a special form of the present active potential
(min) lie-ne-n
(sin) lie-ne-t
hn, se lie-ne-e
Note:
1 may be
you may be
etc.
en liene
et liene
ei liene
1 may not be
you may not be
etc.
(me) lie-ne-mme
(te) lie-ne-tte
he lie-ne-vt
emme liene
ette liene
eivt liene
When to use
1. impIies that something is possible, probable, or likely
2. potential is a very literary expression that is not used in spoken language
3. in spoken language, the potential mood is replaced
by the verbs "may/might"
by the adverbs
by the endings
"1 wonder i f
4.
literary:
colloquial:
... "
saattaa
ehk
-han/-hn
taitaa
kai
-pa/-p
mahtaa
Tietnevtk he
Tietvtkhn/tietkhn ne
Mahtaakohan ne tiet
XIV-B
Ajokortti menetettneen.
Ajokorttia ei menetettne.
How to form
the passive stern + -ne- + -en (see X-C for the passive stern) in the affirmative
'ei' + the passive stern + -ne in the negative
'olla' "to be" has a regular present passive potential: 'ol-ta-ne-en, ei ol-ta-ne'
when to use:
XIV-26
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XIV-C
How to form
lienee + -nut/-nyt, -neet in the affirmative (for the assimilated consonants in
the past active participle endings, see IV-E)
ei
+ liene
When to use:
XIV-D
Dow to form
lienee + -ttu/-tty,
main verb, see VII-H)
ei liene + -ttu/-tty,
main verb, see VII-H)
-tu/-ty
-tu/-ty
in the affirmative
in the negative
(=
(=
When to use
see present potential (XIV-B)
XIV-27
XIV-E
Type
inf ini t i ve
present
past
present cond.
present potential
present perfect
past perfect
past cond.
past potential
-da/-d,
on
oli
olisi
lienee
!lee
infinitive
present
past
present cond.
presentpotential
present perfect
past perfect
past cond.
past potential
I
REVIEW OF
-la/-I,
teh-d
teh-dn
-tiin
-t-isi-in
-t-ne-en
teh-ty
-ty
-ty
-ty
-ea/-e,
luke-a
lue-taan**
-ttiin
-tta-isi-in
-tta-ne-en
on lue-ttu
oli
-ttu
olisi
-ttu
lienee
-ttu
-ia/i
on
oli
olisi
lienee
PASSIVE TENSES
-ra/-r,
-na/-n,
-s-ta/-s-t
to do
is done/one does*
was done/one did
would be done/one would do
may be done/one may do
has been done/one has done
had been done/one had done
would have been done/one would have done
may have been done/one may have done
Type -aa/-
Type -t-a/-t-
anta-a
"to give"
anne-taan**
-ttiin
-tta-isi-in
-tta-ne-en
anne-ttu
-ttu
-ttu
-ttu
pela-t-a
"to
-taan
-ttiin
-tta-isi-in
-tta-ne-en
pela-ttu
-ttu
-ttu
-ttu
on
oli
olisi
lienee
play~
* in English the indefinite subject one may also be expressed by we, you, they
** for translation, see 'tehd' above
XIV-2a
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XIV-F
COHITATIVE
-ne-
Dow to form
the plural partitive stern + -ne + poss.suffix (see part. plo in eND)
change the plural marker -j- (if there is any) to -ivaimo-j-a
wifes
with my wife(s)
vaimo-i-ne-ni
in case there are two different stems for the part. pl., use the one with the strong
grade of consonant gradation
When to use
think in terms of -A and his/her/its 8 or 8's- to translate the comitative
conveys the meaning that somethingtakes place in the presence of two or more things
or people which are closely associated
always used in the plural form, even when the meaning is singular
Maisteri Aro vaimoineen on matkoilla.
XIV-29
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XIV-G
IHPBRATIVB
hyvksi~
How to form
1 infinitive stem + -kaamme/-kmme in the affirmative
teh-d
to do
let's do
-k-mme
lkmme
lkmme teh-k
When to use:
in the negative
let's not do
(see IV-I)
only in high literary stylel in spoken language use the present passive 'tehdn'
(see VI-A)
XIV-H
IMPERATIVB
x-
How to form
the 1 info stem + -koon/-kn in the affirmative
let him do
teh-kn
lkn
in the negative
let hirn not do it
lkn teh-k
Note:
In the affirmative, the 3rd person imperative ealls for the total objeet in gen./aee. ease,
and not in the nom./aee. like alI other imperative fOlms.
Ostakoon itse
Ostakaa auto~
auto~~
BUy
himself~
When to use: very eommon in spoken language with a eonnotation of irritation, eonsternation, ete.
XIV-JO
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XIV-I
1MPERATIVE
muilta~
DoW to form
the 1 info stern + -koot/-kt in the affirmative
teh-kt
let them do
lkt + 1 info stern + -ko/-k in the negative
lkt teh-k
let them not do
When to use: very common in spoken language with a connotation of irritation, consternation, etc.
XIV-J
Annettakoon asian
IMPERATIVE
jd~
PASSIVE
Auto ostettakoon:
DOW to form
the passive stern + -koon/-kn in the affirmative (see X-C)
ty teh-t-kn
letthe work be done
ei + pass. stern + -ko/-k in the negative
tyt ei teh-t-k
let the work not be done
When to use:
At this stage you don't need to use these structures actively, but you should learn to
recognize them~
XIV-3l
APPENDIX 1
DOW FINNISH FORMS WORDS
Finnish forms new words by either combining two or more words into one compound word or through
derivation.
Compound words
the first word in a compound word is most often in the nominative
rivitalo
row house
vanhapoika
bachelor
kirjahylly
bookshelf
sadetakki
raincoat
the first word can also be in the genitive
sateenvarjo
umbrella
isnmaanrakkaus
idinkieli
native language
kaupungintalo
patriotism
city hall
most often, only the latter word of a compound word is inflected in case and number
Katselimme rivitaloja.
We were looking at row houses.
Puhelinluettelo on kirjahyllyll.
The phone book is on the bookshelf.
in the first word of a compound word, the ending -nen changes to -s
nainen
woman
kansallinen
national
naisasia
women's rights
kansallislaulu
national anthem
suomalainen
suomalais-englantilainen
Finnish
Finnish-English
four
a four-year-old
vacation time
morning news
App.
1-1
Uncle Aarne
Haginot line
Finnish-Swedish dictionary
Derivation
A word is formed by derivation when a derivational ending or marker ia attached to a base
word (which can be a root word or another derived form of the root word). 'Nykysuomen sanakirja' -The Dictionary of Current Finnish- lists 80 different words derived from the word
'kirja' -book.- For example:
kirjasto
library
kirje
letter
kirjain
letter of the alphabet
kirjoittaa
to write
kirjoittautua
to enroll
kirjailla
to embroider, etc.
to learn
pupU
las
opettaa
opeha +
hyv
hyv
book
to write
to teach
teacher
ja
good
to accept, to approve
ksy-
u-a
wound
to wound
to get wounded
1-2
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ystv
ystv
ystv
friend
friendly, kind
kindness
+ llinen
+ lUs + yys
uskoa
usko + nto
usko + nno
usko + nno
+ llinen
+ llis + uus
to believe
religion
religious
religiousness
This book will give you only the most common derivational forms. Remember, though, that you
cannot apply these markers and endings automatically to every word and expect to come up with a new word
which really means something.
Train yourself to be able to spot the base word and separate some of the derivational markers.
Decode the meaning by deduction, even when you know only the meaning of the first one or two syllables
of any long word.
NOUNS FORMED THROUGH DERIVATION
MARKER
BASE WORD
-ri
(-uri/-yri)
-Kko/-kk
-ikko/-ikk
verb
verb
noun
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
opettaa
opettaja
to teach
teacher
johtaa
johtaja
to direct
director
leipoa
leipuri
to bake
baker
ajaa
ajuri
to drive
driver
hirit
hirikk
poliitikko
to disturb
a rowdy person
politician
agents can be
formed from
every verb
mostly old
names for
a trade
App.
1-3
MARKER
BASE WORD
-las/-ls
verb
-ilas/-ils
-lainen/
-linen
noun
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
oppia
oppilas
to learn
pupil
not very
productive
lhett
lhettils
to send
envoy
suku
sukulainen
extended family
relative
indicates
position or work
kansa
kansalainen
nation
citizen
indicates belonging
to something
Amerikka
amerikkalainen
America
American
Derivatives indicating the instrument with which the verbal action might be done
verb
-in
verb
-e
avata
avain
to open
key
polkea
poljin
to pedal
pedal
koristaa
koriste
to decorate
decoration
huumata
huume
to drug
drug
very productive,
mainly technical words
very productive,
indicates a substance,
medium, or purpose
App.
verb
el
elm
to live
life
tapahtua
tapahtuma
to happen
event
1-4
MARKER
BAsE
WORD
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nta/-nt
verb
-nto/-nt
-nti
-e
verb
verb
istua
istunto
to sit
session
lukea
luento
luenta
to read
lecture
reading
hallita
hallinto
to govern
government
tuoda
tuonti
to bring, to import
import
vied
vienti
monistaa
moniste
to duplicate
copy
palauttaa
palaute
to return
feedback
-nto is more
concrete than
-nta/-nt
very producti ve
Names for places where verb'a action ia done, or where noun ia to be found
-la/-I
noun
mummo
mummola
grandmother
grandmother's place
kahvi
kahvila
coffee
cafe
indicates a place,
used in last names Ikola
place where "noun" is
to be found"
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mo/-m
verb
huoltaa
huoltamo
to service
gas station
korjata
korjaamo
to repair
garage
App.
1-5
MARKER
BASE WORD
Collective words
-kko/-kk
noun
-ikko/-ikk
-sto/-st
-isto/-ist
Diminuti ves
-(Unen
noun
-os/-s
-us/-ys
App.
verb
verb
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
ranta
rannikko
shore
coast
aste
asteikko
degree
scale
saari
saaristo
island
archipelago
kirja
kirjasto
book
library
kirja
kirjanen
book
little book
lehti
lehtinen
newspaper
leaflet
elehty
erehdys
to make an error
error
leipoa
leivos
to bake
pastry
kiitt
kiitos
to thank
thanks
ostaa
ostos
to buy
purchase
leikata
leikkaus
to cut
operation
poiketa
poikkeus
to deviate
exception
abstract results
I-6
MARKER
BASE WORD
-mus/-mys
-o/-
-u/-y
-uu/-yy
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
kysy
kysymys
to ask
question
aikoa
aikomus
to intend
intention
tehd
teko
to do
act, deed
ajaa
ajo
to drive
drive
laulaa
laulu
to sing
song
puhella
puhelu
to chat
telephone call
vastata
vastuu
to answer
responsibility
palata
paluu
to return
return
-us/-ys
adjective
kaunis
kauneus
beautiful
beauty
-uus/-yys
noun
adjective
ystv
ystvyys
friend
friendship
is
isyys
father
fatherhood, paternity
itseks
itsekkyys
selfish
selfishness
App.
1-7
BASE WORD
-inen
noun
-llinen
REMARKS
EXAMPLES
talvi
talvinen
winter
wintry
kiire
kiireinen
rush
busy
adverb
sken
skeinen
recently
recent
noun
paikka
paikallinen
place
local
hyty
hydyllinen
use
useful
very productive
very productive
------------------------------------------------------~--------------------------------------------
-lainen
-mainen
-nainen
App.
adjective
participle
noun
pronoun
noun
adjective
pronoun
adverb
mik
minklainen
what
what kind
vastaava
vastaavanlainen
corresponding
equivalent
ers
ernlainen
a, a certain
a kind of
kaikki
kaikenlainen
all
every kind
kissa
kissamainen
cat
feline
halpa
halpamainen
cheap
mean
ulko
ulkonainen
exterior
external
koko
kokonainen
size
whole
expresses likeness
expresses likeness
1-8
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MARKER
-uinen/
-yinen
-isa/-is
BASE WORD
adjective
(with genit i ve)
noun
EXAMPLES
pitk
minun pituiseni
long
as tall as 1
suuri
suuruinen
big
of the size
kala
kalaisa
fish
rich in fish
leikki
leikkis
play
playful
REMARKS
indicates similarity
indicates abundance
-ias/-is
verb (frequentative)
antaa
annella
antelias
to give
to give frequently
generous
indicates a perrnanent
characteristic
-kas/-ks
noun
vara(t)
varakas
means
rich
indicates
possessiveness
ik
iks
age
old
suuri
suurehko
big
quite big
vanha
vanhahko
old
oldish
-hko/-hk
adjective
-ton/-tn
noun
jrki
jrjetn
reason
senseless
-maton/-mtn
verb
uskoa
uskomaton
to believe
unbelievable
moderating
very productive,
indicates
lack of sornething
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------va/-v
verb
noun
tulee
tuleva
to corne
future, next
present participle,
mainly possessive
tila
tilava
space
spacious
indicates abundance
App.
1-9
BASE WORD
-tta-/-tt-
-oitta-,-otta-
verb
verb
noun
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
j
jt
iee
to freeze
lmmit
lmmitt
to get warm
to warm up
hvit
hvitt
to disappear
to destroy
toivoa
toivottaa
to hope
to wish
jty
jdytt
to freeze (intransitive
to freeze (transitive)
alkaa
aloittaa
to begin (intransitive)
to begin ( tr. )
haava
haavoittaa
wound
to wound
-uutta-/-yytt-
noun
valta
valtuus
valtuuttaa
power
authority
to authorize
-utta-/-ytt-
verb
leikata
leikkauttaa
to eut, to operate
to have eut
pyshty
pyshdytt
to stop (intransitive)
to stop (transitive)
-hdutta-/-hdytt-
App.
mainly transitive
mainly eausative
1-10
MARKER
-nta-I-nt-
-sta-I-st-ista-I-ist-
BASE WORD
EXAMPLES
noun
adjective
suomi
suomentaa
Finnish
to translate into Finnish
noun
adjeetive
pitk
pident
arvo
arvostaa
long
to lenghten
value
to appreciate
apu
avustaa
help
to assist
kaunis
kaunistaa
Verbs expressing one-time aetion
-aise-I-iseverb
-oise/-isenoun
adjeetive
-ahta-I-ht-
REMARKS
verb
often
unelear
beautiful
to beautify
aueta
aukaista
to open (intransitive)
to open (transitive)
kyd
kvist
to visit
to visit quickly
sokea
sokaista
blind
to blind
rohkea
rohkaista
brave
to encourage
liikkua
liikahtaa
to move
to make a move
lent
lennht
to fly
to fly up
matkustaa
matkustella
to travel
to travel frequently
transitive,
nonmomentary
eausative
mainly intransitive,
some indicate
momentary motion or
sound
reflexively
frequentative,
reeiprocal
App.
1-11
MARKER
BASE WORD
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
opettaa
opetella
to teaeh
to learn
taistella
to fight
kiist
kiistell
to deny
to argue
-ntele-,
-skele-,
juosta
juoksennella
to run
to run about
-skentele-
mietti
mietiskell
to think about
to muse
tyskennell
to work
-utta-/-ytt-
App.
-tta-/-tt-,
ajaa
ajattaa
-utta-/-yttto drive
to have something driven
tehd
teett
to rnake
to have sornething made
odottaa
odotuttaa
to wait
to keep somebody waiting
rakentaa
rakennuttaa
to build
to have something built
pitk
pidet
pitenee
long
to get longer
it gets longer
auki
aueta
aukenee
open
to open
it opens
1-12
MARKER
BASE WORD
kaataa
kaatua
to fel!
to fal!
jatkaa
jatkua
to continue ( transitive)
to continue (intransitive)
syd
sypy
to eat
to become corroded
-tu-/-ty-
turmel!a
turmeltua
to spoil
to get spoiled
-htu-/--hty-
iloita
ilahtua
to be glad
to become delighted
avata
avautua
to open ( transitive)
to open (intransitive)
kielt
kieltyty
to forbid
to refuse
-u-/-y-
-pu-/-py-
-utu-/-yty-
verb
REMARKS
EXAMPLES
verb
verb
noun
intransiti ve
intransitive
reflexive
ADVERBIAL DERIVATIVES
Indicating place
-s
-( i)
tse
-kkain/-kkin
-ttain/-ttin
-tusten/-tysten
-tuksin/-tyksin
alas
ulos
down
out
movement to
meritse
puhelimi tse
by sea
by telephone
alakkain
pareittain
pertysten
pertyksin
App.
1-13
MARKER
BASE WORD
Indicating time
-in
-(i)sin
adjective
numeral
-lti
-ttain/-ttin
App.
noun in plo
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
ilta
illoin
evening
in the evenings
instructive plo
derivative
aamuinen
aamuisin
mornings
in the mornings
habitually
at the indicated time
kesinen
kesisin
summerlike
in the summer
nopea
nopeasti
fast
fast, quickly
ansaittu
ansaitusti
deserved
deservedly
kaksi
kahdesti
two
twice
laaja
laajalti
wide
widely
paljon
paljolti
much
to a large degree
paikka
paikoittain
place
at places
puolue
puolueittain
party
party by party
kilo
kiloittain
kilogram
by kilogram
very productive
indicates location,
position, manner,
quantity
1-14
MARKER
BASE WORD
EXAMPLES
REMARKS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------tellen
little by little
gradually
in turn
vhitellen
vuorotellen
indicates quantity
PARTICLES
PARTICLE
BASIC MEANING
EXAMPLES
Tuletko?
You come.
Do you come?
-ko/-k
interrogative
Tulet.
-kin
Minkin tulen.
Min tulenkin.
-kaan/-kn
negative either,
negative after alI
Minkn en tule.
Min en tulekaan.
-han/-hn
emphatic, unconcern
Astuhan syrjn.
-pa/-p
emphatic
viel
still
-s
casual
Tule tnne:
Tulepas tnne:
Mennnk()s oluelle?
vielp
and even/moreover
Come here:
Shall we go for a beer?
App.
1-15
App.
1-16
APPENOIX II
SOORT REVIEW OF INFINITIVES ANO PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVES
Active
II
II!
IV
tehd
tehd-e-ss
tehd-kse-ni
tehd-e-n
teke-m-ss
-st
-n
-ll
-tt
teke-minen
-mise-n
-mis-t
-mise-ss
-mise-st
-mise-en
-mise-ll
-mise-lt
-mise-lle
-mise-ksi
-mise-n
teke-m*
-idin tekemPa8sive
teht-e-ss
PARTICIPLBS
Note:
Present
1 partisiippi
Paet
II partisiippi
Active
teke-v
teh-nyt
Passive
teht-v
teh-ty
* Gen.
111 info er
111 info
pess.suff. is
App.
lI-l
+ I info
to do
I must do it.
It's hard for me to do it.
2. I info + -ksetehdi-kse-ni
+ poss. suff.
in order to do
II INFINITIVE
1. a) II info + -ss.t-ss
tehd-e-ssi-ni
+ poss.suff.
II-2
b) passive stern
tehtteht-e-ss
+ -e-
-ssa/-ss
while one is doing
Asiasta keskusteltaessa
2.
II info + -n
tehd-e-n
III INFINITIVE
3rd person sg. stern
+ -ma-/-m-
case ending:
teke-m + -ss
1.
2.
III info (-ma-/-m) + -ssa/-ss to emphasize the ongoing nature of the action, which in
English is usually expressed by "to be ~ing"
olin symss, kun hn soitti.
olitko jo nukkumassa?
3.
or
-tta/-tt
By reading aIot
without eating one doesn't live.
Don't say it (lit., leave it without saying).
App.
1I-3
4.
+ -an/-n
inf.- in Engli5h
a verbal noun
eaSe ending
doing
+ -vi
+ case ending
doing
+ case ending
doing
+ -va/-v
II-4
-nut/-nyt/-nee-
case ending
+ case ending
3.
+
+
en/et/ei teh-nyt
emme/ette/eivt teh-neet
+ -nut/-nyt
+ -neet
(in sg.)
(in plo)
olen/olet/on teh-nyt
olemme/olette/ovat teh-neet
App.
II-5
passive stem
teht-v
passive stem
teht-vi-
+ -vi
+ ease ending
to be done
2.
App.
He is a well-known person.
lIike a well-written letter.
That was bread whieh was baked
yesterday.
11-6
3.
'AGBNTTIPARTISIIPPI'
'AGENTTIPARTISIIPPI' - as an adjective to deseribe completed action by somebody when
the agent is expressed
for the sg. and nom. pl.: gen.
+
or
jonkun tekemteke-m-si
for the pl.: gen. + -mi- +
jonkun tekemi-
111
111
ease ending, or
-mi-
ease ending
poss. suff.
1
1
11-7
BHBBDDBD SBNTBNCBS
EMBEDDED SENTENCES
substitute
'kun' - sentence
2. action has already been completed before action in the main sentence takes place
a) past pass participle + -a/- + poss. suff.
tehty--ni
after 1 have/had done
App.
lI-8
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
substitute
+ poss.suff.
that 1 do
1 believe (that) 1 will learn Finnish.
DO you think (that) you will meet hirn tomorrow]
1 know he is at home.
We saw the boys running.
1 said they were eoming.
2. action is already completed before action in the main sentence takes place
a) past act. participle (-nee~) + poss. Guff.
tehnee-ns
having done
Muistan lukeneeni sen.
Muistan, ett olen lukenut sen.
Hn uskoi olleensa oikeassa.
App.
11-9
b)
gen.
-n
them having done
EMBEDDED SENTENCES
to indicate
nom.
-n
It
It
2. action is already completed before action in the main sentence takes place
nom.
App.
-n
11-10
APPENDIX III
CBART 0' NOftINAL DECLBNSIONS
SINGULAR
NOIll.
59
Dictionary
PLURALl
ends in:
!2!!!!.
Genitive
Partitive
Illative 2
Partitive
4.
_a 3
-a/- 4
-a/- 5
-af-ii
ilta
poika
asema
Amerikka
111a-n
poja-n
asema-n
Amerika-n
ilta-a
poika-a
asema-a
Amerikka-a
ilta-an
poika-an
asema-an
Amerikka-an
iltoj-a
illoi-ssa
poiki-a
poji-ssa
asemi-a
asemi-ssa
Amerik/oita, -koja 'Amerikoi-ssa
5.
-e
taide
taitee-n
taidet-ta
taHee-seen
taitei-ta
taitei-s88
ilt/ojen, -ain
poik/ien, -ain
asem/ien, -ain
Amerik/oiden, -oitten, -kojen,
-kain
taitei/den, -tten
6.
7.
B.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
-i
-i
-i
-i
-si
-si
-si
-si
pankki
ammatti
joki
pieni
vesi
lnsi
lapsi
kaksi
panki-n
ammati-n
joe-n
piene-n
vede-n
lnne-n
lapse-n
kahde-n
pankki-a
ammatti-a
joke-a
pien-tli
vet-t
lnt-tii
las-ta
kah-ta
pankki-in
ammatti-in
joke-en
piene-en
vete-en
lnte-en
lapse-en
kahte-en
pankkej-a
ammat/teja, -eita
joki-a
pieni-
vesi-
lnsi-
lapsi-a
kaksi-a
pankei-ssa
ammatei-ssa
joi-ssa
pieni-ssli
vesi-ssli
lnsi-ss
lapsi-ssa
kaksi-ssa
pankk/ien, -ein
ammat/tien, -eiden, -eitten
jokien
pien/ien, -ten
vesien, vetten
ln/sien, -tten
lapsien, lasten
kaksien
14.
15.
suurempi
sakko
suuremma-n
sako-n
suurempa-a
sakko-a
suurempa-an
sakko-on
suurempi-a
sakkoj-a
suuremmi-ssa
sakoi-ssa
suuremp/ien, -ain
sakkojen
laatikko
annettu
ty
laatiko-n
annetu-n
ty-n
laatikko-a
annettu-a
ty-t
laatikko-on
annettu-un
ty-hn
laatik/koja, -oita
annet/tuja, -utta
ti-t 7
laatikoi-ssa
annetui-ssa
ti-ss 7
maa
maa-n
maa-ta
maa-han
mai-ta
mai-ssa
mailden, -tten
19.
20.
-empi, comparati ve
two-syllable,-o/-,
-u/-y,-tu/-ty 6
-o/-, -u/-y,
-ttu/-tty,6
monosyUable,
diphthong
monosyllable, -11,
-aa/-, -uu/-yy
-aa/-, -uu/-yy
-ea/-e, -ta, -ua
vapaa
korkea
vapaa-n
korkea-n
vapaa-ta
korkea/ta,-a
vapaa-seen
korkea-an
vapai-ta
korke/ita, -oita
vapai-ssa
korkei-ssa
21.
-io/-i
radio
radio-n
radio-ta
radio-on
radioi-ta
radioi-ssa
vapai/den, -tten
korke/iden, -i tten, -ain,
-oiden, -oi tten
radioi/den, -tten
manner-ta
puhelin-ta
onneton-ta
nais-ta
pahin-ta
lmmin-t
seitsem-
tytr-t
rikas-ta
ruis-ta
vastaus-ta
ka11eut-ta
vlldet-t
mies-t
kevt-t
olut-ta
sanonut-ta
manteree-seen O
puhelime-en
onnettoma-an
nai se-en
pahimpa-an
lmpim-n
seitsem-n
tyttre-en
rikkaa-seen
rukll-seen
vastaukse-en
ka11eute-en
vlldente-en
miehe-en
kev-seen
olue-en
sanonee-seen
manteri-a
puhellmi-a
onnettomi-a
naisi-a
pahimpi-a
lmpimi-
seitsemi-
tyttr i-
rikkai-ta
rukii-ta
vastauksi-a
ka11euksi-a
vlldensi-
miehi-
kevi-t
olui-ta
sanonei-ta
manteri-ssa
puhelimi-ssa
onnettomi-ssa
naisi-ssa
pahimmi-ssa
lmpimi-ss
seitsemi-ss
tyttri-ss
rikkai-ssa
rukll-ssa
vastauksi-ssa
kal1euks i-ssa
vlldensi-ss
miehi-ss
kevi-ss
olui-ssa
sanonei-ssa
1.
2.
3.
16.
17.
18.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
-n
-r
-s, -as/-lis
-s
-09, -us/-ys, -es 11
-uus/-yys, -us/_ ys 12
-s13
35.
36.
-t
37.
30.
-nut/-nyt 14
manner
puhelin
onneton
nainen
pahin
liimmin
seitsemn
tytr
rikas
ruis
vastaus
kalleus
vlldes
mies
kevt
olut
sanonut
mantere-n
puhelime-n
onnettoma-n
naise-n
pahimma-n
lmpim-n
seitsem-n
tyttre-n
rikkaa-n
rukll-n
vastaukse-n
kalleude-n
viidenne-n
miehe-n
kev-n
olue-n
sanonee-n
Inoaaive
Genitive
man/terien, -nerten
puheli/mien, -nten
onnettom/ien, -ain, onnetonten
nais/ien, -ten
pahimp/ien, -ain, pahinten
lmpim/ien, -in, lmminten
seitsem/ien,-in
tyttrien, tytrten
rikkai/den, -tten, rikasten
rukii/den, -tten, ruisten
vastau/ksien, -sten
kalleuksien
vlldens ien
mie/hien, -sten
kev/iden, -itten, -tten
olui/den, -tten
sanonellden, ~tten
App. 1II-l
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
ACTIVB
Verba ending in
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
-aa 15
-aa/-Iili
-aa/-li
-ea/-e
infinitive
1st Pers.
DietionarJ'
5g. Present
'or/ll
1
anta-a
otta-a
pyytli-Ii
luke-a
tunte-a
lhte-
oppi-a
-ia/-ii
kaatu-a
-oa, -ua/-yli
myy-d
-da/-dli
juo-da
kliy-d
teh-d
-Ha/-lli, -nna/-nnli, tul-la
-rra/-ui
-e11a/-ellli 16
eaitel-lli
-ata/-at
noua-ta
juoa-ta
-ta/-ti
halut-a
pelit-i
valit-a
vaiet-a
3rd Pers.
5g. Past
Past
Partic1ple
Present
!.lli.
Past
PUtic1ple
Present
Partic1ple
anna-n
ota-n
pyydli-n
lue-n
tunne-n
lhde-n
opi-n
kaadu-n
myy-n
juo-n
kliy-n
tee-n
tule-n
.anta-nut
antoi
otti
ot.ta-nut
pyysi
pyytli-nyt
luki
luke-nut
tunsi
tlJnte-nut
lii/hti, -ksi llihle-nyt
oppi
oppi-nut
kaatui
kaatu-nut
myy-nyt
myi
juo-nut
joi 7
ky-nyt
kiivi
teki
teh-nyt
tul-lut
tuli
anne-taan
ote-taan
pyyde-tliin
lue-taan
tunne-taan
lhde-tliin
opi-taan
kaadu-taan
myy-dlin
juo-daan
kiiy-dliiin
teh-dlin
tul-llian
anne-ttUn
ote-ttUn
pyyde-ttUn
lue-ttUn
tunne-ttUn
lhde-ttiin
opi-ttUn
kaadu-ttUn
myy-tUn
juo-tUn
kliy-tUn
teh-tUn
tul-tl1n
anne-ttu
ote-ttu
pyyde-tty
lue-ttu
tunne-ttu
llihde-tty
opi-ttu
kaadu-ttu
myy-ty
juo-tu
kiiy-ty
teh-ty
tul-tu
anne-ttava
ote-ttava
pyyde-ttliv
lue-ttava
tunne-ttava
llihde-ttlivii
opi-ttava
kaadu-ttava
myy-tivli
juo-tava
kiiy-tv&
teh-tlivii
tul-tava
esittele-n
nouae-n
juokae-n
halua-n
pelki-n
valitae-n
vaikene-n
esitteli
nouai
juoksi
haluai
pelkisi
valitsi
valkeni
eaitel-llilin
noua-taan
juoa-taan
halu-taan
pelli-tlilin
vali-taan
vaie-taan
eaitel-tUn
noua-tl1n
juoa-tUn
halu-ttUn
pel-ttUn
vali-ttUn
va1e-ttUn
eaitel-ty
noua-tu
juoa-tu
hdu-ttu
pelll-tty
vali-ttu
va1e-ttu
ea1tel-tlivi
noua-tava
juoa-tava
halu-ttava
pel&-ttvll
vali-ttava
vale-ttava
eaitel-lyt
noua-aut
juoa-aut
halun-nut
peliin-nyt
valin-nut
vaien-nut
1) When there are alternative plural forma, the eaae endinga are not indieated by 2) Thla ia the aame atem aa the eaaive and poaaeaaive auffix with theae aia eaaea: Nom, Nom/Aee, Gen, Gen/Aee in the 8g., NOIII, and NoD/Aee
ln the Plo
3) Two-ayllable worda like kala, herra and ilta. The -a ehanges to -0 before the plural marker -i4) Two-ayllable worda: if th; final vowel i8 -i, it drops before the plural marker -i, if the vowel in the first syllable i8 -u- or -0-,
the -a- dropa in the plural
5) Alao lneludea preaent partieiple, whieh ends ln -vAI-vii
6) Alao paat paaa. partieiplea
7) One-ayllable words with a diphthong: the "three-vowel-rule"--three vowels eannot eooeeur beeause of a grammatieal operation (like plural
or paat tenae), ao the firat of the three vowels ia dropped in one-ayllable worda.
8) Inatead of the illative form mantereen of ~ , the illative form mantereeaeen from the alternative nominative mantere (type '5)
la uaed
9) Includea teehnieal worda ending in -ln
10) Includea verb derivativea which end in -maton/-mitn
11) Theae are mainly abatract nouna derived from verba
12) Theae are mainly abatract nouna derlved from adjectivea or nouna
13) Theae are ordinal numbera atarting from 3, i.e., kolmaa, neljlia, viidea,etc.
14) These are paat aetive partieiplea
15) Two-ayllable verbs with -a- - - a- in both ayllables in whieh the seeond -a ehanges to -0 before plo -i16) lncludes -ella/-ellli frequentative verbs
HOW TO U5B TB15 CHART
App.
Look for the ending of a word in the dictionary form. Try to match that with a word on the chart.
Often the only difference between eategoriea ia in the plural.
111-2
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Kuppi on pydll.
Se on~.
possession
as a tota1 sg. object
Rakastan sinua.
Kuuntelen radiota.
as a partial object
as a ne9ative object
as an object af
- emotional verbs
- frequentative vexbs
1 love you.
1 listen to the radio.
Olen koulu~.
Tulen koulusta.
Menen koulu.!:!.!!.
Olen asemalla.
Minulla on auto.
Tulen autolla.
Tulen asemalta.
Saan sen hnelt.
Menen asemalle.
Soitan hnelle.
Tm on teille.
no motion - inside, in
motion - from inside
motion into
no motion - on, at
- ta express "ta have R
- by, with
motion - from on
- from a person
motion onto
- ta a person
- for a person
1 am in school. .
1 am coming from school.
1 am going to school.
1 am at the station.
1 have a car.
1 come by car.
1 am coming from the station.
1'11 get it from him/her.
1 am 90in9 to the station.
1'11 call hirn/her.
This is for you.
ota kuppi!
Genitive
Gen./ACc.
Partitive
Inessive
Elative
Illative
Adessive
Ablative
Allative
Nom./Acc.
Accusative
as a subject
as a predicate noun or adj.
Kuppi otetaan.
Minun tytyy ottaa kuppi.
Nen hnet.
Kenet tapaat huomenna?
KUpi~
hinta on halpa.
Ostan
kupi~.
Haluan kahvia.
En halua kuppi~.
Take a/the
cup~
Essive
Translative
Lapse~
olin suomessa.
Hn tulee vanhaksi.
as something
ta become something
Instructive
Abessive
Comitative
Hn soittaa hyvin.
En voi el rahatta.
Tulen lapsineni.
He plays well.
1 can't live without money.
1'11 come with my child/children.
App. 1II-3
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Plural
singular
Plural
Nominative
lukko (15)
lock
lukot
suuret renkaat
Nom./Acc.
lukko
lukot
suuri
suuret renkaat
Partitive
lukkoa
lukkoja
suurta rengasta
suuria renkaita
Genitive
Gen./Acc.
lukon
lukon
lukkojen
suuren renkaan
suuren renkaan
Inessive
Elative
Illative
lukossa
lukosta
lukkoon
lukoissa
lukoista
lukkoihin
suuressa renkaassa
suuresta renkaasta
suureen renkaaseen
suurissa renkaissa
suurista renkaista
suuriin renkaisiin
Adessive
Ablative
Al1ative
lukolla
lukolta
lukolle
lukoilla
lukoilta
lukoille
suurella renkaalla
suurelta renkaalta
suurelle renkaalle
suurilla renkailla
suurilta renkailta
suurille renkaille
Essive
Translative
lukkona
lukoksi
lukkoina
lukoiksi
suurena renkaana
suureksi renkaaksi
suurina renkaina
suuriksi renkalksi
Instructive
Abessive
comitative
lukotta
lukoin
lukoitta
lukkoine +
poss. suffix
App.
rengas
suuret ta renkaat ta
suurin
renkain
suuritta renkaitta
suurine renkaine +
poss. suffix
1II-4
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
APPENDIX IV
WHIC8 STBN TO USB WIT8 NONINALS
NOMINALS ENDING 1N A VOWEL BUT NOT IN
-e
-e***
rikas, perhe
rikas, rikas-ta
*1n two-syllable words ending in -a/-, there is a vowel change, -a changes to -e.
**Nominals of the type 'vesi' have slight variations in the part., ess., and illat.:
'vett, veten, veteen'.
***There are some exceptional words ending in -e: 'nalle, -n, -a;
Hosted for free on
livelingua.com
ale, -n, -a; kolme, -n, _af.
App.
1V-l
opi-n
en opi
opi
l opi
- passive forms if
1 infinitive ends in
two vowels
tapaa-n
en tapaa
juo
l juo
tapaa
l tapaa
oppi-i
anta-a
juo
tapaa
III infinitive
oppi-maan
anta-maan
juo-maan
tapaa-maan
IV infinitive
oppi-minen
anta-minen
juo-minen
tapaa-minen
oppi-va
anta-va
juo-va
tapaa-va
opp-isi-n**
anta-i8i-n
jo-isi-n
tapa-isin
joi
kvi
joi-ain
vei-sin
kvi-ain
App.
anna
l anna
juo-n
en juo
anne-taan*
Note:
anna-n
en anna
-t-a/-t-
tavata
-da/-d
juoda
opi-taan
-aa/-
antaa
-a/-
oppia
-isi-.
IV-2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------oppi-a
anta-a
juo-da
tavat-a
oppi~-kse-ni
antaa-kse-ni
juoda-kse-ni
tavata-kse-ni
oppi-e-ssa
anta-e-ssa
juod-e-ssa
tavat-e-ssa
oppi-nut
anta-nut
juo-nut
tavan-nut**
present potential
oppi-ne-n
anta-ne-n
juo-ne-n
tavan-ne-n**
1 infinitive stern
longer form of
II
inf.*
inf ini ti ve
passive form
in -t-a/-t- verbs (vowel + -t-a/-t-)
in -da/-d verbs or assimilated forms
tavata-an***
juo-daan
ol-laan
men-nn
oppi-kaa
lk
+ oppi-ko
+ oppi-ko
oppi-kaamme
oppi-koon
-koot
oppi-ko
anta-kaa
anta-ko
juo-kaa
juo-ko
tavat-kaa
tavat-ko
anta-kaamme
anta-ko
juo-kaamme
juo-ko
tavat-kaamme
tavat-ko
anta-koon
-koot
anta-ko
juo-koon
-koot
juo-ko
tavat-koon
-koot
tavat-ko
Active
Ein
Ein
0.E.E isin
0.EE.inen
0.E.E.ikoon
learn
learnt
1 would learn
1 may learn
let hirn learn
1
1
Passive
oE,itaan
0Ei ttiin
Eittaisiin
Eittaneen
o,Eittakoon
one
one
one
one
let
learns
learnt
would learn
may learn
one learn
App.
IV-3
App.
IV-4
APPENDIX V
TAVALLISIMPIA SUOMALAISIA LYHENTEIT
A
a
A
agr.
AKAVA
akt.
alik.
amer.
ao
ap
apu!.
arava
arvo
as.
atk
AUK
ay
aari(a)
ampeeri, asetus
= agronomi
Akateemisten ammatillinen valtuuskunta
= aktiivi(nen)
= alikersantti
amerikkalainen
= asianomainen
= aamupivll
apulainen, apulais= asuntohallituksen
laina
= arvoisa
= asunto, a~ema,
asemasta
automaattinen tietojen ksittely
aliupseerikoulu
= ammattiyhdistys
BRD
btn
c
C
=
=
div
dl
doll
ed.
EEC
EFTA
ekon.
eKr
em
EM
ent.
epp
erik.
esim.
et.
ev.
ev.lut.
saksan liittotasavalta ev.
bruttorekisteritonni
luutn.
evp
senttilitra(a)
F
F
dipl.
ins.
= gramma(a)
= edellinen,
edell,
edustaja
= Euroopan talousyhteis
= Euroopan vapaakauppaliitto
= ekonomi
ennen Kristuksen
syntym
= ennen mainittu
= Euroopan mestaruus
entinen
= ennen puoltapiv
= erikoinen, erikoisesti
= esimerkiksi
= etel
= eversti
evankelis-luterilainen
ha
harv.
hist.
HKL
hehtaari(a)
= harvinainen,
= saksan
demokraattinen
tasavalta
demokraattinen,
deminutii vi
diplomi-insinri
fi!.
kand.
fiL
maist.
fiL
lis.
fi!.
trL
fr
harvoin
= historiallinen
= Helsingin Kaupungin
Liikennelaitos
H.1.
= hyrylaiva, hehtolitra
= Hmeen lni
HM
HOP
hra
HUK
= Helsingin Osakepankki
= herra
= hum.kand. = humanis-
hl
huom.
hv
HYY
hallitusmuoto
= everstiluutnantti
= erossa
vakinaisesta
palveluksesta
il
ins.
ip
ISO
=
=
=
= Celsiusta
= senttimetri()
dem.
g
H
cm
DDR
dollari
eI
= divisioona
= desilitra(a)
it.
= Fahrenhei tia
= FK = filosofian
=
=
kandidaatti
l"M = f i losof ian
maisteri
FL = filosofian lisensiaatti
FT = filosofian
tohtori
frangi(a)
jatko
jhk
jk
JK
jKr
jksk
jllak
jllek
jltk
= jatkoa, jatkuu
= johonkin, johonkuhun
= jokin, joku
= Jk = jlkikirjoitus
=
=
jms
=
jne
jpp
=
jssk =
jst
jtk
julk. ::;
ja muuta sellaista
ja niin edelleen
jlkeen puolenpivn
jossakin, jossakussa
jostakin, jostakusta
jotakin, jotakuta
julkaissut, julkaisija
kko
kl
klo
km
kni
ko
kihlakunnanoikeus
KO
Kok.
Kokoomuspuolue
komm. : kommunisti(nen)
: korkein oikeus
KOO
KOP
Kansallis-Osake-Pankki
korpr.
korpraali
kp
.. kansanpuolue, konepistooli
kph
= kylpyhuone
::; katu, kuoli, kuollut
kpl
= kappale(tta)
= kansanomainen, -sesti .kr
= kruunu(a)
kr.kat.: kreikkalaiskatolinen
= kapteeni
ks
:: katso
:: katolinen
kansandemokraatti(nen) kumpp. = kumppani(t)
= keskiviikko(a)
kenraali
L
Keskustapuolue
1
= litra(a), lni,
= kehitysaluerahasto
eli, lauantai, laki
= kersantti
la
: lauantai
Keskustapuolue
lehto = lehtori
kilogramma, kilo(a)
:: luokka
lk.
kylpyhuone
:: lket.kand. = lkeLK
korkein hallintotieteen kandidaatti
oikeus
Liberaalinen KansanLKP
kirkkoherra
puolue
lketieteen lisenKeskuskauppakamarin
LL
hyvksym tilinsiaatti
tarkastaja
luutn.
ltn. = luutnantti
lvv.
: liikevaihtovero
= kiireellinen
:: kirjataan
lyh.
lyhenne, lyhennetty
lh.
lhemmin, lhettj
kuukausi,
kirkonkyl, kansakoulu, konekivri,
M
.. metri(), malli
keittokomero
m
2
= kirkko
= nelimetri
m
:: kevtlukukausi
kuutiometri
m3
:: maanantai
:: kello
ma
.. kilometri()
maist. : maisteri
: majuri
kumppani(t)
maj.
:: kyseess oleva
= maailmanenntys
ME
App.
V-2
kans.
kapt.
kato
kd.
ke
kenr.
Kepu
KERA
kers.
Kesk.
kg
kh
KHO
khra
KHT
kiire
kirjo
kk
= makuuhuone, myyntihinta
mh
miel. = mieluummin
:: minuutti(a)
min
:: markka(a)
mk
= millimetri(),
mm
muun muassa
maailmanmestaruus
MM
.. mmk :: miljoona markkaa
Mmk
mpk
meripeninkulma
::; miljardi(a)
mrd
: Mainostelevisio
MTV
murto : murteellinen
mv
: maanvil jeli j
N
n.
NATO
nide
nim. :
nimim.:
nk
NMKY ::
NNKY
n:o
ns
nti
nyk.
=
=
:
=
:
noin
Pohjois-Atlantin
Puolustusliitto
nidottuna
nimittin
nimimerkki
niin kutsuttu
Nuorten Miesten Kristillinen Yhdistys
Nuorten Naisten Kristillinen Yhdistys
numero
niin sanottu
neiti
nykyinen, nykyisin
o
OAJ
oik.
01
om.
os.
o.s.
oto
= Opettajien
Ammattijrjest
oikeastaan, oikealla
0.1. = oulun lni
omistaja
: osoite
omaa sukua
= oman toimen ohella
ovh
oy
= ohjevhittishinta
= OY = osakeyhti
rva
ry
rykm
= penni(), piv,
puhelin
par. = paremmin
past. '" pastori
pat!
pataljoona
pe
'" perj. = perjantai
= puheenjohtaja
pj
pk
= pikakivri
pl
= PL = postilokero
palkkausluokka
plk
pn
= p:n '" pivn
po
p.o.'" pit olla,
puheena oleva
professori
prof.
P.s. = jlkikirjoitus
PS
psta = puolesta
ptk
= pytkirja
puh. = puhelin
puhek.= puhekieli
pv
'" piv,
pienvil jeli j
pvm
'" pivmr
pys. = pyskki
rouva
= r.y. = rekisterity
yhdistys
= rykmentti
rek.
tn
res.
rkl
RKP
rl
RO
RUK
runo
rekisteritonni(a)
= reservi(n)
= ruokalusikallinen
= Ruotsalainen Kansanpuolue
= r.l. = rajoitettu lismaksuvelvollisuus
= raastuvanoikeus
= Reserviupseerikoulu
= runollinen, runokieless
soto
SPR
srk
STK
=sotilaskielt, sotilas
= suomen Punainen Risti
= seurakunta
= Suomen Tynantajain
Keskusli i tto
stm
'" sotamies
STT
'" Suomen Tietotoimisto
STTK = suomen Teknisten Toimihenkiljrjestjen
Keskusliitto
su
'" sunn. = sunnuntai
suojelupoliisi
SUPO
synt.
syntynyt
= Suomen Yhdyspankki
SYP
T
= tunti(a), tonni(a),
tai, tytr
tav.
tavallisesti
tb
= tuberkuloosi
ti
tiist.= tiistai
tjs
= tai jotain sellaista
tk
= tt kuuta, tmn kuun
tkm
'" tykkimies
tl
= teelusikallinen
Tl
'" Turun ja Porin lni
tmi
t:mi = toimin imi
tms
= tai muuta sellaista
tn
= tonni(a)
to
= torstai
toim. = toimittaja, toimittanut
TPSL = Tyven ja Pienviljelijin sosialidemokraattinen Liitto
tri
= tohtori
toisin sanoen
ts
toimisto
tsto
tv
= TV = televisio
tie- ja vesirakennusTVH
hallitus
App.
t
V-3
TVK
= Toimihenkil- ja Virkamiesjrjestjen
Keskusliitto
vt
VT
vnr.
vp.
virkaa toimittava
:;: Vanha testamentti
= vnrikki
= vpeli
UK
UKK
UL
ula
us.
USA
UT
= upseerikoulu
= urho Kaleva Kekkonen
= U.I. = uudenmaan
lni
= ultralyhyetaallot
= usein, usea
= Amerikan yhdysvallat
= uusi testamentti
v
v
v
W
va
vak.
Valmet
= vuotta,
vuonna, vuosina
voltti(a)
= watti(a)
:;: vliaikainen
vakinainen
= Valtion metallitehtaat,
Valmet OY
= Valtiollinen poliisi
VALPO
valtiot.
kand. = VTK = valtiotieteiden
kandidaatti
vh
= vaatehuone
vk
= viime kuuta, viime kuun
vko
= vHkko(a)
V!.
= V.I. = Vaasan lni
VL
Virkamiesliitto
V.p.
= vastausta pyydetn
VPK
:;: vapaaehtoinen palokunta
VR
Valtionrautatiet,
vapauden risti
vrk
:;: vuorokausi
vrt
:;: vertaa
vsk
= Vuosikerta
vss
= vestnsuojelu
App.
yht.
YK
yks.
y!.
= yhteens
= Yhdistyneet Kansakunnat
= yksikk
= yleinen, yleisesti,
ylik. =
yli!. =
ylim. =
yliopp.=
yliv. =
ym
=
yms
=
yo
=
yp
YTL
=
X
Xl>
nt.
yleens
ylikersantti
yliluutnantti
ylimrinen
ylioppilas
ylivpeli
ynn muuta
ynn muuta sellaista
ylioppilas
ylempi palkkausluokka
Yleinen Toimihenkilliitto
= lykkyysosamr
= ntmys, ntyy
V-4
APPPENDIX
VI
Hearing it II D
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
App.
VI-l
UNIT 1
Comprehension exercises
1.
5.
6.
1. Hyv iltaa.
Hyv iltaa.
2. saanko esitell:
Olen.
4. Hn on amerikkalainen oppilas.
Hauska tutustua.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
5. Hyv yt.
Hyv yt.
2.
3.
4.
App.
7.
VI-2
UNIT II
Hear ing i t I D
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Tm on mukava koulu.
Mik tm on?
Odotin vaimoani 10 minuuttia.
Tuolla hyllyll on Helsingin puhelinluettelo.
Mit kello nyt on?
Minun kelloni on edell.
se on suomalainen sanomalehti.
se on suomen luokka.
Se on tuossa pydll.
Viisi yli yksi.
Hear ing i t II D
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Hearing i t III D
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
'comprehension exercises
1. Open to page 11-6. Listen to the tape and identify the picture by number when you
hear the word on the tape.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
juliste
ikkuna
kaappi
lasi
Suomen lippu
tuoli
kirjahylly
lattia
liitu
kalenteri
kyn
suomen kartta
13. kello
14. sein
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
15. kukka
16. kuppi
17. lehti
18. katto
19. matto
20. ovi
App.
VI-3
UNIT II
2. True or false
1. Lippu on seinll.
2. Kukka on pydll.
3. Tuoli on matolla.
4. Kalenteri on taululla.
5. Juliste on seinll.
6. Lamppu on katossa.
7. Kirja on ikkunalla.
8. Kyn on lattialla.
9. KUppi on pydll.
10. Kello on taululla.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Kirja on kaapissa.
Kartta on hyllyss.
Kaappi on lattialla.
Taulu on seinll.
opettaja on luokassa.
Lehti on lattialla.
Ovi on seinss.
Ikkuna on katossa.
Kirja on tuolilla.
Mik/miss?
3.
4. True or false
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
App.
VI-4
UNIT II
6.
7.
Anteeksi, olen uusi tss kaupungissa. Voitteko sanoa minulle miss posti on?
Luuletteko, ett se on auki nyt?
En, valitettavasti tnn on juhlapiv.
Voitteko sanoa, miss hotelli on?
Voin. Menk tt katua pitkin kulmaan. sitten kntyk oikealle ja menk
puiston lpi. Hotelli on puiston takana.
8.
A.
B.
A.
B.
9.
061 aikatiedotus
1.
2.
3.
4.
10.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
12.30 ja 10
2.19 ja 40
18.04 ja 50
9.01
5.
6.
7.
8.
16.15
21.25
9.19
17.28
ja 30
ja 10
ja 20
ja 5
VI-5
UNIT II
11.
Hearing it
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
2.
Hearing it II 0
b)
App.
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
kannu
kahvipannu
tarjotin
haarukka
kulho
1) juustohyl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VI-6
UNIT 111
4.
4. Joisitteko kotikaljaa?
Kiitos, se ei sovi vatsalleni.
6. Poltatteko?
1 version
II version
mit hn haluaa.
B. Mit te haluatte, herra virtanen?
c. - - - - - - - - - - -
A.
B.
C.
B.
A.
B.
C.
B.
A.
B.
B. - - - - -
App.
VI-7
UNIT IV
Hearing it 1 D
Hearing it II D
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Mit on tapahtunut?
Etsimme kausilippuja viikonloppuna.
Lysittek asunnon?
on vaikea lyt huoneistoa.
Menemme vuokraamaan ensi viikonloppuna.
Katselin viihdeohjelmaa myhn yhn.
Kuuntelin konserttia radiosta.
Kyll minua sitten vsytt.
Jnnitysfilmi ei ollut mistn kotoisin.
Lysittek asunnon keskustasta?
Comprehension exercises
1. M. Eiks me voitas sinutella?
L. M oon Lasse.
M oon Maija.
VI-8
UNIT IV
3.
App.
VI-9
UNIT IV
4. uutiset ja s
Yhdysvaltain presidentti tuli eilen camp navidist. Hn ja hnen perheens ovat olleet
lomalla lauantaista tiistaihin. Eilen presidentti tapasi Suomen Yhdysvaltain uuden
suurlhettiln Valkoisessa Talossa. Iranissa on taas tapahtunut vallankumous. Iranin
radion mukaan maan uusi johtaja puhuu huomenna televisiossa. Washingtonissa tapahtui
eilen tulivuorenpurkaus, joka oli jo toinen tss kuussa. stiedotus: Huomenna kaunista ja poutaa. Ylihuomenna kaunista mutta kylm.
5. kaappaus
kumous
jristys
ollut
jnnitys
sinutella
kaupassa
koulussa
rjhdys
olutta
jristys
sinulle
pyrll
saada
aikoa
vuoden
kahvi
ystv
sataa
aikaan
uuden
kaappi
istukaa
Luulen, ett luen tt uutta kirjaa. Minulla on aikaa lukea, koska tnn on pyhpiv.
Minklainen juoni kirjassa on?
phenkil on pelastunut lento-onnettomuudesta.
se on mielenkiintoista. Mik kirjailijan nimi on?
Pertti Virtanen.
Nimi on tuttu minulle. Luulen, ett olen lukenut hnen kirjojansa.
Se on hyvin mahdollista. Hn on kirjoittanut useita kirjoja.
App.
VI-IO
UNIT V
Puhelinpalvelu
1. Valuuttakurssit 13/10
a) New York
Lont.oo
c) Tukholma
d) Frankfurt.
e) Tokio
f) rupla clearing
b)
dollari
punt.a
kruunu
markka
yeni
ost.o
ost.o
ost.o
ost.o
ost.o
ost.o
3,64
8,715
0,87
2,01
0,017
5,65
myynti
myynti
myynt.i
myynti
myynti
myynt.i
3,66
8,83
0,86
2,02
0,017
5,68
2. 013 Nimit.iedot.us
a) B.
A.
B.
b) B.
A.
B.
c) B.
A.
B.
d) B.
A.
B.
Nimet.
Kenell on numero 2691901
Sen omist.aa Pekka Koivunen. Osoit.e on Tlnkat.u 28 A.
Nimet.
Kenell on numero 6267001
Sen omist.aa Kalle Virt.anen. Osoit.e on Tarkk'ampujankat.u 82 c.
Nimet.
Kenell on numero 6825261
Sen omist.aa Ville Jokinen. Osoit.e on Jrvenp, Haarajoki.
Nimet.
Kenell on numero 3268051
Sen omist.aa Tuomas Ket.t.unen. Osoit.e on Papinkuja 4 A.
3. 012 Numerot.iedotus
a) B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
Numerot.
Mik puhelinnumero on Niilo Nikkasella1
Nikkanen ja mik oli et.unimi ja osoit.e?
Niilo ja osoit.e on Pakilant.ie 2 D.
Numero on 495636.
Kiit.os, kiit.os.
App.
VI-l1
UNIT V
b) B. Numerot
A. Mik puhelinnumero on Matti Juntusella?
B. Juntunen ja mik oli etunimi ja osoite?
A. Matti ja osoite on pskyntie 6 B.
B. Numero on 864195.
A. Kiitos, kiitos.
c) B. Numerot
A. Mik puhelinnumero on Onni Kolehmaisella?
B. Kolehmainen ja mik oli etunimi ja osoite?
A. Onni ja osoite on Vuosaarentie 16 B.
B. Numero on 968056
A. Kiitos, kiitos.
d) B. Numerot
A. Mik puhelinnumero on Kaisa Vyrysell?
B. Vyrynen ja mik oli etunimi ja osoite?
A. Kaisa ja osoite on Tlnkatu 18 B 2.
B. Hetkinen vain. Numero on 478564.
A. Kiitos, kiitos.
App.
VI-12
UNIT V
5. A. yritn saada herra Jokea langan phn. Asuuko hn hotellissanne?
B. Tll ei ole kirjoilla ketn sen nimist.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
se tuoli on rikki.
Mutta etk sin halua istuutua thn? Tst nkee nyttmn paremmin.
l pane ksilaukkuasi kaiteelle. Se saattaa pudota.
l ole aina sanomassa, mit minun pitisi tehd. saatan nousta ja lhte.
Haluaisitko juoda jotain ennen kuin nyts alkaa?
En, l vaivaudu, voimme menn ulos jlkeenpin.
l puhu niin kovasti. Hiritset muita ihmisi.
Paras sinkin olet sanomaan. Sinut voi kuulla teatterin toisessa pss.
Jos sin kuulisit paremmin, minun ei tarvitsisi huutaa.
7. A.
B.
A.
B.
App.
VI-13
UNIT VI
1. A. Etsittek jotain?
B. Nytt silt, ett olen jttnyt yhden paketin kauppaan. Miss teill on
lyttavarat?
A. Muiden hommieni ohella pidn huolta mys lyttavaroista. Mink kokoinen
pakettinne oli ja mit se sislsi?
B. se oli noin kirjan kokoinen ja ruskea ja siin oli ksineet.
A. Mitn sellaista ei ole tuotu. Mutta jos jttte nimenne ja puhelinnumeronne
meille, ilmoitamme teille, jos se ilmestyy tnne.
2. A. Haloo, onko Virtasella?
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
App.
VI-14
UNIT VI
4. A. Mik hauska ylltys: Mit te teette tll?
B. Huomenna on vaimoni syntympiv ja ostan hnelle lahjan.
ets~tte?
App.
VI-15
UNIT VIII
1. Telepalvelu
A. shksanomain vastaanotto 021.
B. Hyv huomenta.
A. Koru numero 9.
VI-16
UNIT VIII
A. Mik teidn nimenne, osoitteenne ja puhelinnumeronne on?
B. Matti Huttunen.
B. Kiitoksia paljon.
Kuulemiin.
Kuinka
B. Valitettavasti meill ei ole vapaita lokeroita ennenkuin vuoden lopussa. Lokeroita on kahdenkokoisia, suuria ja pieni. Kumman koon haluatte varata?
Tyttk tm varauskortti.
App.
VI-17
UNIT VIII
4. A. Mits s pidt mun uudesta Mossesta?
vanha?
B. Joo, on se.
se on nopeampi ja tyy-
Yleens asia on niin, ett mit halvempi auto sen huonompi se on.
A. Tupakoimattomien.
B. Totta kai.
A. Ei viel.
B. Kyll.
Haluatteko liput
App. VI-18
UNIT IX
2. A. Mieheni ja min olemme juuri psseet elkkeelle ja ostaneet uuden osakkeen.
Haluaisimme sisustaa yhden huoneen kevyeksi ruokailu- ja kahvinurkkaukseksi.
Kalustuksen haluaisimme ranskalaisen bistro-tyylin mukaiseksi. olemme Ranskassa
tutustuneet bistroihin ja luulemme, ett meill jo olevat kaksi kevytt nojatuolia
sopivat tyyliin.
B. Kyll. Edelleen ehdottaisin, ett seint maalattaisiin valkoisiksi ja ikkunoihin
hankittaisiin valkoiset sleverhot. Ikkunaa vastapt tulisi valkoinen ranskalainen ovi, joka avautuu patiolle. Nojatuoleihin sopisi pieni antiikkisohva, joka
voitaisiin pllyst vihrell sametilla.
A. Ent millaista pyt ehdottaisitte?
B. se voisi olla matala, pyre ja valkoiseksi maalattu. Jotta tyyli olisi tysin
ranskalainen, ehdottaisin, ett sohvan taakse seinlle ripustettaisiin kultakehyksinen peili.
A. Se on hyv idea~ yritmme lyt sohvan ja peilin antiikkikaupoista.
B. Kokonaisuus on kevyt ja huoleton, mutta silti hienostunUt.
3. A. Huomenta.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B. Nyt nytt silt, ett meidn on pakko kuitenkin vuokrata huone, halusimmepa
App. VI-19
tai ei.
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
4. A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
UNIT IX
Miksi tll on n11n pime?
Valot ovat juuri sammuneet, ja min etsin katkaisijaa.
Luulen ett se on tss, miss min olen, ikkunan vieress.
En usko, ett se on siin. Se on varmasti tuolla oven lhell.
Voitko kvell sielt, miss nyt olet, sinne miss katkaisi jan pitisi olla?
Nyt olen tss oven vieress, mutta en lyd katkaisijaa. Tule tnne auttamaan.
Olisi parempi, jos sin tulisit tnne. Mutta varo. Siin vlill on pyt.
Mutta luulin, ett panit pydn tuohon nurkkaan.
Se oli siin viime viikolla, mutta siirsin sen.
5. Kuulutuksia asemalla:
a) Erikoispikajuna numero 84 Kontiomelle Kouvolan kautta lhtee laiturilta 9.
b) Erikoispikajuna numero 8 Joensuusta saapuu raiteelle 14.
c) Pikajuna numero 24 Lappeenrannasta ja Vainikkalasta on myhss 40 minuuttia.
Sen odotetaan saapuvan raiteelle 1 kello 9.30.
d) Laivapikajuna Helsingist saapuu raiteelle 1 A. Juna jatkaa edelleen Turun
satamaan.
e) Ylimrinen juna numero 69 Rovaniemelt on myhss 15 minuuttia.
6. Helsingin elokuvat tnn
ADAMS, vrielokuva Merten sudet, 18.30 ja 21
ADLON, Peter sellers elokuvassa FU Manchun kierot temput, 19 ja 21
ALFAROMEO, Keskiyn pikajuna, 18.30 ja 21
ARITA, Piukat paikat, posassa Marilyn Monroe, joka ilta 19
AXA, vrielokuva American Gigolo, 19 ja 21
CINEMA, Samuraimiekka, joka ilta 19 ja 21
CORONA, Flash Gordon elokuvassa Iskev salama, 18.45 ja 21
ELYSEE, Ben-Hur, posassa Charlton Heston, 19.45 ja 21
FORMIA, steve McQUeen elokuvassa Metsstj, arka 19 ja 21
MAXIM 1, Sininen Laguuni, Brooke Shields posassa, 18.30 ja 20.30
MAXIM 2, woody Allenin ohjaama Muistelmia, 19 ja 21
MYYRMKI, Kramer vastaan Kramer, Dustin Hoffman posassa, arka 19
NORDIA 3 ja KINO, Mies, josta tuli miljonri, vrielokuva, 16.45 ja 18.45
ORION, Milka, ohjaaja Rauni Mollberg, 18.45 ja 21
REX, superkytt, 19 ja 21
RIGOLETTO, ulvova koira, 18.45 ja 20.45
RITZ, walt Disneyn Aristokatit, 18.30 ja 20
STUDIO 1, Diana RoSS elokuvassa Taikuri Oz, 16.45, 18.30 ja 20.40
STUDIO 2, Girls, 17 ja 19
App. VI-20
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
UNIT IX
7. Helsingin teatterit
Kansallisooppera:
Kansallisteatteri:
Suuri nyttm:
lauantaina klo 15 srkyneiden sydnten talo
sunnuntaina klo 19.30 Jkri stahl
Pieni nyttm:
lauantaina klo 19 Kultalampi
sunnuntaina klo 14 Idiootti
Willensauna:
lauantaina klo 13 Mestaritontun seikkailut
sunnuntaina klo 14.30 Meren nainen
Intimiteatteri:
Ylioppilasteatteri:
Kaupunginteatteri:
App.
VI-21
UNIT X
2. SCENE 1
A. ystvni katkaisi ktens ja hn tarvitsee nopeasti lkrin.
B. Tnn tll ensiapuklinikalla on paljon ruuhkaa, koska ulkona on hyvin jinen
keli. ystvnne tytyy odottaa, kunnes lkri on nhnyt vakavammat tapaukset.
A. Mutta hnell on kovat tuskat ksivarressa. Eik hnelle voitaisi antaa paikallispuudutusta]
B. Hn voi saada aspiriinia. Emme anna puudutusta, ennenkuin tutkimme rntgenkuvat.
Hnen pitisi pit ktt liikkumatta. Voimme ottaa hnet sisn pian.
SCENE II
A. sairaanhoitaja~
Me olemme odottaneet jo kaksi tuntia. Eik ole jo meidn vuoro]
B. Me voimme valmistaa ystvnne nyt rntgeniin. ottakaa tm lippu ja menk
rntgenosastolle.
SCENE 111
A. Tohtori, mik kdess on vikana]
C. Ksivarsi on poikki kyynrpn lhelt. se tytyy leikata ja siihen pannaan tersnaula, joka pit luut paikallaan. Teidn ystvnne tytyy jd sairaalaan odottamaan leikkausta.
A. No, jo on aikakin. Olemme odottaneet jo nelj tuntia.
3. A. Hei: oot skin tll: Tulit s jytjumppaan tnne kuntohallillet
B. Joo. Musta liikunta musiikin parissa on hauskin tapa pysy kunnossa.
A. M oon ihan samaa mielt. OOt s muuten kuullut, ett Jaana on alkanut harrastaa kehonrakennus ta]
B. Eihn~ Eiks se pelk, ett se saa bodaamisesta suuret lihakset]
A. Ei yhtn. Jaana kertoi, ett se on oikein hyv harrastus naisillekin. Naiset
eivt nostele hyvin raskaita painoja.
B. Kyll m vaan aion tyyty hiihtmiseen ja hlkkmiseen.
A. Kyllhn niillkin kunto nousee.
B. onks Pekka taas pururadalla]
A. Joo. se ky joka piv viiden kilometrin lenkill.
B. sehn hyv. Minun miestni taas ei saa liikahtamaankaan nojatuolista. Se harrastaa vain penkkiurheilua~
App.
VI-22
4. A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
A.
B.
UNIT X
Mist s oot alunperin kotosin?
Mun sukuni on lhtsin Irlannista ja skotlannista, mutta jotkut mun esivanhemmista ovat saksalaisia. Ents sun?
Mun suku on puhtaasti suomalaista. Meill on suvussa huhu, jonka mukaan
suvussa oli mustalainen viidenness polvessa taaksepin. Muut kyll kieltvt
sen jyrksti.
Tosiaankin, sullahan on ruskeet silmt ja levoton veri~
Tapaatko s serkkujas ja pikkuserkkujas usein?
Joo~
Me tavataan niit joka vuosi kesll, ja meidn suku jrjest joka
viides vuosi suuren sukukokouksen.
M taas en tunne lheskn kaikkia serkkujani. Ne on hajaantuneet ympri maailmaa. Lheisi sukulaisia me kuitenkin tavataan snnllisesti.
Joo. M oon oikeen sukurakas. On mukava tiet, mit suvussa tapahtuu.
UNIT XI
A. Ilmatieteen laitoksen stiedotus lauantaina kello 12.
Voimakas ja hyvin lauha lounainen ilmavirtaus on levinnyt yn aikana maahamme.
Skandinaviassa oleva sadealue liikkuu mys nopeasti itn. sade tulee veten
Etel-Suomessa ja lumena tai rntn Pohjois-suomessa. Lounaan ja lnnen vliset
tuulet voimistuvat koviksi tai myrskyisiksi merialueilla.
Lmptila Helsingiss -0 astetta, tuulennopeus 2 metri sekunnissa. Ilmanpaine
35 astetta ja laskee hiukan. Iltapivll navakkaa tai kovaa lnnenpuoleista
tuulta, pilvist tai pilvistyv ja illalla lnnest alkaen rntsadetta, joka
muuttuu vesisateeksi. Aamulla vhn selkemp. Lmptila huomenna plus 5 astetta.
Kovan tuulen varoitus kaikilla merialueilla.
B. stiedotus: odotettavissa huomiseen keskipivn asti.
Ahvenanmaalla, Turun ja porin lnin etelosassa, Uudenmaan, Hmeen ja Kymenlniss: Heikkoa tai kohtalaista lounaistuulta, osaksi selkenev, yll enimmkseen
pilvist ja paikoin sadetta. Huomenna lnteen kntyv tuulta ja jlleen osaksi
selkenev. Lmptila ennallaan. Turun ja Porin lnin pohjoisosassa ja Vaasan
lniss: Kohtalaista eteln kntyv tuulta, iltapivll osaksi selkenev,
yll ja aamulla pilvist ja vhn sadetta. pivn ylin lmptila noin 18 astetta,
ja yn alin noin 12 astetta. Mikkelin, Keski-suomen, Kuopion, Pohjois-Karjalan ja
oulun lnin etelosassa: Kohtalaista lnnen ja lounaan vlist tuulta, aluksi
pilvist ja viel paikoin sadetta. yll ja aamulla selkemp ja enimmkseen poutaa. pivlmptila nousee hiukan. Oulun lnin pohjoisosassa ja Lapin lniss:
Heikkoa tai kohtalaista suunnaltaan vaihtelevaa tuulta, enimmkseen pilvist ja
sadetta, pivlmptila 13 - 16 asteeseen.
App.
Vh23
UNIT XI
App.
VI-24
UNIT XI
E. stiedotus
Kaakkois-Suomessa oleva matalapaine tyttyy vhitellen. s on epvakaista tnn koko
maassa. Pilvisyys on vaihtelevaa ja monin paikoin esiintyy sadekuuroja ja Pohjois-suomessa paikoin mys ukkosta. pohjois- ja It-suomessa sadekuurojen paikallinen esiintymistodennkisyys on tnn noin 80 - 90 prosenttia. Lnsi-suomessa sadekuurojen esiintymistodennkisyys on vhisempi eli noin 60, 60 - 70 prosenttiin. Baltian etelpuolelta
Keski-Ruotsiin ulottuu heikko korkean selnne, joka liikkuu hitaasti itkoilliseen. Sen
ansiosta s on muuttumassa huomenna selkemmksi maan lounaisosissa ja sadekuurojen
todennkisyys pienenee noin 30 prosenttiin. Samalla pivlmptila kohoaa noin 18 asteeseen. Muualla maassa sadekuuroja esiintyy huomennakin yleisesti, mutta vhemmn kuin tnn.
Todennkisyys on noin 50 - 70 prosenttiin. Huomiset pivlmptilat vaihtelevat 15 - 18
asteeseen. Ensi yn alimmat lmptilat ovat 8 - 10 asteeseen. Suhteellinen kosteus pienenee
maan lounais- ja etelosissa, mutta pysyy muualla suurin piirtein ennallaan.
F. s illalla
Helsingiss pivn ylin lmptila 14 astetta, alin lmptila 10 astetta. Selkenev,
kaakkois tuulta 8 metri sekunnissa. sateen todennkisyys 80 prosenttia. Turussa ylin
lmptila 13 astetta, alin lmptila 9 astetta. Selkenev, ittuulta 7 metri sekunnissa.
Sateen todennkisyys 80 prosenttia. Tampereella pivn ylin lmptila 15 astetta, alin
lmptila 6 astetta. Vaihtelevaa pilvisyytt, kaakkoistuulta 4 metri sekunnissa. sadekuurojen esiintymistodennkisyys 40 prosenttia. Vaasassa pivn ylin lmptila vaihtelee
neljntoista ja viiden asteen vlill. Vaihtelevaa pilvisyytt, tuuli etelss 2 metri
sekunnissa, sadekuurojen esiintymistodennkisyys 40 prosenttia. oulun pivlmptila
kahdentoista ja viiden asteen vlill. Vaihtelevaa pilvisyytt, lounaistuulta 5 metri
sekunnissa. Savonlinnassa ylin lmptila 14, alin 10 astetta. puolipilvist, kaakkoistuulta
5 metri sekunnissa. Ukkoskuurojen esiintymistodennkisyys 40 prosenttia. Kuopiossa lmptila vaihtelee neljntoista ja kymmenen asteen vlill, puolipilvist, eteltuulta 4 metri
sekunnissa, ukkoskuurojen todennkisyys 40 prosenttia.
UNIT XII
A. Israelilainen partioalus upotti viime yn palestiinalaisen sissiveneen, sanoi
Israelin sotilasedustaja tnn. Partioalus oli Israelin sotilasedustajan mukaan
tavanomaisella partiokierroksella havaitessaan veneen matkalla kohti Israelin
rannikkoa. Sissit avasivat tulen, mutta heidn aluksensa tuhottiin ja upotettiin,
sanoi Israelin sotilasedustaja. Hn ei maininnut vlikohtauksessa mukana olleiden
arabien mr.
App.
VI-25
UNIT XII
B. Bangladeshin armeijan lentoyksikt alkoivat tnn pudottaa ilmasta ruokaa tulvien
eristmille alueille. yli puolet Bangladeshist on seitsemn viikon monsuunisateiden
aiheuttamien tulvien peitossa. Tulvavedet ovat edelleen nousussa. Tulvissa surmansa
saaneiden mrksi on ilmoitettu 1200, mutta epviralliset lhteet uskovat kuolonuhrien mrn olevan paljon suurempi. Yli puolet Bangladeshin pkaupungista, Daccasta,
on edelleen tulvien ulkopuolella ja kaupunkiin on kerntynyt pakolaisia kaikkialta
ymprivIt alueelta. Virallisten lhteiden mukaan on noin 78 000 Bangladeshin noin
142 000 nelikilometrist tulvien peitossa. Tulva-alueella asuu yli 30 miljoonaa ihmist.
VI-26
App.
VI-27
UNIT XIII
1. Suomen Tietotoimiston uutisia: Suomi siirtyy kesaikaan kaikkien muiden Euroopan
maiden tapaan paitsi sveitsin. Huhtikuun viimeisen sunnuntaina, joka tn vuonna
sattuu kahdennenkymmenennenkuudennen pivn kohdalle, kellot siirretn tuntia
edelle kello kaksi yll ja syksyll lokakuun viimeisen sunnuntaina, kolmantenakymmenentenYhdenten pivn, palataan normaaliin aikaan. Kesaika tekee mahdolliseksi sen, ett esimerkiksi Finnairin aikatauluja useimpiin maihin ei tarvitse
muuttaa. Kesaikaa kokeiltiin vuonna 1942, mutta se havaittiin silloin soveltumattomaksi suomen oloihin ja sit ei otettu jatkuvaan kytntn.
2. Suomen Marsalkka Mannerheimin kuoleman JO-vuotismuistojuhlan vietto aloitettiin
keskiviikkona aamupivll kunniavartioin ja tervapadoin Helsingin Hietaniemess,
jossa eri kansalaisjrjestt laskivat yhteisen seppeleens Marsalkan hautapaadelle
ja sankarihaudan Isolle ristille. Suomen Marsalkka Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
kuoli Sveitsiss 28. tammikuuta 1951. Entinen valtionhoitaja, puolustussotiemme
ylipllikk ja tasavaltamme kuudes presidentti, oli kuollessaan 83-vuotias. Muistosanat Marsalkan hautapaadella lausunut jalkavenkenraali Adolf Ehrnrooth muistutti
Mannerheimin olleen ei vain suuri sodan johtaja vaan mys viisas valtiomies. Hietaniemen lyhyen, mutta sitkin hartaamman kunnianosoituksen jlkeen, satakunta kutsuvierasta siirtyi pivn kunniaksi avattuun muistonyttelyyn Mannerheim-museoon.
Kaivopuiston Kall~olinnantiell sijaitsevan Mannerheim-museon muistonyttelY on
avoinna yleislle torstaista alkaen.
3. Saksalainen kirjasto (Deutsche Bibliothek) Helsingiss tytt tn kevn sata
vuotta. Alunperin kahdentoista saksalaisen perheen lukupiirist alkunsa saanut
kirjakokoelma luovutettiin Helsingin saksalaiselle seurakunnalle 1881, jolloin
kirjasto ptettiin perustaa. Viisikymmenluvulla kirjaston taakse muodostettiin
Helsingin saksalainen kirjastoyhdistys ry., ja laitos muutti nykyisiin tiloihinsa
Pohjoinen Makasiinikatu 7:n. saksan Liittotasavallan mittava lahjoitus 1979 mahdollisti kirjaston tilojen tydellisen uusimisen. Nykyinen kirjasto kuuluu tieteellisiin kirjastoihin, ja sen kokoelmat sisltvt noin 45 000 nidosta. palueet
ovat kirjallisuus ja kielitiede. Erikoiskokoelma on Fennica-osasto, jonne pyritn
kermn kaikki Suomesta ja Suomessa saksaksi jUlkaistut painotuotteet ja suomalaisten teosten saksannokset. osasto ksitt yli pari tuhatta nidosta. saksalaisen
kirjaston juhlanyttelyn avataan Jugend-salissa 21. tammikuuta yksikielisten sanakirjojen nyttely.
App.
VI-28
UNIT XIII
4. Kaamos on kohta ohi. Viel tmn pivn aurinko piileskelee utsjoella, mutta
huomenna pari kuukautta kestnyt kaamos pttyy. Kovin pitkn auringosta ei
silti viel lhipivin utsjoella iloita: huomenna se nousee kello 12.01 ja
laskee runsaan puolen tunnin kuluttua kello 12.43. Helsingiss aurinko on huomenna taivaanrannan ylpuolella yli kuusi tuntia. Pivien pidetess on ennen
pitk edess Lapin ytn y. utsjoella se alkaa 17. toukokuuta, jolloin aurinko
ei noustuaan en pitkn aikaan laske. Tn vuonna kyttn otettava kesaika
merkitsee utsjoella todellista kesaikaa, sill piviss mitaten kesyn aurinkoa on vuorokausi enemmn kuin muuten. Normaalisti aurinko laskisi ensi kerran
27. 7. kello 23.44, mutta kun kelloja on silloin siirretty tunnilla eteenpin,
aurinko laskeekin vasta 28.7. kello 0.44.
UNIT XIV
1. Raahen alaluokkalaiset kyvt aamupivhoidossa
.,t.pp.
V~-29
2.
3.
App.
UNIT XIV
Ruotsilta tivataan parempaa opetusta suomalaislapsille
suomalaiset ministerit ja kansanedustajat ovat kiinnittneet Pohjoismaiden neuvoston tmnkertaisessa istunnossa runsaasti huomiota ruotsinsuomalaisten eptyYdyttvn asemaan ja tiukanneet Ruotsin hallitukselta tarmokkaampia toimia pohjoismaisten sopimusten hengess.
Opetusministeri Marjatta Vnnen (keskustapuoluelainen) kysyi keskiviikkona
virallisen kysymyksen muodossa Ruotsin hallitukselta, mit se aikoo tehd nykyisess tilanteessa parantaakseen ruotsinsuomalaisten lasten mahdollisuuksia saada
opetusta idinkielelln, kuten pohjoismainen kulttuurisopimus thdent. vnst
kiinnosti erityisesti se, miten Ruotsin hallituksen sstohjelmat vaikuttavat
suunnitelmiin.
Ruotsin opetusministeri Jan-Eric wickstrm vakuutti vastauksessaan, etteivt
ssttoimet vaikuta siirtolaisten kieltenopetukseen eik muihin siirtolaisia
koskeviin suunnitelmiin.
Jo tiistaina toinen opetusministeri Kalevi Kivist (kansandemokraatti(nen oli
korostanut sit, ett suomalaisten asemaa Ruotsissa olisi luonnollista tarkastella nimenomaan pohjoismaisesta nkkulmasta pohjoismaiset sopimukset huomioon
ottaen.
Suomen kielell annettavan opetuksen piiriss on vain 14 prosenttia Ruotsin suomenkielisist peruskoululaisista, Kivist huomautti.
vri ennusteita
Henkikirjoituksen yhteydess 1970- ja 1980-lukujen taitteessa suoritetun kielirekisterinnin mukaan suomenruotsalaisia on 301 544 eli 6,3 prosenttia Suomen
koko vestst. Ruotsinkielisten todellinen mr on siis selvsti korkeampi kuin
1970-luvun puolivliss tehdyt ennusteet lupasivat. Lienee perusteltua vet varovainen joskin optimistinen johtopts, ett suomenruotsalaisten mr on tasoittumassa 300 OOO:een.
On mielenkiintoista panna merkille, ett vuonna 1980 oli Suomessa 65 ruotsinkielist tai kaksikielist kuntaa. Niiss asui noin 1,3 miljoonaa ihmist, joista
suomenruotsalaisia oli noin 22 prosenttia. Suomenruotsalaisten koko mrst 55
prosenttia el kielellisen enemmistn kotipaikkakunnallaan. Tilastolliset
havainnot osoittavat, ett puheet kuolevasta vhemmistst ovat perttmi. Elm
sykkii ruotsinkielisill seuduilla lhes yht voimakkaana kuin 1970-luvulla.
Huolimatta siit, ett nyt julkaistu tilastollinen raportti antaa aiheen varovaiseen optimismiin, se paljastaa samalla erit tulevaisuuden kannalta vakaviakin
epkohtia.
VI-30
UNIT XIV
Suomenruotsalaisten ikrakenne on huomattavasti epsuotuisampi kuin maan vestn
kokonaisuudessaan. Vestpyramidi puhuu huolestuttavaa kieltn. Suomenruotsalaisilla on ylimmiss ikluokissa selv yliedustus verrattuna koko maan vanhimpiin
ikluokkiin. Nuorissa ikluokissa taas suomenruotsalaiset jvt alle maan keskiarvon. Mitk tekijt vaikuttavat nin epsuotuisasti ikrakenteeseen? Suomenruotsalaisen vestn kohtalonkysymykset ovat lhinn kaksikieliset avioliitot, alhainen
syntyvyys ja siirtolaisuus.
4.
5.
VI-31
UNIT XIV
Kustannuksiin vedoten on suomalaiset liikennelentjt kouluttava Finnair halunnut
nostaa elkein esimerkiksi 55 vuoteen.
Keskusjrjestihin kuulumaton liikennelentjliitto onkin tynantajan kanssa kytyjen neuvottelujen viime vaiheissa ollut suostuvainen siihen, ett taloon tulevien
uusien lentjien elkeik nostetaan 55 vuoteen.
6.
7.
App.
VI-32
APPENDIX VII
Page
P-G
P-3
P-9
P-2
p-5
P-s
P-s
p-9
Unit
IX-G
III-I
VIII-C
IX-C
VIII-D'
App. III
App. 1
Derivations
App. 1
Nominals ending in
in
in
in
in
-as/-s, -is
_el
-i
-nen
-si
II-R
XI-A
XI-A
XI-A
Plural
Longer words
Nominals
VII-C
VI-B
p-7
P-l
NOMINALS
Adjectives
Adjectives ending in -ton/-tn,
~maton/-mtn -less, un-/in-
Adjectives with nouns
Comparative of adjectives
Superlative of adjectives
'Yht kuin' as as
Numerals
Cardinal numbers
Fractional numbers
How to decline an ordinal
ordinals
V-C
III-L
III-J
IV-A
III-K
V-D
V-E
II-P
Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
in the nominative
Demonstrative pronouns and 'mik'
in the singular
Demonstrative pronouns and 'mik'
in the plural
Indefinite pronouns
'joku, jokin' somebody, SOrne,
something
'jompikumpi' -either one'koskaan, ei koskaan' _eVer, never W
'kukaan, ei kukaan' -anybody, nobody'kukin' Weach W
'mikn, ei mikn' -anything,
nothing W
'molemmat' Wboth W
'moni, paljon, kaikki, ers, muutama'
Wmany, aIot, alI, a certain, a few w
Interrogative pronouns 'kuka' who,
'mik' wwhat W in the singular
in the plural
'kumpi' which one of the two'kumpikaan' wneither one W
'kumpikin' Wboth, each of the two W
Personai pronouns
stem with case endings
App.
II-A
III-F
VII-A
V-H
VII-I
V-H
V-I
VII-F
V-I
VII-I
VI-F
II-B
II-B
VII-I
VII-I
VII-I
I-A
I-D
VII-l
Possessive pronouns
Possessive suffixes
Relative pronoun 'joka' -who,
that, whichAdverbs
Adverbs of place
Cornparative of adverbs
Superlative of adverbs
I-F
1-0
X-E
V-G
II-Q
VIII-E
IX-D
I-N
V-J
Postpositions
IX-F
Prepositions
IX-E
VERBS
Active voice
Changes in the stern before the
past tense rnarker -i
Past active participle
Past perfect tense
Past tense affirrnative
Past tense negative
Present participle
Present perfect tense
Present tense affirrnative
Present tense negative
Present tense of 'olla' -to beChart of conjugational types of verbs
Conditional
Past active -would havePresent active
IV-C
IV-E
IV-G
IV-B
IV-D
XI-C
IV-F
I-B
I-H
1-1
App. III
Past passive
present passive
Forrns of 'tytyy, pit, tulee'
-should have-
X-D
X-B
VIII-B
I-E
VI-G
III-H
X-C
VII-H
Imperative
First person plural -let's,- forrnal
First person plural, inforrnal
Negative of the second person
Passive -let X be doneSecond person singular of 'sin'
Second person plural & polite forrn
Third person singular -let hirn/her
do x,' may he/she do xThird person plural -let thern do X-,
may they do xInfinitives
1 infinitive, basic forrn
longer forrn -kseII infinitive inessive -e-ssa/-ss
instructive -e-n
II! infinitive -rna-/-mIV infinitive -minen
XIV-G
VI-A
IV-I
XIV-J
IV-H
II-S
XIV-H
XIV-I
III-G
XIII-A
XIII-B
XIII-C
~V-J
X-A
VIII-A
V-F
App. VII-2
.
Participles as adjectives
Past active -nut/~nyt, -neePast passive -tu/-ty, -ttu/-tty
Present active -va/-v
Present passive -ttava/-ttv
XI-B
XI-D
XI-E
XI-C
XII-C
Passive voice
Past perfect tense
Past tense
Present participle
Present perfect tense
Present tense
Review of passive tenses
IX-B
VII-G
XII-C
IX-A
VI-A
XIV-E
Potential
Past active
Past passive
Present active
Present passive
sorne derivational notes
'Tytyy, pit, tulee' Rrnust, have toR
XIV-C
XIV-D
XIV-A
XIV-B
VI-H
V-A
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Case forrnation and usage
Abessive -tta/-tt Rwithout R
Ablative -lta/-It Rfrom on R
Accusative
Adessive -lla/-Il Ron"
Allative -lIe RontoR
Case endings
Cases indicating location
Comitative -ne- Rwith R
Elative -sta/-st Rfrom inside R
Essive -na/-n RasR
Genitive (possessive) singular -n
Rof, 'SR
Genitive plural
II-F
VI-C
III-A
II-N
VIII-F
VI-E
App. III
II-Q
II-C
VII-E
II-L
III-D
II-K ..
II-M
I-C
II-G
XIV-F
II-I
VII-D
II-J
II-H
XII-F
II-E
II-D
App. II I
Object
III-E
III-B
III-C
VI-D
Questions
How to answer -ko/-k questions
How to form -ko/-k questions
How ta form questions
I-K
I-J
I-L
App.
VII-3
App.
App. III
IV-K
V-B
App IV
I-H
VII-4
TO THE STUDENT
This glossary is qesigned to serVe the needs of users of conversational Finnish. It includes alI the
words in units I-XIV. It does not necessarily list alI the words of the texts on tape or those of
the supplementary readings. Words arepresented in Finnish alphabetical order and in the form that
they appear in the text. The English translation generally is that of the basic form, i.e., the
dictionary form, and it has often been simplified and limited to contextual meaning of the word.
currently available Finnish-English dictionaries are better suited for use by native Finnish speakers
than by students of Finnish. ,unless the user is familiar with the.structure of Finnish, it is almost
impossible for him/her to use most dictionaries effectively. The system of listing inflected forms
as well as the basic form hae been found to facilitate use by learners. This glossary uses a system
adapted from one developed by Dr. Robert Austerlitz in his Finnish Reader and Glossary (Indiana
University press, 1966, Bloomington, Indiana).
Large numbers of Finnish words are-derived- from basic roots. This type of word formation is very
common in Finnish. The -derivational elements- that the language uses are also given in this
glossary using a system that ia similar to that in Jouko Vesikansa's book, Johdokset (Porvoo, WSOY,
1977). However, we have not strictly followed his division of derivations, since our emphasis is on
practical guidance to help students understand the structure and meaning of Finnish words.
G-i
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS
et.
<
(et. poika)
1n
<aika)
boy's
in a/the book
earlier
thought
in (the) houses
would we get
auto-mme-kin
also our car
-mme- i5 the first person plural possessive suffix
-kin is the particle for -also-
morning coffee
*ln compound words, cf. refers to the second word of the compound.
G-ii
singular
tytt
sN
(singu1ar nominative)
gir1
plural
tyt-t
pN
(p1ura1 nominative)
gir1s
1-14
a number right after the word refers to the unit in the book where it occurs for
the first time
1, 2, 3
I,II,III,IV
1 get
in drinking
G+
+P
G-iii
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ct.
colloq.
compar.
cond.
conj.
dial.
dim.
emph.
fig.
toll. by
hume
imperat.
indecl.
indet.
int.
abbreviation
abstract
active voice
adjective
adverb
archaic
compare
colloquial
comparative
conditional
conjunction
dialect(al)
diminutive
emphatic
figurative
tolloweQ by
humorous
imperative
indeclinable
indefinite
infinitive
interrog.
intr.
lit.
mi!.
neg.
p
pass.
past
pcp.
perso
poet.
poss. sutf.
postpos.
pot.
prepos.
pres.
pron.
relat.
s
sl.
superl.
tr.
vb.
interrogative
intransitive
literally
military
negative
plural
passive voice
past tense, past
participle
person
poetical
possessive suttix
postposition
potential mood
preposition
present
pronoun
relative pronoun
singular
slang
superlative
transitive
verb
N/A
P
G
G/A
In
El
Il
accusative
nominative
nominative/accusative
partitive
genitive
genitive/accusative
inessive
elative
illative
Ad
AbI
AI
E
T
Instr.
Abess.
Comit.
adessive
ablative
allative
essive
translative
instructive
abessive
comitative
G-iv
FORMAT
what is indicated
L Nominals:
nouns are segmented into stern, number, case ending, possessive suffix, and particle(s)
auto-i-sta-si
Ad adv.
Verbs:
in the active voice, the inflected verbs are segmented by mood, tense, person,
participles and particle(s)
men-isi-mme
ajo-i-n
anne-tta-koon
cond. pl
past s3
pass. imperat.
we would go
1 drove
may it be given
in the passive voice, the passive marker and the indefinite personaI ending are
segmented together, except in the conditional and the potential
pela-taan
pela-tta-isi-in
pela-tta-ne-en
pass. pres.
pass. pres. cond.
pass. pres. pot.
G-v
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III II
to drink
in those made
transitive and intransitive (tr., intr.) have been indicated for the sake of clarity only
sl
1 come
cond. 81
would come
book
In
in a/the book
DERIVATIONS
south
sun
window
G-vi
the ending in in adverbs has been eategorized, for the sake of consisteney, as
plural instruetive rather than as a derivational morpheme
hyvin
plnstr adv.
well, very
COMPOUND WORDS
(ef. liitto)
marriage
the endings and derivational morphemea are generally indicated only in the second
word
avio+liito-ssa
sIn
in the marriage
sIn
other ending have also been separated in the first word, especially
in numerals
kolme-lle+toista
Al
to thirteen
PARTICLES
-han/-hn
-ka/-k
-kaan/-kn
-ko/-k
-pa/-p
-s
POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES
G-vii i
(A)
aalto 11
aam=iainen 5
aam=iais-ta 5 P (ef. aamiainen)
aamu 2
aamu+kahvi-t 8 pN
aamu+lehti 2
aamu-1la 2 Ad
aamu+takki 6
Aasia 12
aatto 13
AB 8 abbr. for aktiebolaget (Swedish)
adressi-t 7 pN
Adventti+kirkko 13
ahkera 1
ahta=utu=ma 11 ahdas)
ahven 7
ahven-i-a 7 pP
Ahvenan+maa-ta 14 P
ai 2
aie-mma-n 13 G eompar. (ef. aiempi; <aika)
aihe-i-sta pEl
aihe=utta-a 8 I
aihe=utu-neet 8 past aet. pep. (ef. aiheutua)
aihe=utu-ne-i-sta 14 past aet. pep. pEl
(eL aiheutua)
aika 2
aika 3 adv.
aika-a 2 P
aika-an 2 11
aika=ise-mm-i-n 2 eompar. plnstr.
(ef. aikaisempi)
aika+kaus+lehti 2
aika-na 6 E (G+) postpos.
aika+taulu 2
aika+taulu+neuvo=nta 9
wave
breakfast (early luneh)
breakfast
morning
morning eoffee
morning paper
in the morning
dressing gown, bathrobe
Asia
eve
Ine.
address, petition
Adventist eongregation
industrious
paek ice
perch
pereh
Ahvenanmaa, land
ohI
earlier
about topies/subjects/occasions
to cause
be caused
be eaused (things whieh are caused (by
time
rather
time
. (into) time
earlier
magazine, periodical
during
timetable
timetable information
G-l
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aika+tied=ot=us 5 N
aiko-a 4 1
aiko-i -na 13 pE (et. aika)
aiko-jen 13 pG (et. aika)
aiko-o 5 s3 (et. aikoa)
aik=uinen 10
aik=uise-t 7 pN (et. aikuinen)
aik=uis-i-l1a 13 pAd (et. aikuinen)
aik=uis-i-l1e 2 pAl (et. aikuinen)
aik=uis-ten 4 pG (et. aikuinen)
aina 4
aine 14
aine-i-ta 8 pP (et. aine)
ainee-na 13 E (et. aine)
ainoa-n 6 G adj.
aio-mme 10 p1 (et. aikoa)
aio-n 8 81 (et. aikoa)
aio-t-ko 10 s2 (ef. aikoa)
aio-tte 5 p2 (et. aikoa)
aio-tte-ko 4 p2 (et. aikoa)
aio-tte-ks = aiotteko 4 eolloq.
aita+juoks=u 10
ait=io 9
ait=io-sta 9 El
aivan 7 adv.
aja' 6 imperat. 82 (eL ajaa)
aja-a 4 1
aja-isi-t 8 eond. 52 (et. ajaa)
aja-ksi 9 T (ef. aika)
aja-n 4 sl (ef. ajaa)
aja-n+jakso 13
aja-n+jak50-a 13 P
aja-n+kohta=inen 2
aja-n+tila=us 6
aja-nut 8 past ~et. pcp. (et. ajaa)
aja-t 13 pN (et. aika)
ajat=el-la 4 1
G-2
thought
thoughts, ideas
idea, thought
let's shave, we shave
driving
drove
1 drove
time, in time
in time, early
at times
they drove
drifting ice
lane
driver's lieense
vehicle
speed of a vehiele while driving
direetion of driving
aeademie
car battery
active
in the battery
field (of work), area (of speeialization)
begin
primary school, the first 6 grades
in the lobby
to a subordinate
subordinates
in the field of work
lowland
front door, door to the lobby
to nakedness
sale (i.e., price reduetion)
lower
on sale (at redueed price)
sale/price reduction
a pass for reduced fare
below, at the bottom
low
G-3
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ali+oike=ude-t 14 pN
alko 6 abbr. for alkaen
alka-a 2 1
alka-e-n 5 II Instr. (ef. alkaa)
alka-nut 4 past aet. pep. (ef. alkaa)
alkoholi 3
alkoholi-a 3 P
alkoholi+juom-i-en 5 pG (ef. juoma)
alkoholi-sta 5 El
alkoholi=ton 3
alkoholi=too-ta 3 P
alku+pala-t 3 pN
alku+ruoka-a 5 P
alku+ruok-i-a 5 pP (ef. ruoka)
alla+ole-va-t 7 pres. aet. pep. pN (ef. olla)
alle 7 adv. postpos.
alle+kirj=oitta-ma-an 9 111 II
(ef. kirjoittaa)
alle+kirj=oit=us 8
allerg=inen 3
almanakka 12
al=oitt-i 6 past s3 tr. (ef. aloittaa)
al=uee-lta 9 AbI (ef. alue)
al=u-ksi 11 T (ef. alku)
al=u-ssa 10 In (ef. alku)
alus+vaattee-t 6 pN (ef. vaate)
Amerika-ssa 1 10 (ef. Amerikka)
Amerikka 1
Amerikka-a 1 P
Amerikka-an 7 II
amerikka=lainen 4
amerikka=laise-t 6 pN (ef. amerikkalainen)
amerikka=lais-ta 6 P adj.
(ef. amerikkalainen)
ammatti+koulu 14
ammatti+oppi+lait=os 6
ammatti+tait=o-a 6 P
ammatti+yhd=ist=ys 14
lower courts
starting from
to begin, start
beginning, starting
began
aleohol
aleohol
alcoholic beverages
for aleoholj from/about aleohol
nonaleoholic
nona! eoho Ii e
appetizer
appetizer
appetizers
those below
under
to sign
signature
allergie
almanae
began
from the area
to begin with
in the beginning
underwear
in Ameriea
Ameriea
to America
American
Amerieans
Ameriean
trade school, vocational school
trade school, vocational school
craftsmanship, professional skill
trade union
G-4
ampuma+hiiht=o 10
animaatio+elo+kuva 2
anna 1 imperat. s2 (ef. antaa)
anne-ttu 9 past pass.pep. (ef. antaa)
anne-ttu-jen 8 pG past pass. pep. (ef. antaa)
anniskelu+oike=ude-t 5 pN (ef. oikeus)
(ef. antaa, annos)
anniskelu+oike=us 5
anopi-sta 10 El (ef. anoppi)
anoppi 10
anoppi-si 10 poss. suff.
anta-a 2 1
anta-kaa 7 imperat. p2 (ef. antaa)
anta-ma 8 111 (ef. antaa)
antee-ks
antee-ksi 2 T eolloq.
antee-ksi 2 T
ant=el=ias 1
anto-i 9 past 83 (ef. antaa)
ao 7 abbr. for asian+oma=ise-en II
(ef. asianomainen)
ape-lla-ni 10 Ad poss. suff. (ef. appi)
apostol-i-en 13 pG (ef. apostoli)
appelsiine-j-a 7 pP (ef. appelsiini)
appelsiini 7
appi 10
appi+vanhe-mpa-ni 10 eompar. poss. suff.
(cf. vanhellBDat)
apteekki 10
apteekki-in 10 II
apu 2
apu-a 2 P
apu-ja hoito+lis 14
apu+kaapeli-t 7 pN
Arabia-n 3 G
ark. 10 abbr. for arkisin
arki+piv=isin 7 adv.
ark=isin 2 adv
arki+pyh 13
my father-in-law (has)
apostles
oranges
orange
father-in-law
my parents-in-law
pharmaey
to the pharmaey
help
help
supplement for help and health eare
jumper tables
Arabia (trademark)
on weekdays
(on) weekdays
on weekdays
church holiday
G-S
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arkki+piispa 13
arkkitehti 12
arkkitehtuuri 12
armah=d=uks-i-a 14 pP (ei. armahdus)
armeija 1
armeija-ssa 1 ln
arva=a-pa-5 10 imperat. 52 (ef. arvata)
arv=ele-t 4 52 (ei. arvella)
arv=i=oi-minen 12 IV (ei. arvioida)
arvo+esine-i-st 5 pEI
arv=oit=us 10
arvo+paperi 5 N
arvo+sana 14
arvo-ssa 7 ln
arvo=st=el=u 9
arvo=st=el=u-t 9 pN
ase-i-sta 6 pEI
asema 12
asema+tunneli-n 13 G
ase=ta 5 imperat. s2 (ei. asettaa)
asetta-a (paikoilleen) 10 1
aset=us 14
asia 2
asia-a 2 P
asia=kas
6
asia=kkaa-n 6 G (ei. asiakas)
asia=kkaa-ni 6 poss. suii. (ei. asiakas)
asia=kka-i-den 6 pG (ef. asiakas)
asia=kka-i-sta-nne 6.pEI poss.suii.
( ei. as i aka s )
asia-n+aja=ja 14
asia-n+oma=ise-Ile 6 AI adj.
(ei. asianomainen)
asia-sta 1 El 4
asio-i-ta 10 pP (ei. asia)
aste 2
astee-n 11 G (ef. aste)
aste=iko-n 12 G (cf. asteikko)
archbishop .
arehitect
architeeture
pardon, amnesty
military iorees
in the military
guessl
think
appraisal, evaluation
valuables
riddle
stoek
degree, grade
in value
criticism, review
reviews, eritique
from arms
position, station
railway station tunnel
to place
to set
ordinance
errand, matter, aifair
matter, errands
client
client
my elient
clients
your elients
attorney
in question
from the matter, subject
matters
grade, degree
degree
(graduated) seale
G-6
aste-tta 8 P
aste+vaiht=el=u 2
asti 5
astia+kaappi 9
astia=sto-n 3 G/A
astia-t 10 pN
astu-u 13 s3(ef. astua)
asu 6
asu-a 2 1
asuin+huone=isto-n 9 G
asu=kkaa-t 9 pN (ef. asukas)
asumis+tuke-a 7 P (ef. tuki)
asumis+tuki 14
asu=muks-i-ssa 6 pln (ef. asumus)
asu-n 1 sl (ef. asua)
asu=nno-ksi 9 T (ef. asunto~
asu=nto 1
asu=nto-j-a 4 pP
asunto+vaunu 9
asunto+vaunu-n 9 G,
asu=ste-i-siin 6 pII
asuta 1 pres. pass. neg. stem. (ef. asua)
asu-tte-ko 1
p2 (ef. asua)
asu-tte-k-s = asutteko 1 p2 eolloq. (ef. asua)
ateisti 13
ateria 13
Atlanti-n valta+meri 12
auki 5 adv.
aula 5
aula-ssa 5 ln
auringo-n+pime=nn=ys 12
aurinko 4
auto 4
auto-a 7 P
auto+asema-lle 6 Al
degree
(consonant) gradation
until
ehina cabinet
set of dishes
dishes
steps, enters
outfit
to reside
apartment, aceommodation, livingquarters
residents, inhabitants
housing allowanee
housing subsidy
dwelling
1 live, reside
for lodging
place to live, dwelling, apartment
apartments
eamper, trailer
eamper
(ta) accessories
reside, live (negative)
do you live, reside
do you live
atheist
meal
the Atlantic Oeean
open
lobby
in the lobby
eclipse of the sun
the sun
car, automobile
car, automobile
to the taxi station
G-7
auto+huolto+asem-i-a 7 pP
auto=ile-va 13 pres. aet. pep. (ef. autoilla)
auto-i-sta 6 pEl
auto-j-a 6 pP
auto+juna 9
auto+korja=a=mo-j-a 7 pP
auto+lautta 8
auto+liikk=e-i-t 7 pP (ef. liike)
Auto+liitto r.y. 8
auto-lla Ad 4
auto-lla-ko 4 Ad
auto-lle 6 Al
auto-nsa 4 poss. suff.
auto+poruka-ssa 4 In (ef. porukka)
auto+porukka 4
auto+:rata 6
auto-sta 4 El
auto+talli 9
auto+turma 4
auto+vak=uut=ukse-n 9 G (et. vakuutus)
avaa 8 imperat. s2 (eL avata)
ava=a-ma-an 3 111 II (cf. avata)
ava=in 5
avar=uus 12
avas-i 6 past s3 (ef. avata)
avat=a 2 1
avat-kaa 2 imperat. p2 (et. avata)
avat-tu 10 past pass. pep. (et. avata)
ava=utu-u 7 s3 intr. (ef. avautua)
avio+liito-n 10 G (ef. liitto)
avio+liitto 10
avo=im-i-a 7 pP (ef. avoin)
avo=in-na 5 E adv.
avo+liito-ssa 10 In (ef. liitto)
avo+liitto 10
avo=naise-ssa 7 In adj. (ef. avonainen)
avo+takka 9
avo+tav=u 2
G-8
avo+terveyde-n+hoit=o 14 hoitaa)
avo+vesi 11
avustus+kasso-j-en 14 pG (ef. kassa)
(B)
baari 5
Bahai-yhdys+kunta 14
banaane-j-a 7 pP (ef. banaani)
banaani 7
baptisti 13
Baptisti + yhdys+kunta 14
basso 9
bensa+asema (ef. bensiini+) 7
bensa+asema-lla 7 Ad
bensiini 7
bussi 2
bussi-a 10 P
bussi-in 10 11
bussi+lippu 7
bussi-lla 4 Ad
bussi-ssa 7 In
bussi-sta 7 El
bysantti=lais-ta 12 P (ef. bysanttilainen)
bar
Bahai cOUDllunity
bananas
banana
baptist
Baptist Church
bass(o)
gas station
at the gas station
gasoline
bus
bus
onto the bus
bus tieket
by bus
in the bus
from the bus
Byzantine
(C)
to eentigrade
cocktail party
(D)
demokraatti=nen 14
desi+litra 7
desi+litra-n 7 G
dieetti 10
diplomaatti 1
diplomaatti+kunta 1
demoeratie
1/10 of a liter, approx. 1/2 cup
deciliter
diet
diplomat
diplomatic eorps
G-9
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
disko 9
disko-on 9 II
dollare-i-ta 5
dollari 5
pP (ef. dollari)
diseo
to a diseo
dollars
dollar
(E)
further t sti11
on the preeeding t previous
ahead
even
in front of
straight ahead
in front
liability
profitable t benefieial
eeonomieally
reasonable t eeonomical
Parliament ("Diet")
Parliament
Parliament
Parliament ("Diet")
Parliamentary groups
Parliament building
parlimentary eleetions
to represent
representatives
represented
"representative" apartment
with the eonditions
eandidate
eommunion (religious)
no
neither nor
don't saY!t oh nol
isn ' t7
nobody
G-IO
ei-k 2
ei-k 1
eilen 1 adv.
eil=inen 2 adj.
eil=ise-st 5 El adj. (ef. eilinen)
ei-vt-k 5 p3 neg. verb emph. suff.
eka = ensimminen 1 eolloq.
elo=isa 1
eksoott=is-i-lta 4 pAbl (ef. eksoottinen)
elatus+avu-n 14 G (ef. apu)
eli 7
elin+kaut=inen 14 adj.
elin+tarvi=kkee-t 6 pN (ef. tarvike)
elin+tarvike+osa=sto-a 7 P
elo+kuva 4
elo+kuva-t 4 pN
elo+kuva+teatteri 2
elo+kuv-i-in 9 pII (ef. kuva)
e1o+kuv-i-ssa 4 pln (ef. kuva)
elo+kuu 1
elo-n+korjuu+juhla 13
e1o-ssa 10 adv.
elim-i-st 9 pEl (ef. elin)
elin+kunta-aan 2 11
elin+lkri 10
elin+tarha-an 9 II
el=ke 10
el=ke=linen 9
elkel. 7 abbr. for elkeliset
el=ke=lis-i-lle 7 pAl (ef. elkelinen)
elke1is+tunni-t 10 pN (ef. tunti)
el=kkee-ll 10 Ad (ef. elke)
el-v-ksi+teke-v-n 13 pres. aet. pep. G
(cf. tehd)
el-vt 10 p3 (ef. el)
e-mme 1 pl neg. verb
e-mme-k 4 pl
and not
isn't?
yesterday
yesterday
from yesterday
and not
first
vibrant
exotie
help toward support, ehild support
or, in other words
life sentenee
foodstuff, neeessities
food department
movie
movies
movie theater
(to) the movies
at the movies
August
harvest feast
alive
about animals
to the animal kingdom
veterinarian
(to the) zoo
pension
pensioner, retired person
the retired people
(to/for) retirees, pensioners
lessons for senior citizens
on pension
life giving
live
we don't
don't we?
G-ll
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
1 don't (didn't)
hostess
1 don't
majority
more
in English
English
English-speaking people
(from/about) English (England)
England
English
English
mostly, for the most part
maximum, at the most
an advanee
without prejudice
before
betore
foretold, foreeasted
to prediet
maternal unele
next
first-aid station
at first
the first
first [Adess.]
(from the) first
first
as the first
(in the) first
first
first
first
primarily
former
what about
what
G-12
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
en 1
ep+itse=ks 1
ep+kunno-ssa 7 1n (cf. kunto)
ep+tasa=inen 6
eri=koinen 1
eri=koise-Ita 3 AbI (ef. erikoinen)
eri=koise=sti 5
erikois+herkku 5
erikois+merke-i-st 7 pEI (ef. merkki)
erikois+merkke-j- 7 pP (eL merkki)
erikois+pika+juna 9
erikois+ruoka 5
eri=kois-ta l P (ef. erikoinen)
erikois+tarjo=ukse-t 6 pN (ef. tarjous)
eri-kse-en 7 adv.
eri+laaj=uis-ta 14 P (ef. laajuinen)
eri=lais-ten. 14 pG
erin+oma=inen 3
erin+oma=ise-Ita 3 AbI (ef. erinomainen)
erin+oma=is-ta 5 P (ef. erinomainen)
eri=t=el-Iy-n 5 past act. pcp G
eri=tt=ele-e 12 s3 (cf. eritell)
eri=ttin 10 adv.
eri=tyise=sti 6
erityis+lapsi+lis 14
erityis+ruok-i-a 13 pP (ef. ruoka)
eri+vapa=uks-i-a 14 pP (ef. vapaus)
ero 8
eron-ne-i-ta 10 past aet. pep. pP (ef. erota)
erot=a 10 1 intr.
Ero=tta=ja-Ile 7 AI
ero=te-ttu tr. 13 past pass. pep.
(eL erottaa)
er 6
ers 6
esi+is 10
esi+kaupunki 9
esi=koinen 10
esi+koulu 14
no more
unselfish
out of working order, in disorder
uneven
special
different, strange
especially, in particular
special delicacy
(from/for) special stamp
special stamps
special express train
special dish
special
special offer
separately
different size
various kinds
exeellent
exeel1ent
exeellent
itemized
analyzes
exeeedingly, especially
especial1y
special ehild supplement
special (food) dishes
exemption, immunity
differenee, divoree
divorced
divoree
(ta) Erottaja (place name)
separated
eonsignment
a eertain
ancestor
suburb
firstborn
presehool
G-13
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
esi-ll 6 Ad adv.
esim. abbr. for esi+merki-ksi 4 T
esi=ne 10
esi=t=el-l 1 1
esi=t=el-ln 2 pres. pass. (ef. esitell)
esi=te-tn 9 pres. pass. (ef. esitt)
esi=tt=ee-seen 14 II (ef. esite)
esi=tt=e-i-t 10 pP (ef. esite)
esittely+lehti=se-t 7 pN (ef. lehtinen)
esi=tt- 9 1
esi=t=ykse-st 9 El (ef. esitys)
esi=t=ykse-t 14 pN
esi+valinta+puh=el=u-t 5 pN
esi+vanhe-mpa-si 10 eompar. poss. suff.
(cf. vanhenmat)
espanja 4
este+juoks=u 10
ete-en 6 II (G)+postpos.
eteen+pin 2
ete=inen 9
eteis+aula 2
etel 11
etel=inen j+meri 12
etel-mp-n 12 E eompar.
etel+napa . 12
etel+osa-t 6 pN
Etel+satama-an 7 II
et-hn 3
etikka+silako-i-ta 5 pP (et. silakka)
et-k 2 s2
etsi-mme 4 past p1 (ef. etsi)
etsi-m-ss 4 111 ln (et. etsi)
etsi-ru-n 4 111 II (ef. etsi)
etsi-tn 4 pres. pass. (ef. etsi)
etsi- 4 1
ets=etk sin 4 neg.eolloq.
ett 3 eonj.
etu+ajo+oike=us 8
to present
for example
objeet
to introduee
is introdueed
is pertormed
leaflet, publieation
leaflets
broehure
. to present
performanee
proposals
long distanee eall
your aneestors
Spanish (language)
obstaele raee
in front
(to) ahead
hall, toyer
lobby
south
Antaretie Oeean
further south
the South Pole
southern ,parts
Southern Harbor
(you) don't (emphatie)
marinated herring
don't you?
we look(ed) for
looking for
to look tor
is being looked for/we are looking for
to look tor, to seareh
don't you?
that
right of way
G-14
right of way
Etu-Tl (section of Helsinki)
from the distance
Europe's
Europe
to Europe
Evangelic-Lutheran
colonel
colonel's
(F)
jeans
Master of Arts
film
firm
firm, company
by blow drying
(G)
generaattori 7
generaattori-ssa 7 In
gini 3
gini- 3 P
grafHkka-a 9 P
g:lta 7 abbr. for gramma-lta
graavi+lohi 5
gramma 7
greippi 7
generator
in the generator
gin
gin
graphics
per gram
salted salmon
gram
grapefruit
(H)
haalari-t 6 pN
haara+tehtaa-na 6 E (cf. tehdas)
Haarikka+kellari-ssa 9 1n
bib overalls
as a branch factory
Haarikka "Kellari" (rathskel1er)
G-15
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
haarukka 3
haasta-a oike=ute-en 14 1 11
haaste-taan 14 pres.pass. (et. haastaa)
haaste-ttiin 14 past pass.(et. haastaa)
haava-t 10 pN
hais-i 9 past s3 (et. haista) intr.
haj=ot=utta-a 14 1
haju-a 9 P
Haka+nieme-n 7 G (et. niemi)
hake-a 9 1
hake-ma-an 9 111 II (hakea)
halk=aisi=ja-sta 12 El
halla 11
halle-i-hin 10 pII (et. halli)
hal1into+el=ime-t 14 pN (cf. elin)
hallit=ukse-n 14 G (et. hallitus)
hallit=us 14
hallitus+jrje=st=el=m 14
hallitus+neuvo=s 13
haloo 5
halpa 6
halua 4 neg.stem (et. haluta)
halua-a 2 53 (et. haluta)
halua-isi-n 3 condit. 81 (et. haluta)
halua-isi-tte 3 cond. p2 (et. haluta)
halua-isi-tte-ko 3 cond. p2 (et. haluta)
halua-tte-ko 3 p2 (et. haluta)
halu=kas 9
halut=a 2 1
halu-taan 9 pres. pass.
halva-lla 5 Ad (et. halpa)
halva=us 10
halve=mma-ksi 8 eompar.T (et. palvempi)
hame 6
hame-tta 6 P
hammas 10
hammas+lkri 10
hammas+lkri-ss 10 In
hammas+srk=y 10 srke)
tork
to sue a person tor something
is sued
was sued, summoned
wounds
smel1ed
to have dispersed, dissolved
smel1
proper name
to teteh
to feteh
diameter
killing trost in summer
to the halls
administrative organ
government, eabinet
government, eabinet
system ot government
honorary title tor an administrator
hello (on the phone)
cheap
does not want
wants
1 would like
you would like
would you like, want
do you like, want
willing
to want
one want5
eheaply
stroke, paralysis
cheaper
skirt
skirt
tooth
dentist
at the'dentist
toothaehe
G-16
hammas-ta 10 P
hammas-ta-ni 10 P poss. suff.
hamsteri 7
hanki 1
hankki-ma-an 10 111 II (ef. hankkia)
hankki-nut 10 past aet. pep. (ef. hankkia)
hansikas 6
hapan+limppu 7
harja 8
harj=oitt=eli=ja-t 10 pN
harj=oitt=el=u 10
harj=oitt=el=u-n 10 G
harj=oit=us 2
harju 12
harkit-e-n 14 II Instr. (ef. harkita)
harmaa 4
harrnah=ta-va 6 pres. aet. pep. harmahtaa)
harras 13
harras=ta-a 10
harras=ta-vat 10 p3 (ef. harrastaa)
harras=t=uks-i-i-ni 7 pII poss. suff.
(ef. harrastus)
harva 6
harve-mm-i-n 7 eornpar. pInstr. adv.
harvo=in 2 adv. harva)
hattu 6
hattu-a-nne 5 P poss. suff.
haudo-i-l1e 13 pAlo (ef. hauta)
haudo-taan 8 pres. pass. (ef. hautoa)
hauke-a 7 P (ef. hauki)
hauki 7
hauk=otta-a 4 1 tr.
hauk=otta-a-ko 4 tr.
hauk=ot=ut-a 4 1 tr. neg. stern
(ef. haukotuttaa)
hauska 3
hauska-a 1 P
hauska-sta 3 El
tooth
my tooth
harnster, hoarder
erust of snow
to get, aequire
gotten, aequired
love
sour (dough) bread
brush
trainees
training
training
drill, exereise
ridge
earefully, with forethought
gray
grayish
warm, devoted, fervent
to pursue, have as a hobby
be interested, have as a hobby
to my hobbies
few, thinly spaeed
(more) seldom
seldom
hat
your hat
(to the) grave
is softened (bathed) in hot water
pike
pike
to feel like yawning
do you feel like yawning7
to feel like yawning
fun, niee
niee, fun
niee
G-17
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
to the funeral
eemetaries, graveyard(s)
to notiee
they
fruit
fruit
hi
Heikki's (proper name)
weak
weak
tribe
July
to them
one throws, let's throw
to throw
range, stove
hot weather
. hot (weather)
to ease off
Whitsunday
Pentaeostal Church
tender
February
easy
for Helsinki dwellers
Helsinki's
in Helsinki
into Helsinki
person, ghost, spirit
person, (life)
spirit, person (life)
person
for person
in the windpipe/traehea
in Hebrew
delieacies
delicatessen
sensitive
herku=llinen 3
herku=llise-lta 3 AbI (ef. herkullinen)
herku=llis-ta 3 P (ef. herkullinen)
hermo+taudi-t 10 pN (ef. tauti)
herne 7
herra 1
herra-han
herra-lIe 4 Al
herras+mies 5
hern-nyt 6 past aet. pep. (ef. hert)
hertys+kello-n. 6 G
hert= 11 1 intr.
Hesa-n=Helsingin 2 G eolloq.
heti 6
hetke-ll 10 Ad (ef. hetki)
hetki 5
hetki=nen 5
hidas 4
hidas-ta 7 P
hiek=oitta-a 11 1 hiekka)
hiek=oite-ttu 11 past pass. pep.
(ef. hiekottaa)
hieman 6 adv.
hieno 2
hieno-j-a 6 pP
hieno=sti-han 4 adv. emph.
hiero=nta 5
hiero=nta-a 6 P
hiha 6
hiiht=o 10
hiiht=o-a 10 P
hiihto+keli-t 11 pN
hiihto+keli+tied=ot=us 11 N
hiihto+keng-t 6 pN (ef. kenk)
hiihto+koulu 9
hiihto+koulu-un 9 II
hiihto+maja 9
hiihto+maja-n 9 G
delicious
delicious
delicious
nervous diseases
pea
Mr.
the gentleman
to the gentleman
gentleman
woken
alarm cloek
to wake up
of Helsinki
at onee
at the moment
moment
moment
slow
slow
to sand
sanded
a bit
fine
fine
fine, well
massage
massage
sleeve
skiing
skiing
ski eondition
foreeast of skiing eonditions
ski boots
ski school
to ski school
ski lodge, eabin, hut
ski lodge, eabin, hut
G-19
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
hiihto+maja-t 9 pN
hiihto+matka 9
hiihto+matka-n 9 G
hiihto+puku 6
hiiht -mise-en 10 IV II (ef. hiiht)
hiiht-mise-n 10 IV G (ef. hiiht)
hiiht-mis-t 10 IV P (ef. hiiht)
hiiht- 10 1
hiippa+kunta 3
hiko=il-laan 8 pres. pass. (ef. hikoilla)
hilja-a 2 P
hilja=inen viikko 13
hilja=is-ta 13 P (ef. hiljainen)
hilja=is=uus 2
hilli-tty 1 past pass. pep. (ef. hillit)
himo+leip=o=ja 7
hinaus+auto 7
hinaus+auto-j-a 7 pP
hinaus+auto-n 7 G
hinta 4
hinta-an 5 11
hio=sta-va 11 pres. aet. pep. (ef. hiostaa)
hirmu+myrsky 11
hissi 2
hissi- 2 P
historia=llinen 12
hitaa-mm-i-n 2 eompar. plnstr. adv. hidas)
hitaa-sta 6 El (ef. hidas)
hiukan 10 adv.
hiukse-ni 6 poss. suff. (ef. hius)
hiukse-t 6 pN (ef. hius)
hius 6
hius+harja 6
hius+harjo-j-a 6 pP (ef. harja)
hius+lis-i- 6 pP (ef. lis)
hius+vesi 6
hius+ve-tt 6 P (ef. vesi)
hius+void=e 6
G-20
hius+void=e-tta 6 P
HKL:n 7 G Helsingi-n kaupungi-n
liikenne+laitokse-n (ef. laitos)
hoida-tte-ko 9 p2 (ef. hoitaa)
hoita-a 5 1
hoito+aine 6
hoito+aine-tta 6 P
hoito+tue-t 14 pN (ef. tuki)
holho=o=ja 14 holhota)
horisontti 13
horoskooppi-in 1 II
horoskooppi+merki-lt-n 4
AbI poss. suff.
hotelli 1
hotelli-ssa 1. In
housu-n+kaul=us 6
housu-t 6 pN
hovi+oike=us 14
huhl 8 exelamation
huhti+kuu 1
huhti+kuu-ssa 9 In
huivi 6
hukku-minen 10 IV (ef. hukkua)
hullu 8
hullu-mpi 9 eompar. (ei hullumpi)
hum. kand 14 abbr. for
humanististen tieteiden kandidaatti
humppa+jumppa 10
humpuuki-a 1 P
huole=llinen 1
huole-n 9 G (ef. huoli)
huole=ton 1
huoli 6 neg. stem (ef. huolia)
huol-ta 9P pit huolta
huol=ta=ja 14
huol=ta=ja-n 14 G
huol=ta=mo 7
huolto+asem-i-a 7 pP
hair eream
Helsinki City Traffie Department
do you take eare of ... 7
to take eare of
eonditioner
eonditioner
nursing subsidy
guardian (legal)
horizon
in(to) horoseope
by horoseope sign
hotel
in ahotel
trouser waist
pants, trousers
appellate eourt
whewl
April
in April
searf
drowning
a erazy person
(it's) not too bad
Baehelor of Arts
exereising to danee musie
humbug
eareful
eare
. carefree
to eare (to have)
to take eare
guardian, earetaker
guardian, earetaker
serviee station
serviee stations
G-21
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
welfare institutions
ootiee
tomorrow
moroiog
attention. observatioo
from tomorrow
about tomorrow evening
room
room
in the room
in the rooms
in our rooms
apartmeot
a flat
an apartmeot
furoiture department
furniture
room serviee
extra eharge tor room serviee
poor, bad
goes
ooe rinses
rinse
to riose
rinse
amusements
for (his) fuo
amusemeots
to amuse (oneself)
hygieoe
wall system (shelves)
smiliog
well
(even) very
in plenty ot time
good
good
good
G-22
hyv-ll 6 Ad
hyv-it 1 Abi
hyv=nen 6 dim. (h.aika)
hyv-n+laatu=inen 6 adj.
hyv-n+nk=inen 6
hyv-ns 8 poss. suff. (mit h.)
hyv-n+teke-v=is=yyte-en 8 II
hyv-n+tuul=inen 1
hyv=sti l
hyv-st 4 El
hyv-t 8 pN
hyv- 1 P
hyv--hn 1 P emph.
hly=tt=ime-n 8 G (ef. hlytin)
hly=t=ys 8
hlytys+merki-n 8 G (cf. merkki)
hir=itse 5 neg. stern (ef. hirit)
hir=itse-n 4 sl (cf. hirit)
hir=itse-n-k 5 sl (ef. hirit)
hirit= 4 1
hivy-tn 4 pres. pass. (ef. hipy)
hlytys+numero 10
Hmee-n+tie-lle 7 A1
hmr- 13 P
hn 1
hn-hn 14 emph.
hne-en 1 II (ef. hn)
hne-lle 1 2 A1 (ef. hn)
hne-ll 4 Ad (ef. hn)
hne-lt 2 AbI. (ef. hn)
hne-n 4 G (ef. hn)
hne-st 4 El (ef. hn)
hne-t 1 sA (ef. hn)
hn-t 4 P
hrk 1
ht+puh=el=u-j-a 8 pP
hvit=ys 13
h-t 10 pN
good
good
goodness graeiousl, dear mel
good quali ty
goodlooking
whatsoever
to eharity
good tempered
good-bye
good
good
good
good
alarm
alarm
alarm signal
disburb
1 disturb
am 1 disturbing
to disturb
one disappears, 'let's disappear'
emergeney number
to Hmeentie
twilight, obseure, dusky
he, she
he/she even
hirn, her
to her/him
she/he has
from him/her
his, her
in his/her opinion
hirn, her
hirn, her
Taurus, bull
ernergeney eall
distruetion
wedding
G-23
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hlkk 10
hlkk- 10 P
hlkk=-minen 10 IV (ef. hlkt)
hlkk=-mis-t 10 IV P (ef. hlkt)
hlkk=-m-n 10 111 IL (ef. hlkt)
hlkt= 10 1
hyry 8
jogging
jogging
jogging
jogging
to jog
to jog
steam
(1)
idealist=inen 1
ide-mp-n 12 eompar. E (ef. it)
ihan 8 adv.
ikkuna 2
ik=uis=uute-en 2 II
ik=inen 14 adj.
ik=is-i-n 14 pE (G+) (ef. ikinen)
ik+raja 9
ik=v-i-en 7 pG (ef. ikv)
ik=v-i- 4 pP (ef. ikv)
ik=v 4
ik=v- 1 P
illa-lla 2 Ad (ef. ilta)
illa=llinen 5
illa-sta 3 El (ef. ilta)
ilma 4
ilma=is-taan 5 pres. pass.
ilma+kirj=e 7
ilma+kirj=ee-t 7 pN
ilman 7 prepos(+P)
ilma-n+pain=e 7
ilma-n+suunna-ssa 11 In (et. suunta)
ilma-n+suunta 11
ilma+pallo-i-ne-en 13 p
Comit. poss. sutt.
ilma===sto 11
ilma=st=oi=nti 11
iJma+tietee-n+lait=os 11
idealistie
farther east
quite
window
to eternity
age
at the age af
age limit
boring t unpleasant
boring t unpleasant
boring t unpleasant
boring t unpleasant
in the evening
supper
evening
weather
is expressed
aerogramme
aerogrammes
without
air pressure
(in) the direetion of
direetion
with their balloons
elimate
air eonditioning
weather bureau
G-24
ilma+virta=us 11
ilma+voima-t 1 pN
ilma+voim-i-ssa 1 pIn (ef. voima)
ilma=ukse-nsa 6 poss. suff. (ef. ilmaus)
ilmest=ys 13 (Marian)
ilmest=y-v-t 7 pres. aet. pep. pN
(el. ilmesty)
ilm=i-t 12 P
ilm=oit-a 5 imperat. s2 (ef. ilmoittaa)
ilm=oite-taan 13 pres. pass. (ef. ilmoittaa)
ilm=oitta=utu-minen 10 IV (ef. ilmoittautua)
ilm=oitta=utu-mise-t 10 IV pN
(ef. ilmoittautua)
ilm=oit=ukse-e-si 9 Ilposs. suff.
(ef. ilmoitus)
ilm=oit=ukse-n 9 G (ef. ilmoitus)
ilm=oit=us 9
ilm=oit=us-ta 5 P (ef. ilmoitus)
ilo 13
ilo-a 9 P
ilta-a 1 P
ilta-an 11 Il
ilta=isin 9 adv.
ilta+ny=t=kse-en 9 II (ef. nyts)
ilta-na 4 E
ilta+ny=t=s 9
ilta+lehti 2
ilta+pala 9
ilta+pala+kortti 9
ilta+puku 6
ilta+satu 2
impressionisti+mestare-i-den 9 pG
(ef. mestari)
into+himo=inen 1
inval. 7 abbr. for invalidi-t
invalide-i-lle 7 pAl (ef. invalidi)
Iran-i-ssa 4 In (ef. Iran)
isi 7 child language for is
air flow
air foree
in the air foree
his/hers/its expression
Annunciation, revelation, V1S10n
published, issued (lit., appearing)
phenomenon
to announce, inform
is announced
registration, enrolling
registering, enrolling
to your ad
announcement, ad
ad, announeement
announcement
joy
joy
evening
(until) evening
in the evenings
for the evening performance
night
evening performance
evening paper
light supper
ticket for a light supper
evening dress
bedtime story
impressionist masters
passionate
disabled persons
for the disabled persons
in Iran
daddy
G-25
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
fathers I
Islamie eongregation
big, grand
grandfather
for bigger
smallpox vaeeination
grandparents
grandmother
to fit, to sit
sit (down)
tosit
seating order
session
one sits
paternity leave
study
host
stepfather
Italian
mosquito
mosquitos
he teIt like erying
erying
selt
also (your) self
independent
to you yourself
Independenee Day
self-serviee
stubborn
eastern
eastern
Oriental
Baltie Sea
Eastern Freeway (lit., ehannel)
G-26
(J)
ja 1 eonj.
jae-taan 7 pres. pass. (ef. jakaa)
jae-ttu 7 past pass. pep. (ef. jakaa)
jaffa-a 3 P
jaka-a 10 s3
jaka=u=ma 14
jaka=us 6
jak=el=u-n 7 G
jak=elu+osoite 7
jakkara 9
jaksa-a 1 s3
jala-lle 10 Al (ei. jalka)
jala-n 4 instr. (ef. jalka)
jala-n+sija-a 12 P (ef. jalka)
jalka 4
jalka-a-ni 10 P poss. suff.
jalka+hofto-a 6 P
jalka+lamppu 9
jalka+pall 10
jalka+pallo+koulu 10
jano 3
jano-n 13 G
jarru 7
jarru-i-ssa 7 pln
jarru-t 7 pN
jatk=u-a 11 intr. 1
jatk=u-u 11 s3 (ef. jatkua)
jauh=o-t 7 pN
Jeesukse-n 13 G (ef. Jeesus)
Jehova-n 13 G
jne 1 abbr. for ja niin edelleen
jo 3
Johannes Kasta-ja 13
jo-hon-kin 9 II indef. pron. (ef. joka)
johta=ja 1
joht=o 9
and
divided, shared, apportioned
divided, shared, apportioned
orange (soda) (brand name)
divides
distribution
parting (hair)
delivery
delivery address (= street address)
footstool
get along (feel)
to the foot, leg
on foot
foothold
foot
my foot, leg
foot care
floor lamp
soceer, footbali
soecer lessons
thirst
thirst
brake
in the brakes
brakes
to eontinue
eontinues
flour
Jesus
Jehovah
and so forth
already
John the Baptist
(in)to some
direetor
leadership, eord
G-27
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
sometimes
only
where, in which
about that
that
something
if
G-28
of something
so that
somewhat
that, whieh
some(one)
so that, in order that
must 1 go?
to fall into, be eaught in
to speed up
Christmas joy
Deeember
Christmas tree
Christmas
at Christmas
Santa Claus
Christmas tarts
Sagittarius, Areher
flexible
elastieity
ean be spared
must (go) (lit., to fall into the necessity of)
to be eaught
had to, must
at Midsummer
Midsummer
on Midsummer eve
festive proeession, parade
through the main door
in the banquet hall
on church holidays
holiday
eelebrated
poster
(has) published
publieations
(was) published
publie
G-29
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
jumala-n+palv=el=uks-i-a 13 pP
(et. palvelus)
jumppa 10 eolloq.
juna 4
juna-an 9 11
juna-Ha 4 Ad
juna+onne=ttom=uus 4
juna-sta 9 El
jun-i-in 9 pII (et. juna)
juo 3 s3 (et. juoda)
juo 3 neg. stern (et. juoda)
juo-da 3 1
juo-daan 8 pres. pass. (et. juoda)
juokse-e 3 s3 (et. juosta)
juokse-minen 10 IV (et. juosta)
juoks=u 10
juoks=utt-i 11 past s3 tr. (et. juoksuttaa)
juo=ma 3
juo=ma-a 3 P
juoma+raha 5
juo-ma-ssa 4 111 In (et. juoda)
juo-ma-sta 4 111 El (et. juoda)
juo=ma-t 5 pN
juo-minen 3 IV (et. juoda)
juo-mis-ta 3 IV P (et. juoda)
juo-n 3 sl (et. juoda)
juos-ta 10 1
juo-tte-ko 3 p2 (et. juoda)
juure-t 10 pN (et. juuri)
juuri 9 adv.
juuri 10
juuri+hoid=o-n 10 G (et. hoito)
juuri+hoit=o 10
juusto 5
juusto-t 5 pN
juusto+hyl 3
juusto+peruna+vuoka-a 5 P
juutalaise-t 13 pN (ei. juutalainen)
religious serviees
gYmnasties
train
(on)to the train
by train
train aeeident
trom the train
(to) (tor) the trains
drinks
don't drink
to drink
let's drink, one drinks
runs
running
run
(snow) dritted
a drink
drink
tip
to drink
drink
drinks
drink
(aome) drink
1 drink
to run
do you drink?
roots
just, precisely
root
root-eanal treatment
root-eanal treatment
eheese
eheeses
eheese eutter
eheese-potato easserole
the Jews
G-30
jyri=n 11
jyt+jumppa 10
jyt+jurnppa-a 10 P
j-i 10 past s3 (ef. jd)
j-i-hin 3 pII (ef. j)
j-i-t 3 pP (ef. j)
jlje-ss 2 In (ef. jlki)
jlke-en 2 II (G+) postposit. (ef. jlki)
jlke=inen 13 adj.
jlke=ise-n 7 adj. E
jlki+kapitalist=ise-n 12 G
(ef. kapitalistinen)
jlki+ruoka 3
jlki+ruoka-a 5 P
jlki+ruoka-na 5 E
jlki+ruok-i-a 5 pP (ef. ruoka)
jlki+tarka=st=ukse-en 10 II (ef. tarkastus)
jlki+te=o=llise-n 12 G
(ef. teollinen; < tehd)
jnnitys+filmi 4
jnn 3 eolloq.
jnn=ri 4 eolloq.
jrje=st=el=m-n 13 II
jrje=ste-tn 9 pres. pass. (ef. jrjest)
jrje=st-i 12 past s3 (ef. jrjest)
jrjestys+luvu-t 1 pN (ef. luku)
jrje=st- 14 1
jrje=st- 10 s3
jrve-en 8 II (ef. jrvi)
jrvi 12
jrv-i-ll 10 pAd
jsen 12
jsen-i- 13 pP
jsen:;:yys 13
jte-tty 5 past pass. pep. (ef. jtt)
jte-tn 6 pres. pass." (ef. jtt)
jtti+parketi-lle 9 Al (ef. parketti)
jtt- 6 1 tr.
rumble (thunder)
gYmOasties with the musie
gymnasties aeeompanied by musie
stayed, went
into iee
iee(s)
slow (behind)
after
later, after, subsequent
subsequent, after
post eapitalistie
(after-food) dessert
(after-food) dessert
as a dessert
desserts
follow-up, eheekup
post-industrial
thriller (fiim)
interesting
thriller
system
is being organized
organized
ordinal numbers
to organize
organizes
(in)to the lake
lake
on lakes
member
members, limbs
membership
left
is left
to a gigantie parquet (floor)
to leave
G-31
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
jtt= 5
j 3
j 8 imperat. 52 (ef. jd)
j-d 7 1 intr.
j-d el=kkee-lle 10 Al
j=hdy=t=el-Io 8 pres. pass.
(ef. jhdytell)
j:::hdy=t=in 7
j:::hdy:::tt=ime-n 7 G (ef. jhdytin)
j:::hdy=tt=ime-s5 7 10 (ef. jhdytin)
j=hty-y 3 83 (ef. jhty)
j=hty- 3 1
j=h=y-lle 8 Al
j=h=y-ll 8 Ad
j+kiekko 10
j+kylm-n 8 11
j+meri 12
j-n+murta=ja 11
j-n+murta=j-i-a 11 pP
j-n+srki=j 11
jtel 3
jtel- 3 P
j=t=ikk 12
j=ty- 11 1
j+vede-st 5 El (ef. vesi)
drop, leaving
iee
to stay, to remain
to remain, to stay
to retire
one is cooling off
eooler, radiator
eooler, radiator
in the radiator
gets eold
to cool off
eooling off (to eool off)
(when) cooling off
ice hockey
ice cold
Artie Oeean
ice breaker
ice breakers
ice breaker
ice creamice cream
glacier
to freeze
for ice water
(K)
died
1 fell
southeast
the darkness of winter (in Lappland)
wall-system
eupboard
gas
gas company
earburetor
G-32
in the carburetor
gas water-heater
to fall (be killed in the war)
Memorial Day
fallen, killed in the war
falls
formula, pattern
form
(to the) form
(from the) form
diagram
of the street
bit of a street
eight
at eight o'eloek
eighth
for two
eight
for two
at two o'eloek
at two o'eloek
at twelve o'eloek
two
from two
twelfth
eight
twenty five
to two
coffee
eoffee
eafe
refreshments ear
eoffee bread
to eoffee
eoffee
eoffee shop
G-33
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kahvi+pannu 3
kahvi-sta 3 El
kahvi+tauko 2
kai 2
kaik-i-lla 14 p Ad (ef. kaikki)
kaik-i-n 3
pInstr. (ef. kaikki)
kaiki-ssa 5 1n (et. kaikki)
kaikki 5 s+p
kaikki-en 4 pG
kaikki-in 7 II
kaikki-na 13 E
kaikki+valtiaa-n 14 G (et. k-valtias)
kaima 10
kaiva-a 12 1
kaive-ttu 12 past pass. pep. (et. kaivaa)
kaiutin+auto-sta 8 El
kakko=nen 2
kakku 3
kakku-a 3 P
kakku+lapio 3
kaksi 1
kaksi+kerro=ks=ise-lla 7 Ad
kaksi+kerro=ks=inen 9
kaksi+kymmen-t
kaksi+kymmen-t+viisi 2
kaksi+kymmen-t+yhdeksn 1
kaks=io 9
kaksi+toista 1
kaksois+kirkko+pyh-i- 13 pP (et. pyh)
kakso=se-t 1 pN (et. kaksonen)
kala 1
kala-a 3 P
kala+halli-ssa 7 In
kala+herku-t 5 pN (ef. herkku)
kala-11e 3 Al
kala+ruoka-a 5 P
kalastaja+torppa 5 N
kala-t 1 pN
eoffeepot
eoffee
eotfee break
perhaps, very likely
a11
a11
in a11
a11
a11
(in)to a11
in a11
Almighty
namesake
dig
dug
publie-address vehiele
number two
eake
eake
eake spatula
two
double deeker, two-story
double deeker, two-story
twenty
twenty-five
twenty-nine
two-room apartment
twelve
double church holidays
Gemini, twins
fish, Pisees
fish
in the indoor tish market
fish delieacies
to fish
fish dish
fisherman's cottage
Pisees (fish - plural)
G-34
fish products
calendar
Kalevala's (Finnish national epic)
beer
. ba1d
most expensive
into the roek
expensive
pa1e
unfurnished
unfurnished
furnished
terrib1e, dreadful
terrible, dreadful
chamber ensemble
to eomb
comb
hair-dresser
beauty salon
set (hair)
set (hair)
setting lotion
setting lotion
(English) Channe1
Canadian
canal
material (eloth)
materia1, fabrie
fabries
isthmus
are delivered
piteher
nation
international
international
international
citizen
international
G-35
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
kansalais+luotta=mus-ta 14 P
kansalais+tait=o 14
kansa=llinen 5 adj.
kansa=llise-t 5 pN (et. kansallinen)
kansa=llis-i-a 5 pP (et. kansallinen)
kansallis+laulu 14
kansallis+museo 2
Kansallis+osake+pankki 8
kansallis+romantt=is-ta 12 P
(et. romanttinen)
Kansallis+teatteri 9
Kansallis+teatteri-n 9 G
kansa-n 6 G
kansa-n+edu=sta=ja 14
kansa-n+edu=sta=ja-a 14 P
kansa-n+edu=sta=ja-i-n 13 pG
kansa-n+el=ke 14
kansa-n+elke+lait=os 14
kansa-n+el=kkee-st 10 El (ef. elke)
kansa-n+puol=ue 14
kansa-n+tanssi 10
Kansas-i-sta 1 El
kansi 3
kanssa 1 (G+) postposit.
kanta=ja 5
kanta=ja-n 5 A
kanta=j-i-a 5 pP (ef. kantaja)
kanta+kaupungi-sta 9 El (et. kaupunki)
kanta-mis-ta 5 IV P (ef. kantaa)
kanta=utu-nut 12 past aet. pep. intr.
(cf. kantautua)
kanto+liina 5
kanto+liina-lle 5 Al
kanttori 13
kapea 6
kappa-a 7 pP
kappale 2
kappeli 12
eivil rights
eivies
national
national
national
national hymn/anthem
national museum
National (Share) Bank (not the Bank ot Finland)
nationalistie, romantie (historieal style)
National Theater
National Theater
nation, the people
member of parliament
member of parliament
(of) members of parliament
social seeuri ty
soeial seeurity administration
social seeurity
folk party
folk danee
from Kansas
lid
with
porter
porter
porters
(from) the old eity
carrying
he earried, reaeh
carrying eloth
to the 'earrying eloth'
cantor, musie direetor ot a parish
narrow
peek
paragraph, pieee
chapel
G-36
kapteeni 1
karaati-sta 6 El (ef. karaatti)
karaatti-in 6 II
Karjala-n 3 G
karja1a-n+paisti 5
karjala-n+paisti-a 5 P
karpalo 7
karpalo + jdyke 5 N
karpa1o+kiisse1i 5 N
karta-sta 8 El (ef. kartta)
kartonki 5
kartta 2
kartta-a 8 P
kartta-e-n 12 II Instr.
(et. karttaa)
kartt=u-va 6 pres. aet. pep. (ef. karttua)
kartt=u-va-a 6 pres. aet. pep. P (et. karttua)
'karva 6
kassa 6.
kassa+leima 6
kassa+neiti 6
kasta-a 13 1
kast=e 13
kaste+toimi=t~us
13
kastike 5
kastike+astia 3
kastike+malja 3
kastikkee-seen 5 11
kasva-neet 6 past aet. pep. intr. (ef. kasvaa)
kasvatus+lapsi 10
kasve-j-a 11 pP (et. kasvi)
kasvi+kunta-an 11 2
kasvi+maa 9
kasvo+hoit=o-a 6 P
kata-mme 6 pl (et. kattaa)
kate-ttu 3 past pass. pep. (ef. kattaa)
katk=aisi=ja 9
katk=ais=in 9
Captain (military)
from earat
to carat
Karelia
Karelian roast
Karelian roast
cranberry
eranberry parfait
eranberry pudding
(from the) map
earton
map
map
avoiding, shunning
aeeumulating
accumulating
hair (animal)
eashier
easbier's stamp
cashier (female)
to baptize
baptism
(ceremony of) baptism
sauee
sauee boat
sauce boat
for sauee (into)
grown
foster child
p1ants
vegetab1e
vegetable garden
faeia1 treatment
we cover
set, layed
switch
switch
G-37
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
1 diseonneeted
broken
1 looked
Catholic
Catholie
1 watehed
to wateh
lookl
to look (at)
1 looked at
would you look?
to look
to look
as seen by him/her
looks
sauce pan
boiler room
street
far
long (time)
for how long?
for how long?
far
dreadful
far away
long-distance train
distriet heating
neek
searf, muffler (around the neek)
rolling pin
eollar
beautiful
beautiful
beautiful
beautiful
eommereial
in the store
G-38
stores, shops
is sold
store
indoor market
in the indoor market
minister of commeree and industry
Department of Commeree and Industry
at the market
in the cities
of the city
city government
ei ty couneil
in the city
city, town
eity, town
(to) the city
Tropic of Caprieorn
Caprieorn, goat
season
season tickets
via, through
through us
to make something narrower
buddy
buddies
deve10ped
deve10pment
development
body-building programs
frame
dng road
dng road
jave1in throwing
rocking chair
boiled
soups
kitehen
G-39
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
'keitto+astia-t 6 pN
keitto+komero 9
keitto+mahdo=llis=uuks-i-ne-en 9 pComit.
poss suff. (ef. mahdollisuus)
keit-n 8 sl (ef. keitt)
keks=el=is 1
keli 11
keli+rikko 11
kellari-in 3 II
kello 2 4
kello+liikk=ee-ss 4 10 (ef. liike)
kello+malli-a 4 P
kello-n 4 G
kello-nf 2
kello-nne 2
kelpa-a-ko 7 s3 (ef. kelvata)
kelta=inen 2
kelvan-nut 4 past aet. pep. (ef. kelvata)
kelvat=a 7 1
kemia 14
kene-lle 2 Al (ef. kuka)
kene-ll 3 Ad (et. kuka)
kene-lt 2 AbI (ef. kuka)
kenk-i- 6 pP (ef. kenk)
keng-t 6 pN (et. kenk)
kenk 6
kera 13 (post position G+]
keramiikka+taite=ili=jo-i-na 6 pE taitaa)
keramiikka+tehda=s 6
kerma 3
kerma-a 3 P
kerma+astia 3
kerma+viili 7
kerra-lla-an 2 Ad
poss. suff. 3 (et. kerta)
kerra-n 2 G/A (et. kerta)
kerro 5 imperat. s2 (ef. kertoa)
kerro=kse-n 9 G (ef. kerros)
eooking utensils
kitehenette
with (its) eooking faeilities
1 eook
inventive
road eondition
broken road eonditions
into the basement
Cloek, wateh
at the watehmaker
model or type of wateh
wateh, eloek
my eloek
your watch
is it good enough?
yellow
wasn1t good enough
to do, be good enough (valid)
ehemistry
to whom?
who (has)?
from whom?
shoes
shoes
shoe
with (esp. about food)
as eeramie artists
pottery, eeramies faetory
eream
eream
ereamer
eottage eheese
at a time
priee
tell
floor
G-40
on the floor
floor, layer
apartment building
to be told, must be told
to brag, to boast
time (onee etc.)
time
single fare
to tell
tells
in the middle of
misearriage
.interrupted
to interrupt
1 interrupt
in the Middle Ages
mean value
from Middle Europe
middle size
middle distanee
medium-strength beer
central parts
Wednesday
about Wednesday evening
operator (center)
eenter
central organ
central administration
central aireonditioning applianee
Keskuskatu (street name)
central fund
central heating
furnaee (with hot water heating)
central bank
central hospital
eenter
eenter party
in the center
G-41
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
keskusta-sta 4 El
keskust=el=u-a 2 P
keskus+vira=sto 14 virka)
kest 3 neg. stern. (cf. kest) (ei k.)
kest- 2 1
kes 1
kes+aika 12
kes+aika-an 5 II
kes=isin 5
kes+kaus-i-na 10 pE
kes+keitto+vihanneks-i-a 7 pP
(et. vihannes)
kes+kuu 1
kes+leski 10
kes+mki-n 9 G (ef. mkki)
kes+mkki 9
kes+viera-i-ta 8 pP (ef. vieras)
ke-t 4 P (et. kuka)
keuhko-i-sta 10 pEI
kevyt 6.
kevyt+maito 7
kevyt+mait-a 7 P
kevt 1
kevt+kaude-Ila 10 Ad (ef. kausi)
kihla+kunna-n+oike=us 14
kihla=us 10
kielle-tty 2 past pass. pep. (ef. kielt)
kielle-tty ajo+suunta 8 (ef. kielt)
kieli 4
kiele-st 4 El (ef. kieli)
kiel-i-Il 5 pAd
kieli+televisio 2
kiel-ten+ope=t=us 2
kiel-t 4 P (ef. kieli)
kielt-nyt 3 past aet. pcp. (ef. kielt)
kielt- 3 1
kierto+tie 8
from a eenter
eonversation, diseussion
central offiee
don't mention it
to last
summer
daylight savings time, offiee hours in summer
in the summertime
during the summer months
in summer seasons
summer soup vegetable
June
grass widow
summer eottage
summer eottage
summer guests
who
from the lungs
light
low fat milk, lit. light milk
low fat milk, lit. light milk
spring
in the spring season
distriet/eireuit eourt
engagement
forbidden, prohibited
no entry
language, tongue
language
languages
language TV (language lessons by television)
language teaehing
language
forbidden
to forbid
detour
G-42
kihla+kunna-n+oike=us 14
kihla+kunna-n+tuomari 13
kihlo-i-ssa 10 P 1n (el. kihla)
kiihty-v=yys 11
kiilas-i 4 past s3 (ef. kiilata)
kiinni 3 adv. (ef. ottaa kiinni)
kiinteist-n+vli=tt=j 9
kiinto+j 11
kiipes-i 7 past 83 (ef. kiivet)
kiiras+torstai 13
kiire 3
kiiree=llise-t 10 pN (ef. kiireellinen)
kiire=hti- 6 1
kiire-tt 6 p
kiisseli- 3 P
kiista 14
kiit=okse-ni 13 poss. suff. (ef. kiitos)
kiit=o=llis-i-na 13 pE (ef. kiitollinen)
kiit=os 3
kiitos+piv 13
kilo 7
kilo-a 7 P
kilo=kka-i-lle 10 pAl (ef. kilokas)
kilo-n 7 G
kilpa=il=u-j-a 6 pP
kiltti 13
kimpu-n 7 G (ef. kimppu)
kinkku 7
kinkku-a 7 p
kinos 11
kioski-ssa 5 1n
kipe 10
kipe-n 10 E
kippis 1
kipsi 10
kipsi-in 10 I l
kir=ist=y-y 11 s3 (ef~ kiristy)
kir=ist=y- 11 1 intr. kire)
district eourt
distriet (eireuit) judge
engaged
velocity
push one's way, wedge
to eateh
real estate broker
solid iee
elimbed
Maundy Thursday
rush
urgent, pressing
to hurry, rush
rush
pudding
dispute
my thanks
thankfully
thank(s)
Thanksgiving
kilogram
kilogram
for those with (extra) pounds
kilogram
eompetions, eontests
good natured, well behaving
banquet, buneh
ham
(sorne) harn
snowdrift
in a kiosk
sore
sore
here is to your health
plaster
plaster
tightens
to tighten
G-43
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
kirja 2
kirjaamis+maks=u 10
kirja=ime-lla 10 Ad (ef. kirjain)
kirja=ime=llise=sti 12
kirja=ime-t pN (ef. kirjain)
kirja=im-i-n 7 plnstr. (ef. kirjain)
kirja=in 2
kirja-nne 2 poss. suff.
kirja=sto 9
kirja-ttu 7 past pass. pep. (ef. kirjata)
kirja-ttu-na 7 past pass. pep. E
(cf. kirjata)
kirja-tu-t 7 past pass. pep. pN
(cf. kirjata)
kirj=e 7
kirj=ee-n 7 G (ef. kirje)
kirj=ee-n 7 E (ef. kirje)
kirj=ee-t 7 pN (ef. kirje)
kirje+kuore-ssa 7 pln (ef. kuori)
kirje+kyyhky-j- 7 pP
kirje+lhet=ys-ten 7 pG (ef. lhetys)
kirje+merkke-j- 7 pP (ef. merkki)
kirje+meri- 7 P
kirje+shk=e 8
kirje+shk=ee-n 8 E (ef. shke)
kirj=oite-taan 1 pres. pass. (ef. kirjoittaa)
kirj=oite-ttu 7 past pass. pep. (cf. kirjoittaa)
kirj=oite-ttu-na 8 past pass. pcp E
(ef. kirjoittaa)
kirj=oitta-a 1 1
.
kirj=oitta-a yli+oppi=laa-ksi 14 (ef. oppilas)
kirjo-j-a 10 pP (ef. kirja)
kirkas 11
kirkas=tu-minen 13 IV (ef. kirkastua)
kirkko 4
kirkko+herra 13
book
registration fee
with the letter
literally
alphabet
with letters
letter your book
library
regis te red
(as) registered
regis te red
letter
"letter
as a letter
letters
in an envelope
homing pigeons
mailed letters, mail dispatehes
(letter) stamp
(letter) stamp
letter-telegram
as a letter-telegram
is written
written
written
to write
to take the written examination at the end of high
school, to graduate from high school
books
bright
transfiguration
church
viear
G-44
kirkko+kahvi-t 8 pN
kirkko+pyh 13
kirko=l1inen 13
kirko=llise-t 13 pN (ef: kirkollinen)
kirkollis+vero-n+kanno-n 13 G (ef. kanto)
kirko-n 13 G (ef. kirkko)
kirko-ssa 4 ln (ef. kirkko)
kirko-sta 8 El (ef. kirkko)
kirsikka 7
kirsiko-i-ta 7 pP (ef. kirsikka)
kirurg=inen 10
kisko+auto 9
kitara+musiikki-a 1 P
kitara-n 2 G
kiukaa-lla 8 Ad (cf. kiuas)
kiva 3 4
kive-en 12 II (ef. kivi)
kivi 12
kivi+kunta-an 2 II
klinika-lle 10 Al (ef. klinikka)
klinikka 10
klo 5 abbr. of kello
kodi-n 6 G (ef. koti)
kodi-n+hoito+apu 14
koe 4
koe=tta-a 6 tr. 1
kohd=el-la 8 1
kohe=nta-a 10 1
kohoa-a 11 s3 (ef. kohota)
kohot=a 11 1
kohta 10 adv.
kohta 12
kohta=us+paikka 9
koht=el=iais=uude-sta 4 El
koht=el=ias 1
koht=el=iais=uus 4
koillinen 11
koillise-ssa 11 ln (ef. koillinen)
G-45
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
kokea 14 1
koke=il-la 8 1
koke-ma=ton-ta 8 P
koke=mus 8
kokko-j-a 13 pP
koko 4
koko-a 6 P
koko=el=ma 9
koko=el=m-i-sta 9 pEl (cf. kokoelma)
kokoo=mus 14
koko-on+pan=o 14
koko-on+pan=o-sta 14 El
kokoo=ntu-vat 13 p3 (cf. kokoontua)
koko=ukse-sta 5 El (eL kokous)
koko=us 5
kokous+kutsu-t 7 pN
kolari 4 eolloq.
kolad.-n 4 G/A
kolea 11
kolma=nne-ksi 7 T (cf. kolmas)
kolma=nne-sta 9 El (ef. kolmas)
kolma=s 1
kolme 1
kolme-en 2 n
kolme-ksi 4 T
kolme-lta 2 AbI
kolme-sta+sada-sta 7 El (cf. sata)
kolmi+kerro=ks=inen 9 (cf. kerros)
kolm=i+loikka 10
kolmi=nais=uude-n 13 G (ef. kolminaisuus)
kolmo=neQ 7 noun kolme)
kolmo=se-n 8 G kolme)
komea-an 1 n
komenta=ja . 1
komera- ~
konunentte-j-a 2 pP (cf. kommentti)
konununisti=nen 14 adj.
konee=llise=sti 7 adv. (cf.koneellinen)
to experienee
to experiment
inexperieneed
experienee
bonfires
entire, whole; size
size
eolleetion
from the collections
eoalition
eomposition, putting together
composition, eonsisteney
they gather/meet/assemble
about/of/from the meeting
meeting
eall(s) to a meeting
car accident
erash
ehilly
third(ly)
from the third
third
three
to three
for three o'clock
at three
for three hundred
three story
triple jump
trinity
three
three
handsome
conunander
eloset
eonunents
communist
mechanically
G-46
applianee
machines, applianees
machines, machinery
confirmation
cognac
bankruptey
in a eoneert
eooeert
eonsonant
eoordinates (math) (slang: telephone number)
sizes
basketball
basketball
decorated
as a correetioo
alteratioo, repair
high
university, college
high quality
high pressure
proper name (site of the Helsinki zoo)
highest
supreme eourt
high
altitude, height
height, elevation
high jump
interest
interest
podium
increase
to/for eards
eard
jewelry
as a deeorative telegram
ear
his/her ear
eompensate, make up
G-47
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
korva+sieni+keitt=o 5
korva+sieni+muna+kokkeli-a 5 P
korv-i-in 12 pII (et. korva)
koska 1 4 eonj.
koska-pa 5 eonj.
koske-a 10 1
koske-e 10 s3 (et. koskea)
koske-n+korva 5
koske-va-t 10 pres. aet.,pep. (et. koskea)
koski 12
kostea 11
koste=us 8
koti 1
koti-in 2 Il
koti-in+kanne-ttu 7 past. pass. pep. (et. kantaa)
koti-in+kanne-ttu-na 7 past pass. pcp.E
(et. kantaa)
koti-in+kanto+maks=u 7
koti+kalja-a 3 P
kotim. 6 abbr. tor kotimainen
koti+maa 14
koti+maa-ssa 7 In
koti=ma=inen 5 maa)
koti+ma=is-i-a 5 pP (ef. kotimainen)
koti+ma=is-ta 6 P (et. kotimainen)
koti+rouva 1
koti+talo=us 14
koto=isin J
koto-na 1 E (ef. koto)
koulu 2
koulu+ik=ise-t 10 pN (et. ikinen)
koulu+jrje=st=el=m 14
koulu+koke-i-den 14 pG (cf. koe)
koulu-ssa 2 In
koulu-sla 2 El
koulu=t=us 14
koulu-un 3 I1
kouristus+kohta=us 10
morel soup
serambled eggs with morels
ear
when, because ot
beeause
to hurt, to coneern, to toueh
hurts
a kind of hard liquor
concerning
waterfall
humid
humidity
home
to home
home delivered
(as) home delivered
home-delivery charge
home brew
homeland
(Finland) at home
domestic
domestic
domestic
housewite
home economics
a native ot
at home
school
sehool-aged
school system
school tests
in school
of school
education, schooling
ta school
convulsion, an attackot eramps
G-48
kova 11
kov=in 1 Instr. adv.
kov=in-kaan 9
krapu 1
kravu-n knt+piiri 12
kreikkalais+katolise-t 13 pN (cf. k-katolinen)
kristillinen 14
Kristukse-n taivaaseen+astu-misen piv 13
kritiikki- 2 P
kruunu 10
kudo=nna=ise-t 6 pN (ef. kudonnainen)
kuha-a 5 P
kuin 4
kuinka 1
kuiten-kin 5
kuitta=a-ma-an 9 111 II (ef. kuitata)
kuitU 6
kuiva 3
kuiva-n 3 G/A
kuiva-taan 6 pres.pass. (ef. kuivata)
kuka 1
kukaan 4
kukka 2
kukka+kaali 7
kukkula-a 14 P
kuko=ist-i 6 past s3 (ef. kukoistaa)
kulho 3
kulj. 9 abbr. for kuljetus
kulje=te-taan 7 pres. pass. (ef. kuljettaa)
kulje=te-tta-va-n 7 pres. pass. pep.
(eL kuljettaa)
kulje=tta=ja 7
kulje=tta=ja-a 7 P
kulje=t=ukse-n 7 G (ef. kuljetus)
kulje=tta-mise-ksi 10 IV T (ef. kuljettaa)
kulje=t=us 9
kulke-a 7 1
kulke-e 7 s3 (ef. kulkea)
kulke-vat 10 p3 (ef. kulkea)
severe, hard
very
not very
Caneer, erayfish
Tropie of Caneer
Greek Orthodox
Christian
Aseension Day
eritieism
erown
woven fabries
pike-pereh
as, like
how
however
to sign a reeeipt
reeeipt
dry
dry
is dried
who
anybody
flower
cauliflower
hill
flourished
bowl
transportation
is/are transported
. to be transported
driver
driver
transportation
for transporting
transportation
to run, go
runs, goes
(they) go
G-49
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
kulku+neuvo 9
kulku+neuvo-t 9 pN
kulku+tauti 10
ku-lla-kin 14 Ad (ef. kukin)
kulta 10
kulta=inen 7
kulta+sep-t 6 pN (ef. sepp)
kulta+kellari 6
kulta=se-ni 10 poss. suff. (ef. kultanen)
kulttuuri+ilma+piiri-n 12 E
kulttuuri+talo-ssa 9 In
kulu-t 8 pN
kulu=ta-t 3 s2 (ef. kuluttaa)
kulutus+rnaito 7
kulutus+rnaito-a 7 P
kulutus+sopi=rnukse-n 9 G (ef. sopinus)
kulutus+sopi=mus 9
kurni+saappaa-t 6 pN (ef. saapas)
ku-mrna-Ile 6 eompar. AI (ef. kUmpi)
ku-mrna-ssa-kin 9 In (ef. kumpi)
kummi 10
kununi-n 10 G
kununun-nut 12 past aet. pep. (ef. kummuta)
kumo-taan 12 pres. pass. (ef. kumota)
ku-rnpi 6
ku-rnpi-kin 6
kun 4 eonj.
kun-han 3 eonj.
kunnes 10 eonj.
kunnia 13
kunnia=llise-n 13 G (ef. kunniallinen)
kunnia+rnerkke-j- 13 pP (ef. merkki)
kunnia-n+hirno=inen 1
kunni=oitta-va=sti 13 pres. aet. pcp. adv.
(ef. kunnioittaa)
kunno-n 10 G (ef. kunto)
kunno-ssa 1 In (ef. kunto)
kun-pa 3
vehicle
vehieles
epidemie
eaeh (has)
darling
golden
goldsmith
gold cellar
my darling
eultural atmosphere
in the eulture house
expenses
spend, eonsume
milk (lit., milk whieh may be eonsumed)
milk (lit., milk whieh may be eonsumed)
eonsumer eontraet
eonsumer eontraet
rubber boots, Wellingtons
to whieh of the two
in both
godparent
godparent
spring forth
overturn, overthrow
whieh one of the two
both
when
after, onee
until
honor
honorable, respeetable
badge of honor, deeorations
ambitious
respeetfully
fitness
in (good) eondition
i f only
G-50
eounty
sbape, form, eondition
fitness
your eondition, fitness
gymnasium
pbysieal fitness sports
gymnasium
exereise ta king place in a gym
in the gym
physieal fitness
physieal fitness sports league
whipping eream
whipping eream
sparking wine
gate erashers
gate erasher
obituary
to die
one dies
lit., dead ones (used as a heading for the
newspaper obituary seetion)
death sleep
pit, hole
our junior, our youngest
eup
eup
his/her throat
in the throat
to hesitate
to hesitate
for eourses
eourses, lessons
eourse
eourses offered (lit., eourse serviees)
eourses
eaeh
expenses
of eaeh
G-51
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
kutsu-a 13 I
invite, eall (by name)
kutsu-i 12 past s3 (et. kutsua)
invited
kutsu+kirj=ee-t 7 pN (et. kirje)
invitations (letters)
kutsu+korti-t 7 pN (cf. kortti)
invitation eards
kutsu-ma=ton 13
uninvited
kutsu-ma-tta 13 III Abess.
uninvited
kutsu-n 7 G
invitation
kutsu-na 13 E
as an invitation
kutsu-t 3 pN
party
kutsu-taan 16 pres. pass. (et. kutsua)
is ealled
kutsu+vieras 13
invited guest
kuten 2
as
kuu 12
moon
kuude-Ita 2 AbI (et. kuusi)
at six
kuude=s 1 (et. kuusi)
.sixth
kuu+kaude-ksi 5 T (et. kuu+kausi)
tor a month
. tor a month
kuu+kaude-n 5 G (et. kuu+kausi)
kuu+ka~de-t 1 pN (et. kuu+kausi)
months
kuu+kausi 2
month
kuu+kausi=ttain 8 adv.
monthly
kuula-n+tynt= 10
shot-put
kuulla I
to hear
kuule' 3 imperat. s2(ef. kuulla)
hearl listenl
kuule-mi-in 1 III pII (et. kuulla)
good-bye (on the phone)
kuule-t 8 s2 (et. kuulla)
to hear
kuul-Iu
kuul-Iut 2 past. aet. pep. eolloq.
heard
kuul-Iut 1 past aet. pep. (et. kuulla)
heard
kuul=o=ke 5
reeeiver
kuul=o=sta-a 3 s3
it sounds
kuul=o=sta-tte 10 p3 (ef. kuulostaa)
you sound
kuul=u 8 neg. stem (et. kuulua)
belong
kuul=u-a 1 I
be heard, belong to
kuul=u=isa jstk 12
tamous
kuul=u=is-in 5 superl. (ef. kuuluisa)
most famous
kuul=u=ne-i-den 13 past aet. pep. pG (ef. kuulua) those who belonged to
kuul=u-u 1 s3 (et. kuulua)
belongs, is heard
kuul=u-u-ko 12 s3 (et. kuulua)
does (it) belong?
kuul=u-v-i-en 13 pres. aet. pep. pG (ef. kuulua)
those belonging to
G-52
kuuma 3
kuuma-ksi
8 T
kuuma-ssa 8 10
kuuma-t 8 pN
kuum=e 10
kuume-mpi 8 eompar. (et. kuuma)
kuum=e-tta 10 P
kuunn=el-kaa 2 imperat. p2 (et. kuunnella)
kuunn=el-Ia 2 1
kuunn=el=ma 4
kuunn=el-Iut 4 past aet. pep. (ef. kuunnella)
kuu-n+pime=nn=ys 12
kuuot=el-i-o 4 past sl (ef. kuunnella)
kuunt=el-i-t-ko 4 past s2 (et. kuunnella)
kuuro 11
kuusi 1
kuuto=nen 7 noun kuusi)
kuuto=se-n 7 G (et. kuutooeo)
kuva+korti-t 7 pN (et. kortti)
kuva+lehti 2
kuva 2
kuvaama+tait=o 14
kuva-isi-t 14 eond. s2 (et. kuvata)
kuvat=a 14 1
kuvi-a 9 pP (et. kuva)
kyke=oe-vt 13 p3 (et. kyet)
kyll 2
kyll=ioen 3
kyll=st=y-nyt 7 past aet. pep. (et. kyllsty)
kylme=ne-e 11 s3 (ef. kylmet)
kylm 3
kylm- 3 P
kylpe-m-ss 5 111 10. (et. kylpe)
kylpe- 5 1
kylpy+huone 2
kylve-mme 8 p1 (et. kylpe)
kylve-tn 8 pres. pass. (et. kylpe)
kyl 12
hot
hot
in hot
hot
fever, temperature
hotter
temperature, fever
listenl
to listen
radio p1ay
listened
eelipse (ot the moon)
1 listened
dill you listen?
shower (weather)
six
six
oumber six
pieture (post)eards
pietorial magazine
pieture
pietorial arts
you would deseribe
to deseribe
pietures
be ab1e to
yes, indeed
satisfied
ted up
beeomes eo1der
eold
eold
bathing
to bathe
bathroom
we bathe
one bathes (we)
village
G-53
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
village smith
ten
to ten
tor ten
at ten
tenth
deeathlon
ten
eandles
pen, peneil
church
ask
asked
askl
question
(for) .asking
1 ask
you ask
to ask
hand
sister-in-Iaw
fly
cart (insect)
carts
patient
district court
hand
manicure
manually, by hand
love
to be handled
coneeptioD, eoncept
manual training, hand eratt
handieraft's
handieraft skill
artisan's skill, handicraft skill
my hand
G-54
kte=inen 6
kte=ise-ll 6 Ad (ef. kteinen)
kte-nne 10 poss. suff. (ef. ksi)
ktil+op=isto-n 10 G
kt-t 1 P (ef. ksi)
kv=ele-minen 10 IV (ef. kvell)
kv=ele-mise-st 4 IV El (ef. kvell)
kv=el-l 2 1 kyd)
kvely+puk=u 6
kvely+puk=u-j-a 6 pP
kv-i-mme 4 past pl (ef. kyd)
kv-i-tte 3 past p2 (ef. kyd)
ky 8 neg. form of (ef. kyd)
ky-d 2 1
ky-dn 8 pres. pass.
ky-k 1 p2 imperat. (ef. kyd)
ky-n 2 sl (ef. kyd)
ky=nni-st 3 El (ef. kynti)
ky=nn=ist- 7 1
ky=nti 3
ky=nti-in 7 II
kynti+korti-t 7 pN (ef. kortti)
ky=te-tty 5 past pass. pep. (ef. kytt)
ky=te-tn-k 6 pres. pass. (ef. kytt)
ky-tiin 4 past pass.(ef. kyd)
ky=tt-m-n 10 111 II (ef. kytt)
ky=tt= 8
kytt+tili 8
kytt=-n 5 II
kyt 3 neg. stern. imperat.s2 (ef. kytt)
ky=tt-isi-t 8 eond. s2 (ef. kytt)
ky=tt-m=ttm-i- 8 pP (ef. kyttmtn)
ky=tt- 3 1 tr.
ky=tt-vt 4 p3 (ef. kytt)
ky=t=nn=llinen 1
ky=t=nn=llis-i- 6 pP (ef. kytnnllinen)
ky=t-tte-k 3 p2 (ef. kytt)
eash
eash
your hands
midwifery sehool
hand
walking
walking
to walk
two-pieee suit
two-pieee suits
we visited
you visited
to visit
to visit
one visits
visitl, drop in!, eome!
1 go
visit
to start (an engine)
visit
running, working, starting
(ealling) eard, visiting eard
used
does one use?
one visited
to use
use
eheeking aeeount
into use
use
you would use
unused
to use
(they) use
praetieal
praetieal
do you use?
G-55
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
do you use?
eorridor
in the eorridor
behavior, manners
turn
turnl
turning
to turn
on the reverse side
to the reverse side
snake
number ten
ten, ten spot
nai!
able-bodied
manieure
eandle
(L)
la 5 abbr.tor lauantai
laadi-taan 9 pres. pass. (et. laatia)
laadu-Ita-aan 6 AbI poss. sutf. (et. laatu)
laadu-sta 6 El (et. laatu)
laaja 14
laaje-mpi 14 eompar. (et. laaja)
laakso 12
laakso-a 14 P
laati-a 9 l
laati-i 14 s3 (et. laatia)
laatikko 3
laatu 6
laatu-a 6 P
lahja 6
lahja=kas 1
lahja=kkaa-t 6 pN (et. lahjakas)
lahja-t 13 pN
Saturday
let I s draw up
(by) quality
quality
extensive, wide
more extensive, wider
valley
valley
to draw up, eompile
eompiles, draws up
easserole, box, drawer
quality
quality
gift
gifted, talented
gifted
gifts
G-56
lahti 12
laiha 10
laih=du=tta-a 10 tr. laihtua<laiha)
laihdutus+kurssi-t 10 pN
lai=llise-n 7 G (ef. laillinen; <laki)
laina 8
laine 11
lai-n+sdnt+valta 14
la-i-t 13 pN (ef. laki)
lait=oks-i-a 8 pP (ef. laitos)
lait=os-ten 10 pG
laitta-nut 4 past aet. pep. (ef. laittaa)
laituri 9
laituri-lIe 7 Al
laituri-sta 9 El
laiva=sto 1
laiva=sto-ssa 1 In
laivo-i-hin 6 p II (ef. la~va)
laivo-j-a" 6 pP (ef. ~aiva)
laivo-j-en .9 pG (ef. laiva)
laje-j-a 5 pP (ef. laji)
laji 7
laji-a 7 P
laji-n 10 G
laji+valik=oi=ma-ssa 10 In
lakana-lla 5 Ad
lakat=a 8 1
laki 13
laki+esi=t=yks-i- 14 pP (ef. esitys)
laki+ste=inen 14
lakke-i-ne-en 13 pComit. poss. suff. (ef. lakki)
lakka 6
lakka-a 6 P
lakki 6
lakko-a 10 P
lako-ssa 10 In (ef. lakko)
lama 11
bay, gulf
lean
to slim down
dieting eourses
legal
loan
wave
legislative power
law
establishment, plant, institution
institutions
(has) made
platform (at station), pier, jetty
to the pier, to the trains
from the platform
navy
in the navy
ships
ships
boats
brands, speeies
kind, speeies
kind, speeies
kind of, field
in the assortment
on the sheet
cease, stop
law
government bill
provided by law, statutory
with his/her caps
hair spray, varnish, cloudberry
spray, varnish
eap
strike
striking (lit., on strike)
depression
G-57
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
lamppu 2
lamppu+osa=sto 6
lankea-a 14 s3 (et. langeta)
lanko 10
lanko-ni .10 poss.sutt.
lanko-si 10 poss. sutt.
lanttu 3
lanttu+laatikko-a 3 P
lapa=nen 6
lapa=se-t 6 pN (lapanen)
lappalais+ruoka 5
Lappi-in 9 II
lapse-mme 1 poss. sutt. (et. lapsi)
lapse-nne 1 poss. sutt. (et. lapsi)
lapse-n+lapsi 10
lapse-t 4 pN (et. lapsi)
laps-i-a 1 pP
lapsi+lis-i- 14 pP (et. lis)
lapsi+lis 14
laps-i-lle-nne 1 pAl poss. sutt.
lapsi-ne-en 10 Comit. poss. suft.
lapsi+vhe=nn=ykse-t 14 pN (et. vhenny)
lase-i-sta 6 pEl (et. lasi)
lasi 3
lasi-in 3 11
lasi-n 3 G
lasi-n+puh=alta=ja-t 6 pN
lasi+tehda=s 6
lasi+te=o=llis=uude-n 6 G (et. teollisuus)
laske 4 neg.stem (et~ laskea)
laske-a 12 1
laske-taan 12 pres. pass. (et. laskea)
laske=tt=el=u 10
laske-va 8 pres. aet. pep. (et. laskea)
laske-vat 13 p3 (mke) (et. laskea)
lask=iainen 13
lamp
lamp department
beeome due, talI due
brother-in-law
my brother-in-law
your brother-in-law
rutabaga
rutabaga easserole
mitten
mittens
Lappish dish
to Lappland
our ehild, our ehildren
your ehild, your children
grandehild
ehildren
ehildren
ehild subsidy (paid tor each child
under preseribed age by the state)
ehild support (paid by the state)
to your ehildren .
with their ehildren
(ehild) exemptions
trom glasses
glass
into the glass
the glass
glass blowers
glass tactory
glass industry
let go, count
to set, to eount, lower
is eounted
down hill
deeending
go downhill on skis, sleds, or toboggans
Shrove Tuesday
G-58
G-59
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leffa-an 9 Il slang
lehde-n 4 G/A (ef. lehti)
lehde-t 8 pN (cf. lehti)
lehte-en 9 Il (ef. lehti)
lehti 2
lehti+maja-n+juhla 13
lehti+mies+parve=ke 14
lehti+mies+parve=kkee-Ila 14 Ad
(et. parveke)
lehto 1
lehto+lapsi 9
leijona 1
leikat=a 6 1
leika-taan 6 pres. pass. (ef. leikata)
leikat-ta-va-n 6 pres. pass. pep. G (ef. leikata)
leikka=ukse-n 6 G (ef. leikkaus)
leikka=us 6
leikka=utta-a 6 1
leikk=el=e 7
leikk=el=e-i-t 7 pP
leikki- 4 P
leima 6
leima+piv-n 7 II
leip 3
leip+juusto-a 5 P
leip+lauta=nen 3
leip- 3 P
leivo=s 5 leipoa)
lelu+lahja-t 6 pN
lelu+rys=ys 6
leningi-t 6 pN (ef. leninki)
leninki 6
lenki-n 10 G (ef. lenkki)
lenkki 10
lenntin+toim=isto 8
lento+asema 5 (ef. lent)
lento+liike=ntee-n 9 G (ef. liikenne)
lentok. 11 abbr. for lento+kentt
to the movies
paper
(news) papers
to the paper
paper, leaf
Feast of Tabernaeles
press baleony
on the press baleony
grove of trees
illegitimate child (poetie)
Leo, lion
to eut, operate
let's eut
to be eut
eut
eut, (medium) operation
to have something eut
cold eut
cold euts
joke, (ehildren's) game, play
stamp
date of the stamp
bread
bread cheese
bread plate
bread
pastry
toy gifts
toy "erash"
dresses
dress
round
round, loop
telegraph office
airport
air traffie
airfield
G-60
lento+kaappa=us 4
lento+kent-lle 8 Al (ef. kentt)
lento+kentt 5
lento+kone 4
lento+lis+maks=u 7
lento+maks=u-t 7 pN
lento+onne=ttom=uus 4
lento+pallo 10
lento+posti 7
lento+te=itse 7
leski 10
leuka+murt=u=ma-t 10 pN
leve=ys 8
leveys+aste 12
leveys+piiri-ll 12 Ad
leveys+piiri-n 12 G
leve=yt-t 12 P (ef. leveys)
leve 6
levo=ton 1 (ef. lepo)
levy+osa=sto 6
levy+uut=uude-t 5 pN (ef. uutuus)
liemi+kauha 3
liemi+kulho 3
liene-e 12 pot. pres. 83 (ef. olla)
liha 7
liha+ruu-i-sta 5 pEl (ef. ruoka)
liha+tuo=tt=ee-t 7 pN (ef. tuote)
liian 3 (ef. liika)
liike+matka 5
liike+matka-lla 5 Ad
liik=e=nne 4
liik=e=nne-kin 4
liikenne+merki-t 8 pN (ef. merkki)
liikenne+miriisteri 14
liikenne+minister=i 14
liikenne+tapa+turma-t 10 pN
liikenne+valo-t 8 pN
liikenne+ympyr 8
hijaeking
to the airport (lit., airfield)
airfield
airplane
additional eharge for airmail
airmail rates
airplane aeeident
volleyball
airmail
via airmail
widow, widower
jaw fraeture
width
latitude
at the latitude
latitude
width, latitude
wide
restless
reeord department
new reeord releases
soup la dIe
soup bowl
maybe
meat
(from) meat dishes
meat products
too, in exeess
business trip
on a business trip
traffie
also traffie
traffie signs
seeretary of transportation
Dept. of Transportation
traffie accidents
traffie lights
traffic circle
G-61
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
traffic
on the move, in eireulation
person engaged in business, merchant
physical exercise
physical exercise
forms of exercise
tablecloth
linen department
from Liisa
league, union
the federal government
exit (of a highway)
associated with
join
aecompanies, is attached
to join
chalk
as an associate member
approximate
liqueur
(long-distance, interurban) bus
prison, castle
castle, president's residence, prison
dresser
lute fish
flag, ticket
ticket
celebration of the flag (Armed Forces Day)
ticketron
ticket office
fare (lit., prices of tickets)
hoisting of a flag
tickets
one flies a flag
to fly a flag
G-62
lisensiaatti
14
14
lis+edu-i-sta
lis+etu 14
lis-ksi 7 T
lis+maks=u 7
maksaa) .
lis+maks=u~a
lis+maks=u-sta 8 El
lis+maks=u-tta 7 Abess
lis+tied=o-t 10 pN (ef. tieto)
lis- 3 P
lis-m-tt 14 III Abess. (et. list)
lis=nty-neet 8 past aet. pep intr.
(et. lisnty)
litra 7
litra-a 7 P
litra-n 7 G/A
liukas 11
liukas-ta 11 P
liuku+portaa-t 6 pN (et. porras)
l-kortit 9 abbr. tor luotto+kortit (et. kortti)
lohi 5
lohi+keitt=o 5 N
loh-ta 5 P (et. lohi)
loi 11 past s3 (ef. luoda)
loist=ee-lla 5 Ad (ef. loiste)
lojaali 1
loka+kuu 1
loma 4
loma+asu=nno-n 9 G (et. asunto)
loma+asu=nto 9 (et. asunto)
loma=ke 5
10ma-l1a 7 Ad.
loma+matka-lla 5 Ad
loma-n+vietto+paikka-an 9 11
lonkero 3
Lontoo-ssa 7 In
lope=te-tta-va 6 pres. pass. pep. (et. lopettaa)
lopp=iainen 13
torm
on vacation
on a holiday trip
to the vacation place
long drink
in London
(has) to be ended
Epiphany
G-63
Epiphany
to end, run out
ends
to the end
ferry
to the southwest
about luneh, trom the southwest
southwest
luneh, southwest
luJleh
have luneh
lecture
leeture
spaee to hold leetures
to be read
to be eounted
1 read
skating
to skate
to skate
skating
skating
on the skating rink
skating rink
to read
read
to read
eountless
read
senior high school (3 yrs.)
senior high school
ehapter
sehedule
semester
reading lamp
your reading glasses
exeept, not eounting
snow(s)
G-64
lumi 4
lumi+myrsky 11
lumi+tuisku 11
lunasta-a 9 1
lun-ta 4 P (ei. lumi)
luo-da 11 (lunta) 1
luode 11
luoja-n 2 G
luoka-n 7 G (eL luokka)
luoka-ssa 9 1n (ei. luokka)
luokka 2
luokka-an 1 Il
luo-na 10 E (G+)postposit.
luo-neet 6 past aet. pep. (ef. luoda)
luonno-n+tiet=e-i-t 14 pP (ef. tiede)
luonto 12
luontois+etu 14
luotee-n 11 G (ef. luode)
luoteis+tuul-ta 11 P (ef. tuuli)
luote-tta-va 13 pres. pass. pep.(ef. luottaa)
luoto=llis-ta 8 P adj. luott9)
(ef. luotollinen)
luottamus+lause+ne=st=ys 14
luotto+korti-lla 6 Ad (ef. kortti)
luotto+kortti 6
lupas-i 11 past s3 (ef. luvata)
lupa-a 8 P
lupaa-n 14 sl (ef. luvata)
lupa=ukse-nsa 13 G poss. suff. (ei. lupaus)
lusikka 3
luteri=lainen 13
luumu 7
luumu-j-a 7 pP
luu-n+murt=u-ma-t 10 pN (ei. murtua)
luuri-n 4 G/A (eolloq.)
luvat-a 11 1
luvat-tiin 11 past pass. (ef. luvata)
lyhe=nte-i-t 9 pP (ei. lyhenne)
snow
blizzard
driving snow
redeem, buy
snow
to shovel (snow)
northwest
ereator, God
class
in the elass
elass
into the elass
with
ereated
natural seienees
nature
fringe benefit
northwest
northwest wind
trustworthy
with eredit
vote of eonfidenee
by eredit eard
eredit eard
promised, predieted
permission
to promise
promise
spoon
. Lutheran
plum
plums
bone iraetures
reeeiver
to promise
was promised
abbreviations
G-65
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
lyhen=t- 6 lyhyt) 1
lyhye-ksi 6 T (et. lyhyt)
lyhye-mm-ksi 6 eompar. T (et. lyhyempijlyhyt)
lyhye-mpi 6 eompar.
lyhy-i-t B pP (et. lyhyt)
lyhyt 2
lyhyt+lahke=inen 6 adj. lahje)
ly-d lyly B 1
ly-dn-k B pres. pass. (et. lyd)
ly-t 9 82 (et. lyd)
lhd-ss 10 In (et. lht)
lhe=ise-mpi 10 eompar. (et. lheinen)
lhe=ise=sti 12 adv.
lhe-l1 2 Ad
lhe=te-tt-v 2 pres. pass. pep. (et. lhett)
lhe=te-tn 7 pres. pass. (et. lhett)
lhe=tt- 7 1
lhe=tt=j-n 7 G
lhe=tt-m-ll 7 111 Ad (ef. lhett)
lhe=t-n B s1 (ef. lhett)
lhe=t-tte-k B p2 (ef. lhett)
lhe=t=ykse-n 7 E (ef. lhetys)
lhe=t=ykse-t 7 pN (ef. lhetys)
lhe=t=ys 7
lhe=t=y=st 1
lhe=t=y=st-n 5 G
lhetyst+virka=ili=ja 1
lhe=t=y=st-n 6 II
lh-imm-lle 6 superl. Al (et. lhin)
lh-in 2 8uperl.
lh-in-n 6 preposit. (+P)
lh=i 9 (asuma+lhi)
lh=i-st 9 El
lhte-e 4 s3 (ef. lhte)
lhte-nyt 10 past aet. pep. (ef. lhte)
lhte-v 5 pres. aet. pep. (ef. lhte)
lhte-vt 2 p3 (ef. lhte)
to shorten
short
shorter
shorter
short
short
short leg
to throw water on the sauna stove in order
to ereate steam
will one (we) throw [lit., strike]
you hit
to be departing
eloser
closely
near
to be broadcast (sent)
is being sent
to send
sender's
by sending
1 send
wil1 you send'1
dispateh (mail)
dispatehes (mail)
dispateh (mail), broadeast
embassy
embassy's
foreign serviee offieer
to the embassy
to the nearest
nearest
nearest
suburb
from a bedroom eommunity
leaves
(has) left
leaving
leave
G-66
lhte- 2 1 intr.
lht= 10
lht+lue=tt=el=o 7
lht+piv-nne 5 poss. suff.
lht+valmii-na 6 E (ef. valmis)
lmmin 3
lmmin+sydm=inen 1 (cf. sydn)
lmmin-t 11 P
lmmi=tt=ele-m-n 11 111 II (cf. lmmitell)
lmmi=t=ys 9
lmmitys+laitt=ee-n 9 G (cf. laite).
lmmit 8 1 intr. (lmmet)
lmpi- 8 s3 intr. (ef. lmmit)
lmp+tila 11
lnne-mp-n 12 E compar. (cf. lnsi)
lnne-n 4 G (cf. lnsi)
lnsi 11
lnsi+ma=inen 12
lnsi+ma=ise-sta 12 El (cf. mainen)
lnsi+suUnua-Ita 9 AbI (cf. suunta)
Lnsi+vyl~ B
Lnsi+vyl-Ile 8 AI
lpi 10 (G+) postposit.
lke 10
lke+aine 10
lke+mr=ys 10
lke+tiet=ee=llinen 14
lke+tiet=ee=llise-en 14 II (cf. tieteellinen)
lke+tiet=ee=llis-i- 10 pP (ef. tieteellinen)
lkint+hallit=us 14
lk=ri 3
lkri-It 10 AbI
lkri- 10 P
lni 11
lni-n+hallit=us-ten 14 pG
lyde-tt-v-i-ss 6 pres. pass. pcp. pln
(cf. lyt)
lyly 8
to leave
departure
register (list) of the outgoing mail
your day of departure
ready to leave/depart
warm
warm-hearted
warm
to get warm
heating
the heater
to heat, warm
is warming up
temperature
farther west
west
west
western
western
from a western direction
Western Freeway
tothe Western Freeway
through
medicine
medicine
preseription
medical
(into) medical
medical
central medical board, bureau of medicine
medical doc tor
from the medical doctor
medical doctor
the largest administrative district in Finland
provincial government
can be found
steam (in a sauna bath)
G-67
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
lyly-ss 8 1n
lyly-t 8 pN
lyly-yn 8 I1
lyly- 8 P
lyt=y-i-k 14 past s3 (ef. lyty)
lyt=y- 14 intr. 1
lyt=y-y 10 s3 intr. (ef. lyty)
lyt-isi-n 6 eond. sl (ei. lyt)
lys-i-tte-ks=lysittek 4 colloq.
lys-i-tte-k
4 past p2 (ef. lyt)
lyt- 4 1 tr.
lyt-k 5 s3
lyt+tavara+toim=isto
6
m2
9 abbr. tor neli+metri
ma 2 abbr. tor maanantai
maa 5
maa-han+tul=o 5
maailma-n 5 G
maailma-n+kuul=u-j-a 6 pP
maailma-n+soda-n 6 G (ef. sota)
maailma-ssa 10 ln
maa-ja mets+talous+ministeri 14
maa-ja mets+talous+minister=i 14
maa+kunna-ssa 11
maa+kunta 11
maalais+leip- 7
maala=uks-i-a
9
maalis+kuu 1
maa-l1e 8 Al
maa=l1inen
13
Maa-mme 14 poss.
maa-n
7 G
maa-na 14 E
maanantai 1
maanantai-ksi
6
maanantai-sta
5
maa-n+jr=ist=ys
1n
(cf. kunta)
p
pP (cL maalaus)
suff.
El
4
G-68
maa-n+tie
8
maa-n+tiet=ee=llinen 12
maa-n+tiet=ee=llise=sti
12 adv.
maa+pallo 12
maa+seudu-n
14 G (cf. seutu)
maa+seutu
8
maa-ssa
5 ln
maa-ssa-mme 8 ln poss. suff.
1 pN
maa+voima-t
made+keitt=o
5
maha
10
mahdo=llinen
9 mahtaa)
mahdo=llise-Ila
7 Ad
(ef. mahdollinen)
mahdo=llise=sti
9 adv.
mahdo=llis-i-a 8 pP (ef. mahdollinen)
mahdo=llis-ta
8 P (ef. mahdollinen)
mahdo=ll1s=uuks-i-a
10 pP
(ef. mahdollisuus)
mahdo=ton 10
maha-a-nsa
10 P poss. suff.
mahta-va
6 pres. aet. pep.
maihari
6
ma-i-hin
7 pII (ef. maa)
Maija-n
1 G/A
maila 10
mainio-i-ta
5 pP
main=itse-ma-lla
8 111 Ad (ef. mainita)
maini-ttu-jen 13 pG past pass. pep.
maini-tu-i-ssa
14 past pass. pep.
pIn (ef. mainita)
mainos+korti-t
7 pN (ef. kortit)
maisema
12
maista-a 3 tr. I
maista-kaa-pa
5 p2 imperat. (ef. maistaa)
maisteri 1
maisteri-n+sormus-ta
10 P
maista-nut
3 past aet. pep. (ef. maistaa)
highway
geographieal
geographieally
globe
rural area
eountryside
in the eountry
in our country
army
burbot ehowder
belly
possible
possible
possibly
possible
possible
possibilities
impossible
his/her belly
mighty
army surplus jaeket
(in)to eountries
proper name
raequet, bat
exeellent
mentioning
mentioned
mentioned
advertising eards
landseape
to taste
taste!
M.A.
M.A. ring
tasted
G-69
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
maista~nut-kaan
14 past aet. pep. (ef. maistaa)
maist=u-a
2 1 intr.
maist=u-i
3 past s3 intr. (ef. maistua)
maist=u-isi-ko
3 s3 intr.(ef. maistua)
maist=u-u
2 s3 intr. (ef. maistua)
maist=u-vat
4 p3 intr. (ef. maistua)
maito
3
maito+lasi
3
maito+rahka
7
maj=oit=us
9
majuri
1
makkara
7
makkara-n
8 G
maksa-a
6 1
maksa-ma-lla
7 111 Ad (ef. maksaa)
maksa-tte-ko
6 p2 (ef. maksaa)
makse-taan
6 pres.pass (ef. maksaa)
makse-taan-ko
8 pres.pass. (ef. maksaa)
maks=u
7
maks=u-a
7 P
maks=u-sta
7 El
maksu+tod=ist=ukse-t
7 pN (ef. todistus)
maksu+vyhyke
7
makuu+huone
9
makuu+huone-tta
9 P
makuu+vaunu
9
makuu+vaunu+osa=sto-n
9 G
malja=kko
3
malja-nne
1 poss.suff.
malli-Ita-an
6 AbI poss.suff.
manikyyri
6
manikyyri -n
6 G
manner
12
Mannerheim-i-n+tie
5 G
Mannerheim-i-n+tie-n 6 G
manner+ma=inen 12
mansikka . 7
tasted
to taste
tasted
taste
(it) tastes
taste
milk
glass of milk
eottage eheese
aeeommodation
major
sausage
sausage's
to pay, eost
by paying
do you pay?
does one pay?
fee, eharge, eost
fee
for eharge
eertifieates for payment
pay zone
bedroom
bedroom
sleeper (puIlman)
sleeping eompartment
vase
for your healtb
(by) model
manieure
manieure
eontinent
Mannerheim's road
Mannerheim's road's
eontinental
strawberry
G-70
mansiko-i-ta
5 pP (ef. mansikka)
mantere
12
maraton 10
Maria-n(ilmestysmis+)piv 13
marinoi-tu-j-a
5 past pass. pep. pP
(cf. marinoida)
marja
7
marja-t
7 pN
marjo-j-a
5 pP (ef. marja)
marka-sta
7 El (ef. markka)
markka
7
markkino-i-l1e
6 pAl (ef. markkina)
marras+kuu
1
martini-n .3 G
matala+pain=e 11
matee-n
7 G (ef. made)
Mati-l1a
4 Ad (ef. Matti)
matinea
9
matinea-an
9 I1
matka 4
matkailija+lippu
7
matkailija+lipu-n
9 G (cf. lippu)
matkailu+lippu
9
matka+lippu-j-a
9 pP
matka-lla
7 Ad
matka+muist=o-j-a
6 pP
matka+shekke-j-
5 pP (eL shekki)
matka+tavara
5
matka+toim=isto-j-en
9 pG
matko-i-lla 5 pAd (ef. matka)
matku=sta-a
10 1
matkustaja+turva=llis=uude-n
9 G
(ef. turvallisuus)
matku=st=ele-e
10 s3 (ef. matkustella)
mauste+kakku-a
3 P
me
3
mehu
3
mehu-a
3 P
2 G (eL me)
meid-n
strawberries
continent
marathon
Annuneiation
marinated
berry
berries
berries
(for) mark
mark
to the market
November
Martini
low pressure
hurbot (fresh water codfish)
proper name
matinee
to a matinee
trip
tourist tieket
tourist tieket
tour ticket
(passenger) tickets
on the way
souvenirs
travelers' eheeks
baggage, luggage
travel ageneies.
traveling
to travel
security of travelers
travels
spiee cake
we
juice
juiee
our
G-71
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
meijeri
7
meijeri+tuo=tt=e-i-ta
7 pP (ef. tuote)
meillon = meill on
1
me-i-ll
1 Ad
me-i-t
5 pP
melkein 10 adv.
melko=inen
9 adj.
melonta+koulu
10
melu
11
mene'
7 neg. stem (ef. menn)
mene-e
1 s3 (ef. menn)
mene-e-k
7 s3 (ef. menn)
mene-mme
4 p1 (ef. menn)
mene=st=ys
13
mene=t=el-l
9 1
mene-tte
2 p2 (ef. menn)
mene=tt-neet 6 past aet. pep. (ef. menett)
mene=tt- 14 1
mene-vit-k
8 p3 (ef. menn)
men-i
1 past 3 (ef. menn)
men-k 2 imperat. p2 (ef. menn)
men-k-mme
5 imperat. p1 (ef. menn)
menne=is=yyte-en
6 II (ef. menneisyys)
menn-e-ss
5 II In (11+) postposit.
men-n
2 1
menn sijo-i-lta-an 10 AbI poss. suff. (ef. sija)
men-nn
4 pres. pass. eolloq.
meno+lippu
9
meno+matka
9
meno-paluu+lippu9
men=o-ssa
4 In
ment-s = ment-isi-in 4 eond. pres. pass.
menu
5 N
mere-n+kulki=jo-i-lle 11 pAl (ef. kulkija)
Mere-n+kurkku
11
mere-n+tutkimus+lait=os 11
meri
12
meri+nk+ala
9
dairy
dairy produet
we have
at our plaee (with us)
of us
almost
rather, quite a
paddling lessons
noise
go
goes
does (it) go
we go
sueeess
to proeeed
you go
(have) lost
to lose (for good)
do (they) g01
went
gol
let us go
the past
by a eertain time, while going
to go
to disloeate
let' 5 go
one-way tieket
the trip there
round trip
is going
one would go
menu
seafarers
The Quark
oeeanographie institute
sea
view of the sea
G-72
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
meri+voima-t
1 pN
meri+voim-i-ssa
1 In (ef. voima)
merki=nn-t
7" pN (ef. merkint)
merk=itse-m-ll
8 111 Ad (ef. merkit)
merkki
1
merkki-ni
1 poss. suff.
merkki-
1 P
mestare-i-ta
2 pP (ef. mestari)
mesta=us
13
metodisti
13
metodisti+kirkko 13
metro
4
4 Ad
metro-Ha
mets
11
mets-lIe
9 Al
mets+mansiko-i-ta
7 pP (ef. mansikka)
mets+palo+var=oit=us 11
mets+sieni+salaatti-a
5 P
metsstys+kausi
9
miehe-en
1 II (ef. mies)
miehe-lle-nne
1 Al poss. suff. (ef. mies)
miehe-ni
1 poss. suff. (ef. mies)
miehe-ns
4 (ef. mies)
miehe-t
8 pN (cf. mies)
mieh-i-lle
2 pAl (ef. mies)
miele=ise-ns 14 poss. suff. (ef. mieleinen)
miele-ll-mme
9 Ad poss. suff. mieli)
miele-ll-ni
9 Ad poss. suff. mieli)
miele-n+hir=i 10
miele-n+kiinto=inen
3
miele-n+kiinto=is-imma-t
5 pN superl.
(ef. kiintoisin)
miele-n+kiinto=is-ta
4 P (ef. kiintoinen)
mieli+hyv-i-n
13 pInstr adv. hyv)
miel-i-in+painu=v-imma-ksi
12 pT superl.
mieli+taudi-t
10 pN (ef. tauti)
mielly=tt-v-ksi
8 pres. act. pep. T
mieluu-mm-i-n
3 eompar. pInstr
navy
in the navy (sea forces)
markings
by marking
sign, postage stamp, signal
my sign
of sign
masters
exeeution, beheading
Methodist
Methodist Church
"metro
by metro
forest, woods
to hunt
wild (wood) strawberries
forest-fire warning
forest mushroom salad
hunting season
man
to your husband
my husband
heI" husband
men
for the gents, men
pleasing, agreeable (to hirn)
with (our) pleasure
with (my) pleasure
fit of insanity
interesting
most interesting
interesting
with pleasure
most unforgettable
mental diseases
pleasant
rather
G-73
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mies
1
mies-ten
6 pG
mies-ten+huone
2
mi-hin
2 II (d. mik)
mihis = mi-hin
2 II
miinus+aste
11
mi-kin
2 (ef. mik)
mi-ksi
2 T (ef. mik)
mi-ksi-p-s
4 T (ef. mik)
1
mik
mikli
5 eonj.
mik-s
4 eolloq.
mik-n
2
mi=llaise-sta
4 El adj. (ef. millainen)
mi=llanen = mi=llainen
4
mi=l1ainen
2
mi=l1oin
1
mi=lloin=kaan
9
mi-Il
1 Ad (ef. mik)
mi-Il-n
3 Ad poss. suff. (ef. mik)
mi-It
3 AbI (ef. mik)
ministeri-t 14 pN
ministeri- 14 P
minister=i
14
mini
10
mi-n-k
4 G (et. mik)
mi-n-k+lainen
2
mi-n-k+laise-ssa
9 1n
mi-n-k+lais-ta
7 P (ef. minklainen)
mi=nne
3
minu-a
4 P (ef. min)
minu-Ila 2 Ad (et. min)
minu-Ile
1 AI (et. min)
minu-Ita
10 AbI (ef. min)
2 G (ef. min)
minu-n
minu-sta
1 El (ef. min)
minu-sta-kin
2 El
minuutti
2
G-74
minuuti-n
7 G (et. minuutti)
minuutti-a
2 p
minuuti-n
2 G (ef. minuutti)
min
1
min-kin
3
min-kn
3
mi-ss
1 In (et. mik)
mi-ss-n
7 (et. mik)
mi-st
1 El (et. mik)
mi=ten
1
mitta=ri
7
mitta=ri-n
7 G
mi-t
1 P (et. mik)
mi-t-s
1 P eolloq.
mi-t-n
1 P (ef. mik)
mm. 6 abbr. tor muun mua-ssa
moderni-a
2 P
moi
1 eolloq.
molemma-t
4
molemp-i-en
4 pN pG (et. molemmat)
moni+puol=inen
1
mokom-i-n
3 pInstr.
molla+maija-t
6 pN
mone-n+lais-i-a
9 pP (ef. monenlainen)
mone-ssa
8 In (ef. moni)
mone-t
6 pN (et. moni)
6
moni
moni=nais-impi-a
6 pP superl.
(et. moninainen < moninaisin)
mon-i-ssa
6 p 1n
moni=sta-ma-lla
7
111 Ad (et. monistaa)
moniv.
13 abbr. tor moni+vuotinen
moottori
7
moottori+pyr-Il
8 Ad
moottori-ssa
7 In
morsian
10
Moskova-n 13 G
mote11i
1
minute's
minute
I
1, too
not 1, either
where?
anywhere, nowhere
where from
how
meter, gauge
meter, gauge
what?
what
anything, nothing
among others
modern
hi
both
both
versatile
by a11 means
Raggedy Ann
many kind(s)
in many
many
many
various kinds
many
by mimeographing
many years
motor, engine
with (by) motoreyele
in the engine
bride, fianeee
Moseow
motel
G-75
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moukari-n+heitt=o
10
mtv abbr. for mainos+televisio
2
mua = minua 4 P eolloq.
mu-i-den 13 pG (ef. muu)
muista
7 imperat. s2 (ef. muistaa)
muista-a
5 1
muista-e-n
13 II Instr. (ef. muistaa)
muista-kaa
6 imperat. p2 (ef. muistaa)
muisti-in+pan=o-j-a
13 pP
muist-i-t-ko
3 past s2
muisto+kirj=oit=us
13
muisto+tilais=uus
13
muist=u=t-i-t
5 past 82 (ef. muistuttaa)
muist=u=tta-a
5 1
mu-i-ta
7 pP (ef. muu)
muka-an
1 (G+) postposit.
muka=ise=sti
12 (G+) postposit.
muka-na
9 (G+) postposit.
muka-na-mme
9 E poss. suff. (G+) postp08it.
mukava
1
mukava-a
1 P
mukava-lta
6 AbI
mukava-mpi
10 eompar.
mukava=sti
8 adv.
mukav=uuks-i-a 9 pP (ef. mukavuus)
mulla = minu-Ila
2 Ad
mullon = minulla on
3 eolloq.
mun = minun
1 eolloq.
muna
5 N
mun-i-a
7 pP
Munkki+niemi
7
Munkki+vuore-n
7 G (ef. vuori)
muodo-i-ssa
6 pln (ef. muoto)
muodo=sta-a
14 1
muodo=st=u-vat
14 p3 (ef. muodostua)
muori
13 eolloq.
muoti+asia
10
muoto
G-76
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
muoto=ili=ja-t
6 pN
muoto-j-a
10 pP
muoto+kiele-st
12 El (cf. kieli)
murto+maa+hiiht=o
10
murto+vak=uut=us
9
murt=u-a
10 1 intr.
murt=u-nut
10 past aet. pep. (ef. murtua)
musiikki-a
4 P
mu-sta = minusta
1 El eolloq.
mu-sta-kin = minustakin
2 eolloq.
musta-na
3 E
musta+viini+marja
7
musti-a
4 P
Musti-n
4 G/A
mustikka
7
mut = mutta
3 colloq.
mutta
1
4 Ad (cf. muoto)
muodo-lla
muu
6
muua-lla-kin
10 Ad
muua-lle' 7 Al
6
muuan
muudan
6
muu-t
7 pN
muu-ta
7 P
muutama
6
muutam-i-a
10 pP (eL muutama)
muuten
1
muuten-kin
7
muute-taan
11 pres. pass. (ef. muuttaa)
muutta-ma-tta 14 111 Abess. tr. (ef. muuttaa)
muutt=u-u
5 s3 intr~ (ef. muuttua)
myrky=t=ykse-t
10 pN (ef. myrkytys)
myrsky
9
myssy
6
6 pres. pass. (cf. myyd)
myy-dn
myy=j
6
6
myynti+osa=sto
designers
fOrDIs
language of form
eross-country skiing
insuranee against burglars
to fraeture, become crushed
fractured
music
in my opinion
also in my opinion, too
as black
black currant
black
proper noun
blueberry
but
but
with the form
other
elsewhere
(to) elsewhere
a certain
a certain
other(s)
other
a few
a few
by the way, otherwise
otherwise
is ehanged
without ehanging
ehanges
poisonings
storm, tempest
knitted hat
is sold
salesperson
sales department
G-77
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myhe-mrn-i-n
2 eompar. Instr. (ef. myh)
myhe-mp-i-en 13 eompar. pG (et. myh)
myh=is-t
3 P (ef. myhinen)
2 In
myh-ss
myh=st=y-ne-i-n
7 past aet. pep. pE
(ef. myhsty)
myh=st=y-mis-i-en
7 IV pG (ef. myhsty)
myh-n
4
mynt-
14 s3
mys
1
myt=il-l
12
m = min
1 eolloq. + poetry
md-t 11
me-ss
10 In (ef. mki)
mki
12
10
mki+hypp=y
m-kin = minkin
3 eolloq.
mkrinen 11
mmrni-
3 P
mti-
7 P
mt+kuu
11
mri=t=el-ty
13 past pass. pep.
(et. mritell)
mr
8
mr+aikais+talletus+tili
8
mr+aikais+talletus+tili-
8 P
mr-tty-j-
13 past pass. pep. pP
(ef. mrt)
mr-
8 s3 (ef. mrt)
mr=-m-i-
13
111 pP (ef. mrt)
mr=-m-t
7
111 pN (et. mrt)
n.
9 abbr. for noin
naapuri
12
naapuri -n
8 G
naapuri-t
12 pN
nahka
6
nailon
6
nailon-i-a
6 P
later
latter
late
late
late
delay, being late
late
grants, admits
aho
be in aeeord, follow
1
to rot
slope, hill
hill
ski jump
1, too
gnat
malt-rye pudding
roe
dog days
detined
amount
a eertifieate of deposit
a eertifieate of deposit
speeified, set, eertain
(one) orders
appointed (by)
deereed (by), ordered
approximately
neighbor
neighbor's
neighbors
leather
nylon
nylon
G-78
nai-rna=ton
1
111 N naida)
nai-rnis-i-ssa
1 IV In (et. naida)
nai-ne-i-ta
10 past aet. pep. pP (et. naida)
nainen
1
naise-t
8 pN (et. nainen)
nais-i-IIe
2 pAI (ef. nainen)
nais-ten
2 pG (ef. nainen)
nais-ten+huone
2
nais-ten+tanssi-t
9
nais-ten+tauti-en
10 pG
nakki
7
nalle
6
napa+piiri
12
nappi
6
narraa'
4 neg. stern (ef. narrata)
narrat=a
4
nauha
2
nauha-Ita
2 AbI
naula-a
9 P
naula-an
9 Il
naura=tt-i
tr
9 past s3 (et. naurattaa)
naut-i-n
9 past sl (ef. nauttia)
nauti-taan 11 pres. pass imperat. (ef. nauttia)
nautti-a
11
nautti-vat
10 p3 (ef. nauttia)
naveto-i-ssa
13 pln (ef. navetta)
neiti
1
neitsyt
1
nelj
1
neljkytnelj = neIj+kymmeot+nelj
1 eolloq.
nelj-It
2 AbI
neIj=nnes
2
neIjnnes+kiIo-o
7 Go
nelj=nnes-t
2 P
neIjnnes+vuos=ittain
8 adv.
1
nelj=s
neIo=nen
7 noun
neIos+tie-n
8 G
uomarried, single
married
married
woman
women
for the ladies, women
womens'
ladies room
ladies' danees
women's diseases
frankfurter
teddy bear
Aretie Circle
button
kid
to kid
tape
from the tape
nai!
nail, peg
he felt like laughing
1 enjoyed
let's eojoy
to enjoy
eojoy
in eow sheIters
Miss
Virgo, virgin
tour
fourty-four
quarter, the fourth
a quarter kilo
quarter
quarterly
fourth
four
Route Four
G-79
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
nen-st
10 El
neul=e-i-ta
6 pP
neuvo
10
neuvo-a
2 1
neuvo-e-n
8 II Instr. (ef. neuvoa)
neuvo=nta
5
Neuvosto+liitt=o
12
niemi
12
niemi+maa
12
nietos
11
niin
1
niin+kuin
8 eonj.
niin-kB
2
ni-i-st
7 pEI (ef. ne)
nilkka
10
nilkka-ni
10 poss. suff.
nim.
9 abbr. for nimi+merkill
nime-en
7 II (ef. nimi)
nime-Il
5 Ad (ef. nimi)
nime-It-n
5 AbI poss. suff. (ef. nimi)
nime-nne
1 poss. suff. (ef. nimi)
nime-si 5 poss. suff. (ef. nimi)
nime-t 13 pN (ef. nimi)
nime=tt6m-ss
10 In (ef. nimetBn)
nimi
1
nimi+piv' 12
nimi+tied=ot=us
5
nimi=ttin
10 adv.
nimi=tt-
14
nimi-
6 pP
nipu-n
7 G (ef. nippu)
nippu
7
niska
10
niska-a-nsa
10 P poss. suff.
niska+peili-
6 P
niska-sta
6 El
no
1
G-80
Noak-i-n
10 G
noin
2
no-i-ta
7 pP (eL nuo)
noJat-ko
9 neg. imperat. stern (ef. nojata)
noja+tuoli-en
9 pG
nopea
4
nopea-mm-i-n
7 eompar. adv.
nopea+rytm=is-t
9 P adj. (ef. rytminen)
nopea=sti
2
nopee=sti = nopea=sti
4 eolloq.
nope-imma-lla
7 superl. Ad
(ef. nopein; < nopea)
nope=us
11
norja
4
normaali+lipu=t=ukse-sta
13 El (ef. liputus)
nosta-a
8 1
nouda=tta-a ruoka+valio-ta
10 I;P
nouda=tta-vat
13 p3 (ef. noudattaa)
nouae-e
12 s3 (ef. nousta)
nouse-n
7 sl (ef. nousta)
nouse-tte
10 p2 (ef. nousta)
nouse-va 8 pres. aet. pep. (ef. nousta)
noua-ta
7 1
noust-e-ssa-nne
9 II In poss. suff.
(ef. nousta)
ns.
8 abbr. for niin sanottu
nuke-n+vaunu-t
6 pN
nukke
6
nukke+koti
6
nukku-a
4 1
nukku-ma-ssa
5 111 1n (ef. nukkua)
nukku-nut
4 past act. pep. (ef. nukkua)
nuku-ta
4 neg. stern (ef. nukkua)
nuku=tta-a
4 1 tr.
nuku=tta-a-ko
4 1 tr.
nuku-tu-ksi
9 past pass. pep. T (ef. nukkua)
nuku=t=us
10
nuku=t=us-ta
10 P
Noah's
about, roughly
(of) those
don't lean
easy ehair, armehair
fast
faster
with fast rhythm
quiekly
quiekly
fastest
speed
Norwegian language
from norroal
to lift, hoist, withdraw (money)
to diet
obey, follow, aeeept (here)
rises
1 get up
you get up
rising
to alight, get up
while you get on the train
so-ealled
doll's carriage
doll
doll house
to sleep
sleeping
slept
feel sleepy
to feel sleepy
do you feel sleepy?
to sleep (slept)
administration of an anesthetie
anesthetic
G-81
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
numero
1
numero-a
6 pP
numero-i-n
7 pInstr.
numer=oi=nni-n
5 G (ef. numerointi)
numero-n
7 G
numero-on
8 II
numero+tied=ot=us
5
nuore-lle
9 Al (et. nuori)
nuore-mm-t
10 eompar. pN (et. nuori)
nuore-t
13 pN (et. nuori)
nuori
4
nuor-i-a
4 pP
nuor-i-lle
10 pAl
nuor-in
10 superl.
nuor=iso
10
nuor=uut-ta
13 P (et. nuoruus)
nuoska
11
nuoska+keli
11
nurka-ss
9 In (et. nurkka)
nyky=inen
6 adj.
nyky=isin
10 adv.
nyky-n
7 adv.
nyrj=hd=ykse-t
10 pN (et. nyrjhdys)
nyrj=ht-nyt
10 past aet. pep. (et. nyrjht)
nyrjht-
10 intr.
nyrkkeily+ott=el=u
10
. nyt
1
nyt-k
7
nh-d
4 1
nh-nyt
4 past aet. pep. (et. nhd)
n-i-ll 6 pAd (et. nm)
nin
6 adv.
n-i-t
4 past s2 (et. nhd)
n-i-t-k
4 past s2 (ef. nhd)
nke-mi-in
1 IN (et. nhd)
nke=myks-i-st
12 pEl (et. nkemys)
nk-isi
8 eond. neg. stern (et. nhd)
nk-isi-t
8 eond. s2 (et. nhd)
number
size, number
with numbers
numbering
number
(in)to the number
(telephone) number information
(tor) young
younger
the young people
young
young ones
tor the young people
youngest
youth
youth
thawing
thawing eonditions
in the eorner
present
nowadays
nowadays
sprains
sprained
to sprain
boxing mateh
now
now?
to see
seen
with these
in this way
you saw
did you see?
so long
vision, eoneeption
would see
you would see
G-82
nk=y-nyt
10 past aet. pep. (ef. nky)
nk=y-v=yys
11
nk=y-vt
13 p3 intr. (ef. nky)
nk=y-y
12 83 (ef. nky)
nk=y- 12 1
nk+ala
2
nk+ala-sta
2 El
nlk
3
ny
12 neg. stem (ef. nky)
ny=t=el=m
9
ny=t=el=m-n
9 G
ny=tt=el=y-j-
9 pP
ny=tt=el=y-n
9 G
ny=tt=m
9
ny=tt=mlle
9 Al
ny=tt-
2 1 nky)
ny=t
8 imperat. s2 (ef. nytt)
ny=t-n-k
10 sl (et. nytt)
ny=t=kse-en
9 II (ef. nyts)
(0)
odota
5 imperat. s2 (ef. odottaa)
odote-tta-v-i-ssa 11 pres. pass. pep. pln
(ef. odottaa)
odot-i-n
2 past sl (ef. odottaa)
odotta-a
2 1
odotta-kaa
7 imperat. p2 (ef. odottaa)
odotta-ma-an 8 111 II (ef. odottaa)
odotta-nut
2 past aet. pep. (ef. odottaa)
odotus+huone
9
ohe=ise-sta
12 El (ef. oheinen)
ohe-lla
5 Adpostposit. (+G)
ohen=ne-taan
6 pres. pass. (ef. ohentaa)
ohi
4 postposit (+G)
ohi+ajo
8
ohi=tta-a
8 1
ohi=tta-minen
8 IV
wait
ean be expeeted
1 waited
to wait, expeet
wait
to wait
(has) waited
waiting room
attaehed, enelosed
aside
is thinned
past
overtaking
to overtake, pass
overtaking
G-83
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
ohitus+tie
8
ohitus+tie-n
8 G
ohja=a=ja-lle
10 Al
ohja-ttu-a
10 past pass. pep. P (ef. ohjata)
ohja=us
10
ohjaus+toim=isto
10
ohje-i-den 8 pG (ef. ohje)
ohj=e-i-ta
8 pP
ohj=e=lma
2
ohj=e=lma-a
9 P
ohj=e=lm=oi=nni-ssa
10 ln (ef. ohjelmointi)
ohu=kainen
3 ohut)
ohu=kais-i-a
3 pP (et. ohukainen)
ohut 3
oi 14 exelamation
oikea
2
oikea-an
7 II
oikea-lla
2 Ad
oikea-lIe
2 Al
oikea-lta
10 AbI
oikea-ssa
2 II
oikea-t
5 pN
oike-i-n
2 plnstr.
oike=isto
14
oikeisto+puolue 14
oike=uks-i-a
13 pP (ei. oikeus)
oike=us
4
oikeus+kansleri 14
oikeus+ministeri
14
oikeus+minister=i
14
oike=ute-en
14 II (et. oikeus)
oiko+tie
8
oinas
1
oire
10
oire-i-ta
10 pP
ole
1 imperat. s2 (ef. olla)
ole-mme
1 pres. pl (et. olla)
bypass
bypass
instruetor, direetor
guided, directed
guidanee
guidance office
instructions
instructions
program
program
programming
paneake
paneakes
thin
Ohi
right
(in)to the right
on the right
to the right
(from the) right
in the right, correct
right
very, correctly
the political Right
rightwing party
rights
justice, court, right
ombudsman, chancellor of justice
minister of justice, attorney general
Department ot Justice
to the court
shortcut
Aries, the ram
symptom
symptoms
bel
we are
G-84
ole-n
1 sl (ef. olla)
ole-t
1 s2
ole-t-han
2 s2 (ef. olla)
ole-t-ko
1 s2 (ef. olla)
ole-tte
1 p2 (ef. olla)
ole-tte-ko
1 p2 (ef. olla)
ole-va
11 pres. aet. pep. (ef1. olla)
01e-va-1le
6 pres. aet. pep. Al(ef. olla)
ole-va-t
6 pres. aet. pep. pN (et. olla)
ol-i
1 past s3 (ef. olla)
ol-i-han
7 past s3 (et. olla)
ol-i-kaan
1 past s3 neg. emph. (ef. olla)
ol-i-ko
4 past 3p (ef. olla)
ol-i-mme
1 past lp (ef. olla)
ol-i-n-kin
5 past sl (ei. olla)
ol-i-pa
4 past s3 (ef. olla
ol-is = olisi
3 s3 eond. eo110q.
ol-isi
6 pres. eond. s3 (ef. olla)
ol-isi-ko-han
8 eond. s3 (ei. olla)
ol-isi-t
2 eond. s2 (ei. olla)
ol-isi-t-ko
9 eond. s2 (ef. olla)
ol-isi-vat-ko-han
10 eond.p3 (ef. olla)
ol-i-tte-ko
5 past p2 (et. olla)
ol-kaa
1 imperat. p2 (ef. olla)
ol-la
1 I
olla dieeti-11
10 (ef. dieetti)
ol-laan
1 pres. pass. (ei. olla)
olla voima-ssa
1
oll-e-n-kaan
4 II Instr. (ei. olla)
oll-e-ssa
10 II In (ef. olla)
ollu = ol-lut 2 past aet. pep. (ef. olla) eo110q.
ol-lut
2 past aet. pep. (ef. olla)
olo+huone
9
olue-lle
3 (ef. olut)
olut
3
olut-ta
3 P
oma
1
omaisuus+vahingo-i-sta
9 pEl (ei. vahinko)
I am
you are
you are
are you?
you are
are you?
being
being
being
was
(it) was
was
was it?
we were
I was
was
would have
would be
eou1d it be
you would be
wou1d you be?
wou1d they be?
were you?
be
to be
to diet
one is
be valid
at a11
being, whieh (it) is
been
been
1iving room
for a beer
beer
beer
own
property damage
G-85
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
oma-n+tunt=o-ni
oma-Ha
5 Ad
oma-t
3 pN
omena
7
14
G poss. suff.
omeno~i-ta
7 pP (ef. omena)
om=ista=ja
6
om=ista-ma-ni
9
111 poss. suff. (ef. omistaa)
omi=tuis-ta
4 P (ef. omituinen)
on
1 s3 (ef. olla)
on-kin
2 s3 (ef. olla)
on-ko
1 s3 (ef. olla)
onks = onko
1 eolloq.
onne=llis-ta
13 P (ef. onnellinen)
onne=ttom=uus
4
onni=t=el-la
13 1
onnittelu+korti-t
7 pN (ef. kortti)
onni=tt=el=u-t
13 pN
onne-ksi
1 T (ef. onni)
on-pa
4 s3 (ef. olla)
00 = ole
2 neg. stem eolloq.
oo-n = olen
1 sl eolloq.
ooppera
4
oo-tte = olette 1 p2 eolloq.
ope = opettaja
2 eolloq.
opetta=ja
1
opetta=ja-lle
2 Al
opetta=ja-lta
2 AbI
opetta=ja-t
2 pN
opett=ele 8 imperat. s2 (ef. opetella)
opetus+ministeri
14
opetus+minister=i
14
opetus+ohjelma+sarja
2
opetus+ryhm-i-in
10 pII (ef. ryhm)
opisk. 9 abbr. for opiskelijat
opi=skele-e
14 s3 (ef. opiskella)
opi=skeli=j a 1
my eonseienee
on (onets) owo
own
apple
apples
owner
owned by me
strange
is
is, too
is (it?)
happy
aecident
to eongratulate
eongratulatory eard
eongratulations
luekily, fortunately
(it) surely isl
to be
1 am
opera
you are
teaeher
teaeher
to the teaeher
from the teacher
teaehers
learn
minister of edueation, seeretary of edueation
Department of Edueation
study program-series
teaehing units
students
studies
student
G-86
opi=skel-la 2 I
opi=skel-lu = opi=skel-lut 2 past. aet. pep.
opi=skel-lut 2 past aet. pep. (ef. opiskella)
opi=skel=u 1
opi=sto 14
oppi+kirja 2
oppi=laa-lle 2 Al (ef. oppilas)
oppi=laa-lta 2 AbI (ef. oppilas)
oppi=las 1
oppilas+ty-n 6 E
oranssi 4
orava 7
Orava-an 7 11 (proper noun)
orkesteri 9
orpo 10
ortodoks=inen 13
ortodoks=is-i-ssa 12 pln (ef. ortodoksinen)
o.s. abbrv. for oma-a suku-a-an, pposs. suff. 10
osa 2
osa-a 9 .P
osa=a' 2 neg. stem (ef. osata)
osa=a-t-ko 4 s2 (ef. osata)
osa=inen 6 adj.
osake+pankki 8
osa+kunta 9
osa+kunta-an 9 11
osan-nut 9 past aet. pep. (ef. osata)
osa-n+ottaj-i-en 12 pG (ef. ottaja)
osa+puole-n 9 G (ef. puoli)
osa=sto 1
osa=sto-j-a 6 pP
osa=sto-lla 1 Ad
osat=a 3 I
osa-taan 5 pres. pass. (ef. osata)
osa+valt=io 14
osa+valt=io-sta
14 El
os-i=tta-i-n
13 adv. plnstr. osa)
to study
studied .
the study of
college
textbook
to the student
from the student
student, pupil
as an apprentiee's work
orange (eolor)
squirrel
Squirrel
orchestra
orphan
Orthodox
in the orthodox
by maiden narne, nee
part
apart
do you know how to?
piece
bank (with stoekholders)
~raternity (based on region)
to the fraternity
partieipants
party, partner
department
departments
in the departrnent
to know how
one knows how
state (part of a federation)
state (in the USA)
partly
G-87
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
os-i=tta=inen
12
os=oit=e
1
osoite+toimi+paikka
7
osoite+toimi+paikka-an
7 II
os=oite-tu-n 7 past pass. pepe G (et. osoittaa)
os=oitta=utu-u
2 s3 intr (et. osoittautua)
os=oitt=ee-mme
1 poss. sutt. (et. osoite)
os=oitt=ee-ni
1 (et. osoite)
os=oitt=ee-nne
1 (et. osoite)
osta-a
4 1
osta-ma-an
4 111 II (ef. ostaa)
osta-ma-ssa
4 111 ln (ef. ostaa)
osto+palv=el=u
6
ostos+kesku=s
2
ostos+kori-Ila
6 Ad
Osuus+pankki
8
ota'
3 imperat. s2 (et. ottaa)
ota-tte-ko
3 p2 (et. ottaa)
ot=e
6
ottaa)
ote-taan
6 pres. pass. (ef. ottaa)
ote-taan
7 pres. pass. (et. ottaa)
ote-ttu
5 past pass. pep. (ef. ottaa)
ot-i-n
3 past sl (et. ottaa)
otta-a
3 1
otta-isi-mme
9 eond. p1 (ef. ottaa)
otta-isi-n
7 eond. sl (et. ottaa)
otta-isi-tte
3 eond. p2 (et. ottaa)
otta-isi-tte-ko
3 eond. p2 (et. ottaa)
otta-kaa
3 imperat. p2 (et. ottaa)
otta-ma-lla
12 111 Ad (et. ottaa)
otta-nut
3 past aet~ pepe (et. ottaa)
otto+lapsi
10
oudo=ksu-e-n
12 II Instr. (et. oudoksuaj < outo)
outo
8
o-vat
1 p3 (ef. olla)
ove-lta
9 AbI (ef. ovi)
partial
address
designated post offiee
to the (designated) post offiee
addressed
show. is proved to be
our address
my address
your address
buy
to buy
buying
eustomer service
shopping eenter
shopping basket
cooperative bank
take
do you take?
excerpt
one takes, let's take
is taken. (are) Iet's take
taken
1 took
to take
we would take
1 would take
you would take
would you take, have?
take. have
by ta king
has taken
adopted ehild
to eonsider something strange or surprising
strange, odd
they are
at the door
G-88
ove-sta
9 El (eL ovi)
ovi
2
ov-i-in
9 pIl
ovi+tila
9
OY abbr. for osake+yht=i
(P)
PA abbr. for a eolloq. expression
8
paari-t
10 pN
paastot-a
13 1
paasto-n+aika
13
Paavali-n
13 G
paha-n+laatu=inen
10
paha-sta
10 El
paha=sti
10 adv.
pahe-mpi 9 eompar. (ef. paha)
paho-i-lla-ni
1 pAd poss. suff. (ef. paha)
pahoin+voi=nti
10
pahoin+voi=nti-a
10 P
paida-t
6 pN (ef. paita)
paika-lla-an
11 Ad poss. suff. (ef. paikka)
paika-lla-si
10 Ad poss. suff. (ef. paikka)
paika-lle-en 5 Al poss. suff. (ef. paikka)
paikallis+juna
9
paikallis+lehde-t
7 pN (ef. lehti)
paikallis+puh=el=u-t
5 pN
paikallis+puud=ut=us
10
paikallis+puud=ut=us-ta
10 P
paika-n+vara=uks-i-a
9 pP (ef. varaus)
paikat-a
10 1
paikka
10
paikka+kunn-i-lla 12 pAd (ef. kunta)
paiko-i-lle-en
10 pAl (ef. paikka)
paiko-i-n
11 plnstr adv. (ef. paikka)
paik=oit=us
7
paikoitus+mitta=ri
7
paikoitus+tila
9
to be broke
streteher
to fast
lent
St. Paulls
malignant
evil, bad
badly
worse
(I am) sorry
nausea
nausea
shirts
on its plaee
on your plaee
on its plaee
loeal train
loeal papers
loeal ealls
loeal anesthetie
loeal anesthetie
seat reservations
to fill, pateh
. filling, pateh, plaee
plaees
at its plaee
at plaees
parking
parking meter
parking spaee
G-89
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
paikoitus+tila-a
9 P
paina-a 7 s3 intr.
paina-ma-IIa
7 111 Ad (ef. painaa)
paina-va-Ita 10 pres. aet. pep. AbI (ef. painaa)
paine-tu-t
7 past pass. pep. pN (ef. painaa)
paine-ttu
6 past pass. pep. (ef. painaa)
pain=o
7
paino+er-n
7 G
pain=o=sta-va
11 pres. aet. pep. (ef. painostaa)
pain=otta-a
7 s3
painotuott. abbr. for paino+tuo=tt=e-i-den
9 pG (ef. tuote)
paino+tuo=tt=ee-n
7 G (ef. tuote)
paino+tuo=tt=ee-t
7 pN
pais=e
10
paiskat-a
4 1
paista
8 imperat. s2 tr. (ef. paistaa)
paista-a
4 1
paista-mise-n
5 IV G (ef. paista)
paiste-ttu
5 past pass. pep. (ef. paistaa)
paiste-ttu-a
5 past pass. pep. P (ef. paistaa)
paisti
3
paisti-a
3 P
paisti-n+pannu
3
paist=o
8
paist=u-a
8 1 intr.
paist=u-u
8 83 intr. (ef. paistua)
paisu-va-a
12 pres. aet. pep. (ef. paisua)
paita
6
paitsi
6 adv.
paju-n+kByt-t
4 P(ef. kBysi)
paka=sta-minen
7 IV (ef. pa~astaa)
paketi-ssa
7 In (ef. paketti)
pakette-j-a
7 pP (ef. paketti)
paketti
7
paketti-a-nne
10 P poss. suff.
paketti+osoite+kortti
7
paketti+toimi=sto
7
parking spaee
weighs
by pressing
heavy
printed
printed
weight
weight unit
sultry, oppressive
emphasize, stress
printed matter
of the printed matter
printed matter
boil, abeess
to slam, to fling
fry, roastto shine, to fry
frying
fried
fried
roast
roast
frying pan
frying
to roast
one roasts
inereasing, sweIling
shirt
exeept
willow rope
deep-freezing
in the pareel
pareels
pareel, paekage
your pareel
address form for a pareel
pareel offiee
G-90
pakkanen
11
pakkase-lla
10 Ad (ef. pakkanen)
pakkas+neste
11
pakkas+neste-tt
11 P
pakka=us
7
pakko
11
pako=llinen
8 pakko)
pako=llise-na
13 E (ef. pakollinen; < pakko)
pala
7
pala-a-ko
3 s3
pala=utta-a
6 1 tr.
pala=ut=us
5
pala-v-i-a
13 pres. aet. pep. pP (ef. palaa)
pal=ell=utta-a
11 1
paljas
12
paljon
1
paljon-ko
2
palkka 14
palkka+summa-an 14 II
pallo-a
10 P
pallo+kartta
12
pallo+kentt
10
pallo-n+puoli=sko
12
palmu+sunnuntai
13
palo+hly=t=ys 8
palo+vak=uut=us
9
palo+vamma
10
palturi-a
4 P
palv=ele-vat
10 p3 (ef. palvella)
palv=el-la
5 1
palv=el=u-j-a
13 pP
palvelu+kaude-t
10 pN (ef. kausi)
palv=el=u-sta
6 El
palv=el=u-t
14 pN
pan-i-n
3 past sl (ef. panna)
pan-isi-n
9 sl eond. (ef. panna)
pankki
2
2 P
pankki-a
freezing eold
in sub-zero weather
antifreeze
antifreeze
earton
eompulsion
obligatory
as a eompulsory
pieee
does it burn7
to return
delivery, return(ing)
burning
freeze, eause frost damage
bare
mueh
how mueh
wage, pay
pay, wage
ball
a globular map
playing field
hemisphere (geographic)
Palm Sunday
fire alarm
fire insuranee
burn
rubbish
serve
to serve
serviee(s)
serviee seasons
serviee
serviees
1 put
1 would put
bank
bank
G-91
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
pankki-in
2 11
pankki+lokero
8
pankki+siirt=o
8
pankki+siirto+lomake
8
pan-na
3 I
pan-naan
10 pres. pass. (ef. panna)
pan-naan-ko
7 pres. pass. (ef. panna)
pannu+kakku
3
pan-ta-isi-in
7 pres. pass. eond. (ef. panna)
paperi
2
papi=sto-n
13 G pappi)
pappi
13
pappi=la
13
papu
7
para=ne-e
11 s3 (ef. parata)
para=nta-a
10 I tr.
para=nta-mise-ksi
9 IV T (ef. parantaa)
para=n~tu-a
10 intr.
paras
4 superl. (ef. hyv)
paras-ta' 9 superl. P
pare-mm-i-n
1 eompar. plnstr. (ef. parempi)
pare-mpa-a-kin
4 eompar. P (ef. parempi)
pare-mpi
1 eomp.
parhaa-t
5 pN superl. (ef. paras)
parha-in
5 superl. (ef. hyv)
parha-in-ta
5 P superl.
parha-i-ta
5 pP (ef. parhain,.paras)
pari 7
pari-t
10 pN
parketti+lattia+t
9 pN
parkkera=us
7
parkki+talo-j-a
6 pP
parlamentaar=inen 14
parlamentaar=ise-ksi
14 T (ef. parlamentaarinen)
parta
6
parta-ni
6 poss. suff.
partu=ri
5
to the bank
bank box
bank draft
bank draft form
to put, place
let's put
shall we (one) put
paneake
one would put (idiom)
paper (as material)
elergy
priest
manse, parsonage
bean
improves
to heal
for improvement
to heal, improve
the best
best
better
even better
better
best
the best
best
best
a eouple
eouples
parquet floors
parking
parking houses
parliamentary
parliamentary
beard
my beard
barber, barbershop
G-92
parve=ke
9
parve=kkee-lta
9 AbI (ef. parveke)
passi
5
passi-n+tarka=st=us
5
pastori
13
pata
3
patja
9
patriarkaati-n 13 G (ef. patriarkaatti)
pe
5 abbr. of perjantai
pehme
6
peili
6
peite-tn
14 pres. pass. (ef. peitt)
peitt=y-nee-n 12 past aet. pep. E (ef. peitty)
Peka-lta
2 AbI (ef. Pekka)
pela=a-ma-an
10 111 II (ef. pelata)
pela=a-minen
10 IV (ef. pelata)
pela-isi-n
10 eond. sl (ef. pelata)
pelastus+armeija
13
pelastus+osa=sto 8
pelat-a
10 1
peli
10
peli+er
9
pelk-i-ll 14 pAd (ef. pelkk)
pelkk
14
pelk=-vt-k
11 p3 (ef. pelt)
pelo=ton
1 pelko)
pelt-
11 1
penni
7
penni-
7 P
pere-mm-lle
1 eompar. Al (ef. per)
perhe
1
perhe+alennus+lipu-n
9 G (ef. lippu)
perhee-ni 1 sl poss. suff.
perhee-n+jsen-i-
4 pP
perhee-ss
10 In
perhe+maj=oit=us-ta
9 P
peri-lIe
7 pAl
peri-lle+tul=o-a
7 P
baleony, tier
from the baleony
passport
passport eontrol eheek
minister (elergyman), parson
saueepan, pot
mattress
patriarehate
Friday
soft
minor
will he eovered
eovered
from Pekka
to play
playing
1 would play
Salvation Army
reseue department
to play (sports)
game
a round in the game
mere
mere, pure
fear, are (they) afraid?
fearless
to fear
penny, 1/100 of a mark
penny
more to the rear
family
redueed family tieket
my family
members of a family
in a family
family aeeommodation
to the destination
arrival
G-93
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peri-Il
4 pAd
per=imminen
12 superl.
peri=ntee-t
6 pN (et. perinne)
peri=nte=ise=sti
13 adv.
peri=nte=isi-
2 pP
peri=nt 14
peri-ty-i-ll
14 past pass. pcp. (et. peri)
perjantai
1
perjantai-na
1E
permanenti-n
6 G (et. permanentti)
permanentti
6
permanno-Ita
9 AbI (et. permanto)
permanto
9
persikka
7
persilja
7
persilja-a' 7 P
peruna
3
peruna+muhe=nn=os
5
peruna+piirakka-a
5 P
peruna+sose
5
peruna+sose-tta
5 P
peru-n+kirj=oit=us 14
peruno-i-ta
3 pP
perus+el=ke
14
perus+koulu
14
perus+kurssi
2
perus+luvu-t
1 pN (ef. luku)
perus+maks=u
7
Perus+pankki
8
perus+rata
6
peru=st=ee=llise=sti
8 adv.
peru=ste-ttiin
6 past pass. (ef. perustaa)
perustus+lai=llinen 14 (ef. laki)
peruukke-j-a
6 pP (ef. peruukki)
peruukki
6
Per+meri
11
pese=ydy-tn 8 pres. pass. refl. (ef. peseyty)
at the destination
utmost, tarthest
tradition
traditionally
traditionai
inheritanee
eharged, inherited
Friday
on Friday
permanent, perm
perm, permanent
form the orchestra
orchestra (in the theater), stalls
peach
parsley
parsley
potato
mashed potatoes
potato pastry
mashed potatoes
mashed potatoes
inventory atter a deceased person
potatoes
basie pension
a eomprehensive school consisting
of the nine lowest grades
basic eourse
eardinal numbers
basic charge
foundation bank
basie track
throughly
was established
constitutional
wigs
wig
Bay of Bothnia
onewashes oneself
G-94
pes-i-n
8 past s1 (ef. pest)
pes-t
8 1
pes-tn
6 pres. pass. (ef. pest)
pes=u
6
pesu+huone
8
pesu+huonee-ssa
8 1n
pes=u=la
5
pesula+palv=el=u
5
pes=u-n
6 G/A
pes+pallo
10
pes+pallo+koulu
10
pes+pallo+peli
10
pett=y=mys
9
peukalo+kyydi-Il
10 Ad (cf. kyyti)
peukalo+kyyti
10
pian
1
pide=nt-
6 1 pitk)
pide-tn
5 pres. pa5S. (ef. pit)
pid-t
4 52 (ef. pit)
pidi-tte
3 past p2 (ef. pit)
pid-tte
2 p2 (ef. pit)
piene-Ile
9 AI (ef. pieni)
piene-mp-i- 14 eompar. pP
piene=nt-
6 1 pieni)
piene-st
8 El (ef. pieni)
piene-t
5 pN (ef. pieni)
pieni
2
pien-i- 13 pP
pien+talo
1
pien+vilj=eli=j-i-n
14 pG
Pietari-n
13 G
piha
9
piim
3
piim-
3 P
piippu
3
piippu-a
3 P
piippu+hylly
9 eolloq.
piippu+hylly-It
9
eolloq. AbI
1 washed
to wash
is washed
shampoo, wash
washroom
in the washroom
laundry (place)
laundry serviee
shampoo, wash
baseball
baseball lessons
baseball game
disappointment
hitehhiking, (lit., by thumb ride)
hitehhiking
soon
lengthen
is held
you like
you liked
you like
small
smaller
to make something smaller, reduee
small
small
small , little
small
one-family house
small farmer
St. Peter's
yard
buttermilk
buttermilk
pipe
pipe
seeond tier
from the seeond tier
G-95
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piiri-n
10 G
piiri-ss
6 1n
piirt-m
12
111 (et. piirt)
piirt-
12 1
piiru=st=uks-i-a
9 pP (et. piirustus)
piiru=st=uks-i-sta
12 pEl. (et. piirustus)
piispa
13
pika+juna
9
pika+kirj=e
7
pika+kirj=ee-st
7 El
pika+kirj=oitta=ja-t
14 pN
pika+luist=el=u
10
pika+lhet=ykse-t
7 pN
pika+puh=el=u
4
pikku
2
pikku+auto-i-lle
6 pAl
pikku+leip
3
pikku+lnunin
3
pikku+lmpim-i-
3 pP (et. lmmin)
pikku+serkku
10
pikku+tunne-i-lle
9 pAl (et. tunti)
pikku+veli
10
pila=a=ntu-a
111 intr.
pila-isi
11 pres. eond. s3 (ef. pilata)
pila-lla
3 Ad
pilli+tyyppi=se-n 8 G (et. tyyppinen)
pilsneri-
3 P
pilve=tn-t
4 P pilvi)
pilv=inen
11
pilv=is=yyt-t
11 P (et. pilvisyys)
pime=nn=ykse-t
12 pN (et. piment)
pime=nn=ys
12 pime)
pime=nn=ys-t
12 P
pimet-
11 1 intr.
pime
9
slang
pimu
6
pinta+te=itse
7 tie)
pippuri
3
distriet
inthe circle, in, among, in the sphere
designed (by somebody)
to draw, design
drawings
blueprints
bishop
rapid train, express
express letter
express letter
stenographer, shorthand writer
speed skating
express mail special delivery
emergeney telephone eall, "express" eall
smal1
small ears
eookie
hors d'oeuvre
hors d'oeuvres
seeond eousin
into the wee small hours
little brother
to spoil
would spoil
spoiled
whistle type
kind ot beer
cloudless
cloudy
eloudiness
eelipses
eelipse, blaekout
eelipse
to darken
dark, lightless
girl
via, by surtaee
pepper
G-96
pippuri-a
3 P
pirte
9
pis-imm-t
2 pN (ef. pitk)
pis-in
2 superl.
pissa+poja-ssa
7 In (ef. poika)
pist==o
10
pit==ele-n
9 sl (ef. pidell)
pit==el-i
6 past s3 (ef. pidell)
pite=mm-ksi
6 eompar. T (et. pitempi; < pitk)
piti
1 past s3 (ef. pit)
pito-j-a 13 pP (ef. pidot)
pitk
2
pitk+hiha==inen
6
pitk-ksi
5 T
pitk-It
2 AbI
pitk+perjantai
13
pitk-n
4 II adv.
pitsa-a
3 p
pit=uus' 12
pituus+aste
12
pituus+hypp=y
10
pituus+piiri-ll
12 Ad
pit=uut-ta
12 P (ef. pituus)
pit-isi
2 eond. s3 (ef. pit)
pit-k
5 imperat. p2 (ef. pit)
pit- jstk
2 1
pit-k
6 imperat. p2 (ef. pit)
pohja
12
pohja+kerrokse-ssa
5 In
pohja=lais-ta
5 P (ef. pohjalainen)
Pohjan+lahti
11
Pohjan+maa
12
Pohjan+meri
12
pohjoinen
11
Pohjo=inen j+meri
12
pohjo=ise-mpa-na
12 E eompar. (ef. pohjoisempi)
Pohjois+maa-t
7 pN
Pohjois+ma-i-hin
7 pII
pepper
vivaeious, lively
longest
longest
Iin the piss boy', windshield washer
sting
1 hold
was holding
longer
(1 was) supposed to
party
long
long sleeved
(for) long
long
Good Friday
for a long time
pizza
length
longitude
long jump
at the longitude
length, longitude
would like, should
keep
to like (be fond of)
keep
bottom
on the ground tloor
Bothnian
Gulf of Bothnia
Ostrobothnia
North Sea
north
the Aretie Oeean
farther north
the Nordie eountries
to the Nordie eountries
G-97
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Pohjois+napa
12
pohjois+osa-ssa
11 In
pohjois+tuuli
11
poika
1
poika+mies
1
poika-mme
1 poss. sutt.
poika-nne
1 poss. sutt.
poika+puoli
10
poikkea-va-a jstk
12 pres. aet. pep. P
(et. poiketa)
poikki
10
pois
4
poist=u 8 irnperat. 52 (et. poistua)
poist=u-e-ssa-nne
9 II In poss. sutt.
(et. poistua)
poliisi+lait=okse-Ila
5 Ad
poliisi-lIe
2 AI
poliisi+ratsia
14
poliitt=inen
12
poliitt::::ise=sti
12 adv.
politikoi-minen
6 IV (et. politikoida)
polku+pyr
4
polta
2 neg. stem (et. polttaa)
polta-n
3 s1 (et. polttaa)
polta-tte-ko
3 p2 (et. polttaa)
polte-ta
3 pass. pres. neg. stern (et. polttaa)
poltta-a
3 1 tr.
poltta-a-ko
3 s3
poltta-kaa
3 imperat. p2 (ct. polttaa)
popliini+takki
6
porkkana
7
porkkano-i-ta
7 pP (ct. porkkana)
poro-n+kr=ist=ys
5
poro-n+kr=ist=ys-t
5 P
poro-n+paisti-a
5 P
posliini+tehdas
6
posti
2
posti+ennakko
7
North Pole
northern part
north wind
son, boy
bachelor
our son
your son
stepson
deviating
snapped in two, broken
away
go awaYt make an exit
while you leave t exit
in the police departrnent
to the poliee
police raid
political
politically
playing politics
bieycle
to smoke, to burn
1 srnoke
do you smoke?
to srnoke (neg. stern)
to burn, to srnoke
does (he) srnoke?
smokel
poplin eoat
carrot
earrots
tried reindeer rneat
sauteed reindeer
reindeer steak
porcelain tactory
post otfice
C.O.D.
G-98
posti+ennakko-na
7 E
posti+ennako-l1a
6 Ad (ef. ennakko)
posti-in
2 Il
posti-ja lenntin+hallitus
7
posti+korti-t
7 pN (ef. kortti)
posti+laatiko-n
7 G (ef. laatikko)
posti+maks=u
7
posti+merki-t
7 pN (ef. merkki)
posU-n+kuljetus+vuoro-l1a
7 Ad
posti-n+kulk=u
7
posti+numero
7
posti+os=oit=e
7
posti+os=oitt=ee-seen
7 11
posti+os=oit=ukse-t
7 pN
posti+os=oit=us
7
posti+paketti
7
posti-si
7 poss. suff.
posti-ssa
7 1n
posti-sta
2 El
post=itse
8 adv.
posti=tta-a
7 1
potilaa-n
10 G (ef. potilas)
potilas
10
potku+puk=u
6
pouta
4
pouta-a
4 P
presidenti-n
4 G (ef. presidentti)
presidenti-n+vaali
14
presidenti-t 14 pN
presidentti
1
professori
8
prosentti
8
7 E (ef. prosenttinen)
prosentt=ise-na
prss=ys
5
puh. abbr. of puhelin
5
puhallus+koe
14
puh=e
4
10 T
puh=ee-ksi
(as) C.O.D.
C.O.D.
into the post offiee
central board of post and telegraphy
post eards
mail box
postage
postage stamps
mail delivery run
mail delivery, mail transport
zip eode
mailing address
to the mailing address
money orders
money order
mail pareel
your mail
in the post offiee
from the post offiee
by mail
to mail
patient
patient
elear weather, elear spell
fair weather
president1s
presidential eleetion
president's
president
professor
per eent
(as) priority mail
pressing
breathalyser test
speeeh
speeeh
G-99
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puh=ee-n
4 G
puh=ee-n+johta=ja
8
puhe+kieli
1
puh=el=ime-en
5 II (ef. puhelin)
puh=el=ime-n 8 G (et. puhelin)
puh-el=ime-ssa
5 In
puh=el=im=itse
8 adv.
puh=el=in
2
puhelin+aakko=se-t
8 pN
puhelin+kioski
2
puhelin+koppi
2
puhelin+lasku-n
8 G
puhelin+lue=tt=el=o-n 13 G
puhelin+lue=tt=el=o-ssa
7 ln
puhelin+lue=tt=el=o-sta
6 El
puhelin+palv=el=u
5 N
puh=el=in-ta
2 P
puhelin+verkko 8
puhelin+yhdist=ykse-en
9 ln (ef. yhdistys)
puhelin+yhdist=ys
9
puh=el=u
5
puhe=lu-n 5 G
puhe+miehe-n
14 G (eL mies)
puhe+mies
14
puh=e-tta
4 P
puhki
7
puhtaa-na+pito+lait=os
11
puhtaa=sti
6 adv. (ef. puhdas)
puhu'
4 neg. stern (ef. puhua)
puhu-a
4 1
puhu-i
4 past 83 (ef. puhua)
puhu-kaa
2 imperat. p2 (ef. puhua)
puhu-n
4 sl (ef. puhua)
puhu-nut
1 past aet. pep. (ef. puhua)
puhu-t
4 s2 (ef. puhua)
puhu-tte
4 p2 (ef. puhua)
puhuttelu+muoto-a
4 P
puhuttelu+muoto-na
4 E
speeeh
chairman
eolloquial language
to the phone
telephone
on the phone
by phone
telephone
telephone alphabet
phone booth
phone booth
telephone bill
phone book
in the telephone book
from a telephone book
phone serviee
telephone
telephone network
to the telephone company
telephone company
telephone eall
telephone eall, talking
speaker (in parliament)
speaker, spokesman
speeeh
blown (out), piereed
sanitation department
purely
speak
to speak
spoke
speak
1 speak
spoken
speak
you speak
form of address
as a form of address
G-IOO
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puhu-u
5 s3 (ef. puhua)
puhu-vat
4 p3 (ef. puhua)
Puisto+kadu-lla
1 Ad (ef. katu)
Puisto+katu
1
pUitte-i-ssa
14 (G+) pln (ef. puite)
pujo=tt=el-u
10
puku
6
puku+huone
8
pulisongi-t
6 (ef. pulisonki)
pulisonki-ni
6 poss. suff.
pulla-a
3 P
pullo
5
pullo+posti
7
pumpuli
6
puna=inen
2
puna=ise-n
7 G (ef. punainen)
puna=is-i-n
5 plnstr. (ef. punainen)
puna+viini
5
puole-en
11 II (ef. puoli)
puole=is-ta
11 (G+) P (ef. puoleinen)
puole-ksi+toista
5 T
puole-Ila
2 Ad (ef. puoli)
puole-Ile
6 AI (ef. puoli)
puole-sta-ni
9 El poss. suff. (G+) postposit.
(cf. puoli)
puoli
2
puoli+pilv=is-t
11 P
puoli+tango-ssa
13 In (cf. tanko)
puoli+toista
5
puoli+varjo+pime=nn=ys
12
puoli+vuosi=ttain
8 adv
puoli+vli
12
12 In
puoli+vli-ss
puol=ue
14
14 pN (ef. puolue)
puol=uee-t
12
puol=uee=ton
puolukka
7
puolukka-a
5 P
speaks
speak
in Park Street
Park Street
framework, within the limits of
slalom
suit
dressing room
sideburns
my sideburns
coffee bread
bottle
bottle mail
cotton
red
red
(with) red
red wine
half
-ish
for one and a haIf
on the side
(to) the side
on my behalf
half, side
partly eloudy
at half mast
one and a haIf
penumbra eelipse (astronomy) "half shadow"
half yearly
halfway
haHway
party (political)
party
neutral, impartial
lingonberry
lingonberry
G-IOl
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Puolustus+liitto
12
puolustus+ministeri
14
puolustus+minister=i
14
puolustus+voima-i-n
13 pG
pure=ma
10
purje=hti-mise-sta
10 IV El (ef. purjehtia)
puru+rada-Ila
10 Ad (cf. rata)
puru+rata
10
pusero
6
pusero-t
6 pN
putka
14
putka-an-kin
511
puu+haaruka-t
6 pN (cf. haarukka)
puuska=inen
11
puu+tarha
9
puu+tarha+osa=sto
6
puu+villa
6
puu+villa,a
6 P
puu+villa+sekoite+kerra=sto-j-a
6 pP
puvu-t
6 pN (ef. puku)
pyh-i-en
13 pG (cf. pyh)
pyh-i-n
9 pE (ef. pyh)
pyhi=tt=j-i-n
13 pG
pyh
1
pyh-i-n+piv
13
pyh+koulu
13
pyh+koulu-ssa
13 In
pyrki-
14 I
pyry
11
pyry=tt-
11 I
pyssy+mieh-i- pP (ef. mies)
pysty-isi-n
8 eond. sl (ef. pysty)
pysty-yn
14 II
pysty-
8 1
pysy-y
11 s3 (ef. pysy)
pysy-
11 I
pys=ht=y-minen
8 IV pyshty)
pyshtymis+merki-n+anto+nappi-a
7 P
defense organization
seeretary of defense
Department of Defense
defense forees
bite
sailing
on the jogging trail
jogging path
blouse
blouses
jail
to the jail, too
wooden forks
gusty
garden
gardening department
cotton
cotton
partly cotton (thermal) underwear
suits
holy saints
on Sundays
those who sanetify
Sunday, holy (adj.)
All Saints' Day
Sunday school
in Sunday school
to seek admission, to strive (for or after)
whirling snow
to snow whirling
gunmen, riflers
I would be able
up(right)
to be able to
stays
to stay (put)
stopping
stop signal button
0-102
pys=ki=ll
7 Ad (ef. pyskki)
pys=kki
7
pyskimis+ohj=e
7
pys=k=i=nti
7
pys=ytt-k
7 imperat. p2 tr. (eL pysytt)
pys=ytt-minen
8 IV (ef. pysytt)
pys=ytt-nyt
8 past aet. pep. tr.
(ef. pysytt)
pys=ytt-
7 1 tr.
pyyd-mme
9 pl (ef. pyyt)
pyyd-n
6 sl (ef. pyyt)
pyyhki=j
7
pyyhki=j-ss
7 In
pyyt-k-p
5 imperat. p2 (et. pyyt)
pyre+lak=inen
12
pyrre+myrsky
11
pyr=ile-minen
10 IV (ef. pyrill)
pyr=ile-m-n
10 111 11 (ef. pyrill)
pyr=il-l
9 1
pyr=il=y
10
pyrily+tie
10
pyr-ll
4 Ad
pyr+tie
8
pin
1
pin+vastoin
13 adv.
piry=st=ys
10
pivystys+numero-i-ta
10 pP
piv
4
piv+hoita=ja
14
piv+hoit=o
14
piv-ksi
5 T
piv+lehti
2
piv+kahvi-t
8 pN
pivllis+kutsu-i-lla
4 pP
pivllis-kutsu-i-lle
4 pAl
pivllis+kutsu-t
3 pN
piv=llis-t
5 P (ef. pivllinen)
piv+lmp+tila
11
piv-n
2 G
at the stop
(bus) stop
instruetion(s) tor parking
parking
stop
stopping
stopped
to stop
we ask
1 ask
wiper
in the wiper
ask torl
round topped
tornado
biking
to bike
to eycle
eyeling
bieycle path
by bieycle
bieycle path
in the direction of
on the contrary
duty (for a day)
emergency phone numbers
day
(day) babysitter, day nurse
day eare
tor a day
daily paper
eoffee between breakfast and dinner
at the dinner party
to the dinner party
dinner party
dinner
day temperature
day' s
G-I03
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Equator
Equator
in a day
from a day
through-earriage
dating, date
day
head
main subjeet
as the main subjeet
my head
main offiee
ehief, boss, direetor
overeoat
prime minister, premier
headaehe
headaehe
main restaurant
main eourse, main dish
main dishes
for main eourse
pear
(we don't) get
we get
1 get
got, was admitted
1 would go
Easter
after
to get (into)
judging
to deduee, draw a eonelusion
to be deeided
to wind up
to decide
you deeide
ends
to end
G-I04
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pt=t-v=inen
1 adj.
p-t
13 P
p-t-ni
10 P poss. suff.
p=t-ks-i-st
10 p El (ef. pts)
pty-
4 P
pyd-ll
2 Ad (ef. pyt)
pyd-ss
3 1n (ef. pyt)
pyt
2
pyt+tennikse-n
10 G (ef. tennis)
pyt+tennis
10
pyt+vara=us
5
pyt+vara=ukse-t
5 pN (ef. varaus)
pyt-n
3 11
determined
head
my head
decision
nonsense
on the table
at the table
table
table tennis
table tennis
table reservation
table reservations
table
(R)
Raamatu-n
13 G (ef. Raamattu)
raanu-t
6 pN
raahat-a
8
raas+tuva-n+oike=us
14
radikaali-lla
12 Ad
radio
4
radio-n
4 G
6 pres. pass. pep.
radio+ohja-tta-va
(ef. ohjata)
radio-sta
4 El
radio-ta
4 P
radio+te=itse
6 tie)
rae 11
rae+juusto
7
rae+sad=e-tta
11 P
raha
5
raha-a
3 P
raha+aukko
7
raha=sta=ja
7
7 Al
raha=sta=ja-lle
14 G (ef. rahoitus)
rah=oit=ukse-n
6 (cf. raita)
raida=llinen
Bible
bedspread, eounterpane
to drag
munieipal court
radieal
radio
radio
radio controIIed
from the radio
radio
radio
hail
a kind of eottage eheese
hailstorm
money
money
eoin sIot
eonduetor (bus)
to the eolleetor (of fees)
finaneing
striped
G-IOS
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
raide
8
railo
11
raitio+vaunu
4
raitio+vaunu-Ila
4 Ad
raitio+vaunu-ssa
7 1n
raitio+vaunu-un
7 11
raitis
13
raittii-l1e
9 AI (ef. raitis)
raja
12
raja=ton
8
raja=ttoma=sti
8 adv. rajaton)
rake=nn=uks-i-a
12 pP
rakennus+mestari
13
rakennus+taid=e
6
rakennus+tait=ee-n
12 G (ef. taide)
rake=ntee-sta
14 El (ef. rakenne)
rake=ntu-u
14 s3 (ef. rakentua)
rakkaa-mme
13 poss. suff. (ei. rakas)
rakkaa-mpa-a
14 eompar. P (ei. rakas)
rankka+sad=e
11
rankka+sad=e-tta
11 P
rann=ikko
12 (ef. ranta)
rannikko+ves-i-Il
10 pAd
ranska=lainen
1
ranska=lais-ten
9 p G
ranta
12
ranta-a
14 P
rapako-n
8 G (ef. rapakko)
rappu
7
rapu
5
rapu+juhl-i-a
5 pP (ef. juhla)
rapu-ssa
7 1n (ef. rappu)
raska=ude-n
10 G (ef. raskaus)
raskauden+aja-n
10 G (ef. aika)
rasti
14
rasva=ton
7
rasva=ton-ta
7 P
ratk=ais-taan
14 pres. pass. (ef. ratkaista)
rail, traek
eraek in the iee, rift
streetear, train
by streetear
in the streetear
(in)to the streetear
nondrinking, sober, temperate
temperate, nondrinking
border
limitless
without limitation (lit., limitlessly)
buildings
building eontraetor, builder
art of building, arehiteeture
art oi building, arehiteeture
strueture
be eomposed, be eonstrueted
our loved one
more dear
downpour
downpour
eoast
in eoastal waters
French
French
shore
shore
puddle (humorous expression for Atlantie Oeean)
entranee, stair
erayfish
erayfish parties
at the entranee
pregnaney
during pregnaney
eheek mark
nonfat
nonfat milk (lit., fatless)
is (are) decided
G-I06
ratsa=st=us
10
ratti+juo=ppo=us
14
rauha
13
rauhan+oma=inen 8
rauk=aise-e
8 s3 (ef. raukaista)
rauk=ais-ta
8 1
Rauma-n
5 G
rauta+osa=sto
6
rauta+tie
8
rauta+tie+asema
2
rauta+tie+kulje=t=ukse-t 8 pN (ef. kuljetus)
ravi=nto+la
2
ravi=nto=la-a
2 P
ravi=nto=la-mme
5 poss. suff.
ra~i=nto=la-t-kin
5 pN
ravintola+vaunu
9
ravu-n+kuv-i-n
5 plnstr. (ef. kuva)
reik
10
rengas
7
rengas=mainen
12
renkaa-t
7 pN (ef. rengas)
rento=udu-taan
8 pres. pass. reflex.
(cf. rentoutua)
rento=utta-va-a
10 pres. aet. pep. P
(ef. rentouttaa)
rento=utu-mise-n
8 IV G (ef. rentoutuminen)
rento=ut-us
10
resepti
10 eolloq.
retke=ile-minen
10 IV (ef. retkeill)
retkeily+vaunu
9
re~o-n+tule-t
11 pN (ef. tuli)
riippu-ma=ton jstk 14 111
riippu-u jstk
14 s3 (ef. riippua)
riisi+puuro-a
13 P
riitt-
3 1
rikki
7
13 pN (ef. rikos)
riko=kse-t
8 P adj.
riko=lUs-ta
riding
drunken driving
peaee
peaeeful
feels drowsy
to feel drowsy
a proper name
hardware department
railway
railway station
rail(way) transport
restaurant
restaurant
our restaurant
even the restaurants
dining ear
(with) erayfish pietures
eavity, hole
tire, ring
ringlike, annular (astronomy)
tires
one relaxes
relaxing
relaxation
relaxation
reeipe
hiking, eamping
exeursion ear
northern Ughts
independent
depend on
riee porridge
suffiee
broken
erimes
eriminal
G-I07
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
rintama+lis
ripe~yt-t
14
9 P (ef. ripeys)
ripe=sti
9
rippi+koulu-ssa
13 1n
ripu=sta-a 9 1 tr.
riste=il=y-it
7 El
ris te=i l=y-n
12 G
riste=ys
8
risti-n
7 G
risti=ise-t
13 pN
r1V1
9
rivi-st
9 El
rivi+talo
1
rohkea
1
romantt=inen
1
romu
4
romu-ksi
4 T
roomalais+katolinen
13 adj.
roska+pnt-n
7 G (eL pntt)
rouva
1
rouva-n
6 G
rouva-lIe
4 Al
ruis
3
rukka=nen
6
rukous+piv-n
13 G
rukous+sunnuntai
13
rul1i-t eol1oq. 13 pN
runko+patja
9
ruoka
3
ruoka-a
4 P
ruoka+halu-a
5 P
ruoka=il=u
9
ruokailu+paikka
7
ruoka+lista
5
ruoka+lista-an
5 Il
ruoka+lusikka
3
ruoka+ohj=e
5 N
ruoka+pyt
9
veterans' supplement
quiekness, briskness
briskly
confirmation school
to hang (up), suspend
from the cruise
cruise
intersection
cross
christening party
row, line
from the row
townhouse, rowhouse
brave
romantic
wreck
wreck
Roman Catholic
trash can
Mrs.
Mrs.
to the lady
rye
mitten
day set for general prayers
day of prayer
trolls
box spring
food
food
appetite
dining
eating place
menu
menu
tablespoon
reeipe (dial-a-recipe)
dining table
G-I08
ruoka+tunti
2
ruoka+val=io
10
ruoto
10
ruotsa=lainen
1
ruotsa=laise-n
6 G (ef. ruotsalainen)
ruotsa=lais=uude-n
13 G (ef. ruotsalaisuus)
Ruotsi-n
2 G
Ruotsi-sta
6 El
ruskea
2
ruskea+suo
7
ruske=hta-va
6 pres. aet. pep. (ef. ruskehtaa)
ruua-sta
3 El (ef. ruoka)
ruua-t
5 pN (ef. ruoka)
ruudu=llinen
6
ruutu-un
14 II
R.Y. abbr. for rekisterity yhdistys 10
ryhdisty
10 imperat. s2
ryhmiin+jak=o
7
ryhm-i-
10 pP
ryhm
14
ryhm+vara=ukse-t
9 pN
ryhm-n
7 Il
ryhty-vt 8 p3 (ef. ryhty)
ryp=ist=y-m=tn
6 ryppy; ef. rypisty)
ryypy-i-ksi
5 pT (ef. ryyppy)
ryyppy
3
rj=hd=ys
4
rj=hd=ys-t
9 P
rnt
11
rnt+sad=e-tta
11 P
rntgen
10
rntgen+kuva-sta
10 El
luneh hour
diet
fish bone
Swedish
Swedish
Swedish eharaeteristie
Sweden's
from Sweden
brown
proper name
brownish
for food
dishes (food)
plaid
square, (window) pane
registered association, ineorporated company
pu11 yourself up
division into groups
groups
group, team
group reservations
(inho group
to start, to set about, to undertake
crease proof
for sehnapps
shot
explosion
explosion
sleet
sleet
x-ray
x-ray
(8)
saa
4 s3
saa-da
1 1
saada aika-an
14
get, may
to get
to accomplish
G-I09
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
saada kyntiin
7
saa-kaan
11 neg. stem+kaan (ef. saada)
saakka
6 postposit. (+illat.)
saa-ko
3 s3 (ef. saada)
saa-ma-ssa
12 III In (ef. saada)
saa-n-ko
1 sl (ef. saada)
saanti+todi=st=ukse-t
7 pN (ef. todistus)
saa-nut
4 past aet. pep. (ef. saada)
saapas
6
saa=pu-a
5 1
saapumis+piv-n
7 G
saa=pu-nut
5 past aet. pep. (ef. saapua)
saa=pu-va
9 pres. aet. pcp. (ef. saapua)
saari
1
saar=isto
12
saarna
13
saarnas+tuole-i-sta
13 pEl (ef. tuoli)
saarnas+tuoli
13
saarnat-a
13
sada'
4 neg. stern (ef. sataa)
sade+takki
6
sa-i
6 past s3 (ef. saada)
sa-i-kin
6 past s3 (ef. saada)
sairaa=la
10
10 I l
sairaa=la-an
sairaa-Ita
10 AbI (ef. sairas)
sairaa-n+hoido-n
14 G (ef. sairas+hoito)
sairas
10
sairas+auto
10
sairas+auto-n
10G
sairastumis+tapa=ukse-t
10 pN
saira=us
10
saira=us+vak=uut=us
14
sa-isi
3 eond. s3 (ef. saada)
sa-isi-ko
3 eond. s3 (ef. saada)
sa-isi-n-ko
1 eond. sl (ef. saada)
sa-isi-nks = saisinko eolloq. 3
sa-is-kos = saisiko eolloq.
3
to start (a ear)
until
ean it?
getting
may I?
eertifieates of reeeipt
reeeived, got
boot
to arrive
day of arrival
arrived
arriving
island
arehipelago
sermon
pulpit
pulpit
to preaeh
to rain
raineoat
got
got
hospital
to the hospital
siek, ill
nursing eare, medical eare
siek
ambulanee
an ambulanee
eases of being ta ken ill
illness
health insuranee
would get
eould, would reeeive
mayjeould 11
eould I have?
eould have?
G-IIO
sakko
14 N
sako-i-l1a
14 pAd (ef. sakko)
saksa
4
saksa=laise-t
8 pN
salaattHkulho
3
sala=is=uude-t
2 pN (ef. salaisuus)
salama
11
salam=oi
11 s3 (ef. salarnoida)
salam=oi-da
11 1
sale-i-ssa
9 pln (ef. sali)
salli-i
13 s3 (ef. sallia)
salli-ttu
7 past pass. pep. (cf. sallia)
salli-va
12 pres. aet. pep. (ef. sallia)
salmi
12
sama-a
1 P
sarna-l1a
4 Ad
sama-n
7 Instr.
sametti
6
sammu-ne-i-den eolloq. 5 past aet. pep. pG
(cf. sammua)
sammu=tta-mise-ksi
13 IV T (ef. sammuttaa)
sana
2
sana-n+lasku 13
sankari+haudo-i-lle
13 pAl (ef. hauta)
sano'
2 imperat. s2 (ef. sanoa)
sano-a
2 I
sano-i
2 past s3 (ef. sanoa)
sano-o
4 s3 (ef. sanoa)
sanoma+lehti
2
sano=ma-t
2 pN
sano=tta-va-a
4 pres. pass. pep. P (ef. sanoa)
sano-ttu
10 past pass. pep. (ef. sanoa)
sarja
4
sarja+lippu
7
sata-a
4 1
satama
5
2 ln (ef. sade)
sat=ee-ssa
satu+jumppa
10
G-lll
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savu+silako-i-ta
7 pP (ef. silakka)
sauna
5
sauna-a
5 P
sauna-an
8 II
sauna+hullu-t
8 pN
sauna+kahvi-t
8 pN
sauna-lle
8 Al
sauna+osa=sto
5
Sauna+seura-n
8 G
sauna-ssa
8 In
sauna-sta
8 El
saun=o-mise-n
8 IV G (ef. saunoa)
saun=o-mi-sta
8 IV El (ef. saunoa)
saunota
8 imperat. s2 (ef. saunottaa)
savu=ke
3
savu=kkee-t
3 pN (et. savuke)
savu=kke-i-ta
5 pP (et. savuke)
savu=ste-l:tu-a
5 past pass. pep. P (ef. savustaa)
se
1
se-hn
3
sein
2
sein-ll
2 Ad
sein+vaate
9
seiso-a
2 1
seiso-o
2 s3 (ef. seisoa)
seiso-va
5 pres. aet. pep. (ef. seisoa)
seitsemn
1
seitsem=nne-ss
2 In (ef. seitsems)
seitsem=s
1
seitsem-n
9 II (ef. seitsemn)
seitsikko
7 noun
seivs+hypp=y
10
sekoite+kangas
6
sektori-n
14 G
se-k
7
selitt-
5 1
selke
11
selke-
4 P
wall
on the wall
wall hanging (lit., wall eloth)
to stand
stands
standing
seven
in the seventh
seventh
seven
seven
pole vault
mixed fabrie
sector
and
to explain
elear
elear
G-112
selk
8
Selk+meri
11
selk-si
8 poss. suff.
selk--ni
10 II poss. suff.
sel=lainen
6 adj. se)
sel=lais-i-lle
7 pAl adj.(ef. sellainen)
sel=lais-ta
10 P adj. (ef. sellainen)
sello
9
selvi=te-tn
8 pres. pass. (ef. selvitt)
selvitys+toim-i-in 8 p II
selv
6
.
selv=sti
6
sem=moinen
6 adj. se)
se-n
3 G/A
sen-tn
10 adv.
se-p
1
serkku
10
set
10
seura=a-ma-ssa
14 111 In (ef. seurata)
seura=a-va
7 pres. aet. pep. (ef. seurata)
seura=a-va-t
9 pres. aet. pep. (ef. seurata)
seura=a-va-lla
7 pres. aet. pep. Ad
seura+kunna-t 13 pN (ef. kunta)
seura+kunta
13
seura=llinen
4
seurat-a
14 1
seuro-j-en
10 p G (ef. seura)
seurue+lippu
9
seutu
12
shekke-j-
8 pP (ef. shekki)
shekki
5
shekki+ti I i
8
shekki+tili-n
8 G
shekki+tili-lle
8 Al
sido-ttu-j-en
14 past pass. pep. pG (ef. sitoa)
sie-ll
1 Ad (ef. se)
sie-ll-hn
3 Ad (ef. se)
sieni
7
baek
Bothnian Sea
your baek
my baek
sueh
sueh
sueh
eello
make elear
administrative (elearing-up) aetions
clear (o.k.)
elearly
sueh
it
G-113
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sien-i-
7 pP
siev
11
sihteeri
14
siika
7
siika-a
7 P
sii-n
2 E (ef. se)
sii-n-hn
1 E (ef. se)
siirr=y 8 imperat. s2 (ef. siirty) intr.
siirt=o=lainen
14
siirto+lippu
7
siirt=y-y
6 s3 (ef. siirty)
siirt=y-
11 1 intr.
siirt-
8 tr.
sii-t
2 El (ef. se)
sijait-a
12 1
sija-sta
9 El (G+) postposit.
sijo-i-Ita-an
10 pAbl poss. suff. (ef. sija)
silaka-Ile
4 AI (ef. silakka)
silaka-n
13 G (ef. silakka)
silakka
3
silakka+pitsa-a
3 P
silako-i-ta
7 pP (ef. silakka)
sili=t=ys
5 (ef. silitt; <sile)
si-Ile 1 AI (ef. se)
silli
3
silli-
3 P
si=lloin-kaan
10 adv. se)
si-Il
4 eonj. (ef. se)
si-Il
8 Ad (ef. se)
silm-Il
5 Ad
silm-nne
10 poss. suff.
silm+taudi-t
10 pN (ef. tauti)
silm+vamma
10
si-It
2 AbI (ef. se)
sima-a
13 P
sinappi+kastike-tta
5 P
sin=inen
2
sin=isen
3 G/A (ef. sininen)
mushrooms
pretty
seeretary
whitefish
whitefish
right there (previously mentioned)
(wellI ) there
to move, to transfer
immigrant, emigrant
transfer tieket
moves, is transferred
to move
to transfer
of it
be situated
instead of
disloeated
herring
Baltie herring
Baltie herring
herring pizza
Baltie herring
ironing
to it
herring
herring
even then
beeause
with it
keep (an eye)
your eyes
eye diseases
eye injury
from that (eolloq.)
mead (a drink made of lemon and hops)
mustard sauee
blue
blue
G-114
sini+valko=isen
3 G/A (ef. valkoinen)
si=nne
1 adv. (ef. se)
sinu-a
2 P (ef. sin)
sinu-n-han
2 G (ef. sin)
sinu-j-a
4 pP (ef. sin)
sinu-Ila
4 Ad (ef. sin)
sinu-Ile
4 AI (ef. sin)
sinu-n+kaupa-t
4 pN (ef. kauppa)
sinu-t
4 A (ef. sin)
sinut=el-kaa
4 imperat. p2 (ef. sinutella)
sinut=el-Iaan
4 pres. pass. (ef. sinutella)
sinut=el-Ia
4 1
sinutt=el=u
4
S1na
1 s2
sin-hn
4
sin-kin
4
sireeni-n 8 G
sis. abbr. of sislly
5 neg. stem (ef. sislty)
sisar
10
sisare-n
10 G (ef. sisar)
sisar=ukse-t
10
sisko
10
sis=us=ta-a
9 1
14
sis+asia-i-n+ministeri
14
sis+asia-i-n+minister=i
sis+jalki=nee-t
10 pN (cf. jalkine)
sis-Ile 8 AI adv.
sisl=l=ys
7
sis-Il
10 Ad adv.
sisl=ty-y
9 s3 intr. (ef. sislty)
sisl=ty-y-ks = sislty-y-k
5 eolloq.
sisl=ty-y-k
5 pres. s3 intr. (ef. sislty)
sisl=ty-
5 1 intr.
sisl=t-
14 s3 tr.
sis+taudi-t
10 pN (ef. tauti)
sis+tauti+sairaa=la-t
10 pN
sis+tilo-i-hin 8 pII (ef. tila)
G-115
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s1sa-an
1 II
sisn+ky=nti
9
sisn+psy+maks=u
5
si=tten
1
si-t 1 P (ef. se)
siunaus+tilais=uus
13
siveys+oppi
14
siviili+rekisteri
13
siviili+rekisteri-in 13 II
siviili+st=y
io
sivu
2
sivu-i-Ita
6 pAbl
sivu-Ha
2 AbI
sivu-un
8II
skool
1
skorpioni
1
snapsi-t 3 p NjA
sohjo
11
sohva
9
sohva+pyt
9
soi
14 imperat. s2 (ef. soida)
so=inen
12.adj. (ef. suo)
so-i-ta
12 pP (ef. suo)
soita-t 5 s2
soi=ta-mme
10 pl (ef. soittaa)
soi=tta-a
2 1 tr.
soi=tta-kaa
9 imperat. p2 (ef. soittaa)
soi=tta-ma-Ila
6 111 Ad (ef. soittaa)
soi=tt=o
6
sokea=i-n+lhe=t=ykse-t
7 pN (ef. lhetys)
sokeri
3
sokeri-a
3 P
sokeri+astia
3
sokeri+herne-i-t
7 pP
solm=io
6
Sonnisen
5 G (ef. Sonninen)
soopa
4 eolloq.
soopa-a
eolloq. 4 P
into
entranee
entrance fee
then
it
burial serviee
ethies
civil register
civil register
maritaI status
page, side
from the sides
from the page
to the shoulder/side
here is to your health
seorpio, seorpion
aqua vitae
slush
sofa, eoueh
eoffee table
ring, sound
swampy
swamps
you ca11
we' 11 ca11
to phone, to play
ca11
by phoning
ca11
dispatehes for blind people
sugar
sugar
sugar dish
sugar pies
tie
proper name
nOnsense
nonsense
G-116
soosi eo11oq. 5
sopi-a
3 1
sopi-i-han
4 s3 (ef. sopia)
sopi-i-ko
3 s3 (ef. sopia)
sopi=mus
9
sopi=mukse-n
9 G (ef. sopimus)
sopi-nee-t
14 past aet. pep. (ef. sopia)
sopi-va
4 pres. aet. pep. (ef. sopia)
sopi-va-a
4 pres. aet. pep. P (ef. sopia)
sopi-va-ksi
9 pres. aet. pep. T (ef. sopia)
sopi-va-Ita
9 pres. aet. pep. AbI (ef. sopia)
sora
12
sorm-i-a-ni
9 pP poss. suff.
sormi=kkaa-t
6 pN (ef. sormikas)
sorm=ukse-n
10 G (ef. sormus)
sosiaali+avu=st=uks-i-a
14 pP apu-avustaa)
sosiaali+hallit=us
14
sosiaali~huol=t=o
14
sosiaali+huolto+osa=sto
14
sosiaali-j terveysministeri
14
sosiaali-jaterveys+minister=i
14
sosiaali+vakuutus+maksu-j-en 14 pG
sosialidemokraatti=nen 14
sotilas+asia+mies
4
sotke-a
14 1
sovi'
3 neg.stem (ef. sopia)
sovinto+juhla
13 (ef. sovittaa)
sovi=tta-a
6 1 tr.
sovi=t=us
6
sovitus+huonee-t
6 pN (ef. huone)
stadion-i-Ile
7 AI
standardisoimis+jrje=st-n
13 G
Stoekmann-i-lle
6 AI (ef. Stockmann)
Stoekmann-i-n
6 G (ef. Stockmann)
suo abbr. of sunnuntai
5
substantiive-j-a
1 P (ef. substantiivi)
sauee
to suit, to fit
it suits
is i t a11 right
agreement, treaty
agreement
agreed
suitable
suitable
eonvenient, suitable
suitable
gravel
my fingers
knitted gloves
ring
relief, social welfare assistanee
social welfare administration
social welfare (work)
social welfare division
minister for social ~ffairs and health,
seeretary of health and welfare
ministry for social welfare and health
affairs, Department of Health and Welfare
social insuranee payment
social demoerat
military attaehe
to mix
to suit
feast of reeoneiliation
try on, reeoneile
fitting
fi t ting rooms
to the stadium
standardization offiee
to Stoekmann's
Sunday
nouns
G-117
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
suhde
13
suhta=udu-taan
8 pres. pass. pep. (ef. suhtautua)
suht=ee=llinen vaali+tapa
14
suhteen
7 (G+) postposit.
suju-a
4 1
suju-i
4 past s3 (ef. sujua)
suju-u
1 s3 (ef. sujua)
suju-va=sti
4 pres. aet. pep. adv. (ef. sujua)
suka-t
6 pN (ef. sukka)
sukka
6
suklaa
3
suku
10
suku-a
10 P
suku=lainen
10
suku=lais-i-a
10 pP (ef. sukulainen)
suku=lais-ten
13 p G (ef. sukulainen)
suku+puu-Ila-si
10 Ad poss. suff.
sula-a
11 1 intr.
sula=ke
9
sula-vat
10 p3 (ef. sulaa)
sulhanen
10
sulj. abbr. for sulje-ttu 10 (ef. sulkea)
sulje'
3 irnperat. 82 (ef. sulkea)
sulje-ttu
9 past pass. pep. (ef. sulkea)
sulje-ttu-na
10 past pass. pep. E (ef. sulkea)
sulka+pallo
10
sulke=utu-va-n
12 pres. aet. pep. Instr.
(et. sulkeutua)
sulle = sinulle eolloq.
4 AI
sul=u-i-ssa
10 pln (ef. sulku+rnerkit)
summa
5
surnrna-n
8 G
summ-i=tta=inen
12
sumu
11
surnu=inen
11
11 P (ef. sumuinen)
sumu=is-ta
sunnuntai
1
relationsbip
to take an attitude, to reaet
proportional representation
with regard to, regarding
to flow
go smootbly
it goes
fluently
soeks, stoekings
soek, stoeking
eboeolate
extended family
relation
relative
relatives
relatives
witb your farnily tree
to melt
fuse
melt
bridegroom, fianee
elosed
elose
elosed
elosed
badminton
retieent (1y)
to you
in parentbesis
sum
surn
rough, summary
fog
foggy
foggy
Sunday
G-IIB
sunnuntai-n
1 G
sunnuntai-na
4 E
sunnunta=isin
suo
12
suoja
11
suojat-a 11 1
suoja+tie
8
suoj=el=us
13
suola
3
suola-a
3 P
suola=a-minen
5 IV (ef. suolata)
suola=is-ta
13 P (ef. suolainen)"
suoma=lainen
2 suomi)
suoma=laise-en
5 II (ef. suomalainen)
suoma=laise-Ile
8 Ad (ef. suomalainen)
suoma=laise-n
8 G (ef. suomalainen)
suoma=laise-t
5 pN (ef. suomalainen)
suoma=lais-i-Ile
6 pII (ef. suomalainen)
suoma=lais-i-sta
5 pEI (ef. suomalainen)
suomalais+ryhm-n
12 G
suoma=lais-ta
4 P (ef. suomalainen)
suome-a
4 P (ef. suomi)
suome-e = suomea eolloq.
4 P
Suome-en
1 II (ef. Suomi)
suome-n
1 G (ef. Suomi, suomi)
Buome-ksi
2 T (ef. suomi)
suome-n+kielise-t 13 pN (ef. kielinen)
Suome-n+lahde-n
11 G (ef. lahti)
Suome-n+lahti
11
suomennos+komitea-ssa
13 In
Suome-ssa
4 In (ef. Suomi)
Suome-sta
1 El (ef. Suomi)
Suomi
1
suora-an
2 11 adv.
8 adv. poss. suff.
suora-sta-an
suori=ta-mme
6 pl (ef. suorittaa)
suosi=t=el-la
5 1
5 s3 (ef. suositella)
suosi=tt=ele-e
of Sunday
on Sunday
on Sundays
swamp
thaw
to thaw, to proteet
pedestrian erossing
proteetion
salt
salt
salting
salty
Finnish
Finnish
for a Finn, Finnish
a Finn
Finnish
for the Finns
from Finnish, of Finnish
a group of Finns
Finnish
Finnish
Finnish
into Finland
Finnish language
in Finnish
Finnish-speaking
Gulf of Finland
Gulf of Finland
eommittee to translate into Finnish
in Finland
"from Finland
Finland
straight
downright
we perform
to reeommend
reeommends
G-119
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suosi=tt=ele-mme
8 p1 (ef. suositella)
suosi=tt=ele-tte
5 p2 (ef. suositella)
suosi-tu-in
5 past poss. pep. superlat.
(ef. suosittu, suosia)
super-i-a
7 P
suppea-mpi
14 eompar.
sure
11 neg. stem (ef. surra)
sur=u
13
suru+lipu=t=ukse-en
13 II
sur=u-u-nne
13 II. poss. suff.
suunna-ssa
12 In (ef. suunta)
suunna=ttoma=sti
9 adv. suunnaton)
suu-nne
10 poss. suff.
suunn-i-Ile-en
12 pAl poss. suff.
suunnit=el-Ia
12 1
suunnit=el-tu
5 past pass. pep. (ei. suunnitella)
suunnitt=ele-m-i-a
6 111 pP (ef. suunnitella)
suunta
3
suunta-an
2 11
suuren=ta-a
6 1 suuri)
suur+er-i-n
7 pE (ef. er)
suuri
2
suur-immi-Ila-an
12 superlat. Ad poss. suff.
(cf. suurin)
suur-in
7 superl.
suur-i-na
4 pE
suur+lhe=t=y=st-ss
1 In
suur-i-ssa
9 pln
suur+tanssi-t
9 pN
suu-ssa
3 In
SVUL abbr. for Suomen voimistelu-ja
urheiluliitto
sydme=llise-t
13 pN (ei. sydmellinen; < sydn)
sydn
10
sydn+kohta=us
10
sydn+saira=us
10
syksy
1
we reeommend
reeommend
most popular
super (high oetane)
eoneise, narrow, short
to mourn
sorrow, mourning
flying of a flag at half-mast
your sorrow
in the direetion
immensely
your mouth
approximately
to design, to pIan
pianned, designed
designed (by)
direetion
direetion
to enlarge
in large quantities
large, great, big
at its biggest
largest
as great, big
in the embassy
large, big
large seale dances
in the mouth
Finnish Gymnasties and Sport
League (right wing)
eordial, hearty
heart
heart attaek
heart disease
fall, autumo
G-120
syksy=isin
10
sylke-k
10 imperat. p2 (cf. sylke)
sylke-
10 1
synagoga
13
synnyin+maa
14 synty)
synnytys+el=im-i-st
10 pEI (cf. elin)
synnytys+sairaa=la-t
10 pN
synny=tt-ne-i-den
10 past act. pcp. pG
(cf. synnytt)
synny=tt-ne-i-Ile
10 pAI (cf. synnytt)
synty=isin
1
syntym+piv
1
syntym+piv-ni
1 poss. suff.
s. abbr. for syntynyt
13
synty-nyt
1 past act. pcp. (cf. synty)
SYP abbr. of Suomen Yhdyspankki
5
syv-imm-Il
12 superl. Ad (cf. syvin; < syv)
syysHstunto+kaude-Ua
14 Ad (cL kausi)
syys+kausi
10
syys+kuu
1
syys+kuu-ta-ko
1 P
sy-d
3 I
sy-dn
13 pres. pass.
sy-m-ss
5 III In (cf. syd)
shk=e
8
shk=ee-n
8 G (cf. shke)
shk=
9
shk+isk=u
10
shk+juna
9
shk+juna+liike=nne
9
shk+katk=o
11
shk+sano=ma
8
shk+sano=ma-i-n
5 pG
s-hn = sin-hn colloq.
4
sil=yt=ys
9
silytys+lokero
9
sil-minen
7 IV (cf. sil)
silnt+tarvi=kkee-t
7 pN
in the faU
spitl
to spit
synagogue
the land of birth
genitals
maternity hospitals
those who have delivered (a baby)
for those who have delivered
by birth
birthday
my birthday
born
born
United Bank of Finland
at its deepest, at its most profound
in the fall session (term)
fall season
September
of September
to eat
one eats
eating
telegram
telegram
electrici ty
electric shock
electric train
electric train service
power failure
telegram
telegram
you
cloakroom
(luggage) locker
preserving, canning
canning ingredients, preservatives
G-121
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
you, too
bed
you broke
hurts, (it) aches
to hurt, pain
fragile
fragite, breakable
weather
was passed/legislated
regular
without rules, irregular
rules
shinbone
mosquito
thrifty
to save
savings bank
a savings account
weather report
weather report
foundation, institution
House of Estates (historical place)
legislate, pass a law
1 ate
should 1 eat7
(T)
taala
5
taas
2
tahdi=kas
1
tahdo-n
4 sl (cf. tahtoa)
tahko+juusto-a
7 P
taho-j-en
14 pG
tahto-a
11 1
tai
3
taidat
3 neg. stem (ef. taitaa)
taide+halli
9
dollar
again
tactful
1 want/will
Swiss cheese
quarter, source
tend, to wi 11
or
may
art gallery
G-122
taide+suunta=uks-i-sta
6 pEl
taide+te=o=llis=uud-en
6 pG (ef. teollisuus)
taide+te=o=llis=uus
6 teko < tehd)
taide+teollisuus+koulu
6
taide+te=o=llis=uut-ta
P (ef. teollisuus)
taiko-j-a
13 pP (ef. taika)
taimen
7
tais-i
10 past s3 (ef. taitaa)
taita-a
3 1
tait=ee=llinen
1 taide)
tait=ee=llis-i-a
6 pP (ef. taiteellinen)
tait=ee-n
6 G (ef. taide)
tait=e=ili=ja
9
tait=e=ili=ja-t
6 pN
taito+luist=el=u
10
taivaa-n+merki-t
1 pN (ef. taivas+merkki)
taivas
11
taju=a'
2 neg. stern (ef. tajuta)
tajuttomuus+tila
10
taju-u=tajua
2 neg. stern eolloq.
taka-a
6 P (G+) postposit.
takaisin
6 adv.
taka-na
6 E (G+) postposit.
taka+talvi
11
takia
13 (G+) postposit.
taki-t
6 pN (ef. takki)
takka+huone
5
takki
6
takki-a-nne
5 P poss. suff.
takki+osa=sto-lla
6 Ad
takse-j-a
5 pP (ef. taksi)
taksi
5
taksi+asema
6
taksi+auto-a
6 P
6 II (ef. keskus)
taksi+kesku=kse-en
taksi+kesku=s
6
talle+lokero-on
5 Il
talle=tta-a
8 1
art trend
industrial art
industrial art
sehool of industrial art
art industry
magie, witeheraft
trout
might
may, might
artistie
artistie
aet
artist
artists
figure skating
signs of the Zodiae
sky, heaven
(1 don't) grasp, get
eoma
to grasp, to understand
behind, beyond
baek
behind
return of winter (lit., baek winter)
due to, beeause of
eoat
room with fireplaee
eoat
your eoat
eoat department
taxis
taxi
taxi stand
taxieabs
to the taxi eenter
taxi (telephone) operator
safe, bank box
to deposit
G-123
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ta 11etus+ti l i
8
talo
1
talo-n
G/A
4
talo-n+mies
9
talo-n+poikais+tyyli-
12 P
talo-j-a
6 pP
talo-n+poikais+huone+kalu-t
6 pN
talo-n+poikais+rake=nn=uka-i-ssa 6 pln
(ef. rakennus)
talous+jrje=st=
12
talous+tiet=o
14
talve-a
10 P (ef. talvi)
talvi
1
talvHfarku-t
6 pN (ef. farkku)
talvi+hattu
6
talvi+kausi
10
talvHkeng-t
6 pN (eL kenk)
talvHlakki
6
talvi+poplari-t
6 pN
talvHsaappaa-t
6 pN (ef. saapas)
tauuni
1
tauuni+kuu
1
tango-ssa
13 In (ef. tanko)
tankat-a
7 I
tankkaa'
7 imperat. 82 (ef. tankata)
tankki
7
tanska
4
tanssi
5
tanssi-a
9 1
tanssi-a
5 P
tanssi-ma-an. 9 111 II (ef. tanssia)
tapa 5
tapa=a-ma-an
7 111 II (ef. tavata)
tapa=a-n
5 11
tapa=htu-a
4 1
tapa=htu-isi
9 eond. neg. stem (ef. tapahtua)
tapa=htu-nut
2 past aet. pcp. (ef. tapahtua)
tapa+turma
14
savings aeeount
house
house
janitor
ruralvernaeular
houses
peasant furniture, rustie furniture
peasant buildings (rural)
eeonomic organization
eeonomics
winter
winter
winter jeans
winter hat
winter season
winter shoes
winter vest
winter poplin eoata
winter boots
oak
January
hoisted, on the pole
to fi11 (tank)
fi 11 the tank I
tank
Danish language
danee
to dance
dance, dancing
to danee
eustom, way, habit
to meet
style, manner
to happen
would (not) happen
happened
(work) aecident
G-124
tapa+turma+tapa=ukse-t
10 pN (ef. tapaus)
tapa=ukse-ssa
8 In
tapa=us
8
taputta-a
9 1
taret=a
8 1
tarino-i-ta
10 pP (ef. tarina)
tarjo=i1i=ja
5
tarj o=il-la
5 1
tarjo=il-laan
5 pres. pass. (ef. tarjoilla)
tarjo=il=u-sta
5 El
tarjoilu+vati
3
tarjo-Ha
10 Ad
tarjot=a
3 1
tarjo-taan
13 pres. pass.
tarjot=in
3
tarjous+osa=sto
6
tarka=sta-a
7 1 tarkka)
tarka=ste-taan-ko
7 pres. pass. (ef. tarkastaa)
tarka=sti
2 (ef. tarkka)
tarka=st=us
5
tarke=ne-e
8 s3 (ef. tareta)
tarkka
2
tarkka=il=u
10
tark=oite-ttu
10 past pass. pep. (ef. tarkoittaa)
tark=oit=us
12
tarp=ee-sta
12 El (er. tarve)
tarttu-va-t
10 pres. aet. pep. pN (ef. tarttua)
tarvit=a
2 1
tarv=itse'
4 neg. stern (ef. tarvita)
tarv=itse-tte
10 p2 (ef. tarvita)
tarv=itse-tte-ko
2 p2 (ef. tarvita)
tarv=itse-tte-ks = tarvitsetteko
2 p2 eolloq.
tarvi-tta-e-ssa
6 pass II In (ef. tarvita)
tarv=itse-mme
9 pl (ef. tarvita)
tarv=itse-t
6 s2 (ef. tarvita)
tasa=inen
11
tasa=is-ta
11 P
G-125
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
tasa-n
2 lnstr. adv.
tasa+pain=o
14
tasa+valla-n
13 G (ef. valta)
tasku
6
tas=oite-taan
6 pres. pass. (ef. tasoittaa)
tas=oitta-a
6 1 tr.
6 1
tas=oit=utta-a
taso+riste=ys
8
tauko
2
taulu
2
taulu=ko-n
12 G (eL taulukko)
tauti
10
tava-Ila
6 Ad (ef. tapa)
tava=llinen
7 tapa)
tava=llinen-kin
8 adj.
tava=llise-n
7 G (ef. tavallinen)
tava=llise-na
7 E (ef. tavallinen)
tava=llis-i-a
7 pP adj. (ef. tavallinen)
tava=llis-ta
7 P (ef. tavallinen)
tavan-nut
1 past aet. pep. (ef. tavata)
tavara-a
7 P
tavara+juna
9
tavara+liike=ntee-n
9 G (ef. liikenne)
tavara+lue=tt=el=o-t
7 pN
tavara-n
6 G
tavar+ny=tt=ee-t
7 pN (eL nyte)
tavara+selo=st=ee-t
7 pN (ef. seloste)
tavara+talo
2
tavara+talo-ssa 6 1n
tavat=a
1 l
tava-taan
9 pres. pass. (ef. tavata)
tava-tta-v-i-ssa
5 pres. pass. pep. pln
(ef. tavata)
tavo-i-n
5 p1nstr. (ef. tapa)
tavu
2
te
1 p2 polite sg.
teatteri
4
teatteri+lipu-t
9 pN (ef. lippu)
sharp, exaetly
balanee
republie
poeket
is trimmed
trim, level
to have trimmed
level erossing
pause
blaekboard
ehart
disease
way, manner
ordinary
ordinary
ordinary, regular
as regular
regular, ordinary
ordinary
met
goods
freight train
freight traffie
sales eatalogues
goods
samples of goods
deseriptions of goods
department store
in the department store
to meet
let's meet
available
(by) ways
syllable
you
theater
theater tiekets
G-126
teatteri-ssa
4 In
teatteri+ohje=lma-t
5 pN
tee
3
tee+lusikka
3
tee+makkara
7
tee+makkara-a
7 P
tee-mme
10 p1 (ef. tehd)
tee-t
7 52 (ef. tehd)
tee-t
3 P
tee+vati
3
teevee
4
teevee-n
4 G
teevee-t = televisiota
4 eolloq. P
teh-d
1 1
teh-dn
4 pres. pass. (ef. tehd)
tehta-i-ta 8 pP (ef. tehdas)
teh-ty
3 past pass. pep. (ef. tehd)
te-hn
1
emph.
te-i-dn
1 pG (ef. te)
te-i-l1e
1 pAl
teillon = teill on
2 eolloq.
te-i-ll
1 pAd
te-i-lt
9 pAbl
teini
6
teini+koo-t
6 pN (ef. koko)
te-i-n
9 pE
te-i-st
6 El
te-i-tte
4 past p2 (ef. tehd)
teke-e
1 s3 (ef. tehd)
teke-mis-t
4 IV P (ef. tehd)
tek-i
8 past s3 (ef. tehd)
tek-isi
11 cond. pres. s3 (ef. tehd)
teki-vt
6 p3 (ef. tehd)
teko+kuitu
6
teko+kuitu-a
6 P
tekstiile-i-lle
6 pAl (ef. tekstiili)
tekstiili-t
6 pN
tekstiili+te=o=llis=uute-en
6 II (ef. teollisuus)
in the theater
theater programs
tea
teaspoon
bologna
bologna
we'll make
(you) do
some tea
saueer
TV
TV
TV
to do, make
one does, "let's do"
faetories
done
you
your
to you
you have
(with) you
from you
junior, teenager
junior miss sizes
as you (if 1 were you)
about you
you did
does, makes
doing
did
would do
did
synthetie tiber
synthetie tiber
for the textiles
textiles
textile industry
G-127
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
televisio
4
televisio-n
2 G
televisio-sta
4 El
televisio-ta
4 P
telkka=ri
4 eolloq.
telkkari-n
4 G eolloq.
Ternppeli+auk=io-n
12 G
tennis
10
tennis+kentt
10
tennis+kent-ll
10 Ad (ef. kentt)
tennis+kurssi-t
10
te=o=llis=uude-n
6 G (ef. teollisuusj < tehd)
teol. yo. abbr. tor teologian ylioppilas 10
terve
1
terveh=d=ykse-t
1 pN (ef. tervehdys)
terveh=d=ys
13
terveh=ti-
13 1
terve=ise-t
8 pN (et. terveinen)
terve-is-i-
8 pP (et. terveinen)
terve+tul=o-a
1 P
terve=yde-ksi
1 (et. terveys)
terveyde-n+huolto-a
14 P
terveyde-n+huolto+osa=sto
14
terveys+kesku=kse-n
10 G (ef. keskus)
testa=us
10
ti abbr. ot tiistai
5
tie
1
tiede+kunta
14
tiede+kunta
13
tiede-t
4 neg. stern pres. pass. (et. tiet)
tied=o=ttaa 8 1
tied=ot=ukse-en
11 II (ef. tiedotus)
tiedu=st=el=u-t 9 pN
tied
2 neg. stern (et. tiet)
tied-mme
5 pl (et. tiet)
tied-n
2 sl (et. "tiet)
tied-tte-k
2 p2 (ef. tiet)
television
of the TV
on television
television
television
TV's
temple square
tennis
tennis eourt
on the tennis eourt
tennis lessons
industry's
student ot theology
healthy
greetings
greetings
to greet
greetings
greetings
weleome
to/for health
publie health
publie health division (department)
health eenter
testing
Tuesday
road, way
faeulty, school
faeulty
know
to inform, announee
report, information
inquiries
know
we know
1 know
do you know?
G-128
tie-n
2 G
tie-n+haara
8
tie-n+mutka
8
tien-nyt
11 past aet. pep. (ef. tiet)
tie-n+riste=ys
8
tie-n+viita-n
8 G (ef. viitta)
tie-n+vii tta
8
tieten-kn
9
tieto-ja 8 pP
tie-tty-n
12 past pass. pcp. E (ef. tiet)
tie-tty-yn
5 past pass. pep. 11 tiedettyyn)
(eL tiet)
tie-ty=sti
3 past pass. pep. (ef. tiet)
tie-t
5 P
tie=t=mttm=yyde-ksi
12 T (ef. tietmttmyys)
tiet-
2 I
tihku+sad=e
11
tihku+sad=e-tta
11 P (ef. sade)
tiij-tte-ks = tiedttek
6 dial. eolloq.
tiij-t-k = tiedtk
6
dial. for
tiistai
1
tila
9
tila=a-minen
6 IV (ef. tilata)
tilaa-t 5 s2 (ef. tilata)
tila-lIe
7 Ad (G+) postposit.
tila=nne
11
tila=sto
14
tilat=a
6 1
tila=taan
6 pres. pass. (ef. tilata)
6 G (ef. tilaus)
tila=ukse-n
5 pN (ef. tilaus)
tila=ukse-t
tili
6
tili-lt
8 AbI
8
tili -n+yli=t=ys
tili-
6 P
tilli-
7 P
road
fork in a road
eurve in the road
know
junetion, erossroad
road sign
road sign
of eourse (not)
information, knowledge
as known, eertain
eertain, known
of eourse
way
ignoranee
to know
drizzle
drizzle
do you know?
Tuesday
spaee
ordering
to order, to subscribe
in plaee of
situation
statisties
to order, to subseribe
is ordered
order
orders, subseriptions
aeeount
from an aecount
overdraft of an account
aceount
dill
G-129
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
timantti+koru-t
6 p\"
tippa+leip-i-en
13 P G (cf. leip)
tiskat=a
10 1
titteli
1
titteli-t
4 p~
tiukka
6
tms. abbr. for tai muu sellainen
10
to abbr. of torstai
5
tode-lla
S Ad adv. (eL tosi)
tode=llis-ta
9 P (ef. todellinen; < tosi)
todi=sta=ja-t 13 p\"
todi=sta-n 14 s1 (ef. todistaa)
todi=sta-vat
9 p3 (ef. todistaa; < tosi)
to-hon = tuo-hon eolloq. 2 11
tohtori
1
tohtori-lla
10 Ad
toi = tuo
eolloq.
toime-e-nsa
13 Il poss. suff. (cf. toimi)
toime-en+pan=o-sta
14 El
toime-en+pano+valta
14
toime-en+pan-tu
14 past pass. pep. (eL panna)
toimi-a 8 1
toimi-i
7 s3 (cf. toimia)
toimi=nta-nsa
6 poss. suff.
toiminta+ohj=ee-t 8 p~
diamond je\>"elry
special cookies
to \>"ash the dishes
title
titles
tight
or other sueh thing
Thursday
truly, really
rea 1
\-"itnesses
to \-"i tness
testify, bear \>"itness
to that
doctor
the doctor (has)
that
(into) his/her offiee
exeeution
exeeutive po\-,'er
exeeuted, earried out
to aet, to funetion
funetions, \-"orks
its operation/aetion/function
direetives (of aetion), instruetions
toiminta+paika-lla
10 Ad (ef. paikka)
toimi.=sto
2
toimi=sto-ssa
2 In
toimi=te-taan
8 pres, pass. (ef. toimittaa)
toimi=tta-a perille
8 1; Al
toimi=t=us
14
toimi-va
9 pres. aet. pep. (eL toimia)
toinen
1
toise-en
1 Il (cf. toinen)
toise-lla
2 Ad (ef. toinen)
G-130
toise-n
6 G (cf. t~inen)
toise-na
13 E (cf. toinen)
toissa+piv-n
1 E (ef. toinen)
toise-ssa
9 1n (ef. toinen)
toisinaan
9 adv.
toisi-n sano-e-n
13 II 1nst. (et. sanoa)
toista-a
2 1
toista-kaa
2 irnperat, p2 (et, toistaa)
tois-ta+k~~en-t
12 P (ef. ~~eoen)
toivo-a
1 1
toivo-o
13 s3 (ef. toivoa)
toivo-taan
1 pres. pass. (cf. toivoa)
toivo=tta-va=sti
1 pres. pass. pep. adv.
(et. toivoa)
8
toki
jo toki
l toki
.)
pP (et. tomaatti)
tornaatte-j-a
4
tomera=sti
tonttu
13
topa-tu-t
G past pass. pep, p~ (ef. topata)
toppa+kangas
6
toppa+pusero
6
toppa+takki
6
tori
7
tori-lle
7 /\1
tori-t
5 p~
torni-ssa
5 10
torju-va=sti
12 pres. aet, pep. adv.
(et. torjua)
torstai
1
torvi 8
tosiaan-kin
11 adv.
tosin
14 adv.
tosi=t=e
8
tota = tuota
6 eolloq.
tot-ta
2 P (cf. tosi)
tottu-a
jhko
8
seeond
the seeond
day before yesterday
in the seeond
sornetimes
in other v;ords
to repeat
repeat
more than ten
to hope
v.-ishes
let's hope, one hopes
hopefully
(emphasizing ~ord)
of eourse (yes)
oh don't
tomatoes
in a straightfor~ard manner, determinedly
bro~nie, gnome
padded
padded fabrie
padded jaeket
padded eoat
rnarketplaee
to the market
marketplaees
in the tov.-er
repudiatingly, rejeetiogly
Thursday
horn
indeed
hov.-ever
verifieation, voueher
v.-ell
true
to get used to
G-131
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
tottu-nut
8 past aet. pep. (ef. tottua)
totu=t=el-laan
8 pres. pass.
(ef. totutella; < tottua)
tot=uud-en 14 G (ef. totuus < tosi)
touko+kuu
1
toverias. abbr. for toveri+asunnon
9 (ef. asunto)
treffi-t
5 pN eolloq.
troopp=ise-t
10 pN (ef. trooppinen)
tuhka+kuppi
3
tuisku
11
tuisku=tta-a
11 1
tuka-n+leikka=us-ta
6 P
tuke=htu-minen
10 IV (ef. tukehtua)
tuki+lis
14
tuki+lis-
7 P
tuki+osa
14
tukka
6
tukka-ni
6 poss. suff.
tukka-nne
6 poss. suff.
tukke=utu-a 8 I
tule-e
4 s3 (ef. tulla)
tule=htu-a
10 I intr.
tule=htu-nut
10 past aet. pep. (ef. tulehtua)
tule-ma-an
9 III II (ef. tulla)
tule-n
4 sl (ef. tulla)
4 s2 (ef. tulla)
tule-t
tule-tte
2 p2 (ef. tulla)
tule-va
7 pres. aet. pep. (ef. tulla)
tule-va-n
10 pres. aet. pep. G (ef. tulla)
tule-vat
2 p3 (ef. tulla)
tule-vat-kin
3 p3 (ef. tulla)
tul-i
10 past s3 (ef. tulla)
tulHpalo
11
tuli+palo+pakkanen
11 N
tul-isi
6 eond. s3 (ef. tulla)
tul-isi-vat
3
condit. p3 (ef. tulla)
tuli+ter+kunno-ssa
6 In (ef. kunto)
may
shared aeeommodation
date
tropieal
ashtray
driving snowstorm
to snow (driving)
haireutting
suffoeation
subsidy supplement
additional benefit (extra)
subsidy portion
hair (of the head)
my hair
your hair
clog up
it comes, it will
to become infected
infeeted
to come
1 eome
you come
you eome
fortheoming, future
coming
come
(they) come, too
became, eame
uncontrolled fire
bitingly cold
would come
(they) would eome
in brand-new condition
truth
G-132
.,
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
tuli+vuore-n+purka=us
4
tulkki
14
tul-la
2 1
tullat=a
5 1
tul1at-ta-va-a
5 pres. pass. pep. P (ef. tuIIata)
tulli
5
tulli +asema
8
tulli+tarka=st=us
5
tul=o-i-sta
14 pEl
tuI=o-i-sta-an
13 pEI, poss. suff.
tulo+lue=tt=el=o
7
tulo+matka
9
tulo-n+siirr=o-t
14 pN (cf. siirto)
tul=o-ssa
7 1n
tuI=o-t
8 pN
tulva
12
tuIvi-a
11 1 intr.
turnma-n+ruskea
6
turnma-n+sini=nen
4
tundra
12
tung=os
10
tunne-n
1 sl (ef. tuntea)
tunne-tte-ko
1 p2 (ef. tuntea)
tunne-ttu-a
12 past pass. pep. P(ef. tuntea)
tunne-ttu-j-a
6 past pass. pep. pP (ef. tuntea)
tunne-ttu-j-en
9 past pass. pep. pG (ef. tuntea)
tunne-tu-imp-i-a
6 past pass. pep. superl.
pP (ef. tunnetuin; tuntea)
tunne-tu-in
5 past pass. pep. superl.
(et. tuntea)
tunne-tu-ksi
6 past pass. pep. T (ef. tuntea)
tunni-n
2 G/A (ef. tunti)
tunni-t
2 pN (ef. tunti)
tunn=ust=ukse=llinen 13
tuns-i-n
9 past sl (ef. tuntea)
tunte-a
1 1
1 tunne, tuntea)
tunt=ee=llinen
eruption of a voleano
interpreter
to eome, to beeome
to deelare (eustoms)
to be deelared (eustoms)
eustoms
eustoms station
eustoms eheek
ineome
his/her ineome
register of ineoming maiI
return trip
ineome transfer (redistribution)
eoming
ineome, proeeeds, profit
Hood
Hood
dark brown
dark blue
tundra
erowd, erush
1 know
do you know?
well-known
wel1-known
well-known
best-known
best-known
known
hour
lessons, hours
confessional, denominational
1 felt, 1 knew
to know
sentimental
G-133
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
to know
hour
hour
speed per hour
to seem, to feel
fjeld, mountain in Lappland
i t feels
that
to that
a basket (small, made of bireh bark)
that?
to smell
(it) smells, has a fragranee
ehair
(over) there
judge, lawyer, umpire
sentenee, judgment
eourt of law, eourt of justiee
judicial power
fresh
fresh
fresh eueumber salarl
fresh
right there
produetion
produet
producing
produets
with her produets
produets
eigarette
eigarette, tobaeeo
into tobaeeo
to smoke
for nonsmokers
smoking
for smokers
in tourist elass
G-134
turkis+hattu
6
turki-sta
6 El (ef. turkki)
turkki
6
turma
4
Turu-n 14 G (ef. Turku)
Turu-n+tie-Ile
8 AI (ef. Turku)
Tu~u-n+vyl
8 (ef.Turku)
turvon-nut
10 past aet. pep. (ef. turvota)
turvot=a
10 1 intr.
tuskin
9 adv.
tutki-a
8 1
tutki=nto
14
tuttava-ni
1 poss. suff.
tutu-sta
12 El (ef. tuttu)
tutu=st=u-a
1 1
tuule-n
11 G (ef. tuuli)
tuuletus+auko-t 8 pN (ef. aukko)
tuuli
11
tuuli+kaappi
9
tuuli+lasi
7
tuuli+lasi-n
7 G
tuul=inen
11
tuuli +takki
6
tuul=is-ta
11 P (ef. tuulinen)
tuut = tule-t 4 s2 colloq.
tuutte
tule-tte
2 p2 eolloq.
TV
televisio
2
TVH abbr. for Tie-ja vesirakennus+hallitus 11
tyhj=e=nti-m-n 8 111 II (ef. tyhj)
tykksi-tte eolloq.
3 p2 (ef. tykt)
tykk--tte
eolloq.
2 (ef. tykt)
tyttre-mme
1 poss. suff. (ef. tytr)
tytt
1
tytr
1
tytr+puoli
10
tyt-i-Ile
6 pAI (ef. tytt)
tyyli
12
tyyli+huone+kalu+t
6 pN
fur hat
tur eoat
tur eoat
aeeident
proper name, Turku
to Turku Road
Turku freeway
swollen
to swell
hardly
to study, to researeh
examination (degree)
my aequaintanee
familiar
to get aequainted
wind
vent
wind
vestibule, wind loek
windshield
windshield's
windy
windbreaker
windy
you eome
you eome
television
Administration of Civil Engineering
to empty
you liked
you like
our daughter
girl
daughter
stepdaughter
for girls
style
period furniture
G-135
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
tyyli+suunta-na
12 E
tyyni
11
tyyn-t
11 P (ef. tyyni)
ty
1
ty+el=ke
14
ty+el=kke-i-st
14 pEI (ef. elke)
ty+huonee-ksi
9 T (ef. huone)
ty-hn
4 II
ty+kyvyttmyys+vak=uut=us
14 (ef. kyky)
ty=ll=ist-
14 1
ty-n+anta=ja
14
ty-ns
6 poss. suff.
ty-n+teki=j
14
ty-ss
1 In
ty-st
2 El
ty+suhde+asu=nno-ksi
9 T (ef. asunto)
ty~ttm=yys
14 ty=tn)
tyttmyys+kassa-t
14 pN
tyttmyys+vak=uut=ukse-t
14 pN
(et. vakuutus)
ty+voima+ministeri
14
ty+voima+minister=i
14
ty+ve-n
13 G (ef. ty+vki)
ty+vki
13
tkn-t
6 pN
t-Il
2 Ad (ef. tm)
tm
2 dem. proun.
tm-n
2 G
t-n+piv-n = tmn pivn
2 G eolloq.
t-n-kin
8 E (ef.tm)
tnn
1 adv.
trke-in
13 superl. trke)
trke-n
8 E
trpn-nyt
9 past aet. pep. (ef. trpt)
trpt-
9 1
tsson = tss on
3
eolloq.
t-ss
1 In (et. tm)
t-ss-hn
5 In (et. tm)
a style trend
ealm
ealm
work, job
pension
pension (after having worked)
tor a studio
into work
disability insuranee
to provide work, plaee at work
employer
his/her work
employee
in/at work
from work
for aecommodation provided by the employer
unemployment
unemployment funds
unemployment insuranee
seeretary of labor
Department of Labor
the workers
the workers/laborers
a kind of double woven wall hanging
this
this
of this
today's
(on) this, too
today
most important
important
eaught
to eateh
here is
here, in this
here
G-136
of this
aunt
fuU, eomp1ete
zone of comp1eteness
(of the visibi1ity of an ec1ipse)
fuU
joint (fu11) session
high option, fu11 eoverage (insuranee)
(to) fuU
fiUed
fiU!
of age
those over certain years of age
to fiU
must
this
here
from here
from work
work, chores
carton
Tl Street
(U)
unohta-a
51
unohta-nut
5 past act. pep. (ef. unohtaa)
unoht-i
4 past s3 (ef. unohtaa)
un-ta
4 P (eL uni)
upea
11
upo=te-ttu
5 past pass. pep. (ef. upottaa)
upot=ta-va
11 pres. pass. pep. (ef. upottaa)
uha-11a
7 Ad (ef. uhka)
ui-da
4 I
uima+a11as
5
ui-ma-an
8 III 11 (ef. uida)
to forget
forgotten
forgot
sleep
magnifieent
poaehed, 'sunk'
sinking
under threat
to swim
swimming pool
to swim
G-137
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
uima+halli
5
uima+ha lli -ssa
10 In
uima+ope=t=us
10
ui-ma-ssa
8 111 In (et. uida)
uima+tait=o
10
ui-minen
10 IV (cf. uida)
ui-mis-ta
10 IV P (eL uida)
ui=nti
10
ui=nti-a
10 P
ukko=nen
11
ukkose-n+ilma
11 (et. ukonilma)
ukkos+kuuro-ja
11 pP
ukkos-ta
11 P (et. ukkonen)
ula+verko=sto
6
ulko+asia-i-n+ministeri
14
ulko+asia-i-n+minister=i
14
ulkoilu+puk=u
6
ulkoilu+vira=sto
10
ulkom. abbr. tor ulkornaisi-in (et. ulkomainen)
ulko+maa=lainen
5
ulko+maa=lais-ta
8 P
ulko+rnaa-n+kauppa+ministeri
14
ulko+ma-i-Ila
6 pAd (et. maa)
ulko+ma-i-Ile
6 pAI (et. maa)
ulko+rna-i-Ita 5 pAbl (et. maa)
ulko+ma=inen
5
ulko+ma=is-i-a
8 pP (et. ulko+mainen)
ulko+ma=is-i-sta
6 pEI (et. ulko+mainen)
ulko+minister=i6-ss
1 In
ulko-na
9 E
ulko+puole-l1e
7 AI(G+)postposit. (et. puoli)
ulko+puol=is-ten
12 pG (et. ulkopuolinen)
ulos
8 adv
ulos+ky=nti
8
ulos+meno+tie
8
ulo=tt=u-vat
6 p3 intr. (et. ulottua)
umpe-en
11 Il
umpi11
G-138
umpi+kuja
8
umpi+kuja-an
8 11
umpi+tav=u
2
une-ssa
13 1n (et. uni)
uni
4
unoh=d-i-t-ko
9 past s2 (ef. unohtaa)
6 pres. aet. pep. (ef. uurtaa)
ura-a+uur=ta-va
urhe=il=u
6
urheilu+areena
2
urheilu+harras=t=uks-i-sta
10 pEl
urheilu+kentt
10
10
urh=eil=u+kilpa=il=u
10 1n
urheilu+puisto-ssa
urheilu+uut=ise-t
5 pN (eL uutinen)
ur-i-lle
6 pAl (et. ura)
usea
6
usea-an-kin
9 II
usea-rnm=i-n
7 eornpar. p1nstr. adv
use-i-n
4 p Instr. adv
use-i-ta
5 pP (et. usea)
US1CA abbr. tor Yhdysvaltain Kansainvlinen
Kommunikaatiovirasto
uskalla
4 neg. stern (ef. uskaltaa)
uskal=ta-a
3 1
usko'
10 neg. stern
usko-a
1 1
usko-n
1 s1 (ef. uskoa)
uskonno-n+ope=t=us
13 (ef. uskonto)
uskonno-n+vapaus+laki
13
usko=nto
13
uskonto+kunt-i-a
13 pP (ef. kunta)
uskonto+kunti-i-en 13 pG (ef. kunta)
13 Ad (ef. tunti)
uskonto+tunni-lla
usko-tte-ko
1 p2 (cf. uskoa)
utel=iais=uus
5
dead end
(in)to a dead end
closed syllable
in a drearn, sleep
sleep, dream
did you forget?
pioneering
sport
sports arena
about sports as a hobby
sport (playing) field
rneet (sport eontest)
in the reereational park
sport news
eourse, groove
several
to several, too
rnore often
often
several
U.S.1.C.A. (U.S.I.A.)
does not dare
ta dare
believe
to believe
1 believe
seripture instruetion
law for religious freedorn
religion
~enorninations, faith
denorninations
io a religion elass
do you believe?
euriosity
G-139
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
utel=iais=uut-ta-ni
5 P poss. suff.
(ef. uteliaisuus)
utu
11
utu=is-ta
11 P (ef. utuinen)
uude=hko-sta
9 El uusi)
uude-Ile-en
2 AI poss. suff. (et. uusi)
uude-n+aika=inen
4
uudistus+komitea-ssa
13 ln
uuni-sta
3 El
uus+apostoli=nen 13
uusi
1
uusi-a
3 pP
uusi-a
9 1
uusi=nta
2
uusinta+esit=ys
9
uus-i-Ile
6 pAI
uusi=nta-na
2 E
uusi-ttu
9 past pass. pep. (eL uusia)
uus+klassis-ta
12 P (ef. klassinen)
uut=ise-t
2 pN (ef. uutinen)
uut=is-i-a
4 pP (et. uutinen)
uut-ta
4 P (ef. uusi)
uut=uuks-i-a
6 pP (et. uutuus; <uusi)
(V)
year
Libra, seales
eoat of arms
pink
eleetion
bilt
danger
(arctic) hill
dangerous
dangerous element/factor
emergeney situation, danger
dangerous situation
G-140
vaate
6
vaate+huone
9
vaatetus+osa=sto
6
vaati-ma=ttoma-t
6 pN (ef. vaatimaton)
vaatte-i-ta
6 pP (ef. vaate)
vadelma
7
vahing=oitta-minen
7 IV (ef. vahingoittaa)
vahinko
4
vahva
2
vahv=ista-n 14 sl (ef. vahvistaa)
vai
3
vaih=d=e
6
vaih=de=taan
5 pres. pass. (ef. vaihtaa)
vaih=ee-t
8 pN (ef. vaihe)
vaih=ta-a
5 1
vaih=t=ee-n
10 G (ef. vaihde)
vaihte-i-ssa
7 p In (ef. vaihde)
vaih=t=ele-va-a
11 pres. aet. pep.
(eL vaihdella)
vaih=t=el=u-n
10 G
vaih=t=o
6
7 past s3 (ef. vaihtaa)
vaih=t=o-i
vaikea
3
vaikea-t
10 pN
4
vaike-e=vaikea
colloq.
vaikka
2
vaikutta-va
6 pres. aet. pep. (ef. vaikuttaa)
vaikutt=e-i-ta
6 pP (ef. vaikute)
vaikut=us
6
12 P
vaikut=us-ta
vailla
2
vaille
2
vaivat-a
10 1
1 Al p2 poss. suff.
vaimo-lle-nne
sl
poss. suff.
vaimo-ni
1
vain
1
vaina=ja-n
13 G
vaiva-a
2 s3 (ef. vaivata)
cloth
walk-in eloset
clothing department
modest
elothes
raspberry
violating
accident
strong
to confirm, to ratify
or (in questions)
switchboard, gear
is exchanged
stages
to exehange, to ehange, to transfer
switchboard
in the gears
variable
suceession, variation
exchange
transferred
difficult
difficult, serious
difficult
even, although
impressive, influential
impressions
influence
influenee
of, to, lacking
of, to, laeking
to trouble, to ail
to your wife
only
the deceased
bothers
G-141
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
vaki=intu-nee-t
13 past aet. pep. pN
established, eustomary
(cf. vakiintua)
vaki=intu-nut
13 past aet. pep. (et. vakiintua)
eustomary
vako+sametti
6
eorduroy
vak=uute-tu-t
14 past pass. pep. pN
those insured
(ef. vakuuttaa)
vak=uute-ttu
7 past pass. pep. (ef. vakuuttaa)
insured
vak=uute-ttu-na
7 past pass. pep. E
(as) insured
(cf. vakuuttaa)
vak=uu=tta-a 14 1
toassure, to insure
vak=uut=ukse-n
9 G (ef. vakuutus)
insuranees
vak=uut=us
9
insuranee
vakuutus+arv=o
7
insuranee value (amount)
vakuutus+osa=sto
14
insuranee department
vala
14
oath
val=aise-mme
9 p1 (ef. valaista)
we light
val=ais=ime-t
8 pN (ef. valaisin)
lamps
val=ais-ta
10 1
to light
val=ais-tu
10 past pass. pep. (ef. valaista)
lit
valikoi-du-n
12 past pass. pep. G (ef. valikoida) selected, hand-picked
valikoi=ma
7
selection
valinnais+aine-i-ta
14 pP
optionai subjeets
vali=nna-t
14 pN (et. valinta)
ehoiees, options
valinta+myy=m=l
7
supermarket
valio+kunta
14
. eommittee
val=ista=ja-i-n
13 pG
those who enlighten/teaeh
valit-a
5 1
to ehoose, to eleet
vali-taan
14 pres. pass. (ef. valita)
is eleeted
valita-n
5 sl (ef. valittaa)
sorry
valite-tta-va=sti
1 pres. pass. pep. adv.
unfortunately
valitse 5 imperat. s2 (ef. valita)
to choose
val=itse-ma-sta
13 111 El. (ef. valita)
eleeted (by)
valitsija+mies
14
eleetor
valitsija+mies-t 14 P
eleetor
vali=tta-a
6 1
to eomplain, to lament, to appeal
vali-tta-va
14 pres. pass. pep. (ef. valita)
to be chosen
valitta-vat
13 p3 (et. valittaa)
regret, complain
valit=ukse-n
6 G (ef. valitus)
complaint
G-142
valit=ukse-t
6 pN (ef. valitus)
valit=us
6
valko=inen
2
valko=is-i-a
7 pP (ef. valkoinen)
valko+raita=inen
6
valko+viini
5
vallan
5 adv
valla-n+kaappa=us
4
valla-n+kumo=us
4 (ef. valta)
valmii-ksi
6 T (ef. valmis)
valmis-ta-a
5 1
valmis=ta-vat 8 p3
valmis=t-ele-e 14 s3
valmis=te-ttu
7 past pass. pep.
(ef. valmistaa)
valmistus+tapa
5
valo-i-ssa
7 pln
valo+kuva=a-ma-Ila
7 111 Ad (ef. kuvata)
valo+kuvaus+tarvi=kke-i-ta
6 pP
(el. tarvike)
valo-t
7 pN
valta+kunna=llise-t
14 pN
(ef. kunnallinen; < kunta)
valta+meri
12
valt=io
13
valt=io=llise-t 14 pN
valt=io-n
9 G
valtio+neuvo=sto
14
valtio-n+rauta+tie-t
9 pN
valtio-n+usko=nto
13
valtio+piv-i-Ile
14 pAI (ef. piv)
valt=io-sta
13 El
valtio+vara-i-n+ministeri
14
valtio+vara-i-n+minister-i
14
valt. yo abbr. for valtiotieteen ylioppilas 10
valt=uuta-n
9 sl (ef. valtuuttaa)
eomplaints
eomplain
white
white
white-striped
white wine
quite
eoup-d'-etat
revolution
finished
to prepare t to manufaeture
manufaeture t make
prepare
manufaetured
method of preparation
in the lights
by photographing
photographie supplies
lights
nationwide
oeean
state
parliamentary
state's
eabinet
state-owned railroads
state religion
session of parliament
from the state
seeretary of the treasurYt minister of finanee
Department of the TreasurYt Finanee Ministry
student of politieal seienee
1 give power of attorney
G-143
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
valuuta-ssa
8 ln (ef. valuutta)
valuutta
5
valuutta-a
5 P
valuutta+kurssi-t
5 pN
valuutta+shekki+tili-
8 P
valuutta+talletus+tili-Ile
8 AI
valuutta+tarka=st=us
5
valvo=nta
14
valvo-o
14 s3 (et. valvoa)
vanha
2
Vanha-Ila abbr. tor Vanhalla
ylioppilastalolla
9 Ad
vanha+piika
10
vanha+pilka
10
10 eompar. pN (et. vanhempi)
vanhe-mma-t
vanhe-mm-i-ssa
12 eompar. p ln. (et. vanhempi)
vanhe-mpa-nne
10 eompar. poss. sutt.
(cf. vanhemmat)
vanhe-mp-i-a
10 eompar. pP
vanhen=t=u-nee-Ita
12 past aet. pep. AbI
(cf. vanhentua)
vanhen=t=u-nee-na
7 past act. pep. E
(et. vanhentua)
vanh-in
6 superl. (et. vanha)
vanhuuden+tue-t
14 pN (et. tuki)
vanilja
3
vanilja+kerma-a
5 P
vanki=la
14
vanno-n 14 sl (ef. vannoa)
vapaa
9
vapaa+ajatt=eli=ja
13
vapaa+kirkko-j-a
13 pP (et. v-kirkko)
vapaa-na
6 E
Vapa=hta=ja-mme
13 poss. suff.
vap=ise-vat-ko
10 pl (et. vapista)
vappu
13
vara-a
10 imperat. s2 (et. varata)
vara-lIe 8 AI adv.
in eurreney
eurreney
(foreign) eurreney
foreign exehange
eurreney eheeking aeeount
to the eurreney savings aeeount
inspeetion of foreign eurreney
wateh, eontrol, eheek
keeps an eye on, be awake
old
at the old student house
spinster
baehelor
parents
your parents
parents
arehaie, obsolete
obsolete, old
oldest
old-age subsidy
vanilla
vanilla eream
prison
to swear, to take an oath
tree
treethinker
tree church
tree
our Saviour
do they tremble1
tirst at May, May Day
reserve
in ease ot
G-144
varan-neet
9 past act. pcp. (ef. varata)
vara=sto
9
vara=sto-ssa
6 In
varat=a
5 1
vara=ton
14
vara=ttoma-t
14 pN (et. vara=ton)
vara-ttu
5 past pass. pcp. (et. varata)
vara-ttu-na
5 past pass. pep. E (et. varata)
vara=us
5
vara=ukse-t
5 pN (et. varaus)
varma
2
varma-an
7 adv
varo
8 imperat. s2 (et. varoa)
varo-a
8 1
var=oitta-a
8 s3
var=oit=us
8
varoitus+merkki
8
varo-va=sti
8 pres. aet. pep. adv. varoa)
varsi=nainen
5
varten
5 (P+) postposit.
varti=oi-ma=ton
8 vartioida)
varti=oi-tu
8 past pass. pcp. (et. vartioida)
vartti-a colloq.
2 P
varu=st=ee-t
10 pN (et. varuste)
varvas+vli+sandaali-t
10 pN
vasara-lla
9 Ad
vasemma-lla
2 Ad (ef. vasen)
vasemma-n
10 G (et. vasen)
vasemm=isto 14
vasen
2
vasta
8
vasta
2
vastaa'
2 82 imperat. neg. stern. (et. vastata)
vasta=a-n
2 81 (et. vastata)
vasta-an
7 postpos.
vastaan+otta=ja-n
7 G
vasta-an+otta-ma-an
9 111 II (et. ottaa)
reserved
storage
in stoek
to reserve
poor
poor, without tunds
reserved
reserved
reservation
reservations
sure
surely
beware!, watch outI
to beware, to look out
cautious
warning
warning signal (sign)
eautiously
proper, actual
tor
unguarded
guarded
quarter
equipment
flip-flops (sandals)
with a hanuner
on the left
left
left wing
left
birch-Ieaf whisk
only (in time) , reeently
answer!
1 answer
against, co, re-, obreceiver's
to reeeive
G-145
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
vasta-an+ott=o
5
vasta-an+ott=o-on
5 II
vasta=a-va=sti
14 pres. aet. pep. adv.
vastata)
vasta-isi
6 eond. s3 (et. vastata)
vasta=kkain
13 adv.
vasta=kkais-i-lle
12 pAl (ef. vastakkainen)
vasta+puhe=lu 5
vasta+puh=elu-j-a 5 pP
vasta+puh=elu-i-sta 5 pEl
vasta+puhe=lu-n 5 G
vastat=a
2 1
vastat-kaa
2 imperat. p2 (et. vastata)
vasta=ukse-t
9 pN (ef. vastaus)
vasta=uks-i-a
9 pP (et. vastaus)
vasta=us
2
vast=uu 14
vatsa
3
vatsa-a-ni
10 II poss. suff.
vatsa+kipu
10
vatsa-lle
3 Al
vatsa-lle-ni
3 Al poss. suft.
vauhdi-lla
9 Ad (ef. vauhti)
vaunu-ssa
9 In
vauva
10
vauva-ni
10 poss. suff.
vede-n+pit-v
6 pres. aet. pep.
(et. vesi+pit)
vede-n+vara=a=ja
9 (ef. vesi+varata)
vede-ss .8 In (ef. vesi)
vede-tt-isi-in-k
10 pass. eond. (ei. vet)
veikkaus+uut=ise-t
5 pN (et. uutinen)
veikkaus+vihj=e
5 N
veitsi
3
veli
10
veljekse-t
9 pN (ef. veljes-)
velje-n
10 G (ef. veli)
reeeption
(into) the reeeption
eorrespondingly
eorrespond
against eaeh other, taeing eaeh other
opposite
eolleet eall
eolleet ealls
eolleet eall
eolleet eall
to answer, to be responsible for
answer
answers
answers, responses
answer
responsibility
stomaeh
my stomaeh
stomaeh pain
for the stomaeh
ior my stomaeh
at the speed
in the ear
baby
my baby
waterproof
water heater
in water
should we pull?
betting news
betting tip
knife
brother
brothers
brother's
G-146
veljes-t
9 P
velka
8
vel=oite-taan
8 pres. pass.
(ef. veloittaa; < velka)
velvo=llis=uuks-i-a
13 pP
(ef. velvollisuus)
vene
10
venee-st
7 El (et. vene)
ven=ht-nyt
10 past aet. pep. (et. venht)
ven=ht-
10 intr.
Venj
4
ven=linen
1
verbe-j-
1 pP (et. verbi)
vere-n+syks=y
10 (et. veri)
vere-n+oksenn=us
10
vere-n+vuot=o
10
verho-t
9 pN
veri
3
veri+ohu=kais-i-a
3 pP (et. ohukainen)
vero
14
vero=te-tta-va-sta
13 pres. pass. pep. El
(ef. verottaa)
vero=t=ukse-nsa
13 G poss. sutt. (et. verotus)
vero=t=ukse-ssa
14 10 (et. verotus)
vero+varo-i-Ila-an
14 pAd poss. sutt.
(et. vara-t)
vero=yri-in
14 II
verra=ttaio
11 adv.
verryttely+puk=u
10
12 P
vertailu+paikka+kuota-a
vesi
3
vesi+johd=o-t
9 pN (et. johto)
vesi+keli-ll
11 Ad
vesi+mies
1
vesi+pora
10
vesi+voim=ist=el=u
10
vessa
2
veteraani
13
brother
debt
is eharged/debited
duties
boat
from the boat
strained
to strain
Russian
Russian
verbs
hemorrhage of the luogs
vomiting blood
bleeding
drapes
blood
blood paneakes
tax
taxable
taxation
in taxation
(his) tax tuods
tax unit
eomparatively
sweatsuit
eontrol group of towns (for statistieal purposes)
water
plumbiog
watery eonditioo
aquarius
water drill
water gymnasties
WC
veteran
G-147
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
veto+oike=us 14
vet-t
3 P (eL vesi)
vet-minen
4 IV (ef. vet)
vet-
4 1
via=llise-sta
6 El (et. viallinen; <vika)
viehy+vesi
3
vichy+vet-t
3 P (cf. vesi)
vie-d
9 1
vie-dn
6 pres. pass. (et. vied)
viel
1
6
vienti+palv=el=u
vieraa-Ile
8 AI (eL vieras)
viera=ili=ja-na
9 E
viera=il-laan
13 pres. pass. (et. vierailla)
viera-i-l1e-si
8 pAI poss. suft. (et. vieras)
viera-i-ta
4 pP (cf. vieras)
vieras
3
vieras+sauna
8
vieras-ta
8 P
viere=ise-n
9 G adj. (ef. viereinen)
viesti+hiiht=o
10
viete-t
13 pres. pass. neg. stern (et. viett)
viete-tn
13 pres. pass. (et. viett)
viett-
13 1
vie-vt
7 p3 (et. vied)
viha=inen
2
vihannekse-t
7 pN (et. vihannes)
vihanneksi-a
5 pP (et. vihannes)
viha-ttu
12 past pass. pep. (ef. vihata)
vihda-lla
8 Ad (et. vihta)
vihi-tty-j-
10 past pass. pep. pP
(cf. vihki)
vihki+sormus-ta
10 P
vihki-
10 tr. 1
vihki=ise-t
13 pN
vihre
2
vihre-t 14 pN
vihta = vasta
8
veto right
water
winding, pulling
to pull, to wind
taulty
soda water
soda water
to take (out), to export
are exported/taken
sUll, yet
export serviee
to the guest
as a guest (artist)
(one) visits
to your guests
guests
guest
sauna tor guests
guest, unfamiliar, strange
next
reIay (skiing raee)
is eelebrated/observed
to eeIebrate, observe
Iead, take to
angry
vegetabIe(s)
vegetables
hated
with the whisk
rnarried
wedding ring
to rnarry
wedding party
green
the Greens (politieal)
birch-leaf whisk
G-148
vihta-a
8 P
vihta-an
8 Il
viide-n
4 G (ef. viisi)
viide-n+kympi-n
7 G (ef. viisi+kymppi)
viide=s
1 viisi)
viihde+ohj=e=lma-a
4 P
viihde+osa=sto-Ila
6 Ad
viiht=ee=llinen
2 viihde)
viihdy-mme
1 pl (ef. viihty)
viihdy-tte
1 p2 (ef. viihty)
viihty-
2 1 intr.
viikko
2
viikko-a
2 P
viikko+lehti
2
viikko+numer=oi=nti
13
viiko-ksi
5 T (ef. viikko)
viiko-lla
4 Ad (ef. viikko)
viiko-n
2 G (ef. viikko)
viikon+loppu-a
1 P
viiko-n+loppu
4
4 E
viikon+loppu-na
viiko-n+piv-t
1 pN
viiko-ssa
7 1n (ef. viikko)
viile
11
viili-
3 P
viima
11
viime
4
3 adj.
viime=inen
3 El (ef. viimeinen)
viime=ise-st
3 pEl (ef. viimeinen)
viime=is-i-st
13 P poss. suff. adv.
viime=is-t-n
viina
8
v11na-a
5 P
viini+lista
5
viini-n+puna=inen
6
viini+pullo-n
3 G/A
viini+ryple
7
Viipuri-ssa 14 1n
whisk
to the whisk
five
fifty
fifth
variety program
entertainment eenter
entertaining
we enjoy our stay
you enjoy your stay/thrive
to enjoy one's stay, to thrive
week
week
weekly
numbering the weeks
for a week
during the week
a week's
weekend
weekend
at the weekend
days of the week
a week (lit., in the week)
cool
soured whole milk
eutting wind
last, past
last
for the last
for the last
at the latest
liquor
spirits, hard liquor
wine list
maroon red
wine bottle
grape
Vyborg
G-149
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
viipy-y
5 s3 (et. viipy)
viipy-
5 1
Viisas
1
viisaude-n+hammas
10 (et. viisaus)
viisi
1
viisi+ott=el=u
10
viito=nen
7 noun viisi)
viitsi'
4 neg.stem (et. viitsi)
viitsi-
4 1
viit-t
2 P (et. viisi)
viit-t+toista
2 P (ef. viisi)
viiva-ttu
8 past pass. pep. (et. viivata)
viivy-n
5 s1 (et. viipy)
vika
7
vika+ilm=oit=us
5 N
villa
6
villa-a
6 P
villa+pai ta
6
vi lla+takki
6
vilkas
1
vilkka-in
9 superl. (et. vilkas)
villi -n
4 G
vilv=oit=el-laan
8 pres. pass.
(et. vilvoitella)
vira=llinen
13
vira=llise=sti
14 adv. (et. virallinen; < virka)
vira=llise-t
13.pN (et. virallinen; < virka)
viran+oma=is-ten 8 pG (et. viranomainen)
vira-ssa 1 1n (ef. virka)
vira=sto-j-a
10 pP
vira=sto-j-en
10 pG
virhee=llise-st
6 El adj. (ef. virheellinen)
virka+aika
2
virka+aika-na
9 E
virka+asu=nto
9
virka+matka
5
virka+matka-lla
5 Ad
virka+miehe-t
14 pN (ef. mies)
stays
to stay, to linger
wise
wisdom tooth
five
pentathlon
five
eare
to eare to
five
fifteen
erossed, lined (eheek)
1 stay
tault, problem
repair serviee
wool
wool
sweater
sweater, cardigan
lively
liveliest
wild
one eools oft
otficial
officially
official
(police) oftieials
in the office
offiees
offiees
ineorrect
office hours
during otfice hours
(ottieial) residence
business trip
business (otfieial) trip
civil servants
G-150
virkisty
10 imperat. s2 (ef. virkisty)
virk=ist=y-m-n
10 111 II (ef. virkisty)
Viro
12 (ef. Eesti)
virra-n
9 G (ef. virta)
virsi+kirja-n
13 G
Virtasen
4 G (ef. Virtanen)
virta
12
virta=us
11
vitHkeli
11 N
viuhka
10 eolloq.
voil
3 interjeetion
voi
1 s3 (ef. voida)
voi
3
voi+astia
3
voi-da
1 1
voi-ko
2 s3
voH leip
3
voi+leip+kakku-a
3 P
voi+leip+pyt
5
voima
11
voima-an 14 11
voima=kkaa=sti 8 (ef. voimakas)
voima-ssa
7 In
voima+suhtee-t 14 pN (ef. suhde)
voim=ist=ele
10 imperat. s2
(ef. voimistella)
voim=ist=ele-mis-ta
10 IV P (ef. voimistella)
voim=ist=el-la
10 1
voim=ist=el=u
10
voim=ist=el=u-a
10 P
voim=ist=u-va-a
11 pres. aet. pep. P
(ef. voimistua)
voi-n-ko
2 sl (ef. voida)
voi-ks = voinko
2 sl eolloq. (ef. voida)
vo-isi
4 eond. s3 (ef. voida)
VO-1S1-n
1 eond. 51 (ef. voida)
vo-isi-n-ko
5 eond. 81 (ef. voida)
vo-isi-tte-ko
2 eond. p2 (ef. voida)
refresh yourself
to reinvigorate, to refresh
Estonia
eurrent
hymnbook
Virtanen's
stream, eurrent
flow, eurrent
powdery eondition
luek
ohI
feel, ean
butter
butter dish
to be able, ean
ean one
sandwieh
sandwieh eake
smorgasbord
power
into power, valid
strongly
valid
relative strength
do gymnasties
gymnasties
to do gymnasties
gymnasties, exeereise
gymnasties
gaining in strength, inereasing
ean I?
ean I?
eould
1 eould
eould 1?
eould you?
G-151
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voi-ta
3 P
voitas = voi-ta-isi
4 eolloq. eond. pres. pass.
neg. stem
voi-tte
1 p2 (et. voida)
voi-tte-ko
2 p2 (et. voida)
voitt-i-vat
6 past p3 (et. voittaa)
vokaali
2
vuode
9
vuode-ksi
9 T (et. vuosi)
vuode-n+aja-t
1 pN (et. vuosi+aika)
vuode-n+aiko-j-en
10 pG (ef. vuosi+aika)
vuode-ssa
13 In (et. vuosi)
vuode-sta
7 El (et. vuosi)
vuokra
9
vuokraa I
6 imperat. s2 (et. vuokrata)
vuokra=a-ma-an
4 111 II (et. vuokrata)
vuokra=a-minen
9 IV (ef. vuokrata)
vuokra-n
9 G
vuokra+sopi=mukse-n
9 G (ef. sopimus)
vuokrat=a
4 1
vuokra+tarjo=ukse-t
9 pN (et. tarjous)
vuoksi
8 (G+) postposit.
vuon-na
7 E (et. vuosi)
vuori
6
vuori+neuvo=s
13
vuoro
7
vuoro+kaude-n
10 G (ef. kausi)
vuoro+kaude-lta
9 AbI (ef. kausi)
vuoro+kausi
2
vuoro-nne
6 poss. suft.
vuoro+vaikut=us
12
vuosi
1
vuosi+keski+arv=o-t
11 pN
vuosi+ lippu
7
vuos-i=ttain
8 adv.
vuota-vat
10 p3 (ef. vuotaa)
butter
ean you?
won
vowel
bed
tor a year
seasons
seasons
in a year
(from) year
rent
rentl
to rent
renting t leasing
rent
rental agreement
to rent t to lea se
bidding tor leasing
for
in a year
lining t mountain
an honorary title given ta persons who have
distinguished themselves in industry
turn
day and night
per day
day and night
your turn
interaetion
year
annual mean vaIue
yearly tieket
yearly
run (eyes), leak
G-152
vuot=ia-i-lle
10 pAl (et. vuotias)
vuot=inen
6 adj. (er. vuosi)
vuot-ta
5 P (ef. vuosi)
vy
6
vest+rekisteri-
13 P
vhe-mm-n
7 eompar.adv. (et. vhempi)
vhen=t-m-ll
12 III Ad (ef. vhent)
vhintn
5 adv.
vhi=tellen 12 adv.
vhittis+kauppa
8
vhn
3
vhn+suola-ttu-a
5 past pass. pep. P
(et. suolata)
vh+vara=is-i-lle
14 pAl (et. varainen)
vit-t
10 s2 (et. vitt)
vitt-kt
8 imperat. p3 (et. vitt)
vli+aika
2
vli+ajo-i-n
7 plnstr. (et. aika)
vli-in
9 11 postposit.
vli+kysy=mys
14
vli-lIe
11 Al (G+) postposit.
vli=l1inen
14
vli=llise=sti
14
vli=llise-t
14 pN (ef. vlillinen)
vli-l1
8 Ad
Vli+meri
12
vl=ise-ksi
13 T adj. (et. vlinen)
vl=ise-n
13 E (G+) postposit. (et. vlinen)
vlis-t
11 P adj. (et. vlinen)
vli+tunti
2
vli=tt-
6 s3
vli=ttm-t
14 pN (et. vlitn)
vlj
6
vlj=hty-nyt
5 past aet. pep. (et. vljhty)
vltt=-mise-ksi
7 IV T (ef. vltt)
vltt-m=tn
10
vltt-
9 I tr.
vlt 8 imperat. s2 (et. vltt)
G-153
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vli=tn
14
6 pP (cf. vri)
vre-j-
vri
6
vri+huuht=el=u-n
6 G
vri-t
6 pN
vsy=tt-
4 1 tr.
vsy=tt--k
4 s3 tr.
vsyt
4 neg. stem (eL vsytt)
vvy
10
vyl
8
(Y)
ydin+voima-n 8 G
yhdeksikk
7 noun yhdeksn)
yhdeks-lt
2 AbI (ef. yhdeksn)
yhdeksn
1
yhdeksn+kahdeksa-a
7 P (ef. kahdeksan)
yhdeks=s
1
yhdeks-st
2 El (ef. yhdeksn)
yhdeks-+kymrnen-t+kah-ta
7 P (ef. kaksi)
yhde-lt
2 AbI (ef. yksi)
yhde-ss
2 In yksi)
yhde=s+toista
1
yhde-st
2 El (ef. yksi)
yhde-st+toista
2 AbI (ef. yksi)
yhd=iste-tn 5 pres. pass. (ef. yhdist)
Yhdistyneet kansa+kunna-t 12 pN (ef. kunta)
yhdys+kunna-t 13 pN (ef. kunta)
yhdys+kunta
13
Yhdys+pankki
8
Yhdys+valla-t
1 pN (ef. valta)
Yhdys+valta-i-n
5 pG (ef. vallat)
Yhdys+valto-i-hin
8 pII (ef. vallat)
yheksn = yhdeksn
1 eolloq.
yhte-en+toista
2 II (ef. yksi)
yhte-en+veto-na
8 E
yhte=is-i-
10 pP (ef. yhteinen)
nuelear power
nine
at nine
nine
unleaded
ninth
from nine
ninety-two
at one
together
eleventh
from one
from eleven
to eonneet
United Nations
eommunities
eomrnunity
united bank
United States
of the United States
to the United States
nine
eleven
as a summary
eommon, joint
G-154
yhteis+kunta+oppi
14
yhteis+sauno-minen
8 IV (ef. saunoa)
yhteis+ty-ss
10 ln
yhtenis+maks=u-j-a
7 pP
yhtenis=yyde-n 14 G (cf. yhtenisyys)
yhte=yde-ss
8 ln (ef. yhteys)
yhte=yde-t 5 pN (ef. yhteys)
yhte=ys
5
yht
6 adv.
yht=lise-st
14 El (ef. yhtlinen)
yht+mitta=inen 8
yht+mitta=ise-lla 8 Ad (ef. y-mittainen)
yhtn
10 adv.
yh
4
YK 12
ykk=nen
7 noun yksi)
ykk=se-n
8 G adj. (ef. ykknen)
ykks+tie-lle
8 Al
yksi
1
yksi+kerro~ks=inen
yksi=l=llinen
10
yks-i-n
4 plnstr.
yksi-n+kerta=inen
5
14 pAl (ef. yksininen)
yksi=nis-i-Ue
yksi=nis=yyte-en
7 II (ef. yksinisyys)
yksi-suunta=inen
8
yksi+toista
1
yksi=tyise-n
14 G adj. (ef. yksityinen)
yksi=tyise-t
14 pN adj. (ef. yksityinen)
yksityis+tapa=uks-i-ssa
14 pln (ef. tapaus)
yks=i
9
yleens
7 adv.
yle=inen
8
yle=ise-n 14 G (ef. yleinen)
yle=ise=sti
11 adv.
yle=ise-st
14 El (ef. yleinen)
yle=is-imp-i-
10 superl. pP (ef. yleisin)
yleis+kieli
1
social seienee
mixed bathing
in eooperation
uniform eharges
unity
in the eonneetion
eonneetions, eontaets
eontaet, eonneetion
just as, equally
equal, uniformly alike
eontinuous
continuous, uninterrupted
at aU
stiU
UN
one
one
to Route One
one
one-floor, rambler
individualistie
alone, only
simple
single, lonely
loneliness
one way
eleven
private
private
in private eases
effieieney apartment
generally
general
general
generally
general, universal
most eommon
standard (Finnish) language
G-155
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yleis+urhe=il=u
10
yleis+urheilu+koulu
10
yleis+palv=eli=ja-t
4 pN
yleis+puh=el=ime-en
4 II (ef. puhelin)
yleis+puh=el=in
2
yle=nt-minen
13 IV (ef. ylent)
ylet=ty-y-k
9 s3 (ef. yletty)
ylh-Il
2 adv.
yli
2
yli+huomen-na
1 E
yl-imm-n
9 superl. G (ef. ylin)
yli+mr=is-i-Ile
14 pAI (ef. mrinen)
yl-in
11 superl.
yli+oike=ude-t 14 pN (ef. oikeus)
yli+opi=sto
1
yli+opi=sto=llinen
14
yli+opi=sto=llise-n
10 adj. G
yli+opi=sto-ssa
1 In
yli+oppi=las
14
ylpe
1
yli=tt-neet
8 past aet. pep. (ef. ylitt)
yli=tt-
8 1
yli+ty
11
yll 13 G+ postpos.
ylltt=y-nyt
12 past aet. pep. (ef. ylltty)
ylltt-v-n
12 pres. aet. pep. (ef. ylltt)
yl+aste
14
yl+ik+raja
7
yl+kerro=kse-en
7 II (ef. kerros)
yl=nk
12
yls
9 adv.
yls+nouse=mus
13
ym. abbr. for ynn muuta
6
ymm-ll
13 Ad
ymmrr=ykse-ni 14 poss. suff. (ef. ymmrrys)
ymmrr
2 neg. stern (ef. ymmrt)
ymmr=t-
2 1
G-156
ymrnr=t--k
4 s3
ymp. abbr. for ympri=st(-ineen)
13
ympar1
10 preposit. (+P); (G+) postposit.
ympri+leikka=us
13
ympyr
9
Ympyr+talo
7 proper noun
Ympyr+talo-ssa
7 ln
ympr=ist
8
yrittj+jrje=st-j-en
14 pG
yrtti+voi-ta
6 P
ystv
1
ystv=llinen
1
ystv=Uise=sti
5 adv.
ystv=llise-t
9 pN (ef. ystvllinen)
ystv-t
6 pN
yya+sopim=us = ystvyys-, yhteisty- ja avun+anto+
sopimus 12 (ef. sopia)
y
1
y-hn
4 Il
y+kerho
5
y+kerho-n
5 G
y+kerho-on
9 11
y+liike=ntee-n
7 G (ef. liikenne)
y-ll
11 Ad
y+pivy=st=ys
10
y+pyt
9
y-t
1 P
y=tn-t
13 P
does he understand?
with its surroundings
around
eireurneision
circle
Ympyrtaio (well-known Helsinki building)
in the Ympyrtaio
environment
organizations of private enterprises
herb butter
friend
kind
kind, friendly
kind, friendly
friends
treaty of friendship, eooperation, and assistanee
night
tiU night
nightclub
nightelub's
to a nightclub
night traffie's
at night
night duty
nightstand
night
nightless
()
iti
10
iti-en+piv
13
iti-ns
1 poss. suff.
iti+puole-en
10 II (ef. puoli)
iti+puole-sta
10 El (ef. puoli)
iti+puoli
10
itiys+avu=st=us
14
mother
Mother's Day
his/her mother
. (as for) stepmother
stepmother
stepmother
maternity benefit
G-157
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itiys+loma
14
itiys+neuvola+toimi=nta
14
itiys+raha-t
14 pN
ki=llinen
10
k=inen
8 adj.
k=ise-t
8 pN (ef. kinen)
l-k
3 imperat. neg. p2
ly=ks
1
l'
4 imperat. s2 neg.
ne-ll 8 Ad (ef. ni)
ni+merkke-j 8 pP (ef. merkki)
ni+oike=ude-n 14 G (ef. oikeus)
ni+oike=ude-sta 14 El
ni+oike=us
14
maternity leave
prenatal (and postnatal) clinic practiee
maternity henefit in cash
sudden
angry
angry
don't!
intelligent, smart
don't!
voice, sound
blast, signal
voting eight
voting eight
right ta vote, franchise
()
ljy
7
ljy-ll
9 Ad
ljy+lmmi=t=ys
oil
with oil
oil heating
G-158
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